NGHIEN CUU&Ul^G DUNG ii> TO CHlfC, BO TRI VA Slf DUMG PHONG HOC BO M 6 ] \ V A T LY, HOA HOC VA SINH HOC Hien nay eac trudmg phi thong trong ci nuac dang tiln hanh dau tu xiy dung va dua vao su dvmg p[.]
NGHIEN CUU&Ul^G DUNG ii> TO CHlfC, BO TRI VA Slf DUMG PHONG HOC BO M ] \ V A T L Y , H O A HOC V A SINH HOC ThS Phi Due Nam Bp Gido dtxc vd Ddo tq.o H ien eac trudmg phi thong ci nuac dang tiln hanh dau tu xiy dung va dua vao su dvmg phdng hpc bp mon (PHBM) theo quy dinh vl PHBM di dupe Bp GD&DT ban hanh Tuy nhien, viec to chlie, bo tri va sit dimg PHBM nhu the nio eho hieu qui vi ning eao chit lupng day hpc dang la mot vin de dat cho eie nhi quin ly giao due Trong bai viet nay, chiing toi xin de cap den nhumg vin de ve to chlie, bo tri vi sir dung PHBM dr cac tiirdmg THPT noi chung va THPT chuyen noi rieng Phong hoc bd mon va cac quy dinh PHBM cie trudmg THPT chuyen hudmg toi muc tieu: Ting cudmg hilu bilt ve cac ly thuylt di hpc; Hieu biet bin chit cua khoa hpc; Phit triln eac luan diem khoa hpc; Nuoi duong niem dam me doi vdi eae mon khoa hpc; Phit triln ky nang thuc hanh vi ky nang lam viee theo nhom; Hudmg HS lim quen vdi phuomg phip nghien eihi khoa hpc PHBM li phong hpc duoc trang bi, lip dit cic thiet bi vi phuang tien hi tro phu hpp dl day hoe, chuyen dimg cho mot hoic mot so mon hpc khie Theo Quyet dinh sl 37/2008/QD-BGDDT thi dien tich lam viec toi thieu cua PHBM duoc tinh ti-en CO sdr dien tich lim viec toi thieu cho mot HS nhin voi so lupng HS eua moi Idp hpc theo quy dinh Vi du, doi vdi cip THPT, dien tich lim viee tii thilu cho mot HS la 2,0m^, neu lop chuyen cd 30 den 35 HS thi dien tieh toi thieu ciia mot PHBM li eOm^ din 70m2 Doi vdi PHBM eua cic mon Vit li, Hoa hpc va Sinh hpc phii cd phong chuan bi voi dien tieh tir 12m^ den 27m^ moi phdng vi dupe bo tri lien kl, lien thong vdi PHBM Trong nhiing nim qua, cac trudmg THPT chuyen di cd nhieu eo gang viee diu tu xiy dung cie PHBM de phuc -vu cho cong tie giang day Tuy nhien, thue te eho thiy, CO sdr vit chit cho cie PHBM cua eactiiromgTHPT ndi chung vi THPT chuyen noi rieng cdn rit ngheo nin, thieu su dong bp Mat khac, viee cung cip TBDH ehua dong bp vdi viec tip huin ve sit dung TBDH nen nhilu PHBM chua phit huy dupe hieu qua sir dung; HS it e6 dieu kien dupe nghien ciiu, tim tdi tren TBDH ti-ong PHBM Do ky nang thuc hanh, thi nghiem tren TBDH ciia HS cdn nhieu han che; dieu the hien ro net cae ky thi mang tinh thi nghiem, thuc hanh, da so HS gap nhieu khd khin, liing tiing die biet li eae ky thi quoc te Thue te cho thiy, hien dang ton tai loai PHBM, dd la: PHBM dupe xay dvmg moi theo quy dinh tai Quyet dinh sl 37/2008/QD-BGDDT ciia Bp GD&DT - Loai PHBM niy chua nhieu, chu yeu cd dr cie trudmg THPT chuyen dupe dau tu xiy mdi tdng the PHBM duoc xiy dimg tren ca so cii tao cae phdng hpc thong thudmg - Loai PHBM niy hien chiem da so cae trudmg THPT ndi ehung va THPT ehuyen ndi rieng Ddi vdi nhiing PHBM thupc loai thii hai thi dien tieh cd thi nhd hom khong qui 12% so vdi quy dinh tai Quyet dinh sl 37/2008/QD-BGDDT eua Bp GD&DT Bo tri trang thilt bj phong hoc bo mon 2.1 Trang hi npi thdt PHBM Trang bi npi thit PHBM va phong chuin bi gim: He thing ban ghi, tii, gii, ke chuyen dimg; He thong thong gid va xu ly chat thai doe hai; He thong rem cua; Ngdy nhgn bai 14/7/2012: Ngdy duyel dang 25/8/2012 TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC-SO 85-9/2012 ' I S NGHIEN CUtJ&U^JG DUNG Anh chin dung cua cic nhi khoa