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II NGHIEN c m i a ONG DUNG BIEH PHAP GIAO DUC Ki NANG SONG CHO HOC SINH LdP 4 , 5 THONG QUA HOAT DONG NGOAI GIflf LEN l6? Bui Thj Thanh Trudng Tieu hgc Nguyen Trdi HCM 1 Sy can thiet phai GDKNS cho HS[.]
II NGHIEN c m i a ONG DUNG BIEH P H A P GIAO DUC K i NANG SONG CHO HOC SINH LdP 4, THONG QUA HOAT DONG NGOAI GIflf LEN l6? Bui Thj Thanh Trudng Tieu hgc Nguyen Trdi-HCM Sy can thiet phai GDKNS cho HS ldp 4, HS d lua tuoi cuoi bae Tieu hge (HS Idp 4, 5) la lira tuoi chuyen tiep tii' lira tuoi nhi dong sang tuoi thieu nien, cac em rat ham tim toi, kham pha song thieu hieu biet sau sac ve xa hgi thieu kinh nghiem song nen de bj loi keo, kich dong Dac biet la boi canh hoi nhap quoc te, su biing no ciia cong nghe thong tin va su phat trien ciia ca che thj tru'dng nhu hien nay, cac em thu'dng xuyen chju sir tac dgng dan xen ciia nhung yeu to tich cue va tieu cue luon dugc dat vao hoan canh phai lua chgn nhiing gia trj, phai duang dau vdi nhung kho khan, thach thiic, nhung ap luc tieu cue Neu khong dugc GDKNS, neu thieu KNS cac em de bj loi keo vao hanh vi tieu cue, bao luc, vao loi song ich ki, lai cang, thuc dung, sa vao cac te nan xa hgi nhu nghien hiit hoac sdm bi lgi dung tinh due Vi vay viec GDKNS cho HS noi chun^ va HS ldp 4, noi rieng la het sue can thiet va cap bach de giiip cac em hinh cac hanh vi, thoi quen lanh manh; co trach nhiem vdi ban than, gia dinh, cong dong va To quoc; giiip cac em co kha nang irng tich cue trudc nhCrng tinh huong cua cugc song; xay dung moi quan he tot dep vdi gia dinh, ban be va mgi ngu'di; song tich cue chii dgng an toan, hai hoa va lanh manh Vai tro cua HDNGLL doi vdi viec GDKNS cho HS lop 4, HDNGLL la cac hoat dong dugc to chiic ngoai gid day va hge cac mon van hoa tren Idp Day la cac hoat dgng noi tiep CO quan he chat che vdi cac hoat dong day va hoc tren Idp, gop phan nang cao chat lugng giao due toan dien eua nha trudng Cimg vdi ngi dung day hgc cac mon hgc; ngi dung HDNGLL la mot hai ngi dung ciia giao due Tieu hgc Ngi dung HDNGLL dugc the hien thong qua cac loai hinh hoat dgng chii yeu nhu : vui choi, giai tri, van hoa van nghe the due the thao; hoat dgng xa hoi chinh trj; lao dong cong ich; tao hiing thii khoa hgc kT thuat HDNGLL gop phSn thuc hien muc tieu giao due toan dien nhan each eho HS, nhat la hinh va phat trien nhiing thai do, xue cam, tinh cam diing dan, nhung yeu to tam li, tinh cam, nhCing KNS ma viec day hgc tren ldp khong co dieu kien thuc hien Nhu vay, GDKNS cho HS la mot cac muc tieu ciia HDNGLL Va HDNGLL la moi tru'dng, dieu kien giup cac em CO ca hgi de trai nghiem cac Nlujn bai 29/7/2011 • TAP CHi THIET Bl GIAO DUC - SO 72 - 8/20V1 KNS can thiet thong qua cac hoat dgng phong phii va cac moi quan he da dang Mot so bien phap GDKNS cho HS idp 4, thdng qua HDNGLL 3.1 Tdng cudng su tuong tdc giua HS vdi HS, giua HS vdi gido vien (GV) cdc HDNGLL Ddi vdi HSTH, phuang phap GDKNS tot nhat la nhCrng phuang phap tao su tuong tac va vai tro tham gia ciia HS viec hgc va thue hanh kT nang nhu: phuong phap tro chai, phuong phap thao luan nhom nhung phuang phap c6 hieu qua va de "ngam" nhat la phuong phap tro chai Phuong phap dugc hieu rgng bao gom cac tro choi