NHUNG VAN DC KINH TCVi M l Mot so bien phap nham thtrc hien tot chinh sach giao due he mam non TS D6 Thj Hai Ha, Th s Nguyen Thj Thuy Linh Dgi hgc Kinh te Quoc dan Trong he thdng giao diJC qudc dan, g[.]
NHUNG VAN DC KINH TCVi M l Mot so bien phap nham thtrc hien tot chinh sach giao due he mam non TS D6 Thj Hai Ha, Th.s Nguyen Thj Thuy Linh Dgi hgc Kinh te Quoc dan Trong he thdng giao diJC qudc dan, giao due mam non la bae hge dau tien cd vi tri dac biet quan trgng viec gdp phan hinh nen nhan each, ban linh cua eon ngudi, hjnh nen vdn sUe ngudi- yeu td cdt ldi cua su ton tai va phat trien cua mgi qudc gia Chinh sach phat then giao due he mam non da trd chinh sach hang dau cua su nghiep giao diic Dudi sulanh dao cCia Dang va dudng Idi giao due dung dan cCia Nha nude, he thdng giao dtJC mam non nude ta da dat duge rat nhieu tich tdt dep, nhung cung ton tai khdng it cac van de bat cap, ddi hoi xa hgi phai dau tu cdng siic nghien cifu va giai quyet • T udi mam n_on (tU nha tre den mau giao) la nhung nam thang dau ddi ciia ,mdi ngudi, la xuai phat diem de hinh nen nhan each, ban ITnh mpi ngudi NhCfng tri thCfc dau tien (each sd'ng, each ton tai, each thi'ch nghi vdi ddi sdng xa hpi] ve xa hpi, ve ngudi tre dupc hoc tu nhCfng nam thang Tre cd trd mpt ngudi hoan thien hay khdng (ca the luc, tri luc, nhan pharn, dao dCfc, y chf v.v.) chu yeu chju tac dpng c,ua nhu'ng nam thang thupc tudi mam non (tU luc, sinh cho den nam tudi) Ngudi xUa da JCfng ndi: "be khdng vin ,ca gay canh"^ "day tU,thud cdn thd", "hd phu sinh hd tif", "rau nao sau nay", Manh Tif luc tudi bd chei sdm me d vay nudi con, sudi thay mang dao keo dam dam chem chem, thay bao hanh nhu vay, ba me lo sd phai di tim hieu nguyen ' ^' Quan diem | du'dng Idi tiT tu'dng chi dao i kinh ti'J'hat trien nhan mdi biet nha d canh 16 sat sinh, minh bat chudc ngudi ldn dam,bd, giet ldn Ba me phai chuyen jiha den met ndi mdi, den chd d sudt Manh Tii can can, dem dem, mac ca, lUdn leo Ba me sp hai tim hieu nguyen nhan, mdi biet nha d canh chp, minh bat chiidc nhu'ng ngUdi ldn budn ban, can keo, ma,c ca, gian ddi Ba me bupc phai chuyen nha lan nCfa den canh mpt trUdng hpc, Manh Tif bat chi/dc tre ldn di hpc va sau trd mpt danh nhan ciia nhan loai Chfnh nhCfng nam thang d tudi mam non, tre hpc dupc nhieu dipu tU ldp hpc (neu tre dupc d,en ldp): tfnh hoa ddng, tap the; tfnh trat tu ky cUdng; kha nang tii chju trach nhiem, y thCfc tu chu vUdn len; tinh ban; tinh thay trd; sU trung thiic; ti,nh yeu vdi bo me, gia dinh, td q^ud'c; mpt sd ky nang sdng, kha nang tU duy; nudi dudng udc md hoai bao Tdm lai, tudi mau giao va tre dupc di hpc moi trUdng thuan Ipi, tu do, binh ding, cupe sdng,no du, tinh ngudi la mpt ddi hdi va mpt quyen lpi ma gia dinh, xa hpi, Nha nudc phai cd nghia vu dap Cfng Dieu da dupc ghi ro Hien phap nudc t a \ cung nhu cac Cong Udc qudc te ve ngudi ve tre e,m Do dd, chinh sach phat trien giap due mam non cua mpi qudc gia deu chiem mpt vj tri dac biet quan trpng he thdng cac chi'nh sach cua mpi nha nudc Chinii sach prtaf then giao due marn non la tong the cac quan diem, dudng