PHliT TRIEN NANG lUC DOG HIEU GHO HOC SINH PHD THONG MUC TIEU TAT VfU CUA CHVONC TRINH NCff VAN 1 Phat trien nang luc doc hieu (NL6H) cho hoc sinh (HS) trung hpc pho thong (THPT) nhin tir xu huong tie[.]
PHliT TRIEN NANG lUC DOG HIEU GHO HOC SINH PHD THONG MUC TIEU TAT VfU CUA CHVONC TRINH NCff VAN ThS D O A N TH! THANH HUYEN* Phat trien nang luc doc hieu (NL6H) cho OH eua ca nhan luon g&n vdi su ehia se, tuang tac hoc sinh (HS) trung hpc thong (THPT)-nhin cpng dong Idp hpc Nhu vay, vdi muc dich phat tir xu huong tiep can nang luc (NL) viee trien NLDH eho HS, CT da cd nhirng dinh hudng rat xay dung chuang trinh (CTj phd thong eu the, ro rang de hudng tdi "dau ra" euoi eiing - la Xuat phat tuyeu cau thye tien vedao tao, giao due NL eua HS.Day cdthe coi la dac diem chinh etja cae HS,frep can A//, da va dang tra mpt xuthe CT giao due thiet ke'di/a tren ea sd NL viee xay dung CT thong cua nhieu nuoe tren the Ben canh dd, de cap van de "NL va van de gidi qua trinh cai each giao due tiif nam 2000 phattrien NLDH eho HS", khong the khong xem xet de'n Du da eo rat nhieu eac each dinh nghTa, tieu ehuan danh giaHS cija td'chu'e PISA (Programme phan loai khac nhau, song ve ea ban, "NL" vin dupe for International Student Assessment) (2) - mpt CT hieu la gan vdi kha nang thuc hien vamudn thuc hien khao sat HS quoc te nham danh gia HS vua hoan Cac nha thiet ke CT da phan loai NL can hinh thanh CT tmng hpc casd (15 tuoi) PISA da lay thude va phat trien eho HS Trong he thong eae NL ehung NL lam chuan Baithi PISA gom eae cau hoi veba (hay eon gpi la NL "xuyen CT", NL chinh, NL ea ban, ITnh vuc: NLBH, NL khoa hgc, NL toin hgc Ket qua NL chii yeu, ) cua toan CT giao due, NLBH dupe khao sat cua PISA dupe danh gia la tot nhat de nhan ham ehua linh vuc NL khac rpng han (nhu: giao dinh ve NL tu eua HS Qua viee lua ehpn eac npi tie'p, lam ehu nqon ngCr, dpe - viet) dung de danh gia kha nang hieu biet ciia HS lira tuoi Vidu.eothexem xet quan diem phattrien NLdpe nay, PISA da dem de'n "thong diep" mang tinh toan (ehinh xac la "dpe va nghe eac van ban viet, van ban eau: phat trien NL (trong dd NLDH) can dupe coi la noi va van ban tmyen thong") eua CT Ngonngunghe chien lupc giao due ('/)i/arOue/)ec(1) vai nhung npi dung ea ban nhu: dac Xem xet khung danh gia ehung veDH cua PISA diem ehinh cua NL dpe; tieu ehi danh gia; nhifng ket 2009 (2) vdi eae npi dung: Gidi thieu; Cau tnJc cua qua can dat sau ca bac hpc; nhirng tieu ehi bieu hien khung NLBH; Binh nghia ve NLBH thong; Gidi si; phat trien eua NL dpe Trong do, dac diem ehinh han pham vi ve ngi dung, loai van ban; Banh gii ve cua NL dgc bao gom: - Tieh hpp ho sa dpe, quan NLBH; Nhung yeu tdthugc ve dgng ca vi thai diem va cae chien thuat de tao nghTa eho van ban NLBH; Bio cio ve tinh hinh NLBH; Kit luan , mpt van canh eu the; - Tro chuyen ldp ve cd the thaiy mot so'"diem nhan" nhu sau: - OH d day hoi ung (response) rieng eua ban than doi vdi van dupe nha'n manh la gan vdi mot doi tucmg cu the (HS ban; - The hien moi quan he giira nguai doc, van ban pho' thong) nen PISA da dung thuat ngif "reading va van canh dudi anh sang eua nhirng eam nhan literacy"-flWp/!d'//)dnfl'(de phan biet vdi trinh dpOH rieng; si/phat trien eua NL dpe dupe nhin nhan d cua nhifng nha nghien cifu);-"OH pho'thong"dupe hai goe dp ehinh: hdsadgccua HSva kha nang dat phan tieh va khSng dinh la mpt kT nang, la NL nen nhiing cich hieu vin ban vao moi quan hegiOa ngudi tang cua HS,gSnvdiquatrinh hpc tap dai lau va cupc dgc, vin ban, bo'icanh song cua cae