T9P chi KHOA HQC OHSP TPHCM Nguyin Thdnh Thi I CHUANBQC ^TRONG CHirONG TRINH NGU" VAN PHO THONG HAN QUOC TRlTdNG HgfP DANG THAM KHAO D 6 I Vdl VIEC DOI MOtt CHlTOOVG TRINH NGlT VAN 6 VIET NAM NGUYEN T[.]
T9P chi KHOA HQC OHSP TPHCM Nguyin Thdnh Thi I CHUANBQC ^TRONG CHirONG TRINH NGU" VAN PHO THONG HAN QUOC - TRlTdNG HgfP DANG THAM KHAO D I Vdl VIEC DOI MOtt CHlTOOVG TRINH NGlT VAN VIET NAM NGUYEN T H A N H T H I ' TOM TAT Tir vi$c tim hieu, md td muc tieu vd hi thdng chudn dpc dgy hoc doc hiiu thuoc chuong trinh (CT) Ngic vdn phd thdng hien hdnh cua Hdn Qude, bdi viit neu mot sd luu y dinh hudng ddi vdi yeu cdu xdy dung chuan dpc cung hi thdng ngd lieu ldm co sd eho viec viit sdch gido khoa (SGK) vd dgy hoc Ngic vdn d trudng phd thdng Viet Nam sau 2015 Tu khda: chudn chuong trinh, chudn mdn ngiJ van, chudn dpc ABSTRACT Reading standards of Korean high school syllabus of Literature and Language as a reference for the innovation of syllabus of Literature and language in Vietnam Based on the investigation and description of the goals and system of reading standards in teaching reading comprehension of the high school syllabus of Literature and Language in Korea, the article suggests some orientations for the building of reading standards and system of data for the composition of textbooks and teaching Literature and Language in high schools in Vietnam after 2015 Keywords: syllabus standards, standards of literature and language, reading standards Tham khdo kinh nghifm ngiro'c ngodi - nhu cau cd thuc va cap bach Yeu ciiu ddi mdi CT, SGK Ngii van phd thdng d Viet Nam hien - ma CT vd SGK hi?n hdnh, timg dugc xem la tot nhat nhthig lan cai cdeh gido dye d nude ta, da vd dang bpc Id kha nhieu bat edp, vd kinh nghiem qude ndi ehua du dd tgo nhimg thay ddi edn ban, todn di?n - khien cho nhu cau tham khao mgt cdeh nghiem tiic, chpn lpc kinh nghidm nude ngodi trd n6n cdp bdch, thiet thyc han bao gid hSt Kinh nghifm nude ngodi, dT nhien cd the tham khdo tir nhieu ngudn Trong phgm vi bdi ndy, vdi nhimg tim hieu budc dau, ehiing tdi chii ylu dd cap mpt sd kinh nghiem cd the tham khdo, thu hogeh dugc tir gido due phd thdng Han Qudc Cu the la viec tham khdo nhiing kinh nghiem each thuc xay dung chudn doc vd xdy dyng hi thdng ngic lieu day hpc Ngii van tir CT, SGK phd thdng eiia qudc gia nay', 2, Kinh nghifm ve vifc xay dymg chudn dpc Dung tren quan diim phat triln, xdy dung-chudn cot loi (common core ' PGS TS, Tru-dng Dgi hpc Sir phgm TPHCM 87 Y kien trao floi standards), chuan mon hgc Ngii van (standards of literature and language) noi ehung, chudn doc (reading standards) noi rieng, cau hoi can dugc neu va tra Iai thoa dang truoe tien la cau hoi ve ca cau cua he thong giao due thong (*), va ke la cau hoi ve kh6 tuong thich ma chudn can phai xae lap diing cho moi bac hgc, lop, khoi ldp cu the (**) ttong he thong giao due ay 2.1 Vdi cau hdi thie