loi, tu tudng ehi dao ciia Nha nifdc ddi vdi he thdng giao diic mam non; dUdc the hien thdng qua cae muc dich, miic tieu dai han va trung han can phai dat idi va phai dugc bao dam bSng eac ngudn life va giai phap tuang Ung Vdi ban chai xa hpi chu nghTa, Nha nudc ta ludn quan tam den viec giao due the he Chi'nh sach giao due mam non ^' ^i Cac mue dich Cac muc tieu Nguon lUc Giai phap thiic hien | 15 m HONG VAN DC KINH TCVI MO Bang 1: So luong va co ca'u giao vien mam non 2002 - 2008 GV nha tre Nam hoc Tong so' GV 20022003 145,934 20032004 150,335 20042005 Tang so nam trirdc Giao vien niir GV mau giao GV Dan toe So iirdng Tyle % So iirong Tyle % So lircing Tyle % So Iirdng 42,696 29.26 103,238 70.74 141.322 96,84 14.504 9,94 3:02 43,669 29.05 103,666 70.95 143.251 95,28 14.980 9,96 155,699 3.57 42,664 27.40 113,035 72.60 147.960 95,03 15.012 9,64 20052006 160,172 2.87 42,946 26.81 117,226 73.19 151.293 94,46 15.379 9,60 20062007 163,809 2.27 42,615 26.01 121,194 73.99 157.372 96,07 15.885 9,70 5.60 44,140 25.52 128,838 74.48 166.476 96,24 17.549 10,14 20072008 i "^'^^^ Tyle % Nguon: Vu Ke hoach Tai chinh Bo Giao due va Dao tao tre thdng qua rat nhieu chfnh sach cu the Hien phap,nudc ta ghi ro: Dieu 65- Tre em dupc ^ia dinh, Nha nudc va xa hpi bao ve, cham sdc va giao dup Luat Giao due Dieu 21 khang dinh: Giao due mam non thuc hien viec nudidUdng, cham sdc, giao due tre em tif ba thang tudi den sau tudi Dieu 22 cua Luat neu ro: Muc tieu cua giao due mam non la giup tre em phat trien ve t,he chai, tinh cam, trf tue, tham my, hinh nhUng yeu td dau tien cua nhan each, chuan bj cho tre em vao hpc Idp mpt^ Van kien dai hpi Dang thi ket luan: Giao due va dao tao cung vdi khoa hpc cdng nghe la qud'c sach hang dau, la,nen tang va dpng lUc thuc day cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dai nUde"* Cung vdi chu truong, dudng ldi dung dan cua chi'nh sach sU dau tu to ldn cua Nha nudc va sU ung hp cua toan xa hpi, nganh giao due mam non da cd nhCfng tien bd vUdt bac Sd lupng nha trudng, sd lUdng thay cd nudi difdng tre, sd lupng cac chau den trudng deu tang qua tiing nam (Bang 1) Cac chi'nh sach ve tien lUdng va phu cap theo lUdng da phat huy hieu qua Chi phf hpc tap binh quan cho mpt hpc sinh va lUdng giao vien binh quan tang theo cac nam, giup cho ddi sd'ng cua giao vien dupc cai thien va chai lUdng giang day di/dc cai thien dang ke (Bang 2) ' Chai lupng cua giao vien thdi gian qua da dupc cai thien qua tifng nam, ty le, giao vien marri non dat chuan va tren chuan tang len hang nam (Bang ,va bang 4) Chai lupng tuyen ehpn dau vao cua cac trudng sU pham mam non cung dupc nang len Tuy nhien, ty le giao vien chUa dat chuan dao tao hien cdn cao, dac biet la giao vien nha tre s d giao vien dUdi chuan hau het d khu vuc ndng thdn, mien nui NhC/ng ndi ,khd khan phan ldn giao vien chi dat trinh dp sd cap, dao tao ngan han Dpi ngu giao vien phan ldn rai tam huyet vdi nghe va,cd ldng yeu thifdng tre thd Chang han qua sd lieu dieu tra cua Trung tam giao due mam non, thdng qua 130 phieu hdi ciia cac cd giao mam non d ndng thdn, ket qua