KHAO SAT BAN DAU VE REN LUYEN Kl NANG THIET KE BAI HUC CHO SINH VIEN NGANH GIAO DUC TIEU HDC T R U D N G DAI HDC JflNH ThS NGUYEN THI PHLTONG NHUNG" 1 Trong cau true nang luc nghe nghiep ccr ban cua s[.]
KHAO SAT BAN DAU VE REN LUYEN Kl NANG THIET KE BAI HUC CHO SINH VIEN NGANH GIAO DUC TIEU HDC TRUDNG DAI HDC JflNH ThS Trong cau true nang luc nghe nghiep ccr ban cua sinh vien (SV) flai hoc (DH) nganh giao due tieu hpc (GDTH), kTnang (Kl^)thietkebai hoc (TKBH) la mot nhflng KN nghe q_uan Hoat dong thiet ke(TK) la bleu hien tieu bieu nhat cho tinh chuyen nghiep cua nghe day hoc (DH) Dac biet, xu the doi mcfi npi dung chucfng trinh sach qiao khoa dang dat yeu cau m6i doi vdi giao vien Ueu hgc (GVTH); npi dung chucfng trinh DH mem deo, dupc TK theo hucfng "mo dan", trao quyen tu chd cho nha trucfng vagiao vien (GV), lam chatlupng hpc sinh (HS) khong thap hon chuan kien thuc va KN Dieu khuyen khich susang tao cua ngucri day, nhung cung dat yeu cau cao hpn nang lup chuyen mon cua G V ia GV khong chi biet "nhac lai" kien thuc CO s i n ma phai bietTK cac npi dung DH, tinli huong DH phu hop, hay noi each ktiac, GV phai biet phattrien npi dung, chupng trinh [)H Tuy nhien, chung toi nhan thay rang, viee ren iuyen (RL)KN TKBH van iakhaucCTi nhieu han ciietrong quy trinh to chuc RL nghe Qua trinh dao tao ,{DT) p cac tnidng supham chua dam bao mptcach chjc chin, SV sau tnfdng co Sisap KN t K B H Hp phai hinh Ihanh KN TKBH chOyaj bSng dudng momlm tren CP scfnhung tri thuc truce va kinh nghiem ban than Da soSV gap nhieu iijng ting, kho khan Ihuc hien nhiem vy, khothich un^ vcri cong viec khuon kho bai viet nay, chiing toi de cap nhihig nhan dinh va danh gia ve noi dung chuong trinh DT, phuong thiJc RLKN nghe, KN TKBH eho SV nganh GDTH cung nhuhieu qua RLKN TKBH Viee lam ngoai y nghTa "kiem ehung" chat iupng dau ra, gdp phan giup SV danh gia dung nang luc de phan dau, giup giang vien va cac nha giao dye nhan djnh dung hon ketqua DT, tfl khongngung doi mcj', nang cao chat lUPng DT Thuc trang RLKI^ TKBH cho SV nganh GDTH tai Trudng BH Vinh Dedanh giahieu qua RLKN TKBH eho SV nganh GDTH, chung toidatien hanh khao sat khung chudng trinh danh chp khda OT 52; danh gia ket qua RLKN TKBH tren 60 SV nam thi/4 (thang 1-6/2014) N G U Y E N THI PHLTONG N H U N G " 2.1 Banh gla ndidung chuang trinh, phuang thuc RLKN nghe, KN TKBH cho SV nganh GDTH Qua khao sat npi dung, khung chuong trinh DT chuyen nganh GDTH talTnjdngDH Vinh, ehung toi nhan thay, chudng trinh RLKN TKBH dang ton tai mptsd'van desau: 2.1J.Trongquandiem^canxaydmgchuang trinh BTpabgc So han c/je: Hien nay, chudng trinh DT nghe, nganh G [DTH dupc xay dung theo quan diem tiep can npi dung, tudng u'ng vdi mang npi dung thi SV cd KN gi Cae KN ed ban dupc R L "kem"theo viec hinh cac tuyen kien thfle cua cac mon hoc nhfl: Phuang phap day hoc (PPDH) Tieng Viet, PPDH Toan, PPDH Dao diic, PPDH cac mon Tunhien vaXahoi Vivay, cac nang iuc nghe nghiep chfla duoc hinh mot each cliu dich ma dudi dang "tiem an", phy thupc nhieu vao "co may" cua tflng SV ma cd dupc, KN TKBH chua dflpc hinh mgt each ro rang, bSng cae bien phap DT chuyen biet t.2 Han che ve noi dung DT, qua khao sat npi dung ChUdng trinh BT cua cae trudng DHSP khu Vflc B5c Tmng bg (Tn/dng: DH Vinh, DH Quang Binh, DH Ha TTnh), viee RLKN TKBH d eac trudng supham thong qua cac hpc phan giap due hpc va hpc phan phudng phap bp mdn, ngoai cdn thong qua hoat dpng RLrighiepvu supham thfldng xuyen.Tuy nhjen, tatca cac npi dung DT d^u thieu hut mang ngi dung DT veTK DH, cae hgc phan ii luan DH bp mdn, SV dUdc lam quen vdi cae miu gao a'n, cliflchfla dflpc tim hieu bai ban,cohethong ve li thuyet TK DH; ngi dung RL nghiep vy sfl pham thudng xujen, SV thuc hanh soan giao an dua tren suhfldng dan cuaGVpho'thong.Nhu vay.lrong npidungBT.SV thieu mot c d s d i i Juan day duj^eTK DH noi Chung va TKBH ndi rieng Dieu cho thay, tfl "phdi thai", ban than SV chfla cd nhan thuc day du ve kTthuatTKBH, anh hUdng nhieu den hoatdpng TK va giang day cua SV sau ' Klioa Ciio luc, Tnrong Dai hoc Vinli 22 Tqp chi Giao due so 361 (kl - 7/2015) 2.1.3 Quy tiinh RLKNTKBH chua hl§u qua Cac nhagiaodycdachirariing.quatiinh luyen tap, RLKN chicothedathieuquacao neu kiem soat tot ca3 quy trinh: quy trlnh to chi}c huong d i n , quy trinh luyen tap cua SV vaquy trinh danh gia Nhungthuc trang chung a cac tn/dng DH c6 DT GVTH, viec to chiic RLKN TKBH moi chl dung laitfvjec hlnh cho SV KN "bat chudc", '1am theo mau" cac ban ke hoach DH cua ngudi khac Cac chuang trinh DT cung chua co quy trlnh rieng deOT cac KN nghe nghiep ccr ban, KN TKBH dupcRLthongqua viec RLto hop cac KNDH ccf ban theo mot quy trlnh chung: Hinfi tiianh cdsdii ft/an i/eDH(th6ng qua DH cac hocphan II tuan DH cac bp mon: PPDH Toan, PPDH tieng Viet, PPDH cac mon Tunhien vaXaha _) -^ SVxem miu[^o an, bang hinh, gidday thuc tiln ) - > Thuc hanh tonghgp (tap soan giao an,thuc hanh day tren ldp giadinh}-> Danh gla nhgn xet Quatrinh RL mgt to hop cac KN: KN khai thac nqi dung sach piao khoa, KN scan giao an, KN DH tren kifp, KN kiem fra, danh gia ket qua hpc tap cua SV nen SV chua cotticrtgian thoa dang thuc hanh lu)^en tap dung nghTa, cacTK cua SV hau het la san pham cua qua trinh "sao chep", copy tu nhieu nguon khac nhau, chua phai la san pham tri tue cua cac hoat dpnp lao dong sang tao, Mat khac, each thuc RL theo chien lupc bai ldp -han che nhieu ve khong gian va thdi gian RL cua SV, viec RL dupc tien hanh theo m^u va phu thupc nhieu vao von nang luc tuco cua tiing SV Tinh van dyng va ling dung thuc tiln chua cao, cac giao an ciia SV nhieu khong satvdi thuc te'cua tardng phothong Trong nhiing nam qua, cac truong DH supham da ket noi viec R L n g h i ^ v u supham vdi hethoig cac trudng thuc hanh Tuy nhien, viec TK he thong cac nhiem vu cung nhu viec quan li, dieu hanh qua trinh RL.tacnghl&mtaitn/dngphothong chua mang laiy nghTa