em ca da rdi ghe nha truang Ti]fmpts6'netca ban tren, CO thedi de'n mpt vai ket Khai niem dupe dua va phan tieh rat kT sir luan ve quan niem cua nhifng nha lam CT Ngdn ngu so sanh ydi dinh nghTa cua chinh PISA nam 2000: nghe thuat Quebec - Qua trinh dgc hieu (DH) phai "BH phd thong la hiiu, sudung, suy ngim va hiing dupe bieu hien "ho sa dpe" mpt each cu the thu vdi cic van ban viet dedal dugc nhimg muc dich, (vdi eac muc: chien thuat dpe; chien thuat de hieu, phat trien kie'n thuc, tiem nang va tham gia vao xa nghien euli va to ehufc thong tin; phuang thu'c va tiie hgP Nhu vay, djnh nghTa da nhan manh loai dupe yeu eau; xay dung nghTa: cae khai niem, eae moi quan hegiifaOH vdi viee van dung ketquaOH de quan diem va eae y tuang dieu chinh); - Viee hieu van ban luon dupe gan vdi van canh eu the; - Qua trinh (kil-2/2014) * Khoa Ngir van, Tnrting Oai hoc sir pham Ha Npi Tap chi Gido due so 327 33 phat trie'n ea nhan eon ngudi, de ket noi vdi xa hpi va hpi NLdgc eo quan he true tie'p vdi su phat trien hanh dpng; - Cae van ban diing de kie'm tra kha nang chung cua HS nhu tu duy, ngon ngu va qua OH dupe da dang hda; - Nhifng to mang tinii hpc tap eua hp", "Bgc la NL tai tao im thanh, NL nhan dpng cava thai dp trongOH dupe coitrpng (tren ccisd thuc nhifng dan vj eu phap va am dieu, gipng dieu li giai tu ket qua nghien ciifu thuc te gan day ciiirng chinh xac eua chung Suphat trie'n NL dpe cdsu dong minh nhifng to eo lien quan chat che tdi ket gdp ehungeua cac mon hpe nha tnrdng, nhung dpe van van chiem vj tri quan trpng nha'f va "Rieng quayaNLDH) Viet Nam, yeu eau phat trie'n NL eho HS hien doc van chuang cdn ddi hdi ngudi dpe phai cd NL cung dang la mot van dedupe cac nhagiao due quan sdng cung tic pham, NL ddng cam, chia se, tinh cam tam va eo xu hudng hien thuc hda CT Trong khoan dung va hieu dupethe gidi nghe thuat eiing dinh hudng dupe neu Bi'an Phat triin CT thi hieu van hpe diing din" Ban ve van de nay, giao due phd'thdng Viet Nam sau2015((iu\hao), TS Nguyin Trpng Hoan cung cho rang: "Bgc vin dinh hudng dau tien dupe neu la "Phittrien NL ngudi nhi trudng vua mang nhiing net phd quit cua iigd" - cu the: "CTdugc xay dung hudng tdiphat trien hoat dgng tri tue noi chung, lai cd nhiing net die thu bdi tinh dinh hudng cua mdn hgd' va khang djnh: "La nhung NL ehung Bdng thdi hudng tdiphit trien nhOng NL chuyen biet'.Iheo GS.TS Nguyen Minh Thuyet: mgt hoat dgng die thu, cd inh hudng xuyin tham ''Khd khin nhat xiy dung CTtheo dinh hudng de'n cic phuang dien khic cua quy trinh tich hgp va NL la xic dinh danh sich cic NL can hinh va lien thong kien thiic, phittrien NL dgc cho HS co the phit trien d_ ngudi hgc vi dd khong phai ii mgt he dugc xem la mgt chii'n luge ddi mdi phuang phip day hgc NVhiin na/ (5) Hay qua trinh thdng co sin nhu khii niem khoa hod' (3) Rieng doivdim6n/Vfif(?varj(NV),PGS.TS06Ngpe phan tich ve "doe gia tieh cue qua trinh DH van Thong de xuat mpt haimuetieu can nhan manh ban", TS Pham Thj Thu Huang da "phae hpa chan la "Hinh vi phit then cic NL cot loi vi NL die dung" de nhan dien mot ban dpe tich cue liang 10 thucua mon hgc; die biit la NL giao tii'ff •,cac mach hoat dpng eu the, la: 1) H uy dpng tich cue nhifng tri kTnang Idn eau mon hoc gom "NL tii'pnhin"va thu'c, trai nghiem OH; 2) Xac djnh muc tieu doc; 3) Giai ma van ban; 4) Tao ket noi va sau qua "NLtaolapl'(3) trinh dpe van ban; 5)_Dudoan; 6) Hinh dung, tudng Phat trien NLDH cho HSTHPT-nhintirban tuang; 7) Suy luan, cat nghTa; 8) Oat cau hdi; 9) Tong chat hoat dong "doc hieu" Nhu