NANG CAO OIEO QOA SJIOONG PHOONG POAP TNJIO LOAN NHOM TRONG OAY flOGMpN GIAO OOC HOC TAI CAC TRirclNG CAO DANG SI/ PHAM HIEN NAY Trong cac trudng eao ding su pham (CDSP), Giao due hqc (GDH) l i mot tr[.]
NANG CAO OIEO QOA SJIOONG PHOONG POAP TNJIO LOAN NHOM TRONG OAY flOGMpN GIAO OOC HOC TAI CAC TRirclNG CAO DANG SI/ PHAM HIEN NAY TS NGUYEN THj THUY HUONG' T rong cac trudng eao ding su pham (CDSP), Giao due hqc (GDH) l i mot nhifng mdn khoa hpc nghiep vu quan trpng, gdp phan hinh tay nghe su pham cho sinh vien (SV); dd, viec day va hpe mdn hpe (ciing vdi cic mdn khoa hpc nghiep vij khie nhu Tam iihqc, Phuong phap day hqc bq mdn ) phai tht/c st/ phit huy dupe tinh tieh cue, chu ddng cua SV, m i mdt nhiing PPDH phit tiuy dupfc td'ehat chinh la phuong phap thio iuan nhdm {PPTIU) Thuc trang day va hoc mon Giao diJC hoc a trudng supham Thuc tlln dayhqc{DH) mdn GDWtaiTmdng CDSP Nha Trang (va qua trd chuyen true tiep vdi giang vien (GV)daymdnGDH dmpt so tmdng COSP)cho thay, hau hetGV chua sddung phuang phap (PP) mdt each thudng xuyen, hoac neu ed sddung thi ehi mang tinh hinh thdc Phan Idn SV tham gia vin cdn bd ngdvi thieu nhiettinh, ehu yeu la dd'i phd, dd, hieu qua cac gid thao luan khdng cao Nguyen nhan ehu yeu ciia tht/c trang la do: • Oa so G V va SV nhan thdc chua day du ve ban cha't, uu, nhupe diem, cich thdc va quy trinh td'ehde, nhiing yeu eau de to chdc TLN DH dat hieu qua; - Ldp hpe qua ddng (thudng tren dudi i 00 SV/1 Idp); - Phdng hpe khdng du khdng gian; - GV day mdn GDH cd thdi quen sd dung cae PPDH tmyen ihd'ng Nhieu GV ngai sddijng TLN vi PP ddi hoi phai chuan bj cdng phu, to' chdc, quan li khd thuc hien tren Idp; • TLN la PP ton nhieu thdi gian, lupng kien thdc can tmyin dat lai qua nhieu, quy thdi gian danh cho mdn hpc lai it; - SV ehua nhan thdc day du tam quan trpng eua mdn GDH viee ren luyen tay day nghesupham nen ehua ed thai dp hpc tip dung din, coi thudng mdn hpe, khdng ehui'n bj ndi dung thao luan trudc d nhi hoic chua'n bj dd'i phd nen thdi gian thao luan ehi ed so it SV lim viee that su (nhdm trudng va SV khi, gidi nhdm), cdn lai cae em ngoi choi, ndi ehuyen rieng, lam viec rieng Xay dung quy trinh thuc hien PPTLN DH monGDH Chung tdi de xua't quy trinh gom cac budc sau: 1) Chuan bj Giai doan gom budc: 1) Xac djnh muc tieu bai hpe; 2) Xiy dung npi dung thao luan; 3) Tim nguon tai lieu tham khao ngoai nhifng tai lieu bit budc da dupe quy djnh de cuong chi tiet hpc phan de'gidi thieu cho SV; 4) Giao nhiem vu thao luan cho SV chua'n bj vagidi thieu cho SV hethd'ng tai lieu bit budc va tham khao; 5) Thanh lip nhdm thao luan; 6) Boi dudng cho SV PPTLN; 7) H udng din SV chuan bj miu bien ban va phieu danh gii 2) Td'chiic cho SV TLN Giai doan gdm budc: 1) Kiem trasisd'idp vaketquachui'n bj ndidung thao luan d nhi eua SV; 2) Giao nhiem vu cho eac nhdm thao luan, quy djnh rd thdi gian bit dau va ket thuc; 3) Cic nhdm phan cdng nhdm trudng, thu ki, rieng dd'i vdi ngudi dai dien nhdm trinh bay ketquathao luan se chi dinh bat ki sau TLN (chu y: thay doi ludn phien nhdm tmdng, thu ki, ngudi dai dien nhdm trinh bay ket qua dmdi lan thao luan); 4) Cae nhdm tien hanh thao luan, GV quan sat hoat ddng thao luan cua cac nhdm, kjp thdi dieu ehinh nhifng SV ed thai dp, hanh vi hpc tip khdng dung din thao luan 3) Bleu khien cac nhdmSV thao luan tren Idp: 1) Phin cdng ngudi dieu khien cic nhdm thao luan (Idp tmdng hoic \dp phd hpc tip); 2) Cac nhdm lan lupt trinh bay ket quathao luan tmdc Idp, nhdng nhdm cdn lai phan bien va danh gia ket qua dua tren tieu chi: chit lupng ndi dung trinh bay (7 diem), kha ning trinh biy (2 diem), thdi gian trinh IJay (1 diem) 4) Td'ng kit, danh gia G iai doan gom budc: 1) Vdi vai trd trpng tai, G V chdt lai kien thdc ca ban va bd'sung hoan thien ndi dung trinh