thu dupc la: Cung vdi ,chu trUdng xa hpi hda phat trie'n giao due, nganh giao due mam non cijng cd sU tham gia cua nhieu Bang 2: Dau tu ngan sach cho giao due mam non he cong lap 2002-2008 Nam hoc 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 Chi NS cho GDMN (ty dong) 1.563 2.056 2.550 3.330 4.096 5.038 Chi luong va Phu cap (ty dong) 1.401 1.583 1.907 2.335 2.762 3.325 SoHS cong lap 964.241 1.003.299 1.150.110 1.261.022 1.344.760 1.394.201 SdGV cong lap 52.613 56.706 61.556 65.366 70.265 73.942 Chi hoc tap cho hs (d/nam) 1.621.000 2.049.200 2.217.180 2.640.700 3.045.900 3.613.500 Chi luong cho GV (d/nam) 26.619.300 27.916.000 30.980.000 35.721.000 39.308.000 44.967.700 Nguon: Bo Giao due va Dao tao 16 m NHUNG VRN DC KINH TC V I M #' Bang 3: Ty le (%) giao vien mam non dat chuan trd len giai doan 2002 - 2008 Nam hoc 2002-2003 2004-2005 2003-2004 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 Mam non 54,88 58,2 71,45 78,42 82,29 86,96 - Nha tre 39,26 41,8 59,73 70,25 74,27 79,59 -Mau giao 70,49 74,6 83,16 86,58 90,33 94,33 Nguon: Vu Ke hoach Tai chinh, Bg Giao due va Dao tao Bang 4: Trinh dao tao cua giao vien mam non giai doan 2002 - 2008 Nam hoc Trinh chuyen mon GVMG Trinh chuyen mon GV Nha tre DHva Cao Trung Dudi sau DH dang cap chuan DH Cao Trung Dudi dang cap chuan 2002-2003 111 294 12.053 4.086 743 2.808 44.553 4.638 2003-2004 244 1.052 22.186 6.168 1.938 5.926 79.724 6.418 2004-2005 338 1.397 24.835 6.886 2.603 9.477 86.675 7.251 2005-2006 552 1.732 28.586 7.412 3.807 14.411 82.976 5.211 2006-2007 859 2.151 29.855 9.764 4.738 17.299 93.689 7.082 2007-2008 1.593 4.305 35.657 12.973 7.530 27.862 106.972 9.978 Nguon: Vu Giao due mam non Bo Giao due va Dao tao phan kinh te xa hpi Ben canh cac tUu thuc hien chi'nh sach giao due mam non tdn tai khong ft van de can phai thao luan va giai quyet Thu^nhat, dudng Idi chu trUdng cua Dang va Nha nifdc dUa la chuan xac nhun^ giai phap thuc hien chua cu the chua, khoa hpc va thieu tinh phap quy Neu theo Thong tu lien tich sd 71/2007/TTLT- BGDDT- BNV 28/11/2007 vdi ty le mpt giao vien phu tracn tre em; thi nam hpc'2007- 2008, sd giao vien nha tre la 508.694/8 = 63.586 (thieu 19.446) Con vdi ty le mptgiao vien phu trach 20 chau mau giao thi sd giao vien mau giao nam hoc 20072008 phai la 2.687.037/20 = 134.352 giao vien (thieu 5.514 ngudi) Day chua ke mpt sd lupng cdn rai Idn cac chau Bang 5: Ly mudn lam giao vien mam non Ly Ty le % Nhieu thdi gian roi 0,8 06 vat va hon lam nong nghiep 7,1 Yeu tre, thich lam GVMN Co bien che 82,5 7,9 Gia dinh khuyen bao C6 thu nhap dam bao 0.8 Do chinh quyen yeu cau 5,5 OUdc lam gan nha 5,5 Nguon: Trung tam nghien eUu Giao due Mam non kinh tcJIiilt trien khong den nha tre hoac mau giao (tren 45%) Vi vay, Qudc hpi can cd luat quy di,nh ro: Cac chau 66 tudi tU thang den _6 tudi phai dupc den ldp rnau giao, cac dia phUdng p,hai du trudng, du ldp theo chuan mifc nhai djnh (sd tre tren mpt nhdm,, dien tich, moi trudng, cO sd vat chai, phUdng tien lam viec, che dp cho giao vien v.v); chuan mUc nuoi day phai hpp ly khoa hpc Neu dia phUdng nao (phudng, xa, quan, huyen, tmh, phd) vi pham thi dia phUdng phai chju trach nhiem, phap ly theo cac mCfc cu the ThU hai, ngan sach nha nUdc chua dUdc chu y thda dang den dau tu giao due mam non Neu ngan sach ciia Anh, Phap, Hungari chi cho giao due mam non 90%, bd me ddng gdp 10%, thi d Viet Nam hien ty le tuong Cfng Ia39%va6i% ThU t)a, giao due ma,m non thieu rat nhieu chuan mUc dat (ve ngudi nudi day tre, cd sd vat chai, che dp tuyen 17 m HUNG VnN DC KINH TCVi MO Bang 6: So lugng giao vien, tre em va ngoai cong lap nam 2002 - 2008 t Cong lap Nam hoc Ty le % GV tang so vdi nam trudc Giao vien Tre em ! j Ngoai cong lap Tre em Giao vien 1.583.189 93.321 Ty le % GV tang so vdi nam trudc 2002-2003 964.241 52.613 2003-2004 1.003.299 56.706 7,78 1.585.538 93.629 0,33 2004-2005 1.150.110 61.556 8,55 1.603.984 94.143 0,55 2005-2006 1.261.022 65.366 6,19 1.763.640 94.806 0,71 2006-2007 1.344.760 68.255 4,42 1.802.492 95.554 0,79 j 2007-2008 1.394.201 73.942 8,33 1.801.530 99.036 3,64 Nguon: Vu Giao diJC Mam non, Bg Giao due va Dao tao GI&O v i e n c n a l$p/r>ao^i c n a I^P II ) •iinji" ,.^ ' O Nivrt hpc m C n g lap OOOi •\) _.OU' JJ • mijc^r I 4cue-' £u>LJL sJ ' If! ', ' U 1^1 ehpn va dai ngp giao vien], che dp di tham quan hpc hoi va dao tao giao vien v.v) Chinh vi thieu cac chuan mUc dat ra, nen sd tre khong dude den trudng nhieu cac truong tu thuc dupc md rai nhieu (ma muc tieu cua hp lai chi'nh la ldi nhuan), cac hien tupng xau nganh khong giam (^tham d, an vao suai an cua tre, cho tre an thCfc an luu cCfu thUa cua horn trudc, xam hai tre thd v.v) Che dp dai ngp cho dpi ngu giao vien mam non chua thoa dang; vdl mifc luong nhu hien nay, giao vien rnam non neu khong cd cac khoan thu nhap khac bo sung thi se khong du sdng Dieu the hien tU van ban phap quy: t a i muc Quyet dinh sd 149/2006/QO-TTg 23/6/ 2006 Thu tudng phe duyet ghi: Nha nudc ho trp de giao vien mam non tai cac cd sd giao due mam non dan lap duoc hudng luong kh,6ng thSp hdn mUc lUdng tdi thieu Nha nudc quy dinh Trong dd Bp Luat Lao dpng tai dieu 56 va dieu 132 da ghi rd mCfc luong tdi ill.'; 'iJO'- .'(S.)l thieu la mCfc lUdng tra cho ngudi lao dpng lam viec ddn gian (khdng qua dao tao) vdi dieu kien lao dpng va moi trUdng lao dpng binh thudng Ro rarig lao dpng nudi day tre la het sCfc nang ne va, quan trong, eac cd nudi tdi thieu cung da qua dao ta,o d he trung cap (hoac cao ding, dai hpc) ma lai xep iLfdng dudi hoac bang mCfc tdi t,hieu la thieu dao ly; khd cd the dpng vien dpi ngu nudi day tre yen tam nghe nghiep va het Idng vi tre De chinh sach giao due mam non di vao cupe sdng, dem lai thuan ldi cho ngudi dan, Nha nudc can: ThU nhat, phap dien hda chfnh sach giao due mam non Day la trach nhiem cung Cfng dich vu cdng cua nha nudc cho cdng dan Phai cdng khai cdng bd va chju trach nhiem trudc xa hpi ve he giao due ma^m non Dd la Nha nudc phai bao dam 100,% tre em tii thang den tudi phai dUdc den trudng; trudng phai gan ndi cu trii, va phai dap Cfng du _£sdi •.'OO A chuan mUc quy dinh (dien tfch, trang thiei bi, dpi ngu cd nudi day, chd chdi, chd nghi phu hop vdi mua, cham