hpc , do: - Ban, ghe cic PHBM Vit ly, Hda hpc va Sinh hpc la loai chuyen dung, dap img dupe eic yeu ciu die thu cua bp mon; Cd he thong dien nudrc, ga theo yeu eiu sir dung Ban ghe vi eie thiet bi phong cin dupe trang bi va bo tri eho thuin tien viec to chiic cic boat dpng hpc tip cua HS nhu: tien hanh eac thi nghiem thue tip tim tdi - nghien ciiu; Sit dung eie kl thuit "hpc tieh cue" va lim viec theo nhdm Nhu vay, cae ban hpc PHBM phai dong thdi li ban lim thi nghiem va tien hanh cac boat dpng hpc tip theo nhdm Doi voi cae PHBM Hoa, Smh thi phii ed them chiu rira bo tri lien ke eac ban de thuin tien eho viec thue hien eic thi nghiem, phong cd bo tri tii hilt dpc de tien hanh eie thi nghiem die thii bp mon He thong hi, gia, ke chuyen dimg PHBM thudmg dupe chia lam loai: Loai cao - Thudmg dupe bo tri phdng ehuin bi va mot phin o cudi PHBM, giip tudmg ngang phia sau; Loai thip - Thudmg dupe bo tri a dudi biu cira so theo hai tudmg dpc cua PHBM He thong rem cira eiia PHBM duoe bo tri theo eac gian cua phong de cd the che anh sang cue bp hoae toan phong theo yeu cau Anh chin dung cua eac nha khoa hpc PHBM 16 phai phu hpp vdi bp mon dupe ddng khung, treo or eac vi tri trang trpng, phii hop vdi tim quan sit ciia HS 2.2 Thiit hi day hpc PHBM TBDH PHBM thudmg dupe chia thinh nhdm - Nhdm thiet bi dung chung: La cie loai thiet bi ho trp hoat dpng day hpc khie eua GV vi HS nhu may vi tinh, projector, miy ehieu vit the, bang tuomg tie - Nhdm TBDH die thii bp mon bao gom: + TBDH tii thilu cip THPT: Li eie TBDH dupe quy dinh tai Thong tu so 01/2010/TT-BGDDT 18 thing 01 nam 2010 eiia Bp trudmg Bp GD&DT ban hanh Danh mue TBDH toi thieu cip THPT + TBDH dimg eho trudmg THPT chuyen: La cae TBDH dupe quy dinh tai Thong tu sl 38/2011/TT-BGDDT ngiy 29 thing nim 2011 eiia Bp tiirdmg Bp GD&DT ban hinh Danh mue toi thieu TBDH mon Vit ly, Hda hpc, Sinh hpc vi Ngoai ngii - Trudmg THPT ehuyen + Cae TBDH khie phu hop vai yeu cau va die thu cua timg mon hpc Trong thuc te hien nay, doi vdri cie trudmg THPT ehuyen, de to ehiie boat dpng nhin thiic tu chu, sing tao eua HS day hpe, ehiing toi cho ring cac PHBM ein tir den bin thi nghiem de • TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC-SO 85-9/2012 ed the to ehiie tren moi ban mot nhdm tir din HS, theo sl lupng cac bp TBDH dupe sir dvmg Ngoai ra, mli PHBM ein lip dit may chilu vi mot mang may tinh gim chiee, cd mdt miy ehil dit tren ban GV va - chiee dinh eho eic nhdm HS dupe lip tren eac bin thi nghiem; cae may tinh ein dupe ndi mang internet de thiy va tro ed the truy cap, tim kiem thong tin mot cich ehu dpng vi thuin tien Cae TBDH ti-ong PHBM phii dupe sip xep hop ly, khoa hpe he thong tu, gia, ke, bin chuyen dimg, dam bao thuan tien eho viec sit dimg va bio quan 2.3 Yiu cdu an todn vd ky thudt cda phong hpc bp mon PHBM phai dat yeu eiu ve an toin vi ky thuit; Cae trang thiet bi phong chong chiy no, dudmg eip dien, ga, cap thoit nudre, thoit thii, miii vi hoi doe PHBM, phai ed he thong xir ly chit thai dam bio diing quy dinh ve tieu ehuin xiy dung vi lip dit hien hanh; Phii hpp, thuin tien sir dung va cong tic bao tri, sira chiia, dong thdi dap ling yeu ciu khai thac, van hinh theo cic boat dpng giao due die tnmg ciia moi mon hpc Vi du ve mot so mo hirih mo phdng PHBM (Xem hinh) Quan li va sfr dung phong hoc bo mon D I sir dvmg PHBM co hieu qua, nhi trudmg cin xiy dung NGHIEN CUD & LING DUNG mot so quy dinh va giao trich nhiem eho eae thinh vien nhu sau: 