nhieu yiec hinh KN TKBH cho SV 2.1.4 Han che ve each tiidc^chOc kiem tia, dinh gia ketqua RL Muc dich ciia kiem tra, danh gia la dieu chinh, djnh huong va giiip SV hoan thlennang luc ban than Tuy nhien, qua trlnh thuong diin viec d ^ h g i a m p t c h i e u theo quy trinh; SV soan bai-> giang vien cham -> dieuchhh bosung (neu cd) Vl?c lam chua co y nghTa nhieu doi yoi SV, boi so lupng SV dong, giang vien cung chi c6 the danhgia nhan xetnhieunhat2sanpham/1SV.Trong vi§c tudanh gia, danh gia lan cac hoatdpng TK chua dupcphathuy, boi phan ldn cac hoat dpng ^ u c hanh chuyeu dupd thut: hien bof phuang thuchoatdpngcanhan.Matldiac.hlen nay, viec RLKN TKBH cung nhu cac KN khac tai cac trucfng DH thieu (kil-7/20i5) bpcong cudanh giaKN Mac du cac trudng dacobp chuan dau cho ma nganh DT nhung ftieo chiing toi, bp chuan chl diing lai rrnte dp tong gual Denang caochatluong RLKN nghenghlep cuthecancocacbp cong cudanh gla, nolathuccdo l^tieu chuan danh gia cho quatrinh DT, tren ca sa do, cac nha quan 11 kiem soatchatche han chat iuong DT 2.2 Banh gia kit qua RLKN TKBH cho SV nganh GDTH tai Trudng BH Vinh 2.2.1.NhinthuceuaSVveTKBH.KUaosalnhm thlic ciia SVve TKBH,chiing toi da sudung bang hoi va 100% s y cho r^ng, TKBH la soan giao an Bieu cho thay, ban ^ a n S V chua hieu day du va hoan toan dung ve khau chuan bj, lap ke hoach DH Khidupchoiveftianh phan caban cua KN TKBH, s v (10%) lua chpn dung Phan Idn so SV lai chua hlnh dung day duKNTKBH,c6 53% SV duac hoi cho r^ng, TKBH bao gom xac dinh muc tieu bai hpc va chuan bi cac phuang tien thiet bj DH Chiing toisiidung phieu danh gla nang luc TKBH cho SV tudanh gla, ketqua nhusau: Bang SV tudanh gia nang luc TKBH Mlic dO muc hien C^tmccuaKNTKBH T6t KNTKmuctUuDH S/60 (t3 %) KNTKnOldunghgcUp 2/60 (3%) KN TK tioat d ^ g hpc ciJa ngifdi tigc, TK ptiifdng pli^p, ki 10/60 (17%) thuit DM cCia GV KN TK cSc ptn/Ong Bfin QiSng j „ „ „ , , „ _ , , dav-hoc BP HOC neu ZZ/BDOni) 5-KNTKmAilnJdnghgciap 2/60(3%) Chua dat BH yhi clu ySuciu 12/60 (20%) 40/60(67%) 9/60 (15 %) 49/60 (62%) 15/60 (25 %) 35/60 (58%) 34/60 (57 %) 4/60 (6%) 13/60 (22 %) 45/60 (75%) Mac dli, 100% SV dupc hoi deu nhan thiic dupc KN TKBH la mot nhihig KN quan trpng cau tnjc nang luc nghe nghiep KN dupc nhieu em lira chpn xac djnh miic dp tot nhat la KN TK cac phuang ti§n giang day - hpc tap, hpc Ilpu (37% SV xac dinh a miic tot} KN cac em ggp nhieu khd khan sii dung, nhat la KN TK no! dung hpc tap (82% xac djnfi (3'miic dp chua datyeu cau), bdi cac em cho r^ng, viec TK npi dung DH la cong viec cua nhung ngudl bien soan sach giao khoa Bang Icho thay, so phan ca ban cua K N T K B H , c d e n K N 2/3 SV chua thucsututin, cac em chua hieu ro KN la gi, kTthuat thuc hien no Tom lai, qua viec khao sat nhan thiic cua SV ve TKBH, phan ldn cac em chua co nhan thiic day du ve TKBH s y nham lan TKBH la soan giao an,ma khongbletrang, giao an chilampttrong cacs£^ pham cua TKBH TKBH la hoat