dong vai, tro chai van dgng, tro chai xay dung nhom, cac tro choi dan gian, Vdi sir phong phii da dang cac tro chai khac va su hirng thu nhiet tinh tham gia moi tro chai se giiip tre hinh dugc cac kT nang khac cugc song Qua tro chai HS CO ca hgi de the nghiem nhiing thai do, hanh vi Chinh nhd suthe nghiem se hinh dugc d cac em niem tin vao nliung thai do, hanh vi tich cue, tao dong ca ben cho nhung hanh vi ii'ng xir cugc song Dong thdi, qua trd chai HS se dugc ren luyen kha nang quyet dinh lua chgn cho minh each irng xir II NGHIEN Cmi&UHlG DUNG dung dan, phCi hgp nhCrng tinh huong cu the va hinh nang lire quan sat, kT nang nhan xet, danh gia hanh vi Ben canh do, tro chai giiip tang cudng kha nang giao tiep giCra HS vdi HS, giira HS vdi GV tir phat huy toi da dugc vai tro chii dgng, tich cue cua HS 3.2 Td chuc cdc HDNGLL vdi ndi dung, hinh thuc da dqng, phong phii vd bdm sdt cdc chd diem cua thdng Hogt dong vdn hoa nghe thugt: Day la mgt loai hinh boat dgng quan trgng, khong the thieu dugc sinh hoat tap the ciia tre em, nhat la HSTH Hoat dgng bao gom nhieu the loai khac nhau: hat, mua, tha ca, kich ngan, kjeh cam, tau vui, doc tau, dan, sao, ke chuyen, trinh dien thdi trang, Cac hoat dgng gdp phan hinh cho cac em kT nang manh dan, tu tin trudc dam dong Day la mgt nhu'ng kT nan^ rat quan trgng xu the toan cau hda Hogt dgng vui citoi gidi tri, TDTT: Vui chai, giai tri la nhu cau thiet yeu ciia tre, dong thdi la quyen Igi ciia cac em No la mgt loai hoat dgn^ cd y nghTa giao due to ldn ddi vdi HS d tru'dng tieu hgc Hoat dgng gdm: cac tro chai van ddng, tro choi dan gian, hgi chg dan gian, hgi khoe phii dong, thi nghi thirc dgi, thi bup mang xinh, thi lam den ong sao, thi lam thiep xuan, Hoat dgng giiip cac em thoai mai ve tinh than sau nhung gid hgc cang thang, gop phan ren luyen mgt sd pham chat nhu: tinh to chuc ki luat, nang cao tinh than trach nhiem, tinh thSn doan kSt, long nhan va ren cac KNS nhu: kT nang em su say me, tim toi, kich thich hgc tap tot ban Nhimg hoat dgng co the la suu tam nhu'ng bai toan vui, tham gia sinh hoat CLB khoa hgc, tim hieu cac danh nhan, cac nha bac hgc dudi cac hinh thirc phong phu nhu: thi rung chuong vang, thi trang nguyen, Day la mgt boat dgng nham tao dieu kien cho cac em lam quen vdi viec nghien cim khoa hgc va tu khang djnh minh Hang tuan, hang thang, GV can chii dgng len ke hoach va ket hgp vdi Dgi thieu nien va nha tru'dng de to chirc cac HDNGLL cho HS cho sinh dgng, hap dan va phii hgp vdi dieu kien ciia dja phuang va nha trudng Cac boat dgng can bam sat cac chu de hang thang dugc thuc hien dong tam tir idp den Idp theo van ban hudng dan tam thdi ciia Vu Giao due Tieu hgc nhu sau : - Chii de thang : Mai trudng than yeu ciia em; - Chii de thang 10 : Vong tay ban be; - Chii de thang 11 : Biet an thay, co giao; - Chii de thang 12 : Uong nudc nhd nguon; Chii de thang I : Ngay Tet que em; - Chii de thang : Em yeu to quoc Viet Nam.; Chii de thang : Yeu quy me va CO giao; - Chii de thang : Hoa binh va hu'u nghi; - Chii de thang : Bac Ho kinh yeu 3.3 Ndng cao nhqn thuc vd ki ndng cua GV viec td chuc cdc HDGDNGLL vd GDKNS cho HS ldp 4, GV va nhCing ngudi lam cong tac giao due nha Hogt dgng tiep can khoa tru'dng can phai nhan thuc