vay, nhin tuxu hudng tie'|3 can NL viee hpp, danh gia va van dung; 10) Giam sat viee hieu cua xay dung CT pho'thong, CO the khang dinh: mpt ban than (6) Day chiph la nhifng "thude do" eho mpt nhifng NL can phattrien cho HS THPT chinh laOH dpe gia cd NLDH, dong thdi ciing la su chi din eho Ndi each khac, day chinh la mpt "dich de'n" quan trpng viee phattrie'n NLDH cho ngudi dpe (gom eaban doc eiia mon hpe NVlrong boi canh giao due mdi Tuy nha trudng) Phan tiep theo, tac gia da dua vay, khong phai ban de'n each tie'p can CT theo cac "chien thuat OH" de ap dung vao thuc tien qua dinh hudng NL, van de phat trien NLDH eho HS qua trinh day hpe van ban nha trudng Tdm lai, dii edtarctiep gan "OH" vdi "NL" hay khong mon A/I/mdi dupe dat - bdi ban chat eua "hoat thi hoat dpng "DH" van ngam chua npi ham eua dpng tie'p nhan" ciing nhu "hoat dpng dpe, OH" theo quan niem eua cac nha li luan van hpe, cac nha li luan no NL cua eon npudi-bdi ban ehateua hoat dpng doc phuang phap day hpc da ham chifa tinh NL rat ro Vi ndi ehung da the hien NL van hda,_NL ngon ngif, NL vay, nghien cifu ve OH van chuang nha tie'p nhan, dd da bao ham rat nhieu nhifng NL truang, cae nha khoa hpe deu thonp nhat d mot tu phan khac nifa Vi the, eac cong trinh nghien tudng: BH la mgtNL quan trgng, can hinh va cifu nghieng ve li juan OH hay hudng tdi nhifng thao phattrien cho HS; cothecoila mpt nhifng nhiem tac, kT nang, chien thuat OH cu the, dii khong xac djnh khai niem "NLDH" nhung thuc chat muc dich vu, muc dich ca ban, nen tang eua mon NV euoi cung cung chinh la ren kT nang OH, phat trien Trong euon "KTnang doc hieu Van" (4), GS.TS NLDH eho ngudi doc, nhat la eho HS Nguyin Thanh Hiing da true tie'p ndi veNLva NLDH Van de phat trie'n NLDH eho HS khong nhu sau: "NL eua eon ngudi ed duac la nhd su lao edn mdi la nhung hien vin mang tinh "thdi su" Du dpng thudng xuyen, lau dai, can day hu'ng thii chuang trinh NVco dupe xay dung theo hudng tiep NL dupe hinh nhd mpt phan khong Idn eua can nao, N L vin la dich de'n quan trpng cua day nang khieu hoac tai nang Noi de'n NLBH la ndi de'n hpc bp mon va mang tinh chien luae qua trinh NL ngon ngireua eon ngudi", "Da so eac nha nghien cifu hieu khai niem NL dgc la NL van hoa cd gia trj xa (Xem tiep trang 38) 34 Tap chi Gido due so 327 (kil-2/2014) Hpkhang djnh mdtlesdng, mdt triet li sd'ng: "Susghai yeu dudi li nai cii ic tim ve", "Khdng ddi liia trude (Tiep theo trang 34} dudng" Ngudi ban nhat ciing ta ddng hanh tren eon dudng dan ddc la niem hi vpng: 'Tii'ng dao tao giao due HS - nhat la d Viet Nam hien vgng vang: tan cung cay ding la vi nggt/Anh sing a van ehua ed mdt chuyen luan nao nghien cuu ki ve NLDH ciia dd'i tupng HS eu the Han niia, "NL" nai chua cd dudng" Nhieu y kie'n cho ring trudng ca Tran Anh Thai ciing nhu"NLDH" la nhifng khai niem ludn phattrien "da gipng dieu", gipng dieu tu su giau cam xiic "mdt nen rat can dupe tie'p tue nghien cifu de cd the djnh nghTa, phan biet mot each ranh mach vdi cae khai thd gipng rat khoe, cd the ndi la vam vd, khdng trau niem rat gan gui (nhu: NL tie'p nhan, kTnang OH, ); chudt dupm vj mudi Thai Binh nhung tham tram ciia phan loai nhifng "tieu NL" phii hpp vdi cac ddi ngudidatha'mvanhoaHaNpi".CdnH6STVjnhdanh tupng day hpc cu the, phii hpp vdi thdi dai de qua gia: 'Thanh cdng ve tu tudng va nghethuat ciia tnfdng cd the de xuat nhifng bien phap phat trien hpp li, ea Bdbdng xudng mattrdican lasuvam vd, sire lien- hieuqua • tudng phong phii nhieu chieu kich gipng dieu va but phap" (5) (1) Secondary