^a^H? TAP CHi KHOA HOC QUAN LY GlAO DMC IZ "!^ 36 02)2014 DAY M A N H HOAT DONG NGHIEN CLPU KHOA HOC SU" PHAM U''''NG DUNG GOP PHAN PHAT TRI^N NANG LU''''C DOI NGU NHA GIAO T R A N THANH NGUYEN" LE KiNH THA[.]
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TAP CHi KHOA HOC QUAN LY GlAO DMC IZ."!^ 36 02)2014 DAY M A N H HOAT DONG NGHIEN CLPU KHOA HOC SU" PHAM U'NG DUNG GOP PHAN PHAT TRI^N NANG LU'C DOI NGU NHA GIAO T R A N THANH NGUYEN" LE KiNH THANG " hien nay, co t h i noi, sdng kiln kinh nghilm TAT nhd trydng da khdng du sdc dem din NgtiiSn ciru khoa hpc sw ph^tn img dung nhyng cai tiln that sy cd tinh dpt phd; chu'a la mot lo^i hinh nghiSn ciiu nhim thu-c hiSn k l den nhOng han chl, tieu cye nhy: nhOng mpt tac d0ng hoac can thiep sw ph^m vd suy luan thydng mang tinh chlj quan, nhilu cfdn/7 gici ^nh hwong cua no giao dijc d l tdi viet so sai, rdp khudn, chep, mi De phat triin nang lpc ddi ngu nhA giao ddp thye t l Id ehi de phge vg xet thi dua Do do, img ySu ciu cita doi mdi giao dpc, can thay da din lgc ngdnh gido dgc phai thay thi viJc the Viet sAng kiin ktnh nghidm bing nghiSn thyc hidn sang kiln kinh nghidm niia ciru khoa hoc sw ph^m Ung dpng va diy trydng bang mot boat dong nghien ciiu manh mot so giai phAp nhw: NSng cao nhSn khdch qgan, khoa hpc, mang tinh yng dgng thirc vi nhiSm vu nghiSn ciru khoa hoc; xay thye tien cao hon Dd la nghien cyu khoa dpng cSc quy che, quy djnh; boi dwong nang hpc sy pham yng dgng (Action Research in Iwc nghien cUu khoa hpc cho doi ngO nhA Education) giSo; gin nghiSn ciru khoa ht?c v&i thwc tien 1, VAl NET v e NGHIEN Cl/U KHOA HpC giao dpc; tang cuang kiim tra, kiem soil; trang bi ca so vSt chit, ky thuat; thwc hiSn tot SU PHAM LfNG DIJNG cSc CO chi, chinh sSch doi v&i nghien ciru Mdc dD nghien cdu khoa hpc giSo khoa hpc nha tru&ng dgc da dupc d l cap ty rlt sdm cdc BAT VAN Ofe cdng trinh cOa Aristotle, Galileo hay Newton nhyng ngydi dig tien xem xet mpt each h| Nghien cdu khoa hpc Id mpt nhu cau tit thing phai k l din nhd khoa hpc My John yeu cua moi nha giao de cap nhat kiln thyc, Dewey (1859 - 1952) va ngydi ddt nln tang phdt triln nang lyc theo yeu cau eua ehuIn nghi nghiep, dap yng yeu edu doi mdi vd thyc sy cho nghien cyu khoa hpc sy pham yng dung Id Kurt Lewin (1890-1947) Nhung ndng cao ehat lyong gido due Td trydc din phai budc sang t h i ky XX nghidn cyu khoa nay, hoat dpng nghien cyu khoa hpc hoc sy pham yng dung mdi dypc dp dgng nha trydng chu ylu thyc hien dudi hinh thye rpng rai vd phat triln manh me vdi nhftng sang kiln kinh nghiem Bd la nhUng kinh nghidn eyu eua Boone (1904), Buckingham nghiem, giai phap v l quan ly, v l nghiep vu, (1926), Lewin (1942, 1944, 1946), Collier ky thudt, cua cd nhan hoac nhom da dyoc (1963), Bain (1979), Ebbutt (1985), Hopkins dp dgng, thy nghiem cong tai co sd, (1985), Elliott (1991) dem lai lpi ieh