diing iigc - Id thugt: Day la hoat dgng va day dii ve tam quan trgng giiip cac em tiep can dugc nhu'ng ciia viec GDKNS cho HS thong tuu klioa hgc - cong nghe qua HDNGLL GV va nhung tien tien Dieu se tao cho cac ngu'di cd trach nhiem to chiic hgp tac, kT nang nhan thirc, kT nang tim kiem sy ho trg, kT nang giai quyet van de, Hoat dgng xd hot: Budc dau dua HS vao cac hoat dgng xa hgi de giiip cac em nang cao hieu biet ve ngudi, dat nudc, xa hgi Thong qua hoat dgng nay, cac em se dugc boi dudng them ve nhan each, dac biet la tinh ngu'di Cac hoat dgng cu the: tham quan cac khu di tich lich sir, cac danh lam thang canh ciia dja phuang; tham hoi giup dd ngudi gia, ngudi tan tat, gia dinh thuang binh liet sT, tham vieng cham s6c nghTa trang liet sT, Qua cac boat dgng HS ren luyen dugc cac KNS nhu: kT nang tim kiem va xir li thong tin, kT nang dam nhan trach nhiem, kT nang the hien su cam thong, Hogt dgng lao dgng cong ich: Day la mgt loai hinh dac trung ciia HDNGLL Thong qua lao dgng cong ich se giiip cac em gan bo vdi ddi song xa hgi Ngoai lao dgng cong ich gop phan lam cho tre hieu them ve gia tn lao dgng, tii' giiip tre CO y thiic lao dgng lanh manh Lao dgng cong ich giup tre van dung kien thirc vao ddi song nhu: true nhat, ve sinh ldp hgc, san tru'dng, cham soc bon hoa, cay canh; tham gia dgn ve sinh dudng lang ngo xom, Day la hoat dgng that sir can thiet giup cae em thich nghi vdi cugc song xung quanh, yeu quy lao dgng, CO kT nang tu phuc vu va kT nang dam nhan trach nhiem TAP CHi THIET Bl GIAO DUC • SO 72 • 8/2011 • II NGHIEN cim a UNG DUNG HDNGLL cho HS phai nhiet tinh va eo nang lire thiet ke hoat dgng, nang luc to chire cho HS tham gia boat dgng va nang lire danh gia boat dgng Muon vay, hg can phai dugc dao tao mgt each bai ban cac trudng su pham, dong thdi thudng xuyen dugc tap huan, boi dudng nang cao trinh va kT nang, dugc eung cap day dii cae tai lieu can thiet, duge tao ea hgi de giao luu, hge tap, chia se kinh nghiem vdi eac dong nghiep HS idp 4, da bude dau c6 nhung kien thiic va kinh nghiem song nhat dinh Vi vay, qua trinh to chiic boat dgng, GV can huy dgng va khai thac toi da von hieu biet va kinh nghiem song da co ciia HS GV can tao CO hgi cho HS dugc chii dgng suy nghT, bay to y tudng, bao ve cac y tudng va thuc hanh cac y tudng hoat dgng ciia cac em vdi su CO van, giiip dd ciia nha giao due Cac em can dugc tao dieu kien ciing thay, co giao va ban be tham gia vao tat ea cac khau ciia qua trinh boat dgng tii' xay dung ke hoach hoat dgng den danh gia ket qua boat dgng 3.4 Thuc hiin GDKNS cho HS theo quy trinh hffp li vd van dung linh hoqt cdc phuffngphdp, cdc ki thuqt dqy hgc tich cue Budc Klidm plid: GV ciing HS thiet ke eac boat dgng CO tinh chat trai nghiem; GV ciing HS dat cac cau hoi nham ggi lai nhung hieu biet da co lien quan den bai hgc; - GV giiip HS xir li, phan tich cac hieu biet hoac trai nghiem ciia HS Budc Ket noi: GV gidi thieu muc tieu bai hoc va lien ket vdi nhung van de da chia se d budc 1; GV t6 chirc cac hoat dgng hge tap tilp thu kien thiie kT nang mdi; - Kiem tra mirc biet va hi§u cae thong tin vii^ dugc cung cap;- Neu vi du can thiet Birdc Thuc hdnh, luyen tap: GV thilt ke eac boat dgng de HS van dung kien thirc, kT nang