nhdi (*) D6i voi cau hoi thii nhit - vl co ciu ciia he thing giao due phi thong nguoi Han Quoc da co cau tta loi quylt doan ciia hg: chuang trinh giao due phi thong cr nuac duge thuc hien 12 nam, gom cac bac: tieu hgc, trung hgc CO so (THCS), ttTing hoc phi thong (THPT) Trong do, tilu hgc nam (tir Icip din lop 6), THCS nam (tti lop din lop 9), THPT nam (ttr Icjp 10 din liip 12) Nhu thi, truoe hit phai xac lap muc tieu va chudn mon Ngir vdn (standards of literahire and language) va chudn doc (reading standards) cho ba bac: tilu hge, THCS, THPT Tren eg sa ma xac lap chudn mon Ngir vdn va chudn dge thich hgp cho mli ldp/ khoi Icjp Vin dl dat tiep theo la lua chgn mgt phuang an phan chia khoi Icjp cho cd can cii Ii luan, thuc tiln va tien dung nhit dli vcji viec xac dinh va thuc hien chudn Cac nha giao due Han QuIc da chgn phuong an bac hgc, khli Icjp khli Icjp iy la: khli 1-2; khli 3-4; khli 5-6; khli 7-9; khli 10-12 Dieu eung co nghia la chuang ttinh phai co mirc chudn theo bac hge, va mire chudn theo khli icjp Ngoai ra, tim hilu ki chuang trinh Ngir van phi thong 2009 cua Han QuIc SS 62 nam 2014 (CTNV Han Quoc), thay ro mgt su khac biet day ngMa Ii giira hai giai doan giao due: giai doan thuc Men chudn phi thong CO ban (tir Icjp den het Icjp 9) va giai doan thuc Men chudn thong nang cao (tit Idp 10 din hit Icjp 12) Ci giai doan "ca ban", ehuong truth ngir van - voi ten ggi Ngir vdn - glm hgp phan ngi dung, ciing ehinh la phan mon cu the: Nghe-noi (Hpi thogi); Dge; Viet; Ngir phdp; Vdn hgc Doc dugc thuc Men nhu la mgt phan mon vita CO tinh dge lap, vira co quan he tuong tac da chieu vai eae phan m6n khae Sang giai doan "nang eao", chuang trinh bg mon Ngii van dugc thuc hien thong qua ngi dung phat trien chuySn sau, nhu la mon hgc bg phan: Ngii van 1, Ngir vdn 11, Hpi thogi vd viit vdn, Bgc hieu vd ngii phdp, Vdn hgc, Truyen co Trong do, trir Hpi thogi vd viet vdn, cac "mon hgc bg phan" khac diu cd phan mon doc, va phan m6n dugc thuc Men theo tinh than tieh hgp vdi nhilu dang thiic linh hoat, uyln chuyin Viet Nam, sau nhilu cuge thao luan va tham y kien dl tra 161 cau hoi tren, gio day, cau tra lai da dugc dua ta va phap Ii hoa tir phia ehi dao ciia Chinh phu Chuong trinh giao due phi thong se dugc thuc hien 12 nam, theo bac: tilu hgc nam (Idp din Idp 5), THCS nam (Idp din lijp 9), THPT nam (Icip 10 din Iiip 12) Nhu thi, theo chuong trinh kl hoach day hgc, chuang trinh Ngil van phi thong mai cua Viet Nam (CTNV Viet Nam) dt nhien, phai xac lap miic chudn (vcJi ca chudn mon hgc Ngir van va chudn dpc) Tuy nhien, chuang trinh, kl ho?ch Tgp chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM dgy hgc 12 ndm theo co edu 5-4-3 ciia Viet Nam ddi mpt Id trinh phdt tridn khae vdi Ip trinh ciia Han Qude Cdu hdi phai trd ldi thda ddng ddi vdi chuyen gia giao due Viet Nam la: Bd mdn Ngic vdn chuong trinh moi se ehi bao gdm edc phan mdn Tiing