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llNG DUNG Kl THUAT SII OQ Tif DUY VAO DAY HDG TAP DDC CHO HOC S I N H L 6 P 4 , 5 ThS TRjNH C A M LV 1 So dd'''' t u duy (SDTD) va xu hudng ung dung vao day hoc d n u d c ta SBTDIamqtcongculochdcluduy, t[.]
llNG DUNG Kl THUAT SII OQ Tif DUY VAO DAY HDG TAP DDC CHO HOC SINH L P , ThS TRjNH C A M L V So dd' t u (SDTD) va xu hudng ung dung vao day hoc d n u d c ta SBTDIamqtcongculochdcluduy, tacondudng di nhat de chuyen lai hong tin vao bo nao rdi dua Ihdng Sn ngoai bg nao Dong thdi la mot phuang Sin ghi chep day sang tao viral hiiu qua theo dung nghia cua nd: Sip x^ynghi{'\; tr 67) Theo Tony Buzan, SDTD (ban tu duy, lupe dd tfl ) la mpt hinh thflc ghi chep theo mach tu cua mdi ngudi nham tim tdi dao sau, mdrpng mptytudng, he thdng hoa mpt chu dehay mdtmach kiln thuc bang each ket hop viec sfldung dong thdi hinh anh, dudng net, mau sac, chflvietvdi sfltfl tich efle Dac biet, day la so md, khdng yeu cau tl Id, ehi tiet khat khe nhflband6d|ali;cdthevethem hoac bdt cac nhanh, moi ngudi vemdtkieu, dung mau sac, hinh anh, cum tfldiln dat khac nhau; cung chu de nhflng mdi ngudi cd thd' the' hien nd dudi dang SDTD theo mdt each rieng Do do, viec iap SDTD se phat huy dupe tdi da sfl Sfing tao cfla mdi ngudi nude ta, SDTD b^t dao dupc nghien eflu va ling dung tflnhflng nam dau cua theklXXI.Gan day, SDTD da dupc flng dung cang nhieu day hpc, boi nd: khdng ddi hoi qua nhieu thdi g[an, khdng phai dau tu nhieu kinh phi Tuy nhien, de flng dijng rang rai, thudng xuyen kithuat (KT) day hpc nay, giao vien (GV) phai hudng cho hoc sinh (HS)cd thoi quen ve SDTD tmde hoac sau hpc mpt bai hay mdt chu de, mpt chuong de cac em cd each s^p xep kien thflc mptcach khoa hpc, kigk: Hien nay, xu hudng chung cua day hpc la chuyen tfl dao tao theo hudng tap ttung vao kien thflc sang ^p Ining vio ning iuc Vlee danh gia nang lue dflpe thue hiSnthdngqua danh gia cac kTnang (KN),kTxao cua ca nhan nhim giai quydtmdt cached trach nhiem vahieu qua cae tinh hudng Dgc lamptKNquantrpng khdng nhOng dap flng muctieu cua phan mdn r^dbcmacdniaKNpliucvu quatrinh hpc tap lau dai Vdi HS ldp 4,5, SDTD chinii Id mdt nhung edng cu die luc hdtrpHS hiAi va ghinhdbaidpc.Hiennay,khidayr^(fa;choHSI6p 4,5, nhieu GV da chu y hudng dan HS ve SDTD the hien npidungbaihpc, song qua trinh trien khalvin mdt so'bat cap Thucte,KT day hoc chua dupc ap dung nhieu deae bai day, viec danh gia san pham cua HS chua thuc sukich tli ich dupc nhu eau hpe tap cung nhunang luc sang tao ciiangudi hoc Mdt s d g i a i phap h u o n g d i n HS ve SSTD n h i m nang cao chat i u p n g day hpc phan mdn 7'ip(focldp4,5 2.1 G'ldpHSIam quen vat^veSBTD.liudc ung dung KT day hpc nay, GV phai ed thdi gian eho HS lam quen vdi each tu bang so do, dpc hieu vatap ve SDTD, nhfl: -Trang bj nhflng hieu bilt CO ban v8SDTD:choHS nhan biet SDTD tfl mpt so ndidung don gian, gan guj (gidithieu vegia dinh em, thdi khoabie'u,thdigian bie'u, cacmdn hpc dtiucng ^; - Hudng ddn HS ve SDTD tfl cap dp don gian den phuc tap, edtheSen hanh theo cac budc:+Dien khuyS (tflngfl, hinh anh); + Vebosung (them nhanh,tach nhanh);+VeSDTD (gidi thieu cho HS nhieu each ve SDTD): 50 thflbac, so mang, so dd chuSi, sd dd quan he toan bd/mdt phan ; + tjng dung SDTD vao so hda ndi dung kien thflc bai hpe 2.2 l/ng dung SDTD t r o n g g i d day TSp dpc idp 4,5 22.1 Lua chqnbiidgcjihuhgp vdi SDTD SDTD kha phu hpp de' hudng dan HS ghi nhd kien thflc d eae bai Tip doc Nhifng hinh anh, dudng net, mau sac ea nhan/nhdm HS tutao segiup cac em ghi nhdnpidung bai lau hon Trong sach giao khoa (SGK) Tieng Viet (TV) 4,5 cd: nhflng van ban t ^ dpc la van ban phinghethuatvdibdcuerd rang, gdm cacyldn,_y nhd nhu: Nghin nim vin hBn(TV5,tap 1); LuitBao vi, chim soc vigiao due Seem (TV5,t3p 2), ; nhiihg van ban truyen vdi nhieu tinh tiet Idn, nhd: DiSu ude cua vua Mi - dal(tVi,^ \), Nhung halthoc giong (Ty4, tap 1);cacbaithocdndidungphongphunhu: sic mau em yiu (TVS, tap i ) , Tre Viel Nam (TV4, tap 1), Chuyen co Hch ve hai ngudi (TV4, tap 2); nhflng van ban kjch nhieu tinh let, kich tinh: Long dan (TVS, tap 1) Trong qua trinh thi^t kd'bai giang, GV can ngliien cuu kl dd lua ehpn nhflng phflong phap, KT day hpc tieh cue, phu hpp vdi ndi dung bai, * Tnwnefiailigc Hiii Ha Nqi 32 Tap chi Gido due so 363 (kl • 8/2015) dac biet la nhung bai doc phii hop de hi/dng din HS 22.5 Hudng dan HS veSDTD bing tayvaphh hieuvaghinhab^gSOTD memtienmiy tinh 222 Xac dinh cac budc can hudng dan HS • Hudng dan HS ve SB TD bing tay De tiet kiem i^eSeTD.Tuydahubngdln HS lam quen v6iSDTD, thdi gian, chi phi cung nhu d l thuc hien, G V cho ca song otiing bai hoc cu the, GV can hudng din cac nhan/nhdm HS ve SDTD tren giay kho'A4 sau (Jo em cac bt/ac tao leip SOTD CLitfie:-0W3C/;Ba dau GV chup cac san pham, phdng to tren may chieu tiJr tmng tam voihinhanhcua chu de.GVhi/dmg dan {neu cd phuong tien) ho trp HS trinh bay san pham HS chpn tl/ ngu hoac hinh anh ttie hien chti de; hoac cac nhdm cdthechuyen xem san pham, - SiAJc 2: Tao nhanh cap mot na cac nhanh chinh dan tat ca cac san pham xung quanh k]p de cac ban (cap mot) den hinh anh tmng tam; - Botifc 3: Tao cijnp xem (vao gkjchoi) Khuyen khich HS sudung nhanh c ^ hai, na cac nhanh cap hai 6en cac nhanhnhieu mau s5c, hlnh anh de SDTD sinh dpng cap mot - Budc4: Tao cac nhanh cong tiJcac nhanh - Hudng din HS veSBTD bang phan mem Tuy tnrdc do;-Stftfc5: Hoan thienva tao mpt kieu ban hinh thiic hudng dan HS ve SDTD b§ng tay nhanh, dorieng cho minh gpn, tien lpi, tiet kiem chi phi, d l ap dung va gay dupc Trongquatrinhhuong din HS.GVcan chudpng, hiingttiucho HS IUBftjoitieuhpc nhung a nhiing bih hoat de giup HS tusang tao viec lua chpn tn/dng cddieu kien cosdvat chat tot, vdi HS kha gioi, chude, phan nhanh, sonhanh, ket nanhanh; dac biet G V can day cac em su dyng phan mem ve SDTD lahinh anh minh hpa desan pham cua ca nhan^h6m tren may tinh Myc dich oday khong chi la day mpt HS cost/khac biet bai hpc cythe,mahudng tdi r^mptKN,mpt phuong 22.3 Bieu chinh heffiohgciu hoihStraHS sa tien hdtrpchoquatrinhtuduycuaHSdcac mdn hpc cung nhu ling d^glau dai cupcsong IMiidmap hoa noi dung bai doc De h6 tro qua trinh ti; hpc cua HS, GV can conhung gcriy mang tinh djnh