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PHAT TRIEN NANG LITC DOC HIEU TRUYEN CO TICH GHD HDC SINH « '''' • dTRlTdNG PHO THONG PGS TS PHAIVI THj THU HUONG'''' Abstract Reading comprehension is one af important general competencies Teaching fairyta[.]
PHAT TRIEN NANG LITC DOC HIEU TRUYEN CO TICH GHD HDC SINH dTRlTdNG PHO THONG ô'ã PGS.TS PHAIVI THj THU H U O N G ' Abstract: Reading comprehension is one af important general competencies Teaching fairytales according to oriented competency development should guide students to approach basing on the specific genre prosody, diversity forms of organizing reading comprehension activities to make an "explained community", vary forms of performing the tasks of each activity to promote positive students, create the inheritance and development through reading each text, while expanding the scope of reading fairytales beyond the school curriculum, connect fairytales with students' real world Testing and evaluation is an effective tool to navigate back to the teaching process, contributing to the development of students' competency of fairytales reading comprehension at school T rong nhatardng phothong, tmyen ed'tich (TCT) duoc hpc oca ba cap Kha nang dpc hieu TCT cua ban dgc hgc sinh (HS)cap trung hpc dupe hien thuc hda vao mdtsdndi dung cythesau:-Tdm tat truyen; - Kejai tmyen; - Hieu dupc ndi dung, y nghTa va dae sac nghe thuat cua cac TCT; - Nhan dien duoc cac dae diem eo ban cua the loai; - Van dyng hieu biet ehung veTCT de nhan dien, phat hien cac chi tiet than ki va dpc hieu ndi dung, y nghTa cua tdng tmyen; - Van dyng kT nang dpc hieu TCT de budc dau md rdng pham vi dpc eua ban than; - Van dung cac bai hpc tdTCT vao viec dng xu, giai quyet dung dan,thdng minh cactinhhudngtrong cupcsdng hang Td viec dpc hjeu TCT, HS dupc hinh va phattrien cac pham chat nhu Idng nhan hau, thai dp trpng an nghTa, de cao gia tri thuc sueua ngU(S, biet dau tranh ehdng lai cai xau, eai ae, bao ve hanh phuc cua ban than,tinh tiian yeu chupng hda binh, cd ude mo va niemtinbien udc mo trdthanh hien thuc, blettran trpng tai nang vasudyng tai nang vao nhung myc dich idt dep, hudng tiiien, Phat trien nang luc dpc hieu TCT cho HS tu dac trung thi phap the loai Hut^gdin HSdgc hieu TCT la toehuc tiep nhan mgtthebaithugebaihinhb/si/dangian.Y\vay,T)am dupc cdt truyen la co sd de tai tao, lam sd'ng day the gidinghethuattrongvan ban,dua thegidi ay td ion tai khach quan ben ngoai trd tiianh hien hOu cam tinh ben mdi ban dpc Nhung dpc hieu TCT la dpc hieu mdt toai hinh t y s y dan gian, mang dac tmng nguyen hgp, tinh tmyen mieng, tinh tap theva tlnh di ban Nhan vat tijsy dan gian la nhan vat chdc nang nen can dupc quan tam ehu yeu td phuang 26 Tqp chi Giao due so 367 dien hanh dpng Thdi gian nghe thuat eua tusu dan gian latiidi gian qua khd, mdtchleu Khdng gian cung mang dae diem tam ttidc dan gian vdi nhung quan niem, gidi han rieng