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KHA NANG GIAO DUC Kl NANG HOC TAP CO BAN CHO HOC SINH LOP 4,5 QUA M O N KHOA HOC ThS L U O N G P H O C DLTC* Abstract General learning skills or learning basic skills have an important role in the lea[.]
KHA NANG GIAO DUC Kl NANG HOC TAP CO BAN CHO HOC SINH LOP 4,5 QUA M O N KHOA HOC ThS L U O N G P H O C DLTC* Abstract: General learning skills or learning basic skills have an important role in the learning process of students, it helps students solve leaming tasks or conduct of individual leaming activities effectively The paper analyzes and clarifies the ability of leaming skills education for students through Science Subject in grades From there, help teachers better understand and educate learning basic skills in the process of teaching Science and other subjects K T nang hpc tap (KNHT) ehung hay KNHT co cua mdn Tunhien vaXahdi\dp 1,2,3 (nhucac ehu ban cd val frd quan tipng qua trinh hpc de "Con ngudl va sdc khoe", "Ti/ nhien"), 6[iqc eau tap (HT),giup ngudi hpc giai quyet cac nhiem true ehu de d Idp va chu de didp 5, dupc vu HT hoac tien hanh hoat dpng (HB) HT mdt each bien soan tiieo hucmg tich cue hoa HD nhan thde hieu qua Neu ngudi hpc cd KNHT tot tiii qua trinh cuaHS ttii/c hien nhiem vu HT se frdi chay, va dat dupe muc SGK mdn /CHkhdng chieung cap eho HS nhung tieu de vdi chat lupng tdt Mdi KNHT bao gom mot kien tiidc co ban ban dau ve the gidi vat ehat xung sd'tiiao lac tiiuc hien (tuduy va hanh dpng), bieu hien quanh (gitS vd sinh, huu sinh) ma edn day cho HS cij tile cua ngudi cd KN HT tot cae ttiao tae tiiuc hien each hpc va each van dung nhdng kien ttidc da hpc chuan, tiinh h/tiiao tac linh hoat, luu loat, hpp li It thao vao thuc tien cupc sd'ng Npi dung mdn hpe dupe lua tac till/a, phu hpp vdi yeu eau npi dung cong viee, tiet ehpn thiet tiiue, gan gui, ed y nghla dd'i vdi HS, giup klem^ tiioi gian va dat dupe m uc tieu vdl ehait lupng tot HS cdtiievan dung chung vao cupc song hang ngay, tieu hpe, cac KNHT dupe hinh ttianh va phat Trong dd, chu frpng hinh va phattiien kinang tiien tiidng qua HDHT eac mdn hpc Mdimdn hpe deu (KN) HT cac mon KH tiii/e nghiem cd dac frung rieng ve ndi dung va phuong p h ^ HT, 1.1 Cau tivc ngi dung chuang trinh mon KH: qua ddgiip hpe sinh (HS) ren luyen dupc KNHT, song KH4 gom ehu de la: "Con ngudi va sdc khoe"," V^t giao vien (G V) lai itquan tam den dieu degiao due chat va nang lupng", Thi/c vat va dpng vat"; KH5 (GD) KNHT cho HS Mon Khoa hgc (KH) Idp 4,5 cd gom 4chude: "Con ngudi va sdc khoe", "Vat chatva na dung chucmg tiinh rat tiiiettiiyc, tich hpp nhieu finh nang luong", 'Thuc vat va ddng vaf, "M6I trudng va vi/c gan gui, phu hpp vcfi hieu biet tiiuc teeua H S, eung tai nguyen thien nhien" vdi phuong phap day hpe dac bung lattiut hanh, frai 1.2 Tien trinh cac bai hgc SGK dugc nghiem - dd la dieu kien tiiuan Ipi de G D KN HT eho HS Bai wet phan tich, lam rd kha nang GD KNHT sap xep theo mot logic hgp ii: ' Bai hpc ed ttie b i t dau bang viec yeu cau HS suy cho HS Icp 4,5 qua mdn KH;tii66, giup GV hieu ro hon va quan tam GD KH HT frong qua trinh day hpc nghT, nhd lai nhung kien thuc cu hoae lien he den nhung hieu biet cua cac em vdi npi dung HT roi mdi mdn KHcunq nhu cac mdn hpc khac yeu cau HS lam tiii nghjem, ttii/c hanh hoac quan sat 1.Dacdiemcuachuangtrinh,sach giao khoa eae hinh SGK de phat hien kie'n thuc mdi - Bai hpc cung cd the b i t dau bang mot trd chOi (SGK) mon KH d t i e u hpc Theo Quyetdjnh so 16/2006/QD-BGDDT HT, b i n g HD ttit/e hanh lam bai tap hay ttii nghiem 5/5/2006 cija Bptmdng Bp GD-DT ve viee Ban hanh de tim kien ttiuc mdi r6l sau fra Idi eae cau hoi chuong tiinh GD phd'tiidng cap tieu hpe, ndi dung nhim ap dyng nhung dleu da hpc dupc vao tiiue te chuong frinh mdn /CHtich hpp kien tiiuc ve cae finh cudcsOTig Vll: vatii, hoa hpc, sinh hpc, dan so, mditii/dng Trong do, mdtsdkien ttiuc kettiUct va phattrien tiJ'cacchu de * Sd Giao dBC va flao tao Long An 56 Tqp chi Giao due so 368 -(ki 2-10/2015) -Ketttiucbai, HS duoe cung cd'lai nhung dieu da qua nhan tiidc de danh gia cac si/ kien KH va tfiuc hpe b^ng nhieu HD khac nhu ve hoac suu tamtien ddi song hang ngay;-KN phat bleu ykien trudc franh anh,ttidngtinlien quan den bai hpe chdkhdngnhieu ngudi ^ WO ; | | | H S lien he tht/c teva tra Idicau hdi: Hon dontiiulnlatralcncauhdi - SGK dupctiiietkecd cacto^odehtrdngdin HS han nhung sinh vat khac, cupe song eua ngudi ft/ hpc, biet minh phai lam gi de tim hieu bai: H — cdn can nhdng gi? HD HS vda huy dpng vd'n Quan satva tra ldi cau hdi;B Lien hethuc teva hieu bietthi/c te'cua minh, vda quan sat eac tranh gpi y dtrang de tra Idi eau hdi fra ldi; A - T r d choi HT; • Ve; • ^ HD cdthe GD HS nhdng KN sau: - KN frao Thuc hanh; j f Ban can biet Vdi dac diem npl dung, eau trtje ehuongfrinh,SGKddltiidngtin vdi ban; - KN ap dung ketqua nhan tiidc deso sanh, danh gia cac st/ kien KH vatiiuctien d^ nhutren, mdn KHldp 4,5 cd nhieu kha nang de GD sdng hang ngay;-KN hethong hda cae sukien, cae KNHT cho HS Kha nang GD KNHT cho HS thdng qua don vj hpc van, eac bai hpe, cac chu de mon/C//lop 4,5 W£?5:g|Trdchoi"Cupehanh trinh den hanh tinh Mdl bai hpe th udng ed cae HD nhu: quan sat tranhkhac" de cung co nhffng kien thdc da hpc ve nhffng vafra Idi cau hoi • hoac lien hettii/cte vafraIdi eau dieu kien tri susd'ng eua eon ngudi HD HS hi^ |;frjytiieo npi dung bai se cd HDtiiuchanh B , tiiue hien theo nhdm, phai suy nghT, hpi y lua chpn trd choi H T Muc ban can biet Qdmdi bai hpc deu cdnhung thecdghiphUOng an td'tnhat, trinh bay ket qua dicung cap kientiiuclien quan den npidung bai hpe euanhdm Tdng HD, HS phal thuc hien eae nhiem vu khac HD cd the GD HS nhdng KN sau: - KN di ntiau.Dd'i vdi HDpuansa/vaif/a/di''cauftd/;HScan chuyen, hinh nhdm; - KN he thong hda cac nam dupe mye dich quan sat, dd'i tupng quan sat, don vj hpc van (kie'ntiidcd HD 1,2); - KNtiiamgia, each quan sat, ghi chep vatiBIdl hoac trinh bay nhiingtrao dd'iy kien HT ducrt hinh thffc thao luan, thuc dieu quan sat dupe theo yeu eau, HD lien he tht/c