''''CH Sir VAN HOA XA HOI CHAU AU CHINH SDCH GinO DUC CUH TAV MH NHR O PHILIPPIN (1571 1898) Dang Van Chircng &Le Thi Lien Khoa Lich sir DHSP Hue Tir khi thiet lap nen cai tri cua minh d Philippin (1571)[.]
'CH Sir - VAN HOA - XA HOI CHAU AU CHINH SDCH GinO DUC CUH TAV MH NHR O PHILIPPIN (1571-1898) Dang Van Chircng &Le Thi Lien Khoa Lich sir - DHSP Hue Tir thiet lap nen cai tri cua minh d luat nay, tieng Tay Ban Nha phai dugc day Philippin (1571), Tay Ban Nha luon theo cac trudng hgc d cac thuge dia ciia Tay duoi muc dich xuyen suot la truyen giao Ban Nha He thong giao due d thupc dia Muc dich khong thay doi cho dii co Philippin dudi su thong tri cua Tay Ban Nha nhirng luc Tay Ban Nha gap rat nhieu kho tir nam 1571 den cugc cai each giao due nam khan ve tai chinh viec tri quyen 1863 la cac dong tu khac nhau' true tiep luc d thuoc dia Philippin xa xoi De gop quan ly Dudi thdi cai tri cua Telle de phan thuc hien viee truyen giao eo hieu qua, Guzman (1596-1602), chinh quyen Tay Ban Tay Ban Nha nhanh ehong dua giao due Nha mdi sac lenh bugc cac giao sT thay the mang tinh chat ton giao vao Philippin tu rat viec day hgc tieng dia phuang bang tieng sdm Nen giao due da mang lai nhihig Tay Ban Nha d Philippin Yeu cau dugc nen tang co ban cho su phat trien giao due chinh quyen Tay Ban Nha de cap din nhilu Philippin ve sau, dat dugc nhiJUg tuu lan cac sac lenh tuong tu, ban hanh noi bat so vdi giao due cac nudc khac trong su6t hai thl ky XVII, XVIII d6i vdi khu vuc vao nua sau the ky XIX Giao due viec giao due d thuge dja Philippin Dong Philippin dudi thuoc dia Tay Ban Nha co the thdi, vua Tay Ban Nha ciing yeu cau cac cha chia hai giai doan: Giao due Nha thd xu phai lap cac trudng hgc d moi dam nhiem; Giao due Nha nudc dam lang va phai day tieng Tay Ban Nha cho nhiem ngudi ban xu L Giao due Nha thd dam nhiem (1571-1863) Tay Ban Nha su dung he th6ng giao due chau Au liic bay gid vao Philippin nhung Irong khuon kho cua mot thuge dia Do la Trong he thong ihugc dia Tay Ban Nha chinh sach giao due nham cai dao cho ngudi tren khap the gidi (tir chau My cho den chau dan Philippin, bien hg nhiing A), giao due duge thuc hien theo dao luat ve ngudi Da (Indian Law) (1550) Tbeo dao ' Augustin; Dominican; Francisco; Jesuit 58 NGHIEN CCU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°7 (154).2013 chien ngoan dao, biet vang ldi chinh quyen thuge dia (3 cac xii dao, trudng hgc dugc lap va cae nha truyen giao Tay Ban Nha dong thdi eimg la giao vien giang day d dSy Hg day tre em Philippin vdi niem tin rang "chiing se hgc chir eai, ngon ngii, phong tuc gan lien vdi giao ly Thien Chiia, nhung chinh sach ciia Tay Ban Nha va sau ehiing se bien vao cgng dong"^ Viec day bgc CO tinh he thong tu cap mgt din dai hgc nen giao due ehau Au da hinh ro net vao cuoi thdi Trung dai thong qua cac sac lenh ton giao, nhung d Philippin he thong giao due so cap chua dugc quan tam day dli Trong do, cac trudng dai hgc, eao dang lai duge lap tCr rkt sdm: Trudng dai hpc Santo Tomas Theo sac lenh hoang gia Tay Ban Nha dugc ban hanh bdi vua Philip III (1576-1621), trudng dai hgc Santo Tomas dugc lap nam 1611 bdi Miguel de Buenavides, mgt giao sT dong Dominican (Da minh) va la T6ng giam muc thir ba d thii dd Manila Trudng dai hge Santo Tomas dku tien cd ten ggi la Colegio de Nuestra Senora del Santisimo Rosario, nam 1645 ddi ten Santo Tomas Cong viee giang day duge giao eho giang vien cua cae khoa ehiu trach nhiem vdi eac mon hgc nhu: tilng Latinh, tieng Hy Lap, vat ly, hinh hgc, logic, trilt hgc, dan toe hge, luat hinh su, luat Roma va giao ly Thien Chiia Vao khoang giiJa thl ky XVIII, nhieu mon hgc mdi dugc dua vao giang day nhu: y ^ Teodoro A Agoncillo (2006), History of the Fdipino People, Garotech pulishing, Quezon City, tr 9L hgc, duge hge, edng ehimg, nha khoa Tilng Tay Ban Nha duge six dung chinh thiic giang day Khoa Luat dugc lap vao nam 1735 Sinh vien sau tdt nghiep khoa da cimg vdi cac linh mue tao mot bo phan rat quan trgng xa hdi Philippin liic bay gid Nha trudng quy dinh trang phuc cho sinh vien, cac khoa khac cd thill ki kieu dang va mau sac trang phue khac So lugng sinh vien khong ngung tang len, theo thdng ke tu nam 1645 din 1734, truong gom CO 12.295 sinh vien khoa Trilt hoc, 2.050 sinh vien khoa Ly luan; tu nam 1734 din nam 1820, co 12.250 sinh vien Trilt hoc, 2.190 sinh vien Ly luan, 1.680 sinh vien Luat Hinh su va 3.360 sinh vien Luat Dan sir Trong nhung nam eudi thl ky XIX, s6 lugng sinh vien theo hgc trudng dai hgc tang len dang ke va cd anh hudng ddi vdi tAng lop tri thiie ngudi Philippin Theo tiln si Camilo Osias: "Phong trdo tri thuc ngudi Philippin nhieu the ky deu bdt nguon tir trudng daihoc ndy"^ Tru&ng San Jose vd San Juan de Letran Lau ddi hon trudng dai hgc Santo Tomas la trudng cao ding San Jose, ducrc lap bdi cac cha xu dong Jesuistes (dong Ten) nam 1601 Ban ddu, trudng hpc ehi cd 30 sinh vien, vdi cac mdn hgc nhir triet, giao ly, eae mon khoa hgc nhan van va trang bi kiln thiic cho nhiing ngudi mdi di tu Ngoai ra, cac mdn hgc c6 diln eung duoc ' Benitez Conrado (1954), History of the Philippine, Manila Ginn and Company, Philippines, tr.l66 ^linlt sdeii Qido iliie 59 giang day cho sinh vien Nam 1768, cung vdi viec true xuat cac giao si dong Ten khoi Manila Philippin, trudng cao dang San Jose hgp nhat vdi trudng dai hgc Santo Tomas Cho den nhtmg cuoi ciia che cai tri Tay Ban Nha, trudng San Jose mdi duge tra lai eho giao sT dong Ten theo quyet dinh cua toa an Tay Ban Nha Trirdng hpc tir thien Escuela Trudng hgc tir thien Escuela Manila, nhimg ngudi Tay Ban Nha d Manila giau Ien tu boat dgng thucmg mai, lap nam 1817 Kinh phi hoat dgng cua nha trudng lay tir ngan quy dong gop cua nhimg ngudi giau CO Cac mon hgc dugc giang Trudng San Juan de Letran la trudng day nha trudng bao gom: dgc, viet, so cap hai nam sinh dau tien, thanli lap nam hgc, giao ly Thien Chua va ngir phap liing 1620 bdi Don Juan Geronimo Guerrero, Tay Ban Nha Hgc sinh phai tra hgc phi moi ngudi sau trd giao sT dong thang peso neu hg la nha giau; peso Dominican Nguon goc cua trudng la neu la nha trung luu va khong phai tra mgt trai mo coi danh cho eac em be trai hgc phi neu la nha ngbeo Nam 1859, ngudi Tay Ban Nha, cd ten la Seminario de chinh quyen Manila da chuyen Ninos Huerfanos de San Pedro y San Pablo giao ngoi trudng tii thien cbo cac giao sT Den nam 1640, trudng ddi ten San dong Ten - nhimg ngudi vira luu vong trd ve Juan de Letran va dugc xem la trudng trung Va ten trudng doi Ateneo Municipal hgc lau ddi nhat d Philippin Nha trudng thu Ke tir day, ngoi trudng dugc dat dudi su nhan ca bgc sinh ngi trii va ngoai tni ma quan Iy cua cac giao sT dong Ten Ngay nay, khong thu hgc phi Trudng hgc dugc no CO ten la Ateneo de Manila - dugc xem la xem nhu la budc chuan bi cho mgt cap hgc mgt nhiing ngoi Irudng tu nhan lau ddi cao ban d trudng dai hgc Santo Tomas va nhal d Philippin va cung la trudng trung hgc cao dang San Jose Cac mon hgc dugc dua ma Jose Rizal - ngudi anh hiing Philippin da vao giang day d day la triet bgc, dia ly, lich lung hgc su Ben canh do, cac mon khoa hgc co ban cung dugc hudng din cho hgc sinh Den nam Trirdng day nghe 1706, trudng dugc ggi la trudng Dong Viec giao due nghe nghiep cho ngudi cho Ire em nam mo coi vdi ten ggi la Saint Philippin cung dugc chinh quyen Tay Ban Peter (thanh Peter) va Saint Paul (thanh Nha quan tam Cac giao sT khong nhiing co Paul) Ngay nay, d Philippin co hai bia tudng nhiem vu cai dao cho ngudi ban xii ma niem bang dong de tudng nhd tam quan day cho ngudi Philippin phucmg phap canh trgng ve lich sii va ton giao ciia trudng San lac tot ban vdi nhiing giong cay mdi dem tir ben ngoai vao nhu: ngo, bong, liia mi I Juan Letran* Ngoai ra, cac nghe Ihii cong nhu: in, rungc ne va nhugm ciing dugc cac giao sT truyen Eufronio M Alip (1964), Hisloiy of the Philippines, ' M a n i l a A i m anH (Jnne I M P PV.il.nn,nPc h-dl day cho ngudi Philippin 60 NGHIEN ciru CHAU AU • EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°7 (1 S4).2013 Theo sic lenh thuang mai ciia hoang gia Tay Ban Nha nam 1820, trudng Hdng hdi dugc lap d Philippin nham huan luyen cho nam nien lam quen vdi cugc sdng biln khai Khdng it sinh vien sau tot nghiep da trd nhimg thuyen trudng cac ehuyen thuang mai va ngoai nudc Tiep theo, nam 1840, trudng Thuang mgi dugc lap vdi cae khoa hgc nhu ke loan, ngoai ngir, tin tiic thuong mai, dae biet ngoai ngir tilng Phap rat dugc chii trgng Nam 1849, trudng Nghe thudt duge lap da tao nhieu ca hgi cho ngudi Philippin hgc tap va phat buy kha nang nghe thuat eiia minh Tren thuc te, nha trudng da dao tao nhieu boa sT ngudi Philippin tai nang nhu Damian, Ocampo, Sariano va Juan Nepomuceno Hg da ve nhieu ban dia ly ehinh xac, cham khae va trang tri nha thd mgt each tinh xao Ben canh cac trudng nghe ngudi Tay Ban Nha lap cdn co cac trudng ngudi Philippin lap Ngay 16/3/1861, Trudng Nghe thuat va Thuang mai tu nhan dugc lap bdi hai cha xu ngudi Philippin ia Juan P Zila va Felino Gil d Bacolor, Pampanga Tru&ng hpc ddnh cho nir sinh Ngay tir thai ky dau Tay Ban Nha thiet lap che thuge dia d Philippin, chinh quyen thuge dia da xay dung nhieu trudng hgc danh cho nii sinh Hai trudng hgc dau lien danh cho nii sinh ngudi Tay Ban Nha d Philippin la Colegios Santa Potenciana (1591) va Santa Isabel (1594) Day la hai trudng trung hge nir sinh lau ddi nhat d quan dao Philippin, dugc lap vdi muc dich ban ddu la danh cho tre em gai md coi ngudi TSy Ban Nha Ngoai hai trudng trung hge nix sinh noi tren cdn cd ngdi trudng danh cho gai tang ldp tren ngudi Tay Ban Nha (beatas) dugc ggi la beaterios Nhiing eo gai co cudc song tach biet vdi the gidi ben ngoai Beaterios bao gom cac trudng Beateno de la Compani de Jesus (nay la Virgin Mary) (1684), Santa Calalina de Sena (1696), San Sebastian de Calumpang (nay la trudng cao dang Santa Rita) (1719), Santa Rita de Pasig (1740) va Santa Rosa (1750) Trong cac trudng chi eo hai trudng phu nir ngudi Philippin lap diing de day nhiing gia tri van boa eiia Tay Ban Nha danh cho cac nii tu ngudi Philippin, la tmong Religious of the Virgin Mary va Beaterio de San Sebastian de Calumpany Tat ca cac ngoi trudng deu nam d Manila Hien cac ngdi trudng cd anh hudng va giiip cho mdt sd ca sd giao due ciia trudng danh cho cae nu: tu (Soeur) d nhilu nudc Dong Nam A Tbeo yeu cau ciia hoang gia Tay Ban Nha, tat ca eae ngoi trudng phai co cho o cho nii sinh, dong thdi phai cd phuang phap giang day phii hgp nham trang bi eho nu sinh nhu:ng kiln thiie ca ban vl cugc song xa hgi, eude song gia dinh va each cu xii nha thd Tir do, hg eo thl ngoai "dl lap gia dinh va sinh con", cac nir sinh sau khoi trudng dugc xem nhu da "hoan ^linh iueit gJda diie 61 khoa hgc" Chung nhan co gia tri d My Tren thue te, co nhieu kien nghi ciia cac cha cung nhu d chau Au^ xii da dugc dua vao sac lenh cuoi cung nam II Giao due Nha nudc dam nh^n (1863-1898) Qud trinh thdnh lap he thong gido due cong lap d Philippin Sac lenh cai each he thong giao due 1863 Npi dung ca bdn cda Sac lenh Cdi cdch gido due ndm 1863 u Gido due sa cdp dgt dudi su qudn ly vd gidm sdt cua Chinh phu Philippin dugc chinh phu Tay Ban Nha ban Chinh phli Tay Ban Nha cho lap hanh 20/12/1863 Tuy nhien, y tudng Uy ban Giao due d Manila, dudi su quan ly cai each giao due d quoc gia dien ciia cac giao sT dong Ten Ca quan c6 tir nua dau the ky XIX Nam 1839, vua nhiem vu soan thao cac chuang trinh giang Tay Ban Nha lenh eho chinh quyen Luis day, sau trinh len Chinh phu Viec giam Lardizabal phai lap mgt Uy ban de sat cac trudng tieu hgc tren loan Philippin soan thao va to chiic lai he thong giao due dugc dat dudi quyen cua cac linh muc xii Philippin Nhung vi nhieu ly do, mai cho den dao, chirc nang cua hg mac nhien nhu ngudi nam 1855, Uy ban mdi thuc su dugc giam sat d dia phuang Nhung, "thanh tra lap bdi ehinh phu Crespo Chinh phu cao cap cua giao due tieu hgc Chinh phii yeu cau Uy ban mdi lap phai cap cao Tay Ban Nha dam trach vdi su giiip nghien cuu nhieu van de thuge chuang trinh dd ciia mgt IJy ban dugc lap d thii giang day, viec dao tao va bo nhiem giao (Manila), dudi ten ggi "Uy ban cap cao cua vien va linh kha thi cho viec lap mgt Giao due tieu bgc" Uy ban gom co trudng dao tao giao vien tai Manila Tong Giam muc, bay vien dugc bo Mac dii boat dgng cua iJy ban cbua dem lai nhiem bdi chinh phu Tay Ban Nha Ngudi hieu qua nhu mong dgi, nhung den nam dirng dau Chinh phu dong thdi ciing la chu 1860, il nhat no da hoan phan ly luan tjch Uy ban cho cong cugc cai each sap den Den giira nam 1860, chinh phii Sanlano da lap mpt Uy ban tucmg tu de dam trach cong viec b Gido due tieu hoc bdt buoc vd tdch biet cho nam sinh vd nd sinh dieu tra tinh hinh giao due d Philippin, nham Luat Giao due Tay Ban Nha quy dinh lien tdi mgt cugc cai each rgng khap va hieu lap hai trudng hgc d moi huyen, mgt qua Nam 1861, chinh phii Lemery giao trudng danh cbo nam va mgt trudng danh nhiem vu cho cha xii ddng Ten nghien ciiu cho nir Trong trudng hgp d huyen nao tinh hinh tren loan quan dao va da co nhieu khong the to chiic hai trudng tach biet bao cao dang tin eay trinh len Chinh phii vi ly khong du hgc sinh thi luat cho phep hgc sinh nam va nii hgc chung mgt trudng " Eufronio M Alip (1964), sdd, tr 68, 62 NGHIEN ciru CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°7 (I54).20]3 Do tuoi di hgc tir din 14 tudi Ldp hge to ehuc hang ngay, ngoai tni chu nhat va nhiing nghi Ldp hge buoi sang bat dau tu gid den 10 gid, buoi chieu tir gid 30 den gid Mdi tilt hge keo dai gid (60 phiit) va khong cd ldp hgc ban dem Chuang trinh giang day bao gom: giao ly Thien Chiia, dge, viet tieng Tay Ban Nha, each cu xir tao nha, am nhac, so hgc, dia ly, lich su va mon ndng nghiep thue hanh Ddi vdi bgc sinh nii, cac mon hgc ciing tucmg tu nhu tren, ngoai trir dia ly, Iich sii va nong nghiep dugc thay the bang mdn hgc may mac Sac lenh Giao due nam 1863 quy dinh day hgc bat huge doi vdi giao due lieu hge nen cha me nao khong cho cm hg den trudng se bi phat lien tir 1,5 den reales Dong thai, day hgc dugc tien hanh mien phi cho hgc sinh ngheo, em eua nhiing gia dinh CO thu nhap thap, duge ehiimg nhan bdi gobemadorcillo va cha phd xii Tuy nhien, nhirng gia dinh giau cd ciing chi nop mgt khoan hgc phi khong dang ke I, Ngon ngd Tdy Ban Nha duac chu Viec giang day bang tieng Tay Ban Nha dugc chii trgng cac trudng hgc d Philippin tir cap tieu hge den dai hgc Luat quy dinh: Cac quan chiic khong dugc nhan luong neu sau nam ke tu sac lenh ban hanh ma hg van khong the ndi tieng Tay Ban Nha; Se bi tudc chiic vu neu sau 15 nam ma hg chua the noi, dge, viet tieng Tay Ban Nha mgt each troi chay; Neu sau 30 nam hgc tap van khong thao tieng Tay Ban Nha se hi dua di Iao dich nang nhgc d Thdnh lap Trudng Su pham ddo tgo gido vien cdp lieu hoc sae lenh dua nhieu quy dinh ap dung cho giao vien cap tieu hgc Theo sac lenh, muc dich tien quyet ciia viec lap trudng su pham la "de phuc vu nhu mgi truang dong ton gido biet tudn thu vd ddo tao gido vien dgy hoc cho cdc trudng Ueu hoc tren todn qudn ddo" Chuong trinh giang day mang tinh bao quat gom, giao ly Thien Chiia, giao due eong dan, dao diic va phuong phap giang day Sinh vien dugc dao tao tai trudng su pham chia hai loai: sinh vien chinh quy va sinh vien khong chinh quy Sinh vien chinh quy dugc mien hgc phi, dugc nhan trang bi sinh boat, nhimg hg bat bugc phai thuc hien nghta vu 10 nam sau tot nghiep Sinh vien khong ehinh quy phai nop mgt khoan hgc phi khdng dang ke, peso moi thang cho nha trudng Hg eiing dugc ton trgng ngang hang vdi nhom sinh vien chinh quy, ngoai trir hg khong budc phai giang day sau tot nghiep neu hg khong muon Sau hoan khoa hgc, chinh quyin dan sir cao cap dua tren yeu cau ciia hieu trudng nha trudng de cap ehiing ehi tdt nghiep cho sinh vien Chiing ehi dugc xip theo trinh dg tir tren xudng nhu "xudt sic" (Excellen), "gioi" (Good), "kha" (Fair), hay "duoc chiing nhan"(approved) Giao vien dugc Chinh phii c4p luong hang thang, m6i thang dao dgng tir 12 - 20 peso Ngoai ra, hg cdn cd nha d mien phi, ' Eufronio M Alip (1964), sdd, tr.69 jllllll ideii gJdn ihie , 63 dugc trieh tu nguon kinh phi hgc sinh de hinh he thdng giao due quan li tap nha giau e6 dong gop Giao vien dugc mien trung Cu the la co su thong nhat ve cac lao dich tbanh to cua be thong giao due nhu: chuang Nhu vay, theo sac lenh cai each be thong giao due nam 1863, he thong giao due cong lap d Philippin duge boan thien va chia cap: giao due bae cao, giao due bae trung hgc (segunda ensenanza), va giao due bae tieu hgc Luat ve Giao due lieu hgc la giao due bat huge, vdi nhiing quy dinh ve nghia vu giao due mgt each chi tiet Nhd vay, den cuoi thdi ki thong tri cua Tay Ban Nha, Philippin co khoang 2.150 trudng hgc cong cgng vdi tong cgng tren 200.000 hge sinh^ Theo mgt nha III Mot vai nhan xet Vdi muc dich gido due la de ddo tgo mot ldng lap ngudi Philippin giup viec cho bg mdy cai tri cua Tdy Ban Nha vd ddm bdo cho sir Ihong tri ldu ddi cua Tdy Ban Nha d Phiiippin, gido due Philippin dudi thdi thuoc dia Tdy Ban Nha mang linh chdt ton gido ro net nhdt la gicu dogn ddu trinh, sach giao khoa, he thong trudng ldp tren khap ca nudc Dac biet, viec thong qua (1571- 1863) Xuat phat tu muc dich truyen giao cua Tay Ban Nha, tii thiet lap nen cai tri d Philippin, hg da day manh chinh sach giao dieu tra ngudi Tay Ban Nha thi "sd ngudi biel chir a Philippin cao han a chtnh Tdy Ban Nha "^ liic bay gid Va "den cudi the ki XIX, Philippin vual tdi cd cdc mrdc Dong Nam A khde ve gido due, nhdl Id gido due ddnh cho phu Kif"'" Day ciing la ca sd de din nam 1976, Philippin co han 648.000 sinh vien theo bgc d 600 trudng dai hgc loan quoc, ty le thoat nan mil chii la 83,4%, chi diing sau Nhat Ban d chau A due va thong qua giao due de Iruyen dao cho Trong cong cuoc cdi cdch gido due ngudi Philippin nen Philippin Ird ihanh quoc Philippin ndm 1863, ngodi vtec de cao gido gia Thien Chiia gido nhdl a khu vuc due lieu hoc, vtec ddo lao doi ngd gido vien Dong Nam A Co the xem day nhu la mgt cung vdi che luang bong cho gido vien Id Ihanh cong quan trgng nhat chinh sach hai chinh sdch duac ddc biet chu Day cai tri cua Tay Ban Nha d Philippin la chinh sach rat lien bg, rat sdm ma Tay Ban Thong qua Cai each 1863, bo mdy td chdc qudn li gido due cdc cdp chinh phu Nha da ap dung d Philippin so vdi cac nudc khac khu vuc liic bay gid Philippin ddm nhiem dd hinh thdtih vd ngdy cdng hodn thien Tdy Ban Nha hudng viec xdc ldp khuon mdu gido due tdi phuang Tdy nhimg gidi hgn khuon kho thupc dia Bat dau tir nam 1863, cac trudng hgc d Philippin dugc to chiic iheo ba cap hgc bao gom lieu hge, Irung hgc va dai hgc Chinh phli Tay Ban Nha da thay doi Luat Giao due ^ D.G.EHall (1997), Ljch su Dong Nam A, Nxb Chinh ui Qu6c gia, Ha NQI, tr 1028 ^Nt ... dudi su qudn ly vd gidm sdt cua Chinh phu Philippin dugc chinh phu Tay Ban Nha ban Chinh phli Tay Ban Nha cho lap hanh 20/12/1863 Tuy nhien, y tudng Uy ban Giao due d Manila, dudi su quan ly cai... giup viec cho bg mdy cai tri cua Tdy Ban Nha vd ddm bdo cho sir Ihong tri ldu ddi cua Tdy Ban Nha d Phiiippin, gido due Philippin dudi thdi thuoc dia Tdy Ban Nha mang linh chdt ton gido ro net... qua (1571- 1863) Xuat phat tu muc dich truyen giao cua Tay Ban Nha, tii thiet lap nen cai tri d Philippin, hg da day manh chinh sach giao dieu tra ngudi Tay Ban Nha thi "sd ngudi biel chir a Philippin