Van ban t u s u dan gian chila mdt tn/dng hpp cy the dupc cd djnh hda he tiiong lien van ban"vditinhchatmd, khdng cdban ke cudi cung,cdnhung yeu tdbat bien vayeu to kha bien, gan vdl phong each nghe thuattap the - phong each tusudangian Cacdaetamg ndi bat cua TCT latinh chathucau ki ao cua thegidi nghe thuat, tinh hoan tatye cot tmyen vdi ket thuc cd hau an djnh theo quan diem cua nhan dan: on den oan tra, thudng phat phan minh va tinh chatgiao huan trietlisau sac bang phuongthdctrinii bay eua eo tich Dac tmng ttie loai djnh hudng cho ngydi day hpc TCT nen tap tnjng vao md'i quan he dd'i lap gida cac tuyen nhan vat, chi nhan vat chinh dien vdi nhung dae diem eu the tieu bieu eho quan niem ve dao due cua nhan dan, nhan vat phan dien vdi nhdn_g tiidi xau, tinh each can len an; tinh chat mau thuan xung dot giua cac tuyen nhan vat dupc 8ie hien tiieo ehieu hudng tang tien nhutiienao tac pham Day eung la ca hdi va tiid thach de nhan vat ehinh dien thehien pham ehat, tai nang cua ban than, vupt qua va chien th^ng, ddng thdi nhan vat phan dien ttie hien day du, tap trung cac phuang dien Ipc Ida, traoti^d,tham lam, bdi bac, Ket thuc TCT bao gid cung cd mot ket cue rd rang theo dao li cua dan gian Vi vay hudng d i n HS xac dinh cy the dau la phan thudng danh cho nhan vat chinh dien, dau la si; tnjmg phgt ttiich dang nhan vai phan dien laco sdde nhan thay tiidng d i ^ dao ddc rd rang, nhat quan cua tac gia dan gian, cung nhu niem tin, udc mo, khat * Tnrdng Dai hoc Sir pbam Ha No! -(kil-10/2015) vpng vemdtttiegiditdtdep.caittiien ludn ludn ehien thang cai ac, ngudi tdl dupc den bu, ke xau phai den tdi, ngudi dupc toa sangta nang, nhung sdphan thiet thdi dupc bu tnJrphan Uiua thiet bat hanh ddisong ttiuc, Song dd l a n h i ^ g gi "can ed" va "nen cd" chdkhdng phai da cdvach^ehSnsecd.Detiida man ude move the gidi cdng b^ng tdt dep,tac giadan gian dasddung cac yeu tdttian ki, hoang dudng nhu mdt phuonp tipn nghe ttiuat d i e li/c HS can nhan dien eac yeu td nay, nhan kha nang ki dieu giup nhan vat chinh diet tn) eai ac sao, md dudng eho nhanvatchinh ddl ddinhuttienao,dong thdi tim ray nghia eua eac yeu tdttian ki Mdittudng tdn tai thlic syeua van hpe dan gian la phUOng thdc dien xudng truyen ttidng: ke, hat, ngam, ndi, dien Ngudi day nen chuytao khdng gian cd tich de tien hanh hoat ddng ke', ddng thdi cung luu y HS dupe quyen sang tao nhung gi Icri ke diln cam eua ban than vadam bao nhung gj de tuan ttiu dac tiung vda hoan lat, xong xudi cua cdt tmyen, vda ed dp mo, khong ed ban ke cudi cunp Phat trien nang lyc dpc hieu TCT cho HS t r o n ^ q u a t r i n h to chuc day hoc trung hpc, cd TCT dupc dua vao chuong trinh hpc tap cua HS Moi van ban dupc dpc la mpt "m au" tieu bieu cua cae tieu loai Van ban dpc sau ke tiiua each dpetiJ"van ban dpe trude, dong thdi phat trien them mpt budc, hudng sang nhan dien, tiep can mdt tieu loai mdi Ket thue viee dpc hieu TCT, HS khdng