3.1 Qudn ly hoat dpng cita PHBM Nha trudmg can eo ke hoaeh ehi dao sii dung PHBM thudmg xuyen, sap xep thdri khoa bieu cac mon, lop de eac tiet hpe cac mon Vat ly, Hoa hpc, Sinh hpe dupe hpc or cae PHBM khong triing Nha trudmg phai phin cong mot lanh dao phu trach cong tie nay; To trudmg chuyen mon cd trich nhiem lip ke hoaeh, quin ly, theo doi, kiem tra, danh gii viec giing day ciia GV, hpc tip cua HS tai cae PHBM va bao cao vdi lanh dao trudmg theo quy dinh Vien chuc lam cong tie TBDH li ngudi true tilp quin ly hoat dpng cua PHBM vi thuc hien ehe dp bio cao theo quy dinh Doi vdi nhiing mon hpc sir dung nhilu TBDH (nhu Vit ly, Hda hpe, Sinh hpe), ngoai vien chuc lam cong tic TBDH, nhi trudmg cd thi bl tri, sip xlp GV ciia eae mon hpe kiem nhiem ho tro eho vien ehiic lam cong tic TBDH viee ehuin bi va trien khai cae thi nghiemti-ongPHBM Vien chlie lim cong tie TBDH phii hpp vdi to trudmg chuyen mon lip ke hoach va dilu chinh kl hoach hang tuin de boat dpng ciia PHBM eo tin suit sii dvmg eao nhit PHBM phii cd he thing hd so, so sich theo doi viee sir dung cie trang TBDH cua timg mon hpc mot eieh diy dil, chat ehe, khoa hpe va phai duoc cap nhat mot each thudmg xuyen, lien tue, kip then Trong PHBM phai ed niem yet npi quy, lich boat dpng hang tuin theo diing chuomg trinh, ke hoach hoat dpng ciia timg mon hpc Ngoai ra, nha trudmg cin cd ke hoach kiem tra dinh ky TBDH, eie yeu eiu dam bio ky thuit, an toan sir dung PHBM de tu, bio duong hoae de xuat sita chua, mua sim bo svmg kip thdi Ddi vdi cic TBDH hu hdng khong the khie phue, sua chiia dupe, nha trudmg ein cd ke hoach ly hoic tieu hiiy theo quy dinh hien hinh; Cin die biet luu y doi vdi viec tieu buy cic loai hoa chit dpc hai da hit nien han va gia tri su dung Ben canh do, cin eo ke hoach dao tao, to chuc tip huin cho GV sii dvmg PHBM theo dinh II ky 3.2 Doi v&i viin chuc ldm cong tde TBDH vd GV phu trdch bp mon Vien ehlic lam cong tic TBDH phai cd trinh dp chuyen mon vl thue hinh thi nghiem, ed ehiing chi boi duomg ehuyen mon nghiep vu cho vien chiie lam cdng tac TBDH CO sdr giio due phi thong theo quy dinh eua Bp GD&DT Truae to chiie gia day, vien ehlic lim cong tac TBDH ein phoi hpp vdi GV bp mon chuin bi npi dung cie tiet day, chuan bi TBDH mot cich chu dao vi tien hinh thi nghiem thir truoc to chuc lop hpe e6 nhu viy mdi phat huy dupe hieu qui gia day PHBM D I HS hpe tip tit GV ein ren luyen HS ed y thiie, tie phong hpc tip cae PHBM Sau mli tiet hpe, GV hudmg dan HS thu dpn, sap xep lai dung, dvmg cu hpc tap, dpn ve sinh dam bio PHBM sach se, an toin Nhi trudmg cin chi dao de GV lip ke hoach giing day PHBM tir diu nim, lap kl hoach sir dung TBDH eho moi tiet hpe; Khuyen khich GV tu lim nhiing TBDH thieu; su dung hop li he thong dien, miy chieu, nudrc sach 3.3 Ddi v&i HS De dat dupe ket qui eao trudc het phii ren luyen eho HS CO y thiic ky luit Thuc hien nghiem tiic npi quy PHBM, dam bio trit tu, khong TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC-SO 85-9/2012 • I ? NGHIEN CUU&LrNG DUNG dua nghich lam hu hai tai sin vaTBDH Nha trudmg ed ke hoach hoat dpng eiia PHBM cho HS truoc mot tuin, huong dan cho HS viec di chuyen den PHBM mot each nhanh nhat; Ren luyen cho HS thii dp tich cue hpc or PHBM nhu chu y cie thao tic thi nghiem, tich cue tham gia va dua nhiing thic mie Khdng moi trudmg hpe tap nio, HS ed ea hoi hoat dpng nhieu nhu a PHBM, tranh dupe tinh trang day chay - hpe chay O diy cic em khong chi dupe ren luyen ki