dpng tri tue co ca sd khoa hpc va nen tang kinh nghiem cua nha giao Con giao m la van ban ghi lai ket qua TK, la cong cu ghi nhd Tqp chi Giao due so 361 23 thay cho tri nhd cua ngucfl dayva hau nhuno chl giup ngudi ta khoi quen ket qua cua nhiing gi minh da djnh lam San pham cua TK thudng dupc tiie hien van ban, ban ve, phan mem dien tu, cac phuang tien hoc lieu 2.'2.2.Muc tiiue hien KN TKBH Khao sat ve miic dp Uiuc hien KN TKBH, chiing toi sii dung phuang phap quan sat, danh gia dua tren cac san pham cua quatrinh RLKN DH vathu dupc ketqua nhusau: Bang i^iic thuc hien KN TKBH cua S V MOc thuc hign KN Tigu chl d i n h g i i K N T I S H T6t Khi Tlnh d i y diJ cda nOi 0/60 dung v i c ^ u true ciia KN 10%1 5/60 (8%) 8/60 (13%) 8/60 (13%) 17/60 (28%) 20/60 (33%) a Tlnh hUp ll v6 logic ciJaKN Miic d4 ttiinh I h w cuaKN MQt; dO lmh hoat cuaKN Hi^u q u i cua KN 0/60 (0%) 5/60 (8%) 6/60 (13%) 3/60 (5%) Tmng t}inh 28/60 (47%) 25/60 (42%) 14/60 (23%) 11/60 (18%) 23/60 (38%) Kel qua cac TKBH cua SV TKtdt y g j c^u 25/60 cac h a a i flong hoc (8%) (50%) Co hoi Irai n g h i e m c i i a HS t u o n g 7/60 20/60 33/60 (12%) (33%) [55%) 15/60 35/60 10/60 (25%) (58%) (17%) 5/60 28/60 27/60 (45%) imq veil cac dang bai h o c T m h m u c dich c u a hoat d o n g (42%) S u t U d n g t h i c h c i i a c a c hoat d o n g cua ngudi d a y v d i hoat d o n g ngiiOi h o c M o ta ket qua h o c tSp c u t h ^ Ket qua cac TKBH dupc chung toi xep Uianh loai vdi heUiong cactieu chi nhutren (bang 3); 100% SV dot khao sat lua chpn hlnh thiic Uie hien TKBH la soan giao an L/U diem tdn nhat la da so SV biet cau true ca ban ciia mpt ban TKBH; biet djnh hudng cac hoat dpng va logic cac hoatdpng day va hoat dpng hpc (tren 75% SV datyeu cau), biet mo ta ketqua hpc t ^ c u t h e ( d a t yeu cau trd len 85%); phan ChUa dat cau 30/60 5/60 Y^u, 27/60 (45%) 27/60 (45%) 33/60 (55%) 24/60 (40%) 14/60 (24%) Oat yeu Chuyen cac noi dung hoc tap PhUdng lien OH toi Uu Do nhan thiic nen tang ve TKBH chua tot nen miic dp thuc hien KN nhin chung la chua cao (tile tmng blnh vay&'u kem cdn cao) Tinh day ducua ngidung va cau true KN TKBH va tinh hdp li ve loglccua KN TKBH la thang danh gla miic dp thuc hien KN diing chuan, the hien ca nhan y thtic va hieu duac he thong thao tac thuc hien KN, cho thay miic dat dupc ciia SV thap (loai tot 0%, tren miic datyeu cau 53%) Chiing toi nhan thay, nhieu SV thuc hien chua day ducac thao tac can thig't toi thieu (tren 75%), hoac thuc hien cac thao tac chua toi gian, viec to chtic cac thao tac chua hieu qua hanh dpng Mik thuan thuc KN diidc danh gia dua tren quan sat tiing thao tac, kTthuat thuc hien TKBH ciia SV dang gap nhieu lung tung Thehien d tan suat nhiing thao t a c h a n h v i s a l , khong diing chuan kTthuat (68,5 %); tl lg laip lai thao tac thda, cii chi, hanh vi thuc hien chua thuan thuc Vi vay, hieu qua thuc hien KN TKBH chua cao, cong siic va chi phi dau tu c|ua trinh TKBH Ion 