l l UljM a i A O DUC • D»Y H»C HGHIlN CUU KHOA HOC SO PHAM UNG DUNG, MdT LOAI HiNH NGHIEN ClTU PHU HOP TRONG GIAO DUG O ThS N G 6 V I ^ T S 0 N " 1 Nghldn cffu khoa hqc su phqm ffng dyng (NCKHSPUD) Id[.]
Trang 1HGHIlN CUU KHOA HOC SO PHAM UNG DUNG,
MdT LOAI HiNH NGHIEN ClTU PHU HOP TRONG GIAO DUG
O ThS N G 6 V I ^ T S 0 N "
1 Nghldn cffu khoa hqc su phqm ffng dyng
(NCKHSPUD) Id m f l bql hlnh nghldn cffu frong
gido dye nhdm thyc hifn mft tdc d f n g hodc con
Tdc d f n g hodc can thifp dd cd t h l Id vifc sff
dyng phuong phdp dqy hqc, sdeh gido khoa
(SGK) vfi sff dyng SGK, phuang phdp qudn If vd
h; vd'n chfnh sdch mdl cuo gido vidn, gifing
vidn (GV), cdn b f qudn If (CBQL) gido dye; tdc
d f n g hodc con thifp dd ed t h l Id cdc bifn phdp
hoOc gidl phdp v l mft vdn d l ndo dd cOo cdc
hqc vlgn, sinh vlgn (HV, SV) khi hq thorn glo Idm
d l ldl nghidn cffu khoa hqc hay Ifim cde khod
ludn Idt nghlfp Theo quy hinh NCKHSPUD, ngudi
nghldn cffu (GV, CBQL, HV, SV) sd ddnh gid dnh
hudng cuo Idc dfng mft cdch cd hf thdng bdng
phuong phdp nghldn cffu phO hqp
NCKHSPL/Dld mdt chu frinh Ildn txfc tlln frlln
Chu hinh ndy bdl ddu bdng vifc ngudi nghign
cffu (NNC) quon sdl thd'y cd cdc vd'n d l trong
Idp hqe, trudng hqe hodc frong gido dye d mft
djo phuang hay trong todn ngdnh gido dye
Nhung vdn d l dd khiln hq nghT d i n cdc gidl
phdp may t h l nhdm cdl thifn hifn trqng [NNC
phdl tham khda nhliu ngudn thdng tin, ddng
thdi, phdl sdng tgo tim klim vd xdy dt/ng gldl
phdp mdl thoy thl) Tllp dd, N N C thff/khdo
nghlfm nhffng gldl phdp thay t h l ndy trong
phqm vi nghign cuu vd sou khi thff/khdo nghlfm,
N N C l i l n ndnh kilm chffng d/i xem nhffng gldl
phdp thoy t h l ndy cd hifu qud hov khdng - NNC
phdl blit van dt/ng cdc pht/ang pndp chudn mt/c
diddnh gid tde d^ng m^t cdch hl$u qud Ddy
chfnh Id budc cudi cOng cOa chu trtnh suyngnT
-> ^i//khda nghl$m - > kiim cht>ng
Vifc hodn thifn mft chu frinh suynghT-> tht}/
khdo nghlim - > klim chting frong NCKHSPL/D
glOp N N C phdl hifn duqc nhffng vdn d l mdl
nhu: - Cdc kit qud tdt h£il mffe ndo; - Chuyfn gl
xdy ro n l u tiln hdnh thay ddl nhd d chS ndy hoy
eho khdc; - Lifu cd cdcn gidl quylt thO vj hay
hifu qud hon khdng;
NCKHSPUD l i l p diSn khdng ngffng vd dudng nhu khdng ed kit thffc D i l u ndy ldm cho nd hd ndn thu vj N N C thorn glo NCKHSPUD cd i h l lidn tye Idm cho cfing vifc cOa mlnh h ^ Idn cudn hOt vfi hifu qud hon Kit thOc mdl NCKHSPUD nfiy Id khdl ddu mdt NCKHSPUD mdl
0 1 khdng djnh v l y nghto vd tfnh cdp thlH cOo NCKHSPUD • mft b g l hlnh nghidn cffu phO hqp frong ngdnh gido dye Vift N a m , dang cdn