Viet, Vdn hoc va Ldm vdn nhu hien nay, hay phdi dugc td chijre lai theo mdt cau triic phan tang da dang hon? Nen chia bae hgc (12 nam phd thdng) ndi tren thdnh mdy khdi l&pl Mdn hpc A(gi? vdn giai doan giao due phd thdng ca ban se tam dimg d l&p, khdi l&p ndo de chuyen sang giai dogn giao due phd thdng nang cao? Ve cau tnic cua mdn hpe Ngir vdn, theo ehiing tdi, cd the ddi mdi theo nhieu phuong an, nhung dii chpn phuang an ndo thi dieu quan trpng van phdi xac lap lgi cac hgp phan, tieu chi ndi dung nham phdt trien ndng lye cda ngudi hpc mdt each tdng hgp, hai hda vd that sy hieu qud Mdt mdt can tang cudng tinh khdi niem, mat khdc can dp sdt ddi sdng duong dgi, phdn hda tdt theo muc tieu hudng nghiep Viec lya ehpn, xdc lap tieu chi, CO cdu lgi mdn hpc nhu the can dugc thdo lugn can nhdc that kT ludng Mdc chuyen giai dogn (tir giao due phd thdng eo bdn sang giao due phd thdng nang eao) d Viet Nam ciing da dugc xdc dinh vd phdp li hda: ldp 10 (khong phdi ldp nhu trudc day) Theo dd, ldp 1, ldp va ldp 10 se Id ba mdc chuyin tiep quan trpng Ddc biet, ldp (vj tri bdn le giiia giao due mam non vd gido dye phd thdng) vd ldp 10 (vi tri bdn le giira gido dye eo ban vd giao due nang cao) Hai vj tri ndy rdt can duge danh ddu, tdeh de xdc Igp muc chudn rieng Nguyin Thdnh Thi Nhu the, theo chiing tdi, phuang dn phdn dinh khdi ldp tdi uu ehi ed the Id ehia 12 nam bde thdnh quang, tuc khdi ldp: khdi ldp 1, khdi ldp 2-3; khoi ldp 4-5 khdi ldp 6-7; khdi ldp 8-9; khdi ldp 10: khdi ldp 11-12 Theo dd, chudn mdn hgc Ngir vdn vd chudn doc nen vd can dugc xac lap theo miic, tiic la ndc thang thyc hien chudn {III 2-3// 4-5; 6-7// 8-9; 10//11-12) 2.2 V&i cau hdi thu hai (**) Bang each ndo de xae dinh duge kho tuong thieh vdi mdi bde hpc, ldp, khdi ldp vd the hien dp kho ay qua chudn mdn hoc Ngic vdn eiing nhu chudn doc, cho khd thi? Day Id loai cdu hdi md de trd ldi nd, phdi Id cdc nhd chuyen mdn hieu biet thau dao ca hai linh vyc ngO van hpc vd giao due hpc Cdc chuyen gia gido due Han Qudc da trd ldi eau hdi ehuyen sau ndy theo cdeh rieng cua hp Vd tir each trd ldi ay, ngudi ldm giao due Vi?t Nam cd the tham khdo dugc T±ieu dieu bd ich Duoi day, chiing tdi de cap mpt sd npi dung cu the dang tham khao 2.2.1 Xdy dung chudn theo dfnh hu&ng "phdt trien nang luc", tdng hoa kien thuc Id ndng, thdi Chudn doc vd cae yeu td ciia ndng lye chuan ehuong trinh Ngir van phd thdng Hdn Qudc hien hdnh la chudn ndng luc doc, dupe xdy dyng theo hudng tiep can nang lye Vdi CTNV Viet Nam sau 2015, chudn doe cung can dugc xay dung nhu the Theo dd, eae chudn ndng luc, bao gid cQng can phai dugc xac Igp hai hda tren tieu chi: kiin thuc, kindng, thdi dp 89 SS 62 nam 2014 Y kien trao doi Vi du, Chudn doc bac tilu hgc (Han Quoc.) dugc xac djnh nhu sau: • • chit • viet • dge • Thai • Kinang • Gia tri va tim quan • Hilu dugc tir ngO vd cSu trgng van • Dgng luc va s\f • Xac djnh n$i dung