lo sCfc Khoe, chuong trinh nudi day O mpi vung, mpi mien phai cd su tifong ddng, khdng dupc qua chenh lech) Dd'i vdi cac trudng mam non dan lap va tuthuc theo hudn^ xa hpi hda giao due cung phai tuan thu cac chuan mUc quy djnh va chi dupe thu nhan tre em cd nhu cau rieng cua cac gia dinh (chCf khdng phai vi khdng cd nha tre va Idp mau giao eua nha nudc nen cac gia dinh bupc phai gifi d cac trudng nay) Thif hai, Nha nudc can phai dau tu dung mCfc cho hoat dpng giao due mam non (vi ngUdi dan da hop thue cho nha nudc, thi nha nudc phai cd trach nhiem cung Cfng trd lai cac djch vu cdng cho xa hpi) Day VL/a la trach nhiem, vUa la lUdng tam, vua la dao ly ciia quan chCfc nha nudc vi day la sii,dau tu vd gia va cd anh hifdng^ sau sac den tuong lai cua ca dan tdc Viet Nam Ben kinhtfAti NHUNG VAN DC KINH TC VIM'# canh viec dau tu nhieu hdn nCfa chp cac giao vien va nha tre, mau giao edng lap, Nha nudc cung can cd su quan tam va dau tU_cho cac giao vien va nha tre mau giao ngoai cong lap Thu ba Nha nUdc can c6 mpt quy hoach dai han de xay dung va phat trien mang lUdi trudng^ ldp, dpi ngu cc nuoi da_y tre eho ca nudc va cho mdi dja phUdng ThU tu, Nha nUde can chu y thda dang den viec hoan thien dpi ngu giao vien he mam non; trudc tien la che dp luong bdng, dai ngp; tiep dd la viec boi dUdng giao due dpi ngu giap vien de nang ea,o dupc chai lupng nuoi day tre va dao dCfc, nhan each cua ngudi giao vien Tdm lai chfnh sach giao due he mam non cd mpt y nghia dac biet ca ve mat ly_luan,cung nhi/ ve mat thuc tien de gdp phan dao tao the he tre cho tuong lai cua dai nUdc." Nha Xuat ban Chinh tri Quoc gia- Hien phap nu'dc cong hoa xa hoi chu nghTa Viet Nam nam 1992 Dieu 65, tr39 Ha Npi 2008 Vu Ngoc Binh- Gidi thieu ve cong u'6c ve cong u'oc cua lien Hop quo'c ve quyen tre em, NXB Chinh tri Qudc gia, Ha Noi 1998 Nha xua't ban Chinh tri qudc giaLuat Giao due, Ha Npi 2005 tr 18 Nha xua't ban Chinh tri qudc giaVan kien Dai hdi dai bieu toan qudc lan thifX, Ha Ndi 2006, trang 94-95 De an ddi mdi cP che tai chinh giao due 2009- 2014 Tai lieu tham khao: Vu Dinh Binh- Gidi thieu ve cdng Udc cua Lien hpp qudc ve quyen tre em- NXB Chinh tri Qudc gia, Ha Ndi 1998 Bd Giao due va dao tao- Tu' lieu cua vu giao due mam non, vu ke hoach tai chinh Ha Ndi 2008 - 2009 Nha xuat ban Chinh tri Qudc gia- Hien phap nu'dc cdng hda xa hdi chu nghTa Viet Nam 1992, Ha Ndi 2008 Nha xuat ban Chinh tri Qudc gia- van kien Dai hdi dai bieu toan qude lan thif X, Ha Ndi 2006 Nha xuat ban Chinh tri Qudc gia- Luat giao due, Ha Ndi 2005 J.Tinbergen -Econometric models of Education OECD, Pans 1965 J.Vaizey- The Economics of Education, Free press of Glencoe, NewYork, 1962 (TiY'p theo tmng 6) Dn DRNG HOn HINH THl/C SO HUU day du va ngay_ca nhufng quy dinh hien cd van chua dUdc thuc thi CO hieu qua Che dp quan trj doanh nghiep Nha nudc lai cd nhCfng bai cap khac NhUng ngUdi dai dien chu sd hCfu phan vdn Nha nude eac doanh nghiep Nha nudc chua nhan thCfc dupc tam quan trpng cua quan tn doanh nghiep ndi chung Van de ldn nhai quan tn doanh nghiep Nha nUdc la mdi quan he giCfa chu sd hCfu