hucmgla phan mem rat de sudyng va tao cac san p h ^ (caccauhoigtjijy), hotrcrHSdpng nao detim ray SDTD kha dep GV cung cdthehudngdin HS each tuong the hien SDTD Vi du, day bai Quang canhdowntoad cac phan mem ve SDTD khac &en Intemet i&jp mac nf^aymus (TVS,tip 1),GV CO thedio) chinh va hudng dan HS thuc hien theo cac budc; hettin^g cau hoi tim hieu bai nhu sau: Tra tdi cac cau Budc riDoviftoadphanmemveSDTDtiJrIntemet hoi duoi day sau ciing cac ban nhom ve Budc2 MochUOTig trinh; + Chpn hlnh anh tmng SDTD de ghi iai npi dung bai dpc: - Bii vin ta canhtam cho so do: vao Browse dechpn file anh lam hinh giy; - Keten cac stivattiongbai va miu sic cua cacanh tmngtam;+DiennpJdung cho hinh anh tmng tam suvitdd M:liJa • vang xuan;-Mdi ban hiy chon mgt(vi^ vao d Enter some textforyour central klea) -> bJ^chimau sic bong bai va cho biet b^do ggit^o em Bam chpn C/eatedehoan thanh;+Lay cac nhanh npi cam giacgi M: vangxgng -miu vingggicam giacdungi'Dichupftciihhh anh tmng tam,1(ichchupttr^ nhu cd nude;-NhQng chi Het nio ve6ic60va convao cham va keo d ^ vi tri mong mucin, tha chupt ngudi da Im cho bdc tranh Ung que Mm d^ vaDeve cac nhanh khae HS tiep tyc theo quy trinh do; sinhdSng? +Vi^npl dung vao nhanh: "DIchupT vao nhanh,1(ich Trong vi du chiing toi da thay d« he thong dijp chupttrar->Nhapnpidung cho nhanh vaoofexf cau hoi cua SGK degpiycho cac em "chu d l trung iWA;+Nhap npidung cho cac nhanh nho: "Dichupf tdi tam" va cac nhanh cua SDTD Viec thay da co phan cuoi cua nhanh ldn - chan xuat hien -» keo, ban khong lam thay dS qua trinh dpc, hieu bai ctia 1ha ;+Chen hinh anh: Choi nhanh can chen->• vao HS, ma luu lai lau hon, day du hon tri 6c Insert, ehpn Branch Image -> vao file anh de chpn; b^g each cac em tu*chup' lai SDTD nhom cung + Chinh sua, ddng gdi, hoan thiai SDTD ve Vdi gc^ y khong qua chi tiet, mang dnh chat Hinh thiic vetren may im the hon ve bang tay gpidin, san pham SDTD cua cac nhom seed nhung HS trinh bay, bdi san pham rd, mau s^c d ^ va d l diemkhacblel dang chieu cho ca Ic^ quan sat 22.4 Da dang hoa cac hinh thuctochik hoat 22.6 Hudng din HS veSBTD d cac giai doan dgng day hgc Ben canh viec hudng dan tiJmg HS tu khac cua gidhgc ve SDTD, can hudng din cac em ve theo nhdm • Hudng dh HS ve SDTD phan loantiabaicu Hinh thLfc to chiic hoat dpng day hpc hep tac theo Kiem tra ba cu la mot nhQng budc khdng the nhom se giip phat huy dupc nang luc khac cua thi^ ) i ^ trinh mdttietday Do thoi gian chikhoang nhieu HSvenhflng KN:dpc,ve, to mau, thuy^ trinh 3-5 phiit nen cau hoi thudng d dang tai hien lai mpt (ki - 8/2015) Tap chi Giao due so 363 33 phan ndi dung bai hpc Vivay, GV ehi kiem tra dupc kha nang ghlnhdbalcuaHS,ehua danh giadupc viec tiep nhan, hieu kien thflc eua HS den dau, nen mdtsd HS ehl hpc vel dpc thupc king ma khdng hieu SBTD iampthinhthuc kiem tra khdc phuc dupe nhflng tdn tai nay; hon nua, nd cdn giup HS tai hien lai loan bd npi dung bai eu, giupnhdSu hon va van diiig kien thuc da hpc mptcach chScchin vao bamdicdien quan Vidy, kliiday bai Wff/»h nam van/wish (TVS, tap 1),GVcd the dua SDTD ddang thieu thdng I n , yeu cau HS hoan