mft y kiln sou: « f tudng vi NCKHSPUD Id cddi
tdt nhdt di xdc dfnh vd dliu tra nhung vdn d l gido dt/c tgl chinh not vdn di ddjaj^hl$n Thdng qua vi$e tht/c hl$n NCKHSPUD vdo bdl ednh ndy
vd di nhdng ngudi dang hogt d^ng frong tndi trudng dd ^gm gia vdo cde hogt a^ng nghlin
hJc vd vdn di sS duge gldl quydt nhanh ban'
(Guskey.T.R; (2000) Ddnh gid phdt triin cbuftn
mdn, Thousand Oaks, CA: NXB Corvrfn) ( 1 ; 12)
2 Khi ndl d i n NCKHSPLA), ngodl vifc hllu
v l U>di nifm, jr nghla d l djnh hufing suy nghr vfi
h?o y tudng, N N C cdn nam vffng quy hinh vd phuong phdp NCKHSPUD
Phuong phdp NCKHSPUD thidn v l nghidn oju djnh luqng d l nhin nhdn Iql qud frinh myc hifn
phdn Kch d l ddnh gid ede hoql d f n g mdt cdoi
nf thdng vd nfing lyc fruyin dql kit qud nghifin cffu d i n nhffng ngudi ra quvit (^nh hodc nhOng ngudi quan tfim Vlfe ngnlgn cffu djnh luqng dudi dqng sd llfu cd t h l duqc gidi nghlo mj^f cdch rd rdng, dilu ndy glOp ngudi dqc hllu ro hon v l ndl dung vd kit qud nghign cffu; nd giOp
N N C duqc tdp duqt mdt cdch hf thdng v l kr nfing gldl quylt vdn d l , phdn Kch vfi ddnh gifi mft vdn de ndo dd, hon nffo, cdng vifc frong thing
Nghign cffu djnh luqng dudi dqng sfi lifu Id dilu kifn d l N N C cd t h l vdn dyng cdc hdm frong
#
* P M I K Q H I If JAoalfc - Ht^c vi(i qnii li jiio d|c
Tap Ghi filao due so 2 9 7 (ki i - n/aoig)
Trang 2lifu mft cdch khoo hqc
Vidl/: 1) Cdc Iham sdlhdng ki lhihl$n «muc
dd tdp trung cOa dO / / f w ' ed hdm:
a) Mdt [= Modelnumber 1, number 2, ,number
n)l - gid frj cd tdn sudt xudt hifn nhllu nhdt frong
mfit dfiy dllm sd; b) Tnjng vj [- Medlan(number 1,
number 2, ,number n)] - dilm ndm d vj tri giffa
frong day dilm sd x ^ iheo thff h/; e) Gid trf tnjng
binh [= Avercige{number 1, number 2, ,number
n)] - dilm frung binh cfng cOa cdc diim sd
2} Tham sd thd'ng ki thi /i/f n Kmt/c d^
phdn tdn cua dO //$u'xung quonh gid frj trung
binh cd hdm dd lich chudn • Sldev(number 1,
number 2, , number n)
3} Khi tcso sdnh sdnh dO U^u' nhdm gidl
quyll cdu hdl: Kit qud cOo cdc nhdm cd khdc
nhau khfing vd sy khdc nhou d'y cd y nghTa hay
khdng, NNC sd dOng phdp kilm chffng t-test (vdl
dff lifu Ildn h^c) P = l-testjarroy 1, array 2, hall,
tyjse) hofie dOng phdp kilm chffng Khi binh
phuang (vdi sd lifu rdi rqc) - Knh gid hj Kht binh
phuang bdng cfing ey Knh Khi binh phuong theo
djo cht: http://people.kv.edu/~preacher/chlsq/
ehlsq/hhn
4) Di xem xit mdl liin h$ glOa 2 du Iliu
cdng m$t nhdm, NNC sff dyng «Hf sd hrong
quan Pearson* r = correl(array 1, array 2)
5) Di bill muc d^ dnh hudng sau tdc ddng