thilt thye cdng viec Tuy TOM nhien, trudc yeu clu ciJa dli mdi gido due " ^ ^ ^'- ^""^ ' ^ ' * * * " ^ ^° * = TliSnh Ho Chi Minh '"'Tien ST Trudng ph6ng Bdo t9o Trying Dai hoc Dong Nai TRAN THANH NGUYEN, LE KINH THANG 6" Vipt Nam, nam 2007, dugc sy ddng y va phoi hgp cua Bg Gido dye vd Ddo tao, dy dn Vidt - Bi da tgp huln vd trien khai phuang phdp nghien ciru khoa hpc su phgm irng dung eho gido vien vd can bp qudn ly cua 14 tinh thdnh miln nQi phia Bae Tir nam 2009 din nay, Bp Gido dye vd Ddo tgo dd dp dyng, trien khai phuang phdp nghien cuu khoa hpc ndy din t i t ca cdc cap hge, bdc hpe trdn ed nudc Nghidn edu khoa hpc su phgm ung dyng Id mOt logi hinh nghidn ciru nhlm thye hign mpt tde dOng hodc ean thipp su phgm vd ddnh gld anh hudng cua nd giao dye & ddy, ngudi nghien ciru vira phai tien hdnh thyc nghiem, vira phai kiem chung kit qua vd ddnh gid dnh hudng cua nd d l quyit djnh xem cd nen su dyng vd biln tdc dpng, can thipp dd hay khdng Vdi mdt quy trinh chdt ehd cd sy h i trp cua cdc cdng cy thong ke, md ta, nghien edu khoa hpc su phgm ung dyng glQp eho ngudi nghien euu cd ca sd chinh xde han phan tich, danh gid vd gidt thieh rd rang kit qua nghidn edu Vdi tinh dng dyng, tinh quy chudn cao vd dgc bipt Id su- dyng cdng nghp thdng tin nghidn cdu, nghien ciru khoa hgc su phgm ung dyng triln khai se dem din nhieu Igi ich: Tgo hg thing tu eua gido vien vdi nhu'ng dde diem qidi quyet vdn de mang tinh chuyen nghipp dd hudng tdi sy phdt triln cua trudng - Tdng eudng ndng lyc giai quyit vdn d l vd dua quyet djnh ehuydn mdn vi nghidn ciru khoa hge su phgm dng dyng dua cdu trd Idi chinh xde eho vipc quyet dinh - Hd trg nguydn tie nhin Igi qud trinh va ty ddnh gid cdng ddng gido vien - Truyin tai dgng lyc vd sy cam kit khong ngdng tiln bg - Tdc dgng tryc tilp len vi^e giang dgy, hgc tdp vd quan ly - Tang eudng kha nang phdt trien ehuydn mdn cua gido vidn Gido vien tidn hdnh nghidn cdu khoa hoe su phgm dng dyng se tilp nhan cdc ly thuylt mdi, su sdng tgo va chuang vdi thdi dp tich cyc (Bd Gido duc vd Odo tgo, 2009, tr 4) Nhu vdy, cd thd khing djnh vide dly manh hoat dgng nghien cuu khoa hge su phgm ung dyng nhd trudng se gop phan phdt triln nang lyc cua dpi ngu nhd giao, dap ung yeu clu ddi mdi cdn ban, toan dien nln gido dye ddt nudc MOT S6 GlAl PHAP D A Y MANH HOAT DONG NGHIEN CLfU KHOA HOC SU* PHAM LFNG DUNG GOP PHAN PHAT T R I I N NANG LU'C DOI NGU N H A G I A O 3.1 Nang cao nhdn thu'c vd nhiem vu nghien ciru khoa hgc Nhu da ndi tren, nghien cuu khoa hpc Id mpt nhu cau tat yeu cua moi nha giao nhung cQng Id mpt nhigm vy dugc quy dinh nhilu van ban nhu: Lugt Giao dye (Oilu 18), Didu Id trudng trung hpc ea sd, trudng trung hgc phd thdng vd trudng phd thdng cd nhilu elp hgc (Dilu 31) Tuy nhien, khdng phai gido vien nao cung nhgn thuc ro v l dilu ndy I^dt khde, dp lye eua ndi dung, chuang trinh, ehit lugng dgy hpe nhd trudng hien dd khidn edc thdy, cd giao khdng cdn thdi gian d l nghT ddn vide nghien cuu; chua ke nhilu rao can khde nhu: sg khdng du nang lyc, nggi t i n kdm, thdi quen, sue y, Vi vdy, trudc hit cdn qudn tridt eho ede thly, cd gido hilu mue tieu chung nhdt cua nghien cuu khoa hgc nhd trudng chinh Id nhdm nang cao ehdt lupng day vd hpc Day la mdt mye tieu kep: ndng cao chit luang khdng chl eho ngudi hpc md cdn eho ngudi day Nhdn thirc, nghTa Id nhdn va hieu rd vdn d l nhu t h i se giup eho moi thly, cd gido ty gidc, tieh eye, quyit tam vugt qua cdc khd khdn, rao can dk dd dang thyc hidn tdt nhidm vy nghien cuu khoa hgc Nhdt Id, vdi nghien cuu khoa hgc su pham ung dyng TAP CHl KHOA HOC QUAN LY GlAO DUC gido vien cd t h i nghidn cdu ty nhdng van de nho, gin gOi Idp hpc, trydng hoc; nghidn cdu m|t thdi gian ngln; bdo cdo trinh bdy ngln gpn, ro rdng; quy trinh va kit qua dypc lypng hoa cg t h i vd dyoc kilm chdng bdng nhdng cdng cg khoa hpc; san phlm nghidn edu ludn dam bao tinh dng dgng thyc tiSn 3.2 Xay dyng cdc quy chl, quy djnh v l nghien cdu khoa hpc nha tryong S6 0212014 nhan elp tinh trd Idn d l i vdi cdc de tSi nghien eyg khoa hpe sy pham dng dgng? 3.3 BAI dydng nang lyc nghien cdu khoa hpc cho dpi ngu nha giao Trong thye t l , rdp can Idn nhlt doi vdi tdng gido vien thyc hidn mOt de tii nghidn cdu khoa hpc chinh la sy e ngai khong dO nang lyc nghien cdg Can giiip cho moi gido vien vypi qga dypc rao can ndy bing dydng boi dydng cho hp nhirng Hi#n nay, nhd trydng hlu nhy ede kiln thdc vd ky ndng nghien edg khoa hoc quy chl, quy dinh cho tffng boat dpng dd Day khdng ehi Id giai phdp dem din sy ty tin dypc thiet ldp Bd Id he thing vdn ban co md c6n Id cong cg tot nhat d l giup mli giao quan quan ly cap tren hoac ehinh nha vien c6 t h i nghien cdg, giai qgylt dypc cSc trydng ban hanh Cac quy djnh khdng v i n de khd khdn cQa thye t l day vd hpc Vl chi djnh hydng cho cdng vide md t h i v i n d l ndy, cdc tac gia Rawlinson & Little hi§n sy cdng khai, minh bach, ban chl sy (2004) dd khing djnh: "Vdi nghien cdu khoa tOy tien cua cd nhdn Nghien cdu khoa hpc hpc sy pham dng dgng, gido vien se llnh hOi sy pham dng dgng nhd trydng eQng cdc ky ndng mdi ve tim hilu thong tin, giai cin CO nhdng qgy djnh nhy vdy Vide xay qgylt v i n d l , nhin lai qga trinh, giao tilp vS dyng ke hoach triln khai boat ddng nghidn hpp tdc Trong qgd trtnh nghien eyg khoa cdg khoa hpc sy pham dng dgng, vide ban hpc yng dgng, nhyng nhd gido dgc nghidn hdnh cdc qgy chl, quy djnh v l nghien cdu edg kha nang hpc tap cOa hpc sinh mli khca hpe nhd trydng vd ede ehinh lien hp vdi phyang phdp giang day QgS sdch kdm theo se cd tde dgng thgo dly hoat trinh ndy chp phep nhdng ngudi Idm gido dpng nghidn cdg khoa hpc sy pham dng dge hilu ban v l phyong phdp sy pham cOa dgng, gop phan phdt triln nang lyc dpi ngO minh