thien bingcach dien cac thdng tin cdn thieu, njtra nhan xet vemdi quan he cua cae nhanh thdng tin vdi nhau, vcri tflkhda tmng tam; lien heglfla kien thuc sach vdvcri thuc te (xem sddd I) Saad2 - Hudng din HS veSBTD phan cung ca G V c6 thisfldung SDTD ve san hoac dang dien khuyet d l td'ng ket bai hpc va ydu eau HS nhdc lai ndi dung chinh eua bai Vi du, day bai Sac mau em y^u (TVS, tap 1) (xem sddoS}: Sau da hoan thien SDTD, HS neu iai ndi dung bai, hay nhan xetve md'i quan he gifla cae "nhanh thdng tin" vdi "tfl khoa trung tam" - Hudng dan HS ve SDTD phan Tim hii'u bii Vdiphanr/m/iA§u£>a/;GVch!langudiduaiBcaegpi y hoac cau hdi lien quan den chu de bai hpe HS lap SDTD theo nhdm/ea nhan (chpn cac thdng tin quan trpng, so hoa Chung bdng eaemdiquan hevathe hien lai theo each hieu cua minh) sau dd bao cao, thuyet minh ve SDTD da lap Cudi cung, HS ca idp cung thao luan, chlnh sua, hoan thien SDTD Vdi each day hpe nay, GV chi la ngudi cd van, trpng tai giup HS hoan chlnh SDTD; tfl dd, hinh kien thflc trpng tam eua bai hpe Vi du, bai Sac mau em yiu (TVS, tap 1), sau dupc GV hudng dan tap dpc, HS se chuyen sang phan Tim hieu bii Muc Ueu eua phan la HS ndm dupc dan y eua bai, nhan gia trj ndi dung va nghe thuat GV hudng dan HS dpe va tra Idi cau hdi SGK (hoac cac eau hdi duoe chia tach, bd' sung eua GV) vdi hinh thflc day hpc phu hpp GV cdtheyeu cau HS tra ldi eau hdi: + Ban nho yeunhiJngmausicnio?:+M6isacmaugalranhiing /im/i an/> nao?, ra'gpiyehoHS lap dupe SDTD nhu sau (xem sad62): 34 Tap chi Gido due so 363 Sado3 GVcdthe'dat eae cau hdi cung cdndi dung bai hpc de HS tra ldi Mdi cau tra idi dung minh hpa eho mpt nhanh cua SDTD Bai hpc sedupc HS ghi lai sau sic hon bang each "chup" lai hinh anli cudicung vao nao 2.2.7 To chdc cho HS trinh biy sin phim GV can chuddngtrong viectd'ehflccho HStrinhbaysan pham tmdc Idp vao cudi gid hpe (hoac buoi hpc thfl hai) de' cac em dflOC t i o a sflc the hipn y tudng, kha nang sang tao.Ddng thdi, laco hdi dd'cac nhdm nhan xet, gdp y, bo sung cho cung hoan thien SDTD 2.3 Mgt so'luu y ung dung KTSBTD 2.3.1.khixiydunghetimgcauhoichobiidoc vihudngdinHSiraldiciuhoi:-\^e1t\mgcai>\\a chu y den nhieu ddi tupng HS, n h i ^ mflc dp, t|^ trang vao trpng tam bai dpc Khdng nhat thidt HS ca Idp phai tra Idi du cac cau lidinay.macdthd'chiehpn tra Idi nhflng cau vfla sfle; - Tdn trpng edu tra ldi eua HS va khuyen khich cac em li giai: Taisaoem tra ldi (ki - 8/2015) nhuvay?; Tai em tia ldi khac ban?; Em dongy Nguyen Minh Thuyet (chu biftn) H f n g Vift 4, vdi ban d^em nao? Vi sao?; Em khong ddngy vdi (sach giao vien; tap 1, 2) NXB Gido due, H 2007 ban ddiem nao? Visao? :, - Van de cau hoi Le Phucmg Nga Phuong phap day hoc Tieng V i « dupe dao sau,mdrpng deHS ghi nhd kientfii^ecd d tien hpc (tap 2) NXB Dgi h^c supham H 2012 chu dich; -Tranh viec ghi nhPtheo khudn mlu Mdi eau hdi, HS d cae nhdm cd the fra kji theo nhieu each khac This article emphasizes the role of Mind map as 2.3.2 Luu y to chdc day hoc: - Khong nen one of the significant method in teaching Reading in primary schools (grade and 5) The author proCling nh^cfrong