24 g Ketqua cac TKBH cua S V Tieu chl d a n h gia The h[en rd y IUdng DH m d t cSch togic Phan b d l h d i gian h d p l i Tinh c d dong cua TK 10 Tinh hiOu qua ciJa TK (8%) (47%) 15/60 35/60 10/60 (25%) (58%) (17%) 12/60 39/60 19/60 [20%) (65%) (32%) 5/60 25/60 30/60 (8%) (42%) 20/60 35/60 (34%) (58%) 5/60 (50%) 5/60 (8%) 10/60 45/60 (8%) [17%) (75%) 10/60 22/60 28/60 (17%) (37%) (46%) bo thdi gian hqp li (dat yeu cau trd len 92%); lua chpn phucfng tien toi uu (dat yeu cau 83%) Tuy nhien, SV gap nhieu kho khan viet muc tieu DH; cac TK mdi ch I dimg lai viec mo ta nhung thao tac, nhiing hanh dpng ciia G V dechuyen tai cac npidung kien thiit sach giao khoa, ca hpi duoc trai nghiem cac hanh dpng hpc tuang img cac moi trudng hoc tap chua dupc the hien ro (22% dat yeu cau) Trcng cac TKcLia SV, ytudng DH chua dupc the hien tinh logic xuyen suot bai day, tinh sang tao cac TK cung chua duac the hien nhieu Qua trinh TK mdi tinh den kha nang thuc hien cua ban than, su phii hpp vdi npi dung hpc van ma chua quan tam den kinh nghiem nen tang, kien thiic, phong each, sa trudng hpc tap cLia nguai hpc 3.Ykien dexuat Trudc het, can nang cao nhan thirc cua timg giang vien bo mon phuang phap tai cac trudng su pham co BT GVTH ve vai tro cua KN TKBH Bo sung hoac tang them thdi luang ve TK DH vao giang day phan li luan DH deSV codieu kien tiep can vdi nhiing tuu mai nhat v e T K D H noi chung va TKBH noi rieng, tir SV CO quan niem dung dan han ve TKBH Qua trinh hpc nen duoc thay doijirviec luyen cho SV KN lam bai tap sang hudng dan cac em phan tich, van dung, sang tao Chuyen tir phuong phap xaydung chuong trinh theo hudngtiep can npidung (SV duac bao nhieu kien Ihuc) sang hudng tiep can nang luc (SV lam duac gi sau hpc xong chuang trinh) Oieu co nghTa la, lay cac KN then chot, cac Tqp chi Gido due so 361 (ki - 712015) KN ca ban lam true chinh deJK noi dung, co nhuvay mdi hinh mptcach c h i c ehan cac KN can tiiiet cho SV sau truiifng.Tiitruc chinh cac KN nghe nghiap cp ban, can xay dung dupc cao quy trinh hudng d i n , quy trinh RL, quy trinh kiem tra, danh gia tuang iing, tii kha nang dem lai hieu qua RLKN cao han, ch&c ch^n han ling nhu cau UiUc tiln; - TK cac cong cu va danh gia hieu qua UiUC hien KN TKBH cua SV • Tai lieu tham khao Dang Th^nh Himg "Nang lire \h giao diJC theo ti^p can nang lire" Tap chi QMO/I Ugido due, S64y20\2 Dang Th&nh Himg "Thiet k^ hii hpc va tieu chi danh gia" Tap chi Khoa hoc gido dftc, sO' 94/2013 Trong qua trinh RLKN TKBH, can tao ca hpi va Pham Mmh Hung "Tim hi^u ki nang day hgc cua moi ttirdng cho S V trai nghiem, uu tien cac hoat dpng giao vi6n ti^u hpc" Tap chi Gido dfic, sd 125/2005 ti'ai nghiem cung DH tiieo duan la mdt chien lupc Susan J Wolff "Design Features for Project based DH nhieu tien ich, dupc nhieu ttirdng DH tren the gidi learning" Oregon state University, 2004 sudung, hudng tdi_ phat trien nang luc thuc hien cho Suzie Boss and Jane Krauss