ning thyc hinh mi edn dupe quan sat, nhan xet, tranh luin nhiing vin de niy sinh thye te Chinh nhdr do, khac phue dupe nhiing thdi quen xau eho HS hpc tip nhu thu dpng, y lai Khuyen ngh| De dim bio cho viec sii dung hieu qui PHBM, chimg toi dua mot so khuyen nghi nhu sau: Trang thilt bi PHBM phii dong bp, dim bao chit lupng Viec sap xep phii dim bio khoa hpc, tien lpi cho ngudi sir dung PHBM phai co npi quy chit che, nguoi day vi ngudi hpc phii nim vung npi quy va thye hien nghiem tiic hing ngiy; Cin giio due eho HS y thiic tu giic, ton trpng va lam theo hudmg din ciia GV, phong hpc phii dam bio sach se, an toin Nhi trudmg phii chi dao 18 va to chlie xiy dung ke hoach day hpc hpp ly de khai thic tii da cie tiet hpc sit dung PHBM Ting cudmg quan ly, giim sit viee thyc hien ciia GV, HS Cong tic bio quin, bao duomg dupe kiem tra thudmg xuyen de cac PHBM dim bao ve sinh, an toan, chit lupng Hing nim nhi trudmg phat dpng GV, HS ty lam dung day hpe de bo sung cho PHBM Thudmg xuyen cap nhit, giai thieu cie TBDH mai de dip iing yeu eiu doi mai phuomg phip day hpc Cie PHBM dupe kit noi mang de GV va HS e6 the tim them tu lieu phuc vu cho cong tic giang day, hpc tap Vdi nhirng uu diem ciia PHBM va phucmg phip quin ly hieu qui, PHBM la mot nhiing giii phip tieh cue phat huy tinh tich eye eiia HS, ting cudmg ning sii dung TBDH eiia GV, thyc hien cd hieu qui viec doi mdi phuang phip giing day a trudmg THPT ndi chung vi trudmg THPT chuyen ndirieng.Chinh vi viy cie CO sdr giio due ein quan tim diu tu xiy dyng vi timg bude chuin boa cae PHBM eac trudmg THPT nhim dip ung mue tieu doi mdi cin bin, toan dien GD&DT Tai lieu tham ichao Nghi dinh s6 68/2005/ ND-CP ngiy 20 thing nam 2005 cua Chinh phu ve an toin hda chit Quylt dinh sl 37/2008/ QD-BGDDT 16 thing • TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC-SO 85-9/2012 07 nam 2008 cua Bp tiirdmg Bp GD&DT ban hinh Quy dinh vl PHBM Thong tir sl 01/2010/ TT-BGDDT 18 thing 01 nim 2010 ciia Bp trudmg B0 GD&DT ban hanh Danh muc TBDH tii thilu cip THPT Thong tir sl 06/2010/ TT-BGDDT 26 thing 02 nim 2010 eiia Bp trudmg Bp GD&DT ve viec ban hanh Quy che cong nhan trudmg THCS, tiirdng THPT va trudmg thong ed nhilu eip hpc dat chuin qude gia Thdng tir sl 38/2011/ TT-BGDDT ngiy 29 tiling nim 2011 cua Bp trudmg Bp GD&DT ban hinh Danh muc tii thilu TBDH mon Vat ly, Hda hpe, Sinh hpc vi Ngoai ngii - Trudng THPT ehuyen Sumary The article "Organization, arrangement and utilization of classrooms for physics, chemistry and biology" desires to discuss with managers at secondary schools in general and specialized secondary schools in particular about some issued related to provide the facilities, teaching equipments in order to enhance the efficiency in using teaching equipments in the renovation of teaching methods which will contribute to improve the quality of education at schools ... CUtJ&U^JG DUNG Anh chin dung cua cic nhi khoa hpc , do: - Ban, ghe cic PHBM Vit ly, Hda hpc va Sinh hpc la loai chuyen dung, dap img dupe eic yeu ciu die thu cua bp mon; Cd he thong dien nudrc,... 29 thing nim 2011 eiia Bp tiirdmg Bp GD&DT ban hinh Danh mue toi thieu TBDH mon Vit ly, Hda hpc, Sinh hpc vi Ngoai ngii - Trudmg THPT ehuyen + Cae TBDH khie phu hop vai yeu cau va die thu cua timg... PHBM thudmg xuyen, sap xep thdri khoa bieu cac mon, lop de eac tiet hpe cac mon Vat ly, Hoa hpc, Sinh hpe dupe hpc or cae PHBM khong triing Nha trudmg phai phin cong mot lanh dao phu trach cong