mdi; HS lam viee theo nhom cap hoac ca nhan de hoan nhiem vu; - GV theo doi eac boat dgng eiia HS va dieu chinh can thiet; - GV khuyen khich HS the hien nhung dieu cac em suy nghT hoac mdi liiih hgi dugc Budc Van dung: - GV ciing HS lap he hoach van dung kien thire kT nang mdi vao cac mon hge, cac ITnh vuc hgc tap khac; - HS lam viec theo nhom, cap va ca nhan de hoan nhiem vu; GV va HS ciing tham gia hoi va tra Idi suot qua trinh to chiie boat dgng; GV danh gia ket qua hgc tap ciia HS HDNGLL rat phong phii va da dang, vi vay tiiy tii'ng boat dgng cu the ma GV lua chgn ngi dung, phuong phap cung nhu quy trinh GDKNS cho phii hgp Chang han, to chiie cac tro choi (tro chai van dgng, tro chai dan gian, ) va cac buoi lao dgng cong ich (nhu dgn ve sinh san trudng, Idp hgc, dudng pho, cai tao cham soc vudn trudng, ) thi GV to chiic cho HS dugc hgc KNS nhu mgt gid hgc ngoai khoa theo quy trinh tren Con doi vdi cac boat dgng nhu tham quan, tham vieng nghTa trang liet sT va cac cugc thi nhu biip mang xinh, chi huy gioi rung chuong vang nghi thiic Dgi, thi ke chuyen thi van nghe thi an toan giao thong, TAP CHf THIET Bl GIAO DUC - SO 72 - 8/2011 thi GV GDKNS cho HS thong qua viec tich hgp cae kT nang phii hgp vao eac boat dgng cu the de khong lam "cong kenh" them HDNGLL ma van dat hieu qua giao due cao 3.5 Huy ddng su" tham gia cua nhieu luc lugng vdo viec GDKNS cho HSTH thdng qua HDNGLL KNS ciia HS dugc hinh qua nhieu boat dgng, nhieu dudng khac : hgc tap tren ldp thong qua cac mon hgc, cae boat dgng, cac tro chai ciing ban be; thong qua cac boat dgng the due, the thao, van nghe; thong qua cac hoat dgng lao dgng; thong qua cac hanh vi ung xir vdi mgi nguai xung quanh, Vi vay, de hinh nhung KNS tot dep cho HS thi phai co su ket hgp chat che va thong nhat cao giua Gia Dinh - Nha Trudng - Xa Hgi Trong qua trinh GDKNS cho HS, vai trd ciia gia dinh cong dong nai cac em sinh song la bet sue to ldn Vi the GV chiing ta phai biet phoi ket hgp vdi ho, cbi cho hg thay trach nhiem ciia minh doi vdi xa hgi va doi vdi em minh, khong "khoan trang" hoan toan cho nha tru'dng Khi d nha, phu huynh dimg "bao can" hoan toan ma phai tap cho cac em song tu lap Khi vap nga cac em phai biet tu dimg len Ngoai viec hge bai, phai nhac cac em tap lam nhung cong viec phii hgp vdi kha nang ciia minh nhu nhat rau, quet nha, rua bat, Khi dua tdi tru'dng phai de cbo biet di til' cong vao ldp bgc, biet xin co giao vao Idp den mugn (Xem tiep trang 36) II HirdNG DAN QUAN U suf DUNG Hay lau sach eac bui ban, vet van tay va dau md tren man hinh de tranh lam cho mat cang thang xem hinh anh hien thj tren man binh Neu ban deo kinh, phai dam bao rang ban giQ cho mat kinh treo, khong lam md binh anh eiia man hinh hien thj Neu c6 the ban nen dimg kinh chong choi de han che phan chieu anh sang, va nhin eac doi tugng tuai sang, ro rang ban C - Tu- the diing vj tri cua tay Viec su dung chugt va ban phim lam cho canh tay va ban tay phai lam viec lien tuc tren may tinh Do d6, giQ vj dung tri canh tay la dieu quan trgng de loai tru cac cam giac nhuc m6i Luon giQ cho canh tay tao g6c vuong d khuyu tay toan bg thdi gian su dung ban phim va chugt phia trudc man binh may tinh Khong de 16ng ban tay ciia ban cham vao ban phim