Reinventing Projectngudi hpc Ban chatcua viec hoc tiiong qua cac duan Based Learning: Your Field Guide to Real-World hpctapddlaSVdupcchudpng lap kehoach,xay dyng Projects in the Digital Age, NARST, 2007 ytiidng,cung hoan ytudng, ketUiucduan secho rasan pham cothedanh giadupc vand gan Tien SUMMARY vcfl t h i ^ ti§i - duan (project) DH ttieo duan laco hpi tot In the structure of professional competence for de to chlic cho SV RL cac KN nghe, c6 KN TKBH,taora moittUotighpc taptfiucte, giau tranghiari, students studying primary education at universities, lesson design skill is one ofthe most important ones nhieu CO hpi thuc hanh KN, nhieu dieu kiendechiase, Lesson design activities are the most typical for this hpp tac va tudanh gia profession However, the training of this skill has Tren day la nghien ciiij budc dau ve thuc trang some problems In the vocational training organizaRLKN TKBH-mpttrong nhiing KN nghe quan trpng tion process This process does not ensure that students master this skill after graduation In fact, it is oau ttuc nang luc nghe cua SV Thuc te DT difficult for many students to cany out their tasks in GVTH trinh dp DH tai cac tnidng su pham ddi hoi tbe future Evaluating tbe training efficiency of each can nghien ciiu sau han venhung van delien quan to basic skill Is necessary and should be a prerequisite chlic, RLKN TKBH: - Lfng dung tuu TK DH for tbe renovation ofthe content and process of trainvao thuc tien trudng DH su pham; - Con dudng va ing in order to improve the qualltyof training of primary teachers at tbe university level bien pliap RL cong KN TKBH cho SV, dap Xay dung quy trinHanh gla (Tiep theo trang 6) bao tinh khach quan, tiing tiSu chiacac linh vuc can dudc phan^thanh cac mdc (1 - diem) 2.4 Toehuc danh gia CLBTcua eac trudng/ khoa SP, gom tu danh gia {danh gia trong) va danh gia ngoai (danh gia ciia chuyen gia) De trien khaitt; danh gia CLDT, cac trudng/khoa SP can lap Hp/ddng ft/tfa/j/j ffs Chlic nang cua Hpi dong la tnen khai tir danh gia va tu van cho truong khoa thupc trudng hoac trudng bp mon thupc khoa ve cac bien phap nang cao CLDT 2.5 XulikSi qua sau danh gia Cac khoa/bp mon can phan tich ketquadanh giadeUiay ro nhOng uu diem cung nhu han che cua minh, td chi nguyen nhan vanhiing dieu kien dedam bao va nang cao CLOT Danh gia CLOT la mot phan quan trpng quan li CLDT ciia cac oa sd giao due OH noi (ki • 7/2015) Chung, cac trudng/khoa S P ndi rieng Vi vay, viec tim hieu xay dung quy ttinh danh gia chat lupng dao tao d cac frudng/khoa SP lamptviec lam can tiiiet va cap bach nham gop phan nang cao chat lupng dao tao giai doan hien Q (1) DSng COng san VietNam Viln kien Ngbi quyS't Hoi nghi l i n thii' 8, Ban Chfl'p hanh T r u n g mmg khoa XI van phbng Trung urnig Dang, H 2013 Tai lieu tham khao Le Due Ngpc Do ludng va danh gid qua hpc t^p giSo due NXB Dgi hQC qu&c gia Hd Ndi, 2002 NguySn Van Tu^n C h a t luwng gido due dai hoc nhin tnr g