te hanh theo nhdm; - KN dd'i thoai,tiiuonglupng va giai vafia^cau/JOT; HSphaihuy ddng vd'n hieu biet da ed quyetnhiingbatd6ng,xungdptvequan dilm vahanh cua minh, s§p xe'p td ehdc lai cac hieu biet dd defraldivi HT; - KN phat bleu y klen trudc nhieu ngudi ^ cau hoi, HS phai cd nhdng thao tac tu dekhai Vidu 2: Bai 20 Nudc cd nhung tinh cha't gi? quat, he thd'ng hoa, ,HD//3ui;/ian/j,HS phai chuan (KH 4) bj dung cuttiuchanh thi nghiem, phai bietttiaotae vdi Bai cd HO dung ey HT nam quy trinh thuc hanh, biet each ghi //£} 7: • H S quan satti^nhva tra Idi cau hoi: cd'c chep, trao doi vdi eac ban cung nhdm, trinh bay ket nao dung nudc, coc nao dung sda? qua, Nhuvay,m6i HD ddi hdlHS can phai cdnhung HD2:^HS\\en hetiii/ctevatraloicau hdi: Kera KNHT tuong dng va qua tdng bai hpc mdn/CWIdp 4,nhung tlnh chat cua nudc ma ban bie't qua bai hpc SedtheGDchoHS nhung KN HO 1,3 neu tren cdtiieGD nhung KN tuong tu Vidu 1: Bai Con ngudi can gide song? nhiiavidtjl HD3: H HS thue hanh cac thi nghidm sau: (KH4) Nudc cd hinh dang nhat djnh khdng? / / d f : | H S quan sat tranh vafra Idi cau hoi: Nhu 2.Donudclen matmpttam kinh dupcdatnghieng mplslnhvatkhae, eon ngudi can gideduy tri susd'ng cua minh? HD HS phai quan sat bdc tranh d tren mptkhay n^m ngang Ban cd nhan xetgi? S.Oonudcvaochiec khan bdng dupc cang phia SGK, trang 4, quan sat eac HD cua eon ngudi tren khay va nhan xet tiBnhdetraldicSuhoi Mua, dudng vacat,ehatnao tan, chEttnao khdng HD cd the GD HS nhdng KN sau: - KN lam viec vdi sach vacac tai lieudangin;-KN quan sat, ghi tan nudc? Dethuc hien dupc HD nay, HS cung GV chuan ehep; - KN phat bieu y kid'n tn/dc nhieu ngudi Muc ban can biet | , HS dpcttidngti'nfrongsach bjcac dung cu, vat lieu delamtiiinghiem,dpc cac yeu deb^sung kiwittiucttongHD 1: Con ngudi khdng ttiecau, hudng din detiiuc hanh, phai quan sat thi nghiem songttiieud-xiqua3-4 phut, khdngtiienhjnuong nucc denitraketluan.ghichep ketqua, trinh bay ketqua 3-4 ngay, cung khdngttienhin an qua 28-30 HD ed the GD HS nhffng KN sau: - KN HD cd theGD HS nhffng KN sau: - KN lam chuan bj va to chffc cae phuongtien,dung ey HT; viec vdi sach vacac tai lieu dang in;-KN apdung ket - KN tochdc, sap xep ehd lam viee va eac dieu kien (ki2-10/2015)- Tqp chi Giao due so 368J 57 NT; - KN bao quan, giugin phuong tien, hpe lieu va dieu kien HT;- KN quan satva tiiu tfiap su kien biing thi nghiem, ttiuc nghiem;-KN neu cau hoi, dat van de, neu gia ttiiet, phan doan va lap luan; - KN ket hop viec tap trung chu y, phan phd'i chu y va di chuyen chu y phu hpp vdi nhffng bien dd1 va hinh thai khac cua dd'i tiipng nhan ttidc; - KN viet va trinh bay; - KN phat bieu y kien tardc nhieu ngudi; - KN tham gia, trao doi y kie'n HT dudi hinh thue tiiao luan, ttiuc hanh ttieo nhdm; - KN lam viec cung frong nhdm hpp tac (trong dd, mdl vien dupe phan cdng nhiem vu rieng); - KN xem xet cac ketquaklem tra va phan tich, danh gia uu, nhupc diem,ttiieus d t Vidu 3: Bai 19 Phdng tranh tai nan giao thong duang'boiKHS) / y £ } ; | H S lien he tiiue teva tra Idi