vd tiep tge gidm sat qud trinh tiln b$ nhd giao cua hpc sinh" (Bp Gido dge vd Bdo tao, 2013, tr 3) Co t h i khing djnh tdp huln Trong thyc te, ede qgy chl, qgy djnh nghidn cdg khoa hpe sy pham dng dgng Id dp dgng vdo cong viec vin cd nhdng ke hd, cdch t i t nhlt d l phdt trien ndng lyc nghidn td CO the sinh tlnh trang chilg lp, edu khoa hpe cho gido vidn chdm trd, tieu cyc Cho nen eung cin phai thilt lap mpt CO che dam bao cho vipc thyc 3.4 Triln khai cac ho^t dpng nghien cdg gdn vdi thu'c tidn giao due thi cdc hoat dpng Chlng ban, sy kiem tra, don doc cua ngydi cd trdeh nhidm; vide gidm Bit cd mOt k l hoaeh ndo muln di vdo sdt thydng xgydn cOa cde t l ehde nha thyc tien diu phai trai qua cong doan triln trydng; bdo cdo djnh ky tiln d | thyc hi^n, khai thye hidn Bdy chinh Id byde quan v.v trpng nhlt d l quyit djnh mdc dO thdnh eong B l that sy dly manh hoat d$ng nghien eOa k l hoaeh Nhyng thye t l ddy cOng IS cdg khoa hpc cua nhd gido, ndn chdng edc khdu ICing tdng nhat thyc hi$n d eo sd Sd Gido dge vd Ddo tao ein quy djnh mOt l | Thong thydng, cdc bipn phdp cin lam df trinh tiln din loai bo hln sdng kiln khoa hpc dam bao cho sy thdnh cdng cOa mpt k^ trcng nhd trydng, ho#c chi xem xet cdng hoaeh Id: thdnh lap ban chi dao, bien k( T R A N THANH NGUYEN, L^ KINH T H A N G sodt cua hipu trudng, ty kiem sodt cua moi cd nhdn, gidm sdt cua cdc t l chuyen mdn nhd trudng nhdm dam bao tiln dO vd chat lugng thye hipn d l tai D l i vdl nghidn cuu khoa hpc su phgm ung dyng, kilm tra, kilm sodt cdn giup cho ngudi nghidn cuu dam bao dung quy trinh, lya ehpn thilt ke v l mat ndy, nghidn ciru khoa hpc su phQ hgp, thu thdp dO" lidu ddng tin cay, thong phgm dng dyng td cd uu thi Trong ke, ludng cd y nghTa nghien cuu khoa hpe su phgm dng dyng 3.6 Trang bj cac phuang tien co> sd> vgt ngudi nghidn edu phai thye hidn theo mdt ehu trinh khep kin: Suy nghT - Thu nghipm chdt, ky thugt Kidm chQ'ng, tuang ung vdi bude eua quy Trong nghidn ciru khoa hpc cd nhung d l i trinh nghien cuu: 1) Xde djnh hien trgng; 2) tugng nghidn euu md kit qud eua nd khdng Tim kilm giai phap thay thi; 3) Oua v i n t h i suy ludn theo chu quan, khdng thi udc d l nghien euu; 4) Lua chgn thilt k l nghidn lupng theo cam tinh, khdng t h i ludng bdi cdu; 5) Do ludng; 6) Phdn tich; 7) Ket ludn mlt trln md phai bdng nhdng phuang ti^n Vdi mgt quy trinh nhu vdy, nghidn cdu khoa ky thudt hi$n dgi Trong nghidn cdu khoa hgc hpc su pham irng dyng ludn gan chdt vdi su phgm dng dyng cOng vdy, ngudi nghien thyc tien gido dye, mang tinh irng dyng cao cdu phdi tiln hdnh thye nghipm; kilm ehdng 3.5 Tang cirdng kilm tra, kilm soat hogt dg tin cgy, d$ gid tq eua du lieu; sir dung ede dgng nghien CCPU khoa hgc edng ey thing kd, ludng mdy hogch, phan cdng nhipm vy, phdt ddng thi dua, thye hi^n, kilm tra, ddnh gid, xIp logi, v.v Vd quan trpng Id, tirng bi0n phap