chi nam vdng npi dung, nghe ttiuat, y nghia cua ttjmg tac pham ma cdn ed kha nang dgc eac tac pham cung kie bai mgt each dgc lap d^mdc cua ban doc HS Phattrien nang luc dpe hieu TCT eung gan lien vdi viec m d rdng pham vi dpc ngoai canh eua nha tmdng Nhat la boi canh tien tdl mdt chuang trinhehatve chuan vamdve pham vi cac van ban dpc tuang lai Giao vien (G V) cd ttie xay dyng cac hoat ddng chu trpng tdi dieu nhu hoat dpng t i ; tim kiem ttiem TCT cung tieu loai va hinh rihat ki dpc sach Phat trie'n nang lyc dpc hieu van ban cung can quan tam den viee ket nd'i van hpc vdi ddi sdng,TCT vdi ttiegidi ttiyc tai cua HS.Chang han, tddpc hieu tmyen Cay btit than (NgU: van 6), HSdupchudng d i n typhathlen tai riang dac biet eua ban ttian va suy nghT xem lam ttie nao de dem tai nang ay phyc vy cho gia dinh, xa hdi Theo djnh hirdng dd.cdttiesddung mptsd'bipn phap sau dephat tiien nang lyc dpc hieu van ban TCT cua HS quatrinh to chuc day hoc: 2.1 Ba dang hoa cac hinh thtic toehuc hoat dgng dgc hi&i TCTdet^ mgt "cgngdong (ki 1-10/2015)- iigiai"trong ti^ nhan van hoc.''C6r\g66r\g\ig\af'^ dupc to' chue ttieo hudng phdi hpp cac hinh thdc to' chuc hoat ddng ea Idp, hoat dpng nhdm, cap, hoat ddng ea nhan vahoatdpng vdi cdng dong Cong daig khdng chi ddng kliep mdi trudng Idp hpe ma dupc phat trie'n ttieo djnh hudng m d d cac hoat ddng bd'sung Tiep nhan van hpc da tu eanh ctia nha tmdng de budc vao cudc sdng, tmdc het la den vdi gia dinh, sau la cac vien khac xa hdi Day cun^ la CO hpi deHS hieu ring kien ttl deed the den tu nhieu nguon, ngoai hpc tap nha trudng, viec ty hpc va mdrpng nguon tim kiem, trao ddl kien thdc la dieu cung quan ttpng khdng kem Tuy vay,tie'p nhan tap ttie'cung cd nliung han che can phai ludng trudc deed ttie'tdchuc tdt cae hoatddng HS ed ttie ttiu ddng, '1am guf'vao ketqua lam viec cua ngudi khac Vivay,GVcanchuyquantam den nhirng kTthuat CLI tiie'cho tung hoat dpng de dam bao vien nao cung edddng gdp ctio ketqua chung 2.2 Badmg /ida cac hinh thuc tht/c hien nhiem vfj cOa moi hoat dong dephat huy tinh tich cue a ban dgc HS h-ong dgc hieu TCT6e\rar\h cam qlac don dleu nham ehan; can tang cac "kenh", cac hinh ttl dc "vat chat hda"hoatdprigcam thy von ton tai ben ttong ben ngo£u de cdttiequan sat, dieu khien, c^eu chinh, hd trp, khieh le kip ttidi Cu the: - Sudtjng cau hoi van dap: C au hoi can ^\idc "bde tach" tiianh nhirng nhiem v y c u ttie d e H S d l t t i i i c hien, cdtinh chat gpi md, tim kiem tdng to kien tiidebaihpc Ngudi dexuatvasudungcau hdi khong chl la G V (ttong cac hoat dpng ttieo Idp) ma la chinh ban than HS (hoat dpng nhdm, cap, ca nhan, ) - Sudung tranh/anh deneu yeu cau nhiem viz H inh ttidc ttiudng dupc apdyng hoat ddng khdi dpng de tang tinh hap dan, thu vi, kich iioattri tudng tuang, lien tudng cua HS Vidy vdi taiyen " d n p lao danh ca va ca van^' (Ngu van 6), G V cd the' su dyng anh minh hpa truyen "Cay kh0' (Ngu van 6}, liay "Chuyen vua Mi-dat thich vand', di kem vdi yeu cau HS taihien vdn hieu bielvecotich, iam cosddedenvd^baihpcmdl - SudLing eau hoi trie nghiem khach quan de hudng dan HS tai hien cac npi dung cd san hoae nhan dien mptsddae diem ve mat hinh thdc cua van ban, lam CO sd de cd the tai tao, cam nhan, eSt nghTa h'ong qua trinh tiep nhan TCT, hoac cung cd the de td'ng ketketquadpc hieu - Sudting bang bieu, sado C o s d d e xay dyng eac s a d o la: npi dung ciia phan kien thij'c bai dpe gdm nhiing tdbp phan nao; quy luat tiep nhan van hpe eua ban dpc: td tri giac den tai tao, li Tqp chi Giao due so 367 I 27 Phat trien nang luc dpc hieu TCT eua HS giai, danh gia, ; nhung sang tao viee cam nhan ehieu sau cua thdng diep nghe thuat qua lioat ddng kiem tra, danh gia 3.1 Banh gia trude bai hge GV c6 the diing tac pham va kha nang "hien thj hda" cam nhan ) phap quan sat vdi hinh thuc ghi chep hoac bSng cac yeu td hinh ve, hpa de bieu dat y tudng - l^ng nghe phan trinh bay mieng cua HS,., sang tao ciia ban ttian (nhat Isi dd'i vdi viec xay dung ja trinh khdi ddng bai hpc cac so hudng dan HS tiep nhan tae pham van Banh gia bai hoc: danh gia qua trinh ehuang) Vi vay, dieu can dae biet luu y sir ua thuc hien nhiem vu cua HS GV nen phoi dung sado, bang bieu la: sy tai hien ndi dung b'ong so phai la co sd de di tie'p qua trinh tiep hop giUa danh gia cua minh va tudanh gia cue HS nhan van ban;ttanheach hieu ddng nhat viec hoan bang each cung cap mau phieu danh gia cho moi so do, bang bieu vdi hoan viec phan nhdmycap sau cac nhiem vu Nen hudng dan HS tap tich, cam nhan ve don vj kien thuc npi dung tmng v -i3 tieu chi danh gia: thai dd (tich cue, kha tich bai dpc Chung chi la nhung "gia dd vat chaf de cuC,ct'Ja lich cue, ) vamuc dpddng gdp, hoan tren casddd,HS"nhapttian"vaotae pham, sdng n i i j a i vu (tdt, kha, trung binh, } GV cung cdthe si} dyngro so hpc tap gdm cac tai lieu dupc tap hpp cung vdi nhan vat, tinh huong, -Sddung hinh U}dckedi^camirongho3\6qng toan bp qua trinh hpc tap bai hoc hoac cac chu ttiuc hanh hoac hoatdpng bo sung Keeung la each debaLhoc nhu: Phieu danh gia qua trinh hoc tap, cac ttidc de lam "sd'ng" van ban TCT mdi tmdng san J i a m , ket qua bai lam ung vdi tdng nhiem vu,., ^ d i d o t qua trinh hoc tap, viec nhin lai toan bp hose didn xudng eua nd • SudLing tm chai nhantfju&ttonghoat ddng khoi secho !hay mdc ddtien bd, phat trien cua tdng HS dpng va thye hanh, tao sy ttiu, idm the tiep trongmgtgiai doan nhat dinh nlian tich eiJC Vi du, vdi truyen "Cay biit thart', GV IJipA| Banh gia ke't thtic: Trong day hpc TCT theo cd ihe tochdc eho HS ehai theo nhdm trdehoi "Chiec d|nh|udng phattrien nang luc, viec danh gia khong hM) udc mo": tudng tupng batien cho mdi ngudi mpt H J j ^ i d v R i ] cau tai hien kien thuc ma can chuyden dieu udc ki dieu, HS viet vao manh giay mau minh nhiJng cau hdi, bai lap yeu cau tuduy phan lich, tong mong ude ed dupc tai nang gi