va ngudi quan ly, bat ngudn tU viec khdng xac djnh dupc ngudi chu thuc siJ Doanh nghiep Nha nude la thupc sd huu tdan dan ma Nha nudc ve ban chai cung chi la ngUdi dai dien cho phan sd hUu dd chinh vi vay, ngudi quan ly doanh nghiep khong phai chiu trach nhiem trudc,mdt nhdm ctiu sd hCfu cu the nao Hon nUa, chua cd thiet che hay bp may de giam sat viec thuc hien cac nghTa vu cua ngudi quan ly doanh nghiep trUdc quyen va_ ldi ich hpp phap cua chu sd huu Cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam hien da phan nao nhan thCfc dupc tam quan trpng cua cong tac quan tri cong ty va kinh tiU'hiit then thay dupe sU can thiet thay ddi he thdng quan tr!,c6ng ty, vi neu khong thay ddi thi sU dao thai cua cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam rai ldn qua trinh hpi nhap Tuy nhien, cac quy djnh va luat le hien hanh d Viet Nam chua cd day du hudng dan cho cac van de ve quan trj cong ty Tham chi cac quy djnh va luat le hien hanh ve quan trj cong ty d Viet Nam cung chUa dupc tuan thii chat che Cac cong ty khong cd du cac hieu biet va thong tin ve quan _tri cpng ty, thieu cac hudng dan ve mat phap ly lien quan den quan trj Theo cac chuyen gia cua Ngan hang The gidi, cac van de khd khan ma doanh nghiep thudng hay mac phai ve quan trj cong ty hien chinh la viec hpi dpng quan trj chua thuc hien tdt vai tro va chLfc nang cua minh; khong minh bach thong tin; giao dich vdi cac ben lien quan va xung dpt ve Ipi ich tiem a'n; ban kiem seat chua thuc hien tdi vai tro chCfc nang Tren thiic te, ban kiem soat doanh nghiep cd rai it quyen han Vj tri mdi ehi dupc quy djnh tren danh nghTa yeu cau cua phap luat Hon nCfa, mpt sd vien hpi ddng quan trj cGng it quan tam den viec tham gia phat then doanh nghiep Nhu'ng cd dong la ngudi lao dpng cong ty thi tren thuc te chi quan tam den ty le chia cd tCfc Chinh vi nhCfng ly tren, nhieu cdng ty cd phan hda da khong cd chien lupc phat trien ro rang va cd hien tupng cac can bp quan ly hoac cd dong ldn lam dung vj the va chCfc quyen de dieu hanh doanh nghiep theo hudng cd ldi cho ca nhan ho Viec thay rd dugc nhung moi quan he dan xen va su dang hda eac hinh thUc sd hifu cac doanh nghiep hien phai dugc coi la bude "dot pha" tu hoach dmh chinh sach va dieu hanh nen kinh te d Viet Nam hien Dieu se md nhung each tie'p can mdi, rpng ldn va da dang hdn de nang eao hieu qua sd hifu ma ket qua tiep theo la viec phat then mdt each nhanh chdng cac loai hinh to chUc kinh doan nhhm tang hieu qua ciia ca nen kinh te.m 19 ... tam giao due mam non, thdng qua 130 phieu hdi ciia cac cd giao mam non d ndng thdn, ket qua thu dupc la: Cung vdi ,chu trUdng xa hpi hda phat trie''n giao due, nganh giao due mam non cijng cd sU... tu giao due mam non Neu ngan sach ciia Anh, Phap, Hungari chi cho giao due mam non 90%, bd me ddng gdp 10%, thi d Viet Nam hien ty le tuong Cfng Ia39%va6i% ThU t)a, giao due ma,m non thieu rat... 21 khang dinh: Giao due mam non thuc hien viec nudidUdng, cham sdc, giao due tre em tif ba thang tudi den sau tudi Dieu 22 cua Luat neu ro: Muc tieu cua giao due mam non la giup tre em phat trien