hiing thu • Suy luan • Thuc te hoa kl nSng Boi canh ciia viee • Danh gia va cam thy • Kilm tra va dilu chinh qua dge doi sing trinh dge Kien thiic Dac dilm va ban cua viee dge Cac loai Mnh bai Chudn dge bac THCS (Han QuIc) dugc xac dinh nhu sau: Kien thirc • Dae diem va ban chat cua viec dpc • Cde loai doan vdn • Dpc vd su mgch lac Thai Kinang • Gia tri vd tdm • Hieu dugc tir ngii vd edu van quan trpng • Ddng luc va sy • Xdc dinh npi dung hiing thii • Suy luan • Dpc vd ung dyng • Ddnh gia vd cdm thy • Ki6m tra vd dieu chinh qud eupe sdng trinh dpc 2.2.2 Xdc lap chudn theo cdu true da tdng, tiep ndi, ndng cao Cung nhu chudn ve cdc ndng lye ngir van khdc, chudn doc CTNV Hdn Qude dugc xay dyng vd thyc hien tieh hgp hdu het cac phan mdn cua bd mdn Ngii van sudt 12 nam hpc Nd duge xdc lap tiiy theo vi the, tpa dp eiia hoat ddng vd kl ndng dqc cdu tnic da tang va tiep ndi, ndng cao ciia chuong trinh mdn hgc Ngii van theo bgc 90 hpc, khdi ldp Tim hieu kT dae diSm, each ldm ciia giao due Han Qudc, sS rat hiiu ich ddi vdi viec ddi mdi gido due Viet Nam Tinh chdt tiep ndi, nang cao cua ehuong trinh the hien each gpi ten mdn hpe {Ngir vdn, Ngir vdn I, Ngfi vdn 2) Tinh chdt cdng hoc Id ro han ta so sdnh chudn doc A'gi? vdn I vd Ngir vdn H Xem bang ddi chi^u^ dudi ddy: Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Nguyen Thdnh Thi Chuan dge Ngu vdn I \si Ngu van H (Trung hoc phd thdng Han Qudc) Kien thirc Klnang Thai d$ Ngir van I Hieu dac di8m ciia kT Xir li tinh hudng doc va Dpc hieu mang tinh tu nang dpc hieu giac phuang phap dpc hieu Ngit van U Hieu van hoa dpc Doc hieu va giai quyet Phan tich va phe binh tu lieu truyen tai cac van de Tinh chat da tdng ciia cau tnic chuong trinh the hien d chd: Doc, cd liic giG vi the doe lap tuong ddi nhu mdt phan mdn chu chdt (cimg vdi Nghe-noi, Viit, Nga phdp, Vdn hoc) eiia mdn Ngic vdn (d bdc tieu hpc va THCS) DQC, cd liic lai duge ghep vdi mpt hgp phan ndi dung khac (nhu Ngit phdp) de trd mpt phan mdn "ghep" (VD: Doc hiiu vd ngu phdp) Trong trudng hpp ndy, chudn se Id mot chudn "ghep", vi the dugc khuyen eao rdng: thyc hien chudn dgng nay, phdi ehii y deu ca ve phia doc hiiu ldn phia ngic phdp Boc, d THPT, eiing cd liic dugc tich hgp vdo mpt phan mdn ndo dd (nhu Vdn hgc, hay Truyen co), nd se khiem nhuong dn minh dudi mdt cai ten chung, mac dil vdn vira la phuong tien, vira la ndi dung quan trpng de thyc hien chudn Khi dge/ dge hieu dugc xem nhu mpt phdn mdn thupc bd mdn Ngic van, hay mdt hgp phan ciia Ngic vdn I, Ngic vdn 11, thi chudn doc dupe xac dinh tu each ddc lap tuong ddi ben canh chudn viet (hay chudn Viet vdn), chudn nghenoi (hay chudn Hgi thogi) Vi du chudn doc Ngic van I (Hdn Qudc) dugc xac dinh nhu sau: Chudn dpc sy doi sanh vdi cac chudn khac {Ngit vdn I - Han Quoc) Kien thirc KT nang Thai d9 Lang nghe va giai quyet van Van hoa giao tiep diing dan Hpi thogi Hieu nguyen tac hpi thoai Dpc hieu Hieu dac diem ciia kT Tinh huong doc va phucmg Dpc hiSu mang tinh tir giac phap dpc hieu nang dpc hieu Viet vdn Ngir phdp Vdn hpc Hieu dac diem cCia kT Chon Ipc thong tin va sap Thdi quen viet van chuan muc xep npi dung ndng viet Hieu ngU am va tir Sir dung ngif am va kien Sir dung ngdn tir dung ddn thirc tu vung vung Higu cac the loai vdn hpc Hieu phong each tac giava cam thu tac pham Van hpc va giao tiep xa hpi SS 62 nam 2014 Y kien trao doi Khi dgc/dge hiiu dugc kit hgp vcji "ngii phap" (dl phan mon ghep Dge hieu vd nga phdp), chudn dge (cimg vol chudn ngd phdp) duge xay dung theo III kit hgp dl mgt chudn "ghep": chuin "dge Mlu - ngir phap" Trong ttTTong hgp nay, chudn gin vol mgt muc tieu "ghep", nhung s6 dugc xii li theo hudng tieh hgp kha linh hoat, va thuong duge tuang giai, thuyet minh du rd"^ CTNV Han QuIc hhb vay, thoa mSn kha tit yeu cau tich hgp, de vira thuc Men muc tieu chung (Dge hieu vd ngii phdp), viia, thuc hien mue tieu rieng cua mli phan mon (Dge, Ngir phdp) Muc tieu nay, mgt mat dugc tich hgp vao mgt nhom tieu chi cot loi, chang han: (a) Nam duge ban chat eua ngon ngii v^ viec dge hieu mgt each he thong va chuyen sau tren phuong dien giao luu van hoa, xa hgi Ban chat ciia ngon ngir va dpc hieu Sy hieu biet ve cau true ngon ngii- Cau triic bai viet va phircrag phap dpc hieu Thyc te doc hieu va nghien ciru tai lieu ngir van 92 (b) Tun Mlu M?n tt?ng quoc ngO v4 phan tich cic tai Ii|u phong phii, ttr boi duang nang luc giii quylt van de mgt each sang tao va eo tinh xay dvmg (c) Dge cae bai vilt vl nhilu quan diem khac tten tinh thin xay dung roi xay dvmg Iai y ngMa mgt each logic va tham gia tieh cue cae boat dSng doc ciia cgng ding ehung ttong xa hgi (d) Thong qua dge hilu va ngil phap, tu nhin nhan danh gia ve tinh hinh xa hgi va cuge song cua ban than va boi duong thai phat ttiln sang tao vSn hoa quoc ngii Mat khac, muc tieu iy, qua cac hgp phin ngi dung cua "dge hieu" "ngft phap", eung thoa man yeu ciu phat trien, mang tinh chit nang cao ro ret so veil "dge", "ngil phap" mon Ngir van bac THCS Theo do, cac hgp phin nOi dung eua Dge hieu vd ngir phdp (bac THPT, Han QuIc) dugc xac dinh nhu sau: • • • • • • • • Ban chdt ciia dpc hieu Ban chat ciia ngdn ngii Am vi Tir Cau Hoi thoai Nguyen tac cau tnic bai viet Phuang phap dpc hieu • Ddi song ngu van va dpc hieu • Nghien cihi tai lieu ngu' van • Nhan dinh va gia tri ciia dpc hieu Tap chi KHOA HQC OHSP TPHCM Khi dge/ doc hieu vira id phuang tien vira Id hgp phdn ndi dung cua mpt phan mdn mang tinh chuyen sau vd nang cao, chudn doc se dugc tich hgp vdo chudn ciia phdn mdn Chdng han, Vdn hgc va Tn^en co Id nhiing phdn mdn chuyen tdi cac ndi dung ngir van nang eao dd tich hgp doc, dge hiiu vao dd mpt edch hgp li, khd thi Trong cac phdn mdn thudc CTNV Hdn Qudc, phan mdn Vdn hoc ludn cd mdt vi thd riSng viec ndng cao nang Iye dge eiia hpc sinh (HS) Chiing thudng