cau hoi;-Ke ve mdt tai nan giao thdng ma em biet*?; - Theo ban nguyen nhan nao d i n den tai nan dd? ^ HO HS phai huy ddng vd'n hieu bie't tiiue te eua m inh da ehung k i ^ ho^c xem tren bao, tivi, nghe ngudi Idn giai ttiich, HD ed ttie GD HS nhflng KN sau: - KN lam viec vdi sach vacac tai Geu dajig in [xem bao); - KN ap dyng ketqua nhan ttiffc deso sanh, danh gia cae su klen KH ya ttiuc tiin ddi song hang ngay; - KN phat bleu y klen tn/dc nhieu ngudi / / £ ? H H S quan sat franh va tra ldi cau hoi: hay chl nhdng viec lam vl pham luat giao thdng cac hinh 1,2,3,4 va neu hau qua cd ttie xay ciia nhflng sai pham HD HS phai quan sat4 bffc tranh d SGK frang 40, quan sat cac HO cua ngudi frong tranh detiB Idi cau hoi HO cd the GD HS nhffng KN sau: - KN lam viec vdi sach va eac tai lieu dang in; - KN quan sat, ghi chep; - KN ap dung ket qua nhan thde de so sanh, danh gia eae su kien KH va thue tidn ddi song hang ngay; - KN frinti bay y kie'n frudc nhieu ngudi WO 5: H HS lien he ttii/e tevafraIdi cau hdi: Ban cd till lam gidetiit/c tiien an toan giao tiidng? HO nayHSvuahuyddngkidnttiucminhdahpc.vdnhieu bietthi/ctecuaminh.vda quan sat eac tranh g p i y d trang 41 de tra ldi cau hdi HO naycdttieGD HS nhung KN sau: -KN quan sat, ghi chep; - KN ap dung ket qua nhan ttiuc de so sanh, danh gia cac su kien KH va tiii/c tiin ddi swig hang ngay; - KN he ttiong hda eac sukien, eac don vi kie'n thde, eac bai hpc, cac ehu de Nhuvay,cdttie_ttiay, vol dac diem mdn /CWIdp4, 5, cac HO frong mdi bai hpc deu cottie GD cho HS I Tqp chi Giao due so 368 nhieu KNHT ttieo ndi dung bai hpe v a ^ h u o n g phap tochdc HD HT cda GV Oieu khang djnh r&ng, mdn KHlap 4,5 cd kha nang GD KNHT rattot Do dd, GD KHHT cho HS qua trinh day hoc /CWIamptnhiemyy quan trpng cuaGVtieu hpc, giup HS khdng chi nam kien ttiffc ma edn cd dupe eac KNHT tdt detiiuc hien nhiem vu HT chung cung nhu tien hanh HD HT ca nhan dat chatlupng tdt,tiJrddgdp phan nang cao ehait luong day hpc.Q Tai lieu tham khao Bui Phucmg Nga (chu bifin) - Luong Vi^t Thai Khoa hoc 4, Khoa hgc S NXB Gido diic H 2005 BiJi Phuong Nga (chu bien) - Lucmg Vi^t Thai Klioa tioc 4, Khoa hpc (sach giao vien) NXB Gido due H 2005 3.D3ngTh&nhHung Diiyhochiendai: Li'luan-bien phap - ki thu^t NXB Dpi hoc Qudc gia Hd Ndi 2002 Luong Phuc DiJc "Nhirng kt nang hgc tSp hcrp tac CO bSn cua hpc sinh ti^u hpc" Tpp chi Gido due, sfl' d?ic bi?l thing 5/2014, trang 112-114 Mflt SO glai phap nang cao iileu qua fTtep theo trang 61) hieu qua dao lao la gop phan thuc hien thang loimuc tieu va nhiem vu chinh In cua Hoc vien PK-KQ Ironp tinh hinh miS Trong 36, van fle coban, col loi la phai nang cao ban I!nh chinh Irj, gid vflng pham chat, dao diic each mang cho HV, gop phan dao lao dgi ngu s?quan PK-KQ uu tu, Iflng b f l i c xay di/ng Quan chiing PK-KQ noi rieng, quan doi nhan dan Viet Nam noi chung cang chinh quy, hi?n dai, dap ling yeu cau bao ve vflng chac To quoc Viet Nam XHCN.Q (1) Dang uy Quan sif Trung uong Ngh| quy^t vfi c6ng tac giao due - dio tao tinh tiinh m