dd phdi l l y hi0u qua dng dyng thyc tiln Idm tieu chi chu yeu de ddnh gid chat lugng dat dugc cua cdng vide Kiem tra Id vipc lam thudng xuyen bit cd mgt edng dogn ndo nhung kilm tra cung phai dupe xem Id mdt nhidm vy ridng bidt d l thyc hien ehde ndng cua nhd quan ly Kilm tra trudc hit Id d l kilm scat k l hoach, myc tidu triln khai thye t l dd dgt dupe din ddu; tu dd cd thd cd nhO'ng ean thipp kjp thdi Vdi y nghTa dd, kidm tra vua id tien de vira Id bi^n phdp d l dam bao thyc hi^n tdt cde hogt dpng tinh, cho ndn khdng thd thieu ede phuang tign thilt bj toi thilu Vd ban chat md noi, mOt cdng trinh nghien cuu khoa hpc khd cd the dgt dupc nhdng kit qua gid tn nlu khdng cd sy ho trp cua cde phuang tipn vat chit, ky thudt Vi vdy, trang bj ede phudng tipn ca sd vdt chit, ky thudt hi$n dai nghien euu khoa hpc se giup eho ngudi nghien ciru trdnh dupc loi suy ludn ehu quan, thong kd dan gidn, tinh todn thd sa de xay nhu-ng sai sdt, nhlm lln Cd t h i ndi, mpt nhO'ng nguydn nhdn khiln hogt dpng nghidn euu khoa hge thdi gian qua cdn nhilu y l u kdm ehinh Id su 3.7 Thuc hi#n tdt co* chl, chinh sach ddi voi budng Idng quan ly, thieu kilm tra, ddn ddc hoat dong nghien ciju khoa hoc thyc hi$n Thdng thudng k l hogch dugc phi Nlu cde phuang tign ca sd vgt chit, k? biln td d i u ndm hgc vd d l tdi eOng dd dugc thudt cd vai trd tgo dieu kipn cho nghien edu ddng ky nhung mdi den culi ndm hpc, khoa hpc dgt hi^u qua cao nhlt thi vigc thye gan hit thdi hgn, gido vidn mdi thyc hien hign tdt cde ea chl, chinh sdch chinh Id de mpt cdch vpi vdng VI vdy, dk dly mgnh hoat tgo dOng lyc, dpng vidn, khleh Ig nhd gido ddng nghien cuu khoa hgc, ein tdng eudng tieh cue tham gia nghidn euu khoa hpc edng tde kilm tra, kiem sodt (thudng xuyen Dgng lye Id nhung tdc dgng cd gid trj thiie hodc djnh ky); ndng cao trdch nhi^m kilm TAP CHl KHOA HOC QUAN LY GlAODUC dly thdi dO, hanh vi cua ed nhan, bit nguon td nhu edu npi tai cua moi cd nhan va thOc ddy cd nhan hanh dpng d l thda man nhu cau Tao dpng lyc Id mpt bien phdp eua nha quan ly ddp dng cde nhu elu ca nhdn nhlm hoan cdng viec mpt each tit nhlt B l dly manh boat dpng nghien cdu khoa hpc sy pham dng dung, bdn canh cdc bipn phdp noi trdn, cin co nhdng chinh sdch thda dang nhy: ho trp kinh phi nghien cdg, dng dung kit qua nghien cdu, khen thydng, d l bat, v.v K6T LUAN Dilu le trudng trgng hpe ea sd, trydng trung hpc phi thong vd trydng phi thong co nhilu elp hpc (ban hdnh kem theo Thdng ty s l 12/2011/TT-BGDDT ngdy 28/3/2011 cua Bp trydng Bp Gido dgc vd Dao tao) dd xac dinh mpt cdc nhiem vg ega giao vien Id "tham gia nghien cdu khoa hpc sy pham dng dung"; Nghi quyet 29-NQ/TW 04/11/2013 eua Ban Chip hanh Trung yang v l dli mdi can ban, todn dien gido due va ddo tao, ddp dng yeu clu cong nghiep hda, hien dai hoa dieu kien kinh t l thj trydng djnh hydng xa hpi chu nghTa vd hpi