phan phwthdigian cua gidhpc hay poses solutions in order to enhance the effecUvetiirig hoat dpng hpc tap de HS cd dieu kien the hien y ness of using Mmd map in teaching Reading grade tuong, su sang tao ciia HS/nhdm; - Giam thdi gian and for examples: selecting the rational Reading giang cua G V, danh thdi gian cho HS suy nghl, trinh lesson in which Mind map can tte employed idenUbay y tudng, cung ban trao da, bay to y kien, ling fying important steps in guiding students to draw mindmap amendiiigquestions that help students to nghe va hoan thien cau tra ldi; - Chii y den nang luc systematic the content of the lesson, organizing the cua HS viec chia nhdm hpc tap; - Uu tien hoat lesson's actlviUes in different ways, guiding students dpng nhdm demoi HS dupc ndi, bay to nhieu hon; to draw mind map by using software in different - Khuyen khich HS hpc ^ bing each ghi nhan ket stages of Reading lesson and giving chance for students to present their works qua cik cac em (trinh chieu hoac tnmg bay san pham SDTD, tranh anh eua HS/nhdm) 2.3.3 Luu y danh gia ket qua hgc tip cua HS: • Can tdnfrpngy tudng cua HS/nhdm &ie hien tren SDTD;trongddcdcacyeute*:nanglyetu duy, nang (Ti^ Iheo trang 16} khieu ve,ft;fieuphuc vy hoai dpng fipc tap ; - GV phaichuydenkhanangthuyettrinhctjaHS trinh Tai li§u tham khao bay san pham; tuf dd, dmg vien, khuyen khich HS eo Nguygn Anh Tuy^t - Nguyfin TTii Nhu Mai - Dinh ging, manh dan, tutin, hiing tfiii vdi hoat dpng hpc Thi Kim Thoa Tftm li hpc tre em lua tu^i mSm non {tit lot long d^n tu^i) NXB Dgi hpc su phgm, tap va edging lam tot hon dnhung lin sau H.2013 Nguyfin Thj Thu Ha "Thuc trgng gido due tri SDTD la mpt nhi^g KT day hpctichci/3 cd mdm non 5-6 tudi nhdn biit vd phdng trdnh nguy co the ap dyng day hpc Tap dbc cho HS IPp 4,5 khdng an todn tgi mdt sdlru&ng mdm non tren dia Lfng dyng KT SDTD giiip GV danh gia kha nang ban Hd Ngi" B^o cao tdng k£t dfi tk\ khoa hgc v^ phan tich, tong hop, tu k}gie eua HS phan cOng nghe cS^p vi$n, Vien Khoa hpc gido due Vift van dyng, thuc hien cac yeu cau cua bai hpc;tudd, co Nam, Ha NOi 2012 can elide danh gia H S ve kienttiiic,KN, phat hien va SUMMARY boi dudng HS nang khiaj Hon/iua, KT SDTD khdng Recognizing the dangerous situations is an imdoi hoi qua nhieuttidigian, kkih phi, lai deday, dehpc, portant condiUon to help children to prevent and rettiich hpp vdi dieu kien cua mpiviing m i ^ nen cdtinh spond effectively Through our studying in reality, we found that the level of awareness of 4-5 years old khattiicao • children about the dangemus situaUons is relatively good We think that the situaUons that are made a (I) Tony Buzan (Le Huy Lam djch) Sor dd tirduy choice are quite familiar situations with children, and NXB Tong hap TP Hd Chi Minh, 2009 children are r^ldarly reminded of the danger of them by adults, so most of children can perceive easily Tdi lieu tbam khdo However, the result of studying also show that tf that BO GD-DT TNhapnpidung cho nhanh vaoofexf cau hoi cua SGK degpiycho cac em "chu d l trung iWA;+Nhap npidung cho cac nhanh nho: "Dichupf tdi tam" va cac nhanh cua