danh may, ma bay giQ cho 16ng ban tay d phia tren ban phim va nhe nhang nhan xuong cac ng6n tay go phim Dieu se lam cho I6ng ban tay hoac ng6n tay ciia ban khong bj m6i, ca sau danh may nhieu gid Diing ban tay giQ trgn ven chugt may tinh ban di chuyen n6 lam viec Ngoai ra, ban cung khong can thiet phai sir dung qua nhieu lire cho viec sir dung chugt Ngoai ra, ban can biet mgt s6 kinh nghiem hay de tranh met m6i dimg may tinh nhu: Neu su dun^ laptop thdi gian dai nhieu gid ban c6 thi diing chugt va ban phim ngoai N6 se giiip ban su dung thoai mai han, bdi vi ban tay va ng6n tay cua ban se bj m6i mgt each nhanh ch6ng bam trackpad va ban phim nb6 ciia laptop Nghi giai lao giua gid, tu 45-60 phut mgt lan neu sir dung may tinh thdi gian dai Dung day va rdi kh6i ban lam viec ciia ban de ca the dugc thu gian Duy tri anh sang va nhiet pb6ng thich hgp cho viec sir dung may tinh Anh sang kem va nhiet qua n6ng c6 the dan den viec ngudi diing khong ngoi dung tu the de su dung may tinh SL (Theo VTC NewsToThePC) llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllinillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllMIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII^ BIEN PHAP GIAO DUC K i NANG SONG (Tiip theo trang KNS khong phai ''mgt sdm, mgt chieu" ma c6 dugc VI thi qua trinh GDKNS cho HS phai dugc tien banh mgt each thudng xuyen, mgi liic, mgi nai, cang sdm cang tot Bdi vay, doi hoi ngudi GV phai cd tam huyet, phai biet kien nhan, linh boat, sang tao, phoi hgp vdi cac doan the va ngoai nha trudng qua trinh giao due HS Nhu vay GDKNS cbo HSTH dac biet la HS Idp 4, thong qua HDNGLL c6 y nghTa bet siic quan trgng cong tac giao due No la 3D • dudng bien thuc h6a phuang sang tao, thich irng vdi nhu cham "hgc di doi vdi hanh" cau cua xa hgi, dap iing yeu va la mgt cac ngi dung cau ciia hgi nhap quoc te CO ban de xay dung "trudng hgc than thien - bgc sinh tich Tai lieu tham khao cue" giai doan dat nude Giao due kT nSng song ta dang tien len cong nghiep cac mon hoc a Tieu hoc - Tai lieu h6a - bien dai b6a va hgi nhap danh cho giao vien (NXBGDVN) quoc te Moi GV va nhQng Hudng din to chirc cac hoat ngudi lam cong tac giao due dong giao due ngoai gio len ldp cho can hieu ro tam quan trgng hoc sinh lop 4, (NXBGDVN) cung nhu ngi dung, phuang Thuc hanh t6 chirc cAc hoat phap GDKNS cbo HS de dap dong giao due ngoai gio len ldp iing dugc muc tieu giao due d6 Tai lieu dao tao giao vien tieu hoc la tao dugc nhung ngudi (NXBGDVN) Viet Nam phat trien toan dien, Bo sach ren luyen kT nSng nhQng ngirdi nang dgng s6ng cho hoc sinh ciia NXBGDVN TAP CHi THIET Bl GlAo DUC - SO 72 - 8/2011 ... viec GDKNS cho HSTH thdng qua HDNGLL KNS ciia HS dugc hinh qua nhieu boat dgng, nhieu dudng khac : hgc tap tren ldp thong qua cac mon hgc, cae boat dgng, cac tro chai ciing ban be; thong qua cac... - 8/2011 thi GV GDKNS cho HS thong qua viec tich hgp cae kT nang phii hgp vao eac boat dgng cu the de khong lam "cong kenh" them HDNGLL ma van dat hieu qua giao due cao 3 .5 Huy ddng su" tham gia... dgng the due, the thao, van nghe; thong qua cac hoat dgng lao dgng; thong qua cac hanh vi ung xir vdi mgi nguai xung quanh, Vi vay, de hinh nhung KNS tot dep cho HS thi phai co su ket hgp chat che