nhap quoe t l cung da xde djnh mpt nhiem vg, giai phdp d l dpi mdi cdn ban, toan dien gido dgc va ddo tao Id "Ndng cao chat lypng, hipu qua nghien cdu va dng dgng khoa hpc, cdng nghe, dac biet Id khoa hpc giac dgc va khoa hoe quan ly" Nhy vay, cae nhd quan ly gido dgc va mdi nhd gido phai xem vipc nghien cdg khoa hpc sy pham dng dgng Id mpt nhiem vg trpng ylu d l phdt trien ndng lyc ehgydn mdn, ndng cao chit lypng gido dgc gdp phdn thyc hien cong nhiem vg "Dli mdi cdn ban, toan dipn gido due vd dao tao" theo tinh thin Nghj quyet Dai hpi XI cua Dang TAI LIEU THAM K H A O Ban Chap hdnh Trung yang Dang Cpng san Viet Nam (2013), Nghi quyet s6 29- 86 02/2014 NQfTW 04 thdng 11 ndm 2013 v l doi mdi can ban, tpdn dien gido dgc vd ddo tgo, ddp dng yeu elg eong nghidp hda, hipn dai hda dilg kien kinh t l thi trydng djnii hydng xa hpi ehg nghia vd hdi nhap quoc tl Bp Gido due vd Bao tao (2009), Tai li^u tSp huin dao tao viSn ve nghien ciru khoa hpc img dung, Dy dn Vidt - Bi, Nghd An Bd Gido dgc vd Bao tao (2013), Bai giang Phwang phap nghiSn ciru khoa hpc sw ph?m irng dpng cho giio viSn va cSn bp quin If giSo due thu&ng xuySn, Hd Npi Trydng Can b | quan ly gido dye Thdnh phi H i Chi Minh (2013), Tii li$u bii dwong cSn bp quan l-ji trw&ng thong, Module 4&5, lyu hdnh npi bp Taylpr, C, Wikie, M., Baser, J (2006), Doing Action Reseatch - A Guide for Sc/ioo/ Suppott Staff Paul Chapman Publishing Koshy, V (2010), Action Research for Improving Educational Practice: A Guide Step-by-Step Thousand Oaks, CA.: Sage ABSTRACT Action research in education is a type of action research in order to make an implementation or an intetvention and assessment of its impact in education To develop the teachers' capacity and to support requirements of educational innovation, it is necessaty to be rep/aced writing experience in teaching by action research in education and to promote a number of measures such as: Raising awareness about scientific reseatch, building regulations, rules, fostering scientiTic research capacity for teachers; mounting scientific research to educational practice; strengthen inspection and control; suppott facilities and technical; property impiemeni mechanisms and policies for scientific research in the schools ... nghien cdu va dng dgng khoa hpc, cdng nghe, dac biet Id khoa hpc giac dgc va khoa hoe quan ly" Nhy vay, cae nhd quan ly gido dgc va mdi nhd gido phai xem vipc nghien cdg khoa hpc sy pham dng dgng... khd khdn, rao can dk dd dang thyc hidn tdt nhidm vy nghien cuu khoa hgc Nhdt Id, vdi nghien cuu khoa hgc su pham ung dyng TAP CHl KHOA HOC QUAN LY GlAO DUC gido vien cd t h i nghidn cdu ty nhdng... nghien eyg khoa hpe sy pham dng dgng? 3.3 BAI dydng nang lyc nghien cdu khoa hpc cho dpi ngu nha giao Trong thye t l , rdp can Idn nhlt doi vdi tdng gido vien thyc hidn mOt de tii nghidn cdu khoa hpc