English Language Arts Quebec Education Trudng ea Viet Nam tif sau nhirng nam 90 ciia (2) PISA 2009: Assessment Framework Key thekiXX da ed suddl mdi, each tan so vdi trude Tran competencies in reading, mathematics and science Anh Thai la tieu bieu eho su dd'i mdi va each tan dd www OECD.org Gipng dieu tha cua dng "la hoa" tim eho minh mdt Idi (3) Kiyeu hdi thdo khoa hoc quoc gia ve day hoc ngu di rieng "La hoa" gipng dieu tha truyen thd'ng bing vdn (/ truirng thdng Viet Nam NXB Dai hgc su ban ITnh sang tao tao bao va cam quan hien thuc dpe phamHdN6i,20n dao, Tran Anh Thai dong thdi lam mdi ea he thd'ng thi (4) NguySn Thanh HOng KI nSng doc hieu Van phap: ket cau tac pham, bie'u tupng, ngdn tif tif dd NXB Dai hoc suphcim Hd Ndi, 2011 tao suhoanh trang sii'thl eho cae ban trudng ea • (5) NguySn Trpng Hoan "Hinh ndng luc doc cho hoc sinh day hoc ngit vdn" (trich Thift ke bai day ngu van trung hoc phd th6ng) (1) D6 Thu Thuy Truwng ca Tran Anh Thai NXB NXB Gido due Viet Nam, H 2010 H6i Nhd van, H 2008 (6) Pham Thi Thu Huong Doc hiiu va chien thuat (2) Trin Dang SuySn Chu nghia hien thuc Nam Cao doc hieu vSn ban nha trurnig phd thdng NXB NXB Khoa hoc xa hoi, H 2004 Dai hoc supham Hd Ndi, 2012 (3) Ta Duy Anh "Tran Anh Thai - miet mki trSn dirang Tai lieu tham khao tim ki^m" Bao Dai sSng vdn hoa nay, s6' 5/2005 NguySn Van Cudng (Dai hpc Posdam) "Ca sa giao (4) NguySn Thanh Thuy Truirng ca Trdn Anh Thdi ti due hpc cua doi mai phuang ph4p" Nguon: http:// goe nhin thi loai Luan vSn Thae si ngO vSn, Truang ioer.edu.vn Dai hpc Vinh, 2009 NguySn Thanh Hung Doc - hieu vSn chunng (5) Ho Si Vinh "Doc truang ca Do bong xud'ng mdt nha tniOTig NXB Gido due, H 2008 trdi' Bao Vdn nghi s6' 15, 14/4/2001 Tran Dinh Sit Doc vSn, hoc vSn NXB Gido due, (6) Dao Thi Binh Thi truirng ca Viet Nam tii 1945 H.2003 din euoi thi Iii XX LuSn an Tig'n si ngC v5n, Truang Do Ngpc The'ng "Danh gia ning luc dpe hiSu cua Dai hoc supham Ha NOi, 2008 hpc sinh - Nhin tir ySu eSu cua PISA" Ngu6n: http:// tiasang.com.vn SUMMARY SUMMARY The epic genre in hterature holds the rather special position In the literary Ufe through the historical Competency approach has become a trend in deperiod, most bloom in 1975; much work has been veloping school program of many countries in the put into literacy programs In high school Along many world because ofpractical requirements on training writers whose names have become close to public and educating ofpupils Besides that, the concept of TranAnh Thai matched with strong innovation tone "reading comprehension" itself implies 'competency" This article explores the unique, creative approach Therefore, one of Important targets of Philology subin his writing craft, so that helps people learn wore ject is developing competency of reading comprehen slon for high school students about the epic genre after 1990 Phat trien nang luc flgc hieu 38 Tap chi Gido due so 327 (kil-2/2014) ... nhifng NL can phattrien cho HS THPT chinh laOH dpe gia cd NLDH, dong thdi ciing la su chi din eho Ndi each khac, day chinh la mpt "dich de''n" quan trpng viee phattrie''n NLDH cho ngudi dpe (gom eaban... tao suhoanh trang sii''thl eho cae ban trudng ea • (5) NguySn Trpng Hoan "Hinh ndng luc doc cho hoc sinh day hoc ngit vdn" (trich Thift ke bai day ngu van trung hoc phd th6ng) (1) D6 Thu Thuy... deperiod, most bloom in 1975; much work has been veloping school program of many countries in the put into literacy programs In high school Along many world because ofpractical requirements on