Idn nhu thl ndo, cd cdng thffc «dd Ifin cuo chdnh
Idch gid frj frung binh' SMD = (Gifi frj TB nhdm
thyc nghldm - Gid frj TB nhdm ddl chffng)/Dfi
lfch ehudn nhdm dfi'l chffng
V l quy frinh, NCKHSPUD dfi duqc mfi td mot
cdch ludng mlnh theo 7 bude: 1) Ldm ro hifn
frqng vdn d l mlnh quan tdm, h> dd llm ro cdc
hqn ehl, xdc djnh cdc nguydn nhdn vd mdt ldl
khuydn: NNC khdng ndn hi vqng gldl quylt hit
cde nguydn nhdn dd, chi ndn ehqn nguydn nhfin
mfi minh c6 t h l tdc ddng duqc; 2) Cnl ra gldl
phdp thoy t h l - hudc ndy yiu edu NNC pndl
tieh Iffy cdc thdng Kn, Ildn hf vdl cdc vi dy dfi
duqc thyc hifn thdnh cdng di ed t h l dp dyng
vdo Knh huong hifn tg\; 3) Xfiy dyng duqc vd'n
d l nghidn cffu - dfiy chfnh Id md'u chdt mfi NNC
theo dudi, thff/khdo nghifm vd kilm chffng Nd
duoc t h l hifn dudi dqng cdu hdl nghidn cffu vd
gid t h i ^ t nghidn cffu; 4) Lya ehqn thill k l phu
hop de thu nhdp dv li$u ddng Kn cdy vd cd gid
frj - ddy Id mdl hoql dfng rfil quan frqng, nd
t h l hldn tinh djnh luqng, nd djnh hudng cdch
Tap chi Glao tiyc $6 2 9 7 (id i 11/2012)
tfch eye, phO hqp; 5) Xfiy dyng cfing cy do lufing
vd thu thdp dff llfu - trong NCKHSPUD gldl thifu
5 thilt k l , ehqn thilt k l ndo h/ong thfch Id do NNC lya ehqn Trong do ludng vd ihu thdp dff
llfu, NNC phdl dyo vdo vd'n di nghldn cffu,
khfing do ludng vd thu thdp efic dff Tifu khdng Ildn quon din vd'n d l nghldn cffu, khfing do lufing vd thu thdp cdc dff llfu khdng Hn cdy node khdng ed gid trj; d) Phdn tfch cde dff llfu - d dfiy NNC sd dOng kit qufi dff llfu d l gldi thfch
vd trd Idl ede cdu hdi nghldn cffu; 7) Bdo cdo kit qud nghldn cffu - NNC phdl duo ro cdc efiu frd Idl eho efiu hdl nghidn cffu Duo ro cdc kit lufin vfi kiln nghj sff dyng kit qud nghldn effu hoy kiln nghj phdt frlln nghldn effu
3 Hfl nghj tdng kit hoqt dfng khoo hqc vd cfing nghf (KH-CN) glol doqn 200d-2010 vd djnh
hudng phdt hiln 5 nfim 2011-2015 khdl khoo
hqc gido dye (thfing 10/2010), frong phdn ddnh gid oiung, dfi chf ro 17 diem hqn ehl, mft frong
17 dllm hqn ehl ndy Id: «Khdng it cdc di tdl khoa hge gido dt/c cdn mang tinh hdn Idm, nin hliu aud ung dt/ng vdo tht/c tiin gido di/c cdn hgn chi' (2; 17) V l dinh hudng phdt friln
KH-CN 2011 -2015 dfi'l vdi khdl khoa hqc gido dye,
dd cd doqn khdng dinh: «Ddymgnh ede nghiin eifu ung d\/ng vdo sdn xudt, ddi sd'ng, ddc blit Id ede nghlen eihi ehuyen glao vi khoa hgc gido di/c vdo tht/c tien cdc trudng phd thdng" (2; 19)
Trudc ydu edu doi mdl cfin bfin, tofin didn nen gido dye Vift Nam vdl gldi phdp dft phfi:
ddl mdl qudn ligido dt/c, Bfi GD-DT dfi ed Quyll