biy eiia mil nhdm deSV ca Idp cung hieu (tranh tinh trang GV giang lai toin bd cie vi'n de S V da trinh bay lim m i't thdi gian); 2) Td'ng hpp ket qua cac nhdm tt/dinh gii lin * Tnroing Cao ding sir pham Nha Trang 32 Tap ehi Gido due so 325 (kil-1/2014) thdng bao cho SV; 3) GV can ed vao cic tieu chi phieu danh gia so sanh vdi ket qua trinh bay ciia cie nhdm, dinh gii chinh xac ket qua thao luan eua cae nhdm va thdng bio cho SV; 4) GV nhan xet, dinh gii viee ehuan bj ndi dung hudng din tuhpc d nha eua SV, qua trinh cung nhu ket qua thao luan ciia cac nhdm SV, khen thudng nhifng nhdm, nhifng SV tham gia thao luan td't, ddng vien, khuyen khieh detao hifng thii hpe tap cho SV 5) Giao nhiem vu cho bai hgc md/; - G V thdng bio ndidung hudng din tuhpc cho SV, eung cap cho SV giao trinh v i tai lieu tham khao de SV soan de cuong theo he thd'ng ciu hdi, bii tip hudng din tu hpc; -GV hudng din SV each tra Idi he thd'ng cau hdi hudng din tuhpc Dieu kien dethue hien PPTLN mpt each cd hieu qua DH mon GDH 1) Vephia GV: - Lua chqn ndidung r/./V + Xua't phit td mue tieu, npi dung bii hpc, GV thie't ke eac boat ddng DH, dd xic djnh hoat ddng nao can td'ehde TLN;-!-Ndidung TLN phai CO ban, trpng tim, dupfc ciu tnic bdi cie don vj kien thdc, d l phan ehia dekhi thao luan, nhdm tmdng edthephin cdng nhiem vu cuthe cho mdi vien hoac nhdm nhd SV tht/c hien (khi so lupng SV nhdm thao luan qua ddng), tranh xay hien tupng cd SV ngoi choi khdng lam viee; + Ndi dung thao luan phai phii hpfp vdi thdi gian thao luan de SV ed du thdi gian thue hien nhiem vu hpe tip; - Chuan biki ndi dung thio iuan, ludng trudc nhiing tinh hud'ng cd the xiy ra;-Giao nqi dung thio iuan cho cildp venha chuan bi GV yeu eau SV ehui'n bi cae ndi dung thao luan, di/kien tmdc nhifng eau hoiphan bien dmdi ndidung;-/C/e'mfra, dan/) g/a ket qui chuan bi ndi dung thio iuan a nhi ciia S V: Trudc mdi lan thao luan, GV kiem tra phin ehui'n bj thao luan dnha eua SV v i sau mdi bud'i thao luan G V thu vd ve nha cha'm diem SV se ducfc eai thien diem neu phan chua'n bj lan ta/dc ehua ed chait luong bj G V danh gii diem thi'p - Phan cdng nhiem vu cho nhdm trudng, thuki, ngudi trinh bay ket qua va cac vien cdn lai: + Nhiem vu ciia nhdm trudng: Chia nhdm nhd; phan cdng nhiem vu thao luan cho cac nhdm nhd; dieu hanh eac nhdm nhd thao luan; ciing thu ki td'ng hpp ket qua thao luan eua eic nhdm nho va ghi vao bien ban y kien thdng nhat cua cae nhdm nhd; + Nhiem vu eua thu ki: ehuan bj bien ban thao luan va phieu dinh gii (theo miu sau): BIEN BAN THAO LUAN Danh sach vien tham gia thao luan Nguyin Van A Nguyin Van B Nguyin Van P Npi dung thao luan (Y kien thong nhat cua nhom) Banh gia: (bang 1) Tieu chi ddnh gid N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 NG N7 N8 ChSt Wang ND innh bSy (7 iliSm) Khd ndng trinh bdy (2 i^em] Thdi gian trinh bay (1 diem) Tfl'ng cbng Diem danh nhdm vadanh dau nhifng ngudi ving mat vao bien ban TLN; nghe eic thinh vien nhdm trao dd'i, thao luan, td'ng hop cae y kien v i ghi vao bien ban TLN; ghi diem danh gia td'ng hpp cua nhdm minh dd'i vdi eac nhdm khac vao phan danh gia bien ban thao luan; + Ngudi daidien nhdm trinh bay ket qua thao luan: la mdt ngudi bat ki dupe ehi djnh sau ket thiic thdi gian TLN (khac d moi lan thao luan); + Dd'i vdi eic thinh vien cdn lai nhdm: mdi vien dupe giao mdt nhiem vu thao luan eu the Ket qua thao luan cua ea nhdm l i ketqua ddng gdp eua mdi ea nhan - Dieu khien SV thio iuan tren idp: -i- GV cd Idp trudng va Idp phd hpe tap luan phien dieu khien Idp d mdi lan thao luan; + G V ddudi Itjp vda nghe eac nhdm trinh bay, viia quan sat Idp, nhie nhd tdng SV tap trung nghe phan trinh bay eua nhdm ban; + GV yeu eau SV eac nhdm dat ciu hdi phan bien dd'i vdi phin - Phan chia cic nhdm thio iuan: Dd'i vