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Cong bo GWI tMen tai l ien Irtn trfl CHINH SACH GIAO DUG CUA PHAP VA ANH HUVNG CUA NU OUI Vdfl NEN GIAU OUC U MIEN NAM VIET NAM (186U 19751 ThS CU TH! DUNG Trung tdm Luu trtf qud''''c gia II Trong 10 nam[.]
Cong bo - GWI t M e n tai lien Irtn trfl CHINH SACH GIAO DUG CUA PHAP VA ANH HUVNG CUA NU OUI Vdfl NEN GIAU OUC U MIEN NAM VIET NAM (186U-19751 ThS C U TH! DUNG Trung t d m Luu trtf qud'c gia II T rong 10 nam diu xam Iffdc Viet dtfdc bpc chff La-tmh vd chff Qudc ngff Nam, chffa cMdm dffdc Bae trffdng Vao tfidi diem nay, phong trao khang Ky vd Trang K5^ ndn muc tidu Phdp nd manh me, cMnh quyln tfitfc ddn gido due cfia ngffdi Phdp chfi chtfa dung chtf Phdp thay thd' chff Qudc ngff ydu thffc tM tdp trang d Nam Ky vd nham de ti-ong chtfdng trinh dao tao Nhtfng quy dinb gidi quydt edc yen clu trffdc mat efia cupc bat bude edc tM sinh phai tM bangtie'ngPhap xdm Itfdc Ngdy 21/9/1861, sau kM cMdm cae ky tM dffdc td chffc tai trffdng Tuy dtfdc Gia Dinh, Phdp ban hdnh Nghi dinh nMdn, bang cdch nay, CMnh quyen Phdp van tfidnb ldp trtfdng Thdng ngdn lly ten Id tiifdng ehffa the trayen ba rdng rai dtfdc tidng Phap d'Adran bay edn gpi la Bd Da Ldc (tuy nMen cho ngffdi Vidt theo bdo cdo 20/11/1886 cfia Gidm dd'c Ndm 1864, nham tdng cffdng vide day Nha Gido due Nam Ky, tM trtfdng d'Adran da tidng Phdp tiifdng hpe, ngdy 16/7/1864, dtfdc cdc nhd traydn gido ntfdc ngoai thdnh CMnh quyln Phdp ban hdnh mdt Nghi dinh 14p trtfdc kM ngtfdi Phdp de'n Viet Nam' Dd thdnh Idp mdt sd trffdng tieu hpc d cdc tinh dl tfiu but hpc sinh, 01/12/1961, Dd dde day chff Qude ngff, day toan Hpc sinh se hpc Bonard ky quyet dinh tdng mtfc hpc bdng cho tieng Phdp 2h/ngdy, dffdc trd cd'p tiln tiifdng d'Adran Nhtfng nhffng cupc khang quan/ngay, ddng thdi se thffdng quan cho cMd'n quydt Udt, eung vdi ttf Mdng bdi Phdp bpc sinh ndo bid't dpc, bid't vid't; 0,5 quan eho ddn chfing Nam Ky kMe'n chfi trtfdng hoc suih mdi Met dpc Cho den nam 1866 cfia Bonard bat Trtfdng d'Adran khdng ngffdi Phdp md dffdc 47 trffdng vdi tdng sd hpc thu hfit dtfdc hpe sinh tham dtf Vi vdy, ngdy sutfild 1.238 ngtfdi Sau mdt thdi gian binh dinh dtfdc Nam Ky, 08/5/1862, Dd dde Bonard ban hanh quyet dinh laptiiTdngThdng ngdn bdn dia vdi mpt sd gia dinh ngtfdi Phdp va ngtfdi Au bat muc dich eung ea'p nhdn vidn thdng ngdn cho diu dd'n sinh sdng va lam vide tai ddy Nhu eau gido due cho eon em ngtfdi An dang ngdy mdt qudn ddi vd bai qudn Phap Den nam 1863, cMnh sdch gido diic efia captiiid't.Chinh vi vdy, vao ngdy 10/02/1868, Phap ed stf thay ddi, muc tidu dtfa vdo stf dung Dd Dde Lagrandiere da quyd't dinh tfianh chtf Phdp va chff La-tinh nham xda bo chff lap trtfdng ngoai tin ddnh cho ngtfdi Au, thudc Nho cung dnh htfdng efia tang Idp si phu yeu stf qudn Iy efia Giam dde Nha Ndi cMnh ntfde ddn chfing mien Nam, Dd dd'c Ndm 1871, cMnb sdch giao due efia Phdp Bonard ban hdnh quyet dinh (quydt dinh ngdy ed stf tiiay ddi can bdn Ngay 10/7/1871, Dd 31/3/1863) tdi lap lai mdt sd tiifdng dao tao dde Duprd da dtfa quydt dinh quan ti-png dde hoc, giao tbii, huan dao Ddng thdi, xdy Diu tien Id quye't dinh tiidnh lap tiifdng stf dtfng chtfdng trinh dao tao mdt sd hpc vi mdi pham tfiudc dia danh eho ngtfdi bdn xtf d Sai nhtf M tdi, cfi nhdn Trong dd, hpe sinh se Gdn Trtfdng se Hieu tiirdng va gido Van thtf LtfD trfl Viet Nam sd' 12/2014 51 Cong bo - GioCi thieu tai lieu Itfu trfl vidn cd bang cap ddm nhdn viec day hpe Hpc sinh dtfde nhan vao hpe eo sd tudi td'i thieu Id 16 vd tdi da la 25 Moi, hpc ndi trfi Kinh pM hoat dpng efia trtfdng Nha ntfdc thude dia cM tra Nghi dinh thff Id, Thdng dde se bd nMem mpt Hdi ddng cd nhidm vu dtfa kd hoach gidng day vd soan gido trinh cho gido vidn Nghi dinh thtf quy dinh cu the vl dpi ngu gido vidn Theo do, moi gido vidn dtfdc cMa phll trach Idp, vd dtfdc nhan trd elp ngodi Itfdng Iquan/ngdy/Idp Itfy nMdn, de ed dtfdc cdng vide nay, gido vien phdi trdi qua k^ thi rl^t nghidm ngat Gido vidn ed bang sd hpc se phll trdch ldp tha'p, gido vidn cd bang cao dang tilu hpe se phu trdch ldp nhat Nham thd'ng nhlt quan ly gido due ngdy 13/01/1873, Dd dd'c Dupre da quydt dinh bd nMdm Hpi ddng dac Met ed nMdm vu ngMdn cffu vd trinh cho Dd dd'c dff thao td chffc Nha giao due Nam Ky, td chtfc cdc trtfdng, chffdng trinh hpc, sach gido khoa va each thtfe triln khai chtfdng trinh giao due tat ca cde trtfdng Cde tiirdng cfia ngtfdi Phdp tM nhtf vdy, Ific vl phia nhdn ddn ta, d ndng thdn, ede tfily van tid'p tue md trtfdng day eon em hpe va thu hut dtfdc nMlu hpe sinh Trtfdc tinh Mnh do, Dd dde Dupre da quye't dinh ngdy 17/ll/I874^vl viec ban hdnh quy ehd vd edi to lai hodn todn hd thd'ng gido due Ddy Id bdn quy chd diu tidn Vdi bdn quy chd ndy Chinh quyln Phdp cam cae tiifdng ttf khdng dffdc md cffa ne'u khdng dffdc phep cfia chinh quyln Ddng thdi qua Ngbi dinh nay, giao dtic d Nam Ky hoan todn midn pM va ttf Cac trtfdng lang day chff Han se hi hfiy bd va thay vao Id 1tiifdngduy nha't nam d rinh ly cfia mdi tinh va day todn bang chff La-tinh Bdn quy chd nam 1874 ehia nen giao due ldm hai bde: Tilu hpc vd Trang hpc Bdc tieu hpe bdi bd cae trtfdng day Qud'e ngff d Idng, ma tap trung ve tinh (mdi tinh ed mdt trffdng): Sdi Gdn, Chd Ldn, My Tho, Vinh Long, Bd'n Tre, Soc Trdng Nhdn stf cua cac trtfdng ndy 52 bao gdm Hieu trtfdng ngtfdi Phdp, bidt tid'ng Vidt va gido vidn thao tidng Phdp Sau nam hpe, bpc sinh se trdi qua ky tM cudi cap Nhffng hpc sinh co hpc Itfe td't ed the tilp tue vide hpe tai trtfdng Trang bpc ban xiJ (College indigene) (thay cho trtfdng stf pham ban xtf) Trtfdng Trang hpe bdn xtf (sau m6t nam thdnh ldp, dtfdc ddi tdn thdnh trffdng Chasseloup - Laubat theo Nghi dinh ngiiy 06/01/1876) se 01 Hieu tiifdng vd cae gido vien ngtfdi Au phu trdch Trtfdng tidp nhdn 120 hpe sinh ndi trii vd cd hpc bdng Chtfdng trinh hpc d trtfdng keo ddi ndm, sau mdi nam se td chtfc ky tM, hpc sinh nao khdng dat se phai nghi hpe Sau ndm hpe, hpc sinh se trdi qua ky thi Id'y bang Cao dang, vdi bang nay, ngtfdi ta ed thl Idm vide ede cd quan hanh chmh hoac ede trtfdng hpe Bdn quy che cung quy dinh chd dp gido due hodn todn midn pM vd ttf d Nam Ky Ddngtfidivdi vide quy dinh be thdng cae trtfdng, bdc hpc Nam K5', quy ebd cua Duprd nam 1874 cam viec md ede trtfdng tff kM chffa dtfdc phep eua cMnb quyln Ngay 17/3/1879^ Dd dde Thdng dde Laffon da quydt dinh vd vide td chtfc lai hd tfidng tiifdng Idp vd Nha gido due Theo quyet dinh gido dtic d Nam K^ dtfdc cMa thdnh ea'p: bde sd elp tieu hpc ( d p I), bae tilu hpc (ca'p II) va eao dang tidu hpe ( d p ID) Cac tiifdng cd'p I cdn dtfdc gpi la trtfdng hang tdng, trtfdng cd'p II edn gpi Id trtfdng hang quan, tiifdng d p III edn gpi Id trtfdng trang hpe M6i dau cd hai trffcfng Id Chasseloup Laubat va Adran (Bd Da Ldc) De'n nam 1880, tii/dng tinng hpc My Tho dffde lap theo Nghi dinh cfia Le Myre de Vilers v l mat td chtfc, cae tiifdng van dat dtfdi quydn qudn ly cfia Gidm dde Nha Ndi cWnh va Chfi tinh theo nhtf bdn quy ehe gido due nam 1874 da quy dinh Hoat ddng gido due d Nam Ky da cd mpt btfdc tid'n bp dang kd tff nam 1880 Sd giao due thdi ky ndy bao gdm cdc tfianh vidn sau: Van thtf Ltfu trfi Viet Nam sd' 12/2014 Cong b^ - Gidi thien tai lieu Itfu trfl - Giam dde sd - Hieutiirdngtiifdngtrung hpe - Thanh tra - Phd Hidu trffdng trffdng trung hpe - 57 Gido vidn ngffdi Au -102 Gido vien ngffdi Viet co bang d p (do ngdn sdch nha nffde thupc dia trd Iffdng) - 4(H) gido vidn trtfdng lang chtfa ed bang d p (do ngdn sdeh dia phtfdngti-dItfdng) Sd Itfdng gido vien ndy se dam trdeh cdng vide giang day tai edc trtfdng: - trtfdng trang bpc (De II d p ) - tiifdng tinh (do gido vien Phdp phii ti-d eh) ' - trtfdng tinh (do gido vidn Viet phii trach) - titfdng Idng danh eho eon trai - 1tiifdngIdng danh cho gai - 300 trtfdng tdng long sd hpe sinh edc tnfdng Id 19.000 hoc sinh Ne'u tinb ca sd bpc sinh dang theo bpc tai eac trtfdng thien chfia gido, tM sd CO thd Idn ddn 30.000 hpc sinh dang theo hpc chff Qud'e ngff Trong tdng sd' ndy, ed khodng 2.300 hpc sinh ndi va vid't thdng thao chff Phdp vd 5.000 hpc sinh nghe Meu dffdc chff Phdp Bdng thdng kd trdn eho tha'y sd Itfdng hpc sinh theo hpc chtf Phdp dd tang len ddng ke tff ndm 1869-1880 Hd thd'ng trtfdng ldng cung phat trien r^t nhanh mac du ke't qua cung chtfa dtfdc nhtf mong ddi He thd'ng gido due d Nam Ky eo le se eo mdt stf tid'n bd Idn bdn ntfa nd'u nhtf ngan sach cfia Nhd ntfdc ddp ffng dffdc cde cM pM cfia hoat dpng giao due CMnh quyen thudc dia da nhan tha'y rdng kinb pM ddnh cho giao due d Nam Ky la qud Idn Do do, kd tff nam 1886, cMnh quyen dd budc td't cd ede trtfdng phdi td chtfc tM tuyen sinh diu vao Ky tM myen sinh ndy cung ddi bdi mdt trinh dd cao gid'ng nhtf tfli Id'y bang hdt cap De'n dau the ky XX, dtfdi thdi cfia Todn quyln Paul Beau (1902-1906) nen gido due efia Viet Nam da ed mdt btfde tien bd mdi CMnh sdch gido due cfia Paul Beau tdp trang vdo nMdm vii sau": 1) tang Itfdng eho gido vien; 2) tao dilu kidn eho cdc gido vien trtfdng ttf cd cd hpi dtfdc giang day cac trtfdng cdng Idp; 3) md cdc trtfdng stf pham vd md khoa stf pham trtfdng Dai hpc Ha Ndi; 4) xud't ban cdc sdch giao khoa viet bang tid'ng Phap, chtf qudc ngff vd chtf Hdn; 5) thdnh lap Uy ban Hodn tMdn nin Gido due ban dia; 6) td chtfc tdt hdn ede ky tbi Chinh sdeh gido due ndy trtfdc tidn dtfdc dp dung d Bac Ky vd Trang Ky, rdi sau mdi phd bid'n d Nam Ky kd ttf ndm 1909 ti-d di Cung nam nay, Todn quyen Paul Beau da md trtfdng Dai hpe diu tidn d Ha Ndi, dd la trtfdng Dai hpe Ddng Dtfdng, eo nhiem vu giup giai ea'p thtfdng Itfu bdn xtf Idm quen vdi ttf ttfdng Phap Kd ttf thdi Todn quyln Klobukowsky (nMem ky 1908-1910), ehe dd quan Iy cfia ngtfdi Phap chfi trpng den cMnh sdch gido due theo cMlu rdng, ttfc Id ban che gido due Cao dang vd Dai hpe, vd chi chfi trpng phdt trien gido due tieu hpc vd ddo tao ky thudt Dtfdi thdi Albert Sanaut (1911 I9I9) nin hpe van d Vidt Nam dtfdc td chtfc lai nhtf sau: Sarraut da cho bai bd ky thi htfdng d Bac ky vdo nam 1915 va d Trang ky vdo nam 1918, thay vao bang mdt stf phd Men chtfdng trinh hpe bang tie'ng Phdp Trtfdng trang hoc d Ha Npi dtfdc md eho hpe sinh ngtfdi Viet, vd Dai hpe Ha Npi boat dpng lai ke ttf nam 1917 Chinh sdch rdng rai cfia Albert Sarraut va'p phai stf ehdng ddi efia gidi kilu dan Phdp, vi dng da tao nhilu dilu kien cho ngtfdi Viet theo hpc Trang hpe vd Dai hpc Dilu nhtf flie chuin bi cho viec Ioai ngtfdi Phap khdi Vidt Nam Chiu dnh htfdng xu hffdng gido due theo cMeu rpng cfia Klobukowsky, Todn quyln Alexandre Varenne (nMem ky 1925-1928) da cd gang phuc hdi edc titfdng hpc d cdc xa vd didu cMnh chffdng tiinh hpe eho phu hdp vdi tffng ddn tdc vd ngon ngff Varenne cung tap tmng Van thtf Ltfu trfl Viet Nam §o 12/2014 53 Cdng b6 - Gidi tliieu tal lien Irita trfl ngdy Tuydn ngdn Dde Idp Ndi dung cMnh cfla eudc cai cdeh lln ndy dtfa trdn nguydn tic ed bdn: ddn ehfl, dan tdc va khoa hpc Sac lenh 10/8/1946* dtfde ban banh,ti-ongdo nin gido due dtfde xdy dtfng theo quan diem "gido due vi nhdn sinh", chfi ydu ren luypn ndng Itfe va dao dtfc efia tl^t ed cdng ddn mdt each binh dang, vdi muc dieb ddo tao ndn mot ngudn cae bd mdi cd trtnh dp, tff qudn ly eho ddn thd chuyen mdn dd phiic vu eho vide xdy dffng vd phat tridn dd't ntfdc TUy nhidn, d miln Nam Vidt Nam, sau Phdp tai cMem vdo ndm 1946, td chtfc nen hpe cMnh d day van khdng cd gl thay ddi, vln chiu anh htfdng cfia nen giao due thdi Phap thudc, ttf chtfdng trinh hpe cho den cd cd'u tl chtfc trtfdng ldp De'n ndm 1949, sau Phap k^ Hidp tfdc trao tra Viet Nam eho Bao Dai, Chinh phfi Bao Dai da cho ban hdnh mpt sd Nghi dinh, Quydt dinb lien quan dd'n vide eai cdeh gido due, song nMn chung vl cdbdn, nen gido due thdi k^ ndy vdn tri tre va chtfa phat tiien dtfde nMeu vi tMdu cMnh sdeh vd tiiidu can bd ndng cdt Vdo ndm 1955, sau kM dtfdc blu lam Tong thdng, Ngd Dinb Diem da xfic tid'n kd hoach phdt tiidn hd tiidng giao due d miln Nam Vidt Nam mang dam phong edch nin giao due My, vdi muc tieu hdng dau la nhanh chdng xda bo dnh htfdng efia gido due Phdp khdi ddi sdng xa hdi va ddi sdng giao due efia todn the nhdn ddn miln Nam Chfi trtfdng efia nin gido due Ngd Dinh Diem khdi xtfdng dtfdc thtfe Men qua giai doan': Giai doan 1, ngMdn cffu, xdy dtfng cde ke hoaeh vl gido due dvl