va bo vao chiec hpp hpp, ktiai quat hda, dac biet la kha nang van dung udc ma.Nhdm tnidng se bdcttiamdelay mpt dieu j Q ^ I ^ trai nghiem dpc hieu TGT da cdvao dpp cac udc Cac ttianh vien nhdm mdi ngudi ndi mpt vlriBin cung loai, Vi dy, d THCS, bai kiem tra eau de tra Idi cau hdi "Em se dem tai nang cua minh ^ H | e loai, ngoai cau hoi lien quan true liep den Iri^ t h u c * cac van ban chuong trinh, GV cottie delampi?" - SudLing hinhffiucve tranh dua tren cam thu ve neuBiung cau hdi theo dinh hudng van dung de /acpftam: Day la mdt hinh ttidc hoat ddng lien mdn phatnliy nang iuc dpc hieu nhu: Neu duac song icotich, em mong muon minh se dugc ban phu hop vdi vieettepnhan van ban van hpe, vdi hirng J dieu gi?Vi em lai mudn nhuvay^ Hoac: ttiu bid^u dateam nhan eudc sd'ng bing tranh anh cua ^dithieungan ggn vemgt TCT em da dgc them HS GV nen danh gia bdc ve cua HS nhu la mdt cac tac pham sach giao khoa theo gpi y "kenh" bleu dat khac veviec cam tiiy van ban, tao co leu ten truyen; Truyen thupc cotich than ki hay hplde HS chia secam nhan cua minh vdl mpi ngudi qua bdc ve, hon la mpt bai tap ve hpi hpa Hinh thuc cotich sinh hoat, cotich loai vat? Tdm tatngan gpn cot j ; Truyen ca ngpi va phe phan nhan val nao? nayttiudngdupc sudyng hoat dpng ung dyng inhannhuem baihpcgi? hoae bo sung sau bai lipc TCT ioai ra, G V cung co the cung cap mot van ban - Sddijng cae duan day hge TCT Vi du: du a i khac va kiem tra nang luc dpc hieu cua HS "Buccvaottiegidicotich"cdmyctieu gidittiieucho ca ldp mpt TCT (ttong hoac ngoai chuong trinh), hoac bang hethong cau hoi phu hop • mpttac pham sang taottieola cotch (cotich \m\ dai) San p h ^ cua dy an cdttiela banttiuyettrinh va tiinh chieu PowerPoint; vakjchchuyaittiettJrtac pham, tap san; bai ttio bi sy ke lai cau chuyen, G V eung HS xae djnh cactieuchidarih gia san pham, cdng bd cactieu chi bat dau dyan Duan duae tien hanh ngoai gid song song vdi qua trinh dpc hieu TCT tren kip 28 Tqp chi Gido due so 367 f'M^r fflih va phat trien nan_g tuc dpc hieu van b a n ^ o HS ia mdt qua trinh Mdi the loai cd nhimg dac frung rieng ve thi phap quy dinh each tiep can de c t i ^ U n h Phat tnen nang lucdpchieuTCT cho HS c u r B a n bam sat yeu cau ddlren cosdhieu biet thau daonnirng dac diem tiep nhan, nen tang hien ed cua (Xem tiep irang 34} -fki - 10/2015) ... xong xudi cua cdt tmyen, vda ed dp mo, khong ed ban ke cudi cunp Phat trien nang lyc dpc hieu TCT cho HS t r o n ^ q u a t r i n h to chuc day hoc trung hpc, cd TCT dupc dua vao chuong trinh hpc... typhathlen tai riang dac biet eua ban ttian va suy nghT xem lam ttie nao de dem tai nang ay phyc vy cho gia dinh, xa hdi Theo djnh hirdng dd.cdttiesddung mptsd''bipn phap sau dephat tiien nang lyc... ''1am guf''vao ketqua lam viec cua ngudi khac Vivay,GVcanchuyquantam den nhirng kTthuat CLI tiie ''cho tung hoat dpng de dam bao vien nao cung edddng gdp ctio ketqua chung 2.2 Badmg /ida cac hinh