dugc xSp cudi/ gdn cudi day phan mdn eiia mdn hge d tdt cd eac bgc hpe/khdi lop Chdng hgn, d bdc THPT, phdn mdn dugc trao cho chirc ndng "ddo sdu, phat trien mgt cdeh ehuyen mdn ITnh vyc van hpc" ciia "Ngii vdn I", "Ngit vdn II" vd ITnh vyc van hpe bp mdn NgiJ vdn, Vdn hgc la mdn hpc nhdm nang cao nang lye sdng tdc vd tiep Nguyin Thdnh Thi nhan eae tde phdm van hgc da dgng" Phan mdn Vdn hgc THPT ddi hdi hpc sinh: "a Hieu mdt each cd he thdng vh vdn hpc tren nen tang kinh nghiem vd tri thiic ve vdn hpc, tir dd hogt ddng vdn hpc mpt edch ndng ddng b Nudi dudtig vdn hieu biet ve ngdn ngir ciing nhu kT ndng giao tiep vd tu sang tgo thdng qua boat dpng tiep nhdn va sang tae vdn hpc c Thdng qua van hpe, hieu tdng the ve the gidi va ngudi, thudng thiic ve dep vd gia tri cua vdn hpc, ndng cao nhan lye thdm mT d Hieu tinh chdt phd bien vd ed biet cua van hpe Han Qudc, tham gia mdt each tich cyc vdo sy phdt trien van hda van hpe ciia cpng ddng" Theo dd, cdc hgp phdn ngi dung cua Vdn hgc THPT Han Qude dugc thiet ke nhu sau: Sang tdc vd ti8p nhdn vdn hpc • • • • tgo Nguyen li cdu thdnh eua tdc pham vdn hpc Van hpc vd Imh vuc lien quan Van hpc vd phuang tien tmyen dat Tiep nhan su phe phan ciia van hpc vd sang tdc mpt each sang Ljch sii vd phgm vi cua vdn hpc Hdn Qudc • • • • Dac tinh vd tinh truyen thdng cua van hpc Han Qudc Xa hdi vd vdn hpc Han Qudc Ddng ehdy va chieu hudng ciia van hpc Han Qudc Tinh phd bien vd cd biet cua vdn hpc Han Qudc Vdn hpe vd cupc sdng • • • • Van hpc va ca nhan Vdn hpc va tu Vdn hpc vd tinh da dgng ciia cupc sdng Vdn hpc vd cpng ddng SS 62 nam 2014 Y kiln trao doi Cimg vai cac phan mon Hpi thogi vd viit vdn, Dge hieu vd nga phdp, Vdn hgc, Truyen ci la mon hgc vira chuyen sau vita nang cao, nhim cung co, phat triln kha nang ngu van theo ki vgng ve hinh miu ngucri dge co van hoa Day la mon hgc - nhu giai thich cua CTNV Han QuIc - "mang tinh chit ting hgp cua "Van hgc", "Dge hieu va ngii phap", "Hgi thoai va vilt van", phat trien va nang cao ttr mon hgc"Ngir van", "Ngu van F', "NgO van II""; "Trong phan mon nay, ngucri hge true tiep dge cac tac pham truyen eo - tinh hoa cua nhan loai thong qua hoat dgng dien thuyet, hgi y, thao luan "; "Lay ngi dung truyen eo lam nin tang, nguoi hgc xay dung cho minh nang luc ngon ngu vdi tieu chuan cao"; "nhan manh" viec hinh a Gid tri cua Truyen co HS "mong muln gop phan vao su phat triln eiia van hoa ngO van" No giiip HS: - Nhan thirc dugc tim quan trgng cua viec nang eao nang lue ngon ngii thong qua truyen co va cac gia tri ciia truyen co - Dinh huong van hoa va nang cao nang luc ngon ngii cua nguoi co van hoa thong qua hoat dgng quoc ngO xay dung cac tac pham truyen eo da dang mgt he thong Xa hgi hoa su truyin dat ciia Truyen cl, tich luy tri thiic va nuoi duong thai hucjng tdi cuge song quoc ngii tieu ehuan cao Theo dli, he thong ngi dung cua phan mon Truyen ci (THPT Han QuIc) gom cac hgp phan sau: • Gid tri va ban chat cua Truyen cd • Phat trien tri thiic thdng qua Truyen cd • Hoat dpng qude ngir dya tren nen tang truyen cd Truyen co vd hogt dpng Quoc ngu • • • • • • Thdi dp ve Truyin co • Tri tue Truyen cd vd suy ngam ve cupc sdng • Thai dp bai viet Truyen cd Nghien cuu Truyen co 94 Su danh gid vd tiep nhdn ve Truyen cd Tdi phdn tich Truyen cd Hieu the gidi thdng qua Truyen cd Truyen cd vd hoat dpng Qudc ngii mang tinh tdng hpp Md mang tam hieu biet va truyen dgt ve Truyen cd Truyen ed lien quan den qudc ngii va vdn hda qudc ngO Tgp chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Nhiing trich din, mieu td tren ddy cho thdy, viec dua vdo bgc THPT (CTNV Han Qudc) mdt he th6ng phdn mdn ghep ndi, ndng cao Id mdt phuang an cd nhidu lgi thd vide xae lap ehuan eung nhu dg khd tuang thich ddi vdi it nhdt Id hai giai dogn gido due phd thdng co bdn (tieu hpe, THCS) va gido due phd thdng nang cao (THPT) Vdy, ndn chdng, CTNV Viet Nam sau 2015 can bd simg cac hgp phan ndi dung "ghep" theo kieu Hgi thogi vd viet vdn, Dge hieu vd ngir phdp, hoge cdc hgp phdn cd ndi dung chuyen sdu kidu Truyen co/ Truyen Ndm/ Tho vd truyen hien dgi (nhu phdn mdn Truyen co cua Hdn Qudc)? Kinh nghidm vl vide xdy dung he thong ngir lieu day dpc 3.1 Hiiu vd su dung cdc thugt ngir vi chu^n.c/rif^fi xdc, nhdt qudn, hi thong Chudn la khdi niem cd nhidu each hieu, nhdt la nhin tir nhieu phuong dipn khdc Chdng han: Xet vd eau tnic nghTa ciia khdi niem, chudn gido due cd thd dugc su dung vdi nhidu nghTa, cdp nghTa: chudn chuong trinh (Curriculum standards), chudn ngi dung (Content standards), chudn thuc hiin (Performance standards) Xet vd cde hgp phdn kidn Nguyin Thdnh Thi thiic, kT ndng, chuan gido due cd thd bao gdm chudn chung vd chuan ciia timg hgp phan {chudn dge, chudn viit, chudn noi, chudn nghe', chudn (ndng luc) giao tiep, chudn (ndng luc) cdm thu vdn hgc ) CTNV Viet Nam sau 2015 cdn xdc djnh cdeh hidu vd sii dung cdc thudt ngii vd chudn mdt each ehuan xdc, nhat quan, he thdng de tranh tinh trgng mo hd, ngd nhdn ve khai niem 3.2 Thda man yiu cdu tdng din dp khd vd muc dp phde tgp (tir ldp I den ldp 12) cua chuan Do dae trung eiia mdn Ngir vdn, vide dap ling yeu cdu tdng dan dp khd vd miic dp phiic tap tir ldp den ldp 12 ciia chudn la khdng dd ddng, thdm ehi ed the ndi Id ea mdt thaeh thiic Viec thidt kd chudn theo bac hpc, khdi ldp tao dugc sy ndi tidp ndng eao ddn CTNV Hdn Qudc nhu dd gidi thieu tren day la trudng hgp rdt dang tham khao Tuy nhien, yeu cdu ddi mdi can ban, toan didn, ddi hdi CTNV Viet Nam sau 2015 cd the phai di xa hon Khdc phuc nhirng chd ehua triet dd vide xac dinh dp khd tuang thich d edp dp ldp hpc^ Tir gdc dp nay, nen tham khao each lam eiia cac chuydn gia gido due Hoa Ki Chang han: Y kien trao doi SS 62 nam 2014 Ygu ciu dli vdi nang lire hieu cac Y tudng then chdt vd cdc chi tiet tir Idrp din lop (Hoa Ki) L