djnh sd 382/QD-BGDDT, ngdy 20/01 /2012 v l vifc ban hdnh cdc chuang frinh boi dudng CBQL gido dye Theo dd, frong efic chuong frinh diu ddnh mdt thdi luong n h ^ dinh cho vifc bdl dudng
vd troo ddl v l SiCKHSPUD
NCKHSPUD chfnh Id mqt gldl phdp thyc l l vd phij hqp nhdm khdc phyc yiu kdm trong hoqt dfng nghidn cffu khoo hqc hldn nay tqi cdc eo sd gido dye; hoqt dfing nfiy sd gfip phdn ddp dfip ffng ckrqc dnh hv5ng dhilh luqc phdt hiln gido dye, djnh
hudng chlln luqc phdt tdn KHCN giai doqn 2011
-2020 mdi duqc Thu tudng Chfnh phff phd duyfl:
« f/iyc hl^ t& chuyin giao cdc k^ qud n^lin cdu khoa hge vd dng dt/ng phi/c vt/ ddl mdl cdn ton Todn dlin nin gido d^ Vlet Nam " {3);
« N^lin ci3u dng dt/ng khoa hge vd cdng n^i$ trong ode ngdnh, Ah/i vyc, vung^af^uang '{4)
(Xem tlip trang 33}
^
Trang 3ihdng tin phong phu d l G V xdy di/ng THXP Dt/a
vdo flnh hudng thi/c t l cua HS trong cudc sd'ng
hSng ngdv de xdy di/ng THXP s3 mang Iqi si/
hung thu cno HS frong aud trtnh hqc tdp vl nhOng
tlnhliud'ng duqc xdy di/ng hit si>c quen thudc
frong cu§c sdng hdng ngdy cOa HS
Vf dy: Khi dqy bdl 5: «Gff quan tiiu hda"
(Ty nhifin-Xa h^i 2], d l Hm hieu dudng dl cua ihOc
dn frong dng Hfiu hda vd tfin cOa cdc co quon Hfiu
hda, GV cd ihl dua ra THXP dya vdo vdn sdng cOa
HS nhir mdt m$t HS Ifin bdng dn m$l chile bdnh
quy, sou dd cho udng 1 cdc nude Iqc T l ^ din G V
d a CHNVD: Theo em, bdn/i quy wi nude 50uiy)/Mio
mling cua tqn A sS <j ddu? Ti> ddy, GV y6u odu HS
ve vdo vd thf nghifim nhOng suy nghT cOa mlnh v l
dudng dl cOa bdnh vd nude Irong ^ tifiu hda Bdi
hqc sB tllp tye vdf cdc budc cdn Iql cOa PP BTNB
THXP vd C H N V D Id mdt budc khdl ddu quan
frqng d l dqv cdc mdn KH d tllu hqc theo PP
BTNB Nfi'u Ihyc hi$n td'l budc ndy se kfeh thfch
HS cd nhu cdu khdm phd, Hm kllm cdc phuemg
dn gidi quylt vd'n d i do G V ddt ra khi cdc em
cdm thdy vdn d l dd cd y nghTa, cdn thifi't cho
mlnh vd cdc em thdt sy cd nhu cdu Hm hifi'u,
glol quyll nd Vl vdy, d l dqy hqc bdng PP BTNB,
GV cdn dua ra duqc vd'n d l (cdu hdl), THXP
pho hop, hrang thfch vdi Irlnh do nhdn ihi/c cuo
cdu tim hllu hqp If se gdp phdn thOc ddy vi$c dqy hqc bdng PP BTNB thdnh cdng, glup HS
phdt trlln tu duy logic, frf tudng h/qng, ngdn
ngQ vd bdl duang cho cdc em Hnh yfiu, nllm say mS khoa hqc,Ichdm phd frl fhuc.Q
T&i llfu tham khtlo
1 Ptittong pltdp bdn lay ndn bdt ung dfing vdo dgy /ipc mdn Klioa h(>c d trudng tigu /ipc Vl(t Nam
(TM li^u t9p hu£[n duqc so^n thio phtfi hqp giOa Vy Tiiu h9C - BO GD-DT v& HOi Gjp go Vi$t Nam)
2 T&i li$u hOi thSo giSng d^y khoa h(?c trong trudng
2010, 5/2011
3 Tg nhien vft Xfi hOI 1, 2, 3 NXB Gido dftc Vift
Nam H.2010
4 Khoa hpc 4 , 5 NXB Gido d{tc H 2005
5 http://lamapvietnafn.edu.vn
SUMMARY
'Hanc&-on'method k a scientific teac^^ method, conducted on the basis of Inquiring or researching The initiating situation and starting question are important first steps of the 'Hands-on' mettiod to stimulate stu-dents'interests In acquiring new knowledge, fiinlntliat-Ing situation accompanied by a reasonable quesHon will critically contribute to the success of the
'Hands-on ' teaching method Based 'Hands-on the analysis of popu-lar mistakes by the teachers in developing Initiating situations, the article offers some suggestions to the t&actiers in preparing for Initiating situations
Nghlen cihi khoa hoc sir pham
(Tldp theo tang 13)
NCKHSPUD khdng chf Id cdng v i ^ cOo nhung
nhd nghifin ei>u gido dye md dd td thdnh edng
vific thudng xuyfin cOa gido vlfin, CBQL 6 cdc
nude frongldiu vyc nhu: Tmng Qudc, Singapore,
Thdi Lan (l).«Hoq/ dgng NCKHSPUD Id m^t
phdn trong qud tinh phdt tidn ehuyin mdn ct}a
gido viin, cdn bg qudn li gido dt/c trong thd kl
XXI Vdl NCKHSPUD, gido vlin, CBQL gido dt/c
si Ah/j h$i cdc krndna mdi vi tim hidu thdng tin,
gidi quydt vdn de, nhin Igl qud tinh, glao tldp
vd hgp Idc" {];U).U
(1) Diftiti Vi$t Bi, BO GD&DT Nghifin cihi khoa hpc
sirph^m ling di^ng NXB Dgi liQC suphgm; H 3/2010
(2) BO GD-DT Ki yfiu HOi nghi t<ing ktft ho^t dOng
khoa hpc vJt cOng ngh$ giai do^n 2006-2010 v^ djnh
hmJng phSt triin 5 nSm 2011-2015 khtfi khoa hpc
gifio dvc, thfing 10/2010
Tgp d l i Slao due s6 2 9 7 (ki i • n/aoiai
(3) Thu tudng Chinh phii Quytft d(nh stf 711/QD-TTg, ngiy 01/6/2012 phe duy^l Chi^n luqc phfit tri^n gifio dye 2011-2020
(4) Thu tudng Chinh phu Quytft djnh s6
418/QD-TTg, ng^y 11/4/2012 phfi duy$t Chi^n lupc phfit tri^n khoa hpc v^ cOng ngh$ giai dofin 2011-2020 TAi li$u tham khdo
1 VQ Cao D^m Phuvng phfip lu$n nghifin a h i khoa
hpc (xu^t b&n ifin thii 13, cd chlnh li b6 sung) NXB
Khoa hQC vd kl thu^l H 2005
2 BO GD-DT Kl ytfu HOi thio qutfc gia vfi khoa hpc gifio dye Vift Nam, thfing 2/2011
SUMMAItY
Today, tie pedagogical scientific applications research Is not only the wori( of the education that It has become the regular wori< of the teachers and educational administrators; It has to be Ihe authority
In the education sector in Vietnam teaching and fos-tering students 'Faculty of management and staff of management education In addition to talking cOxiut the meaning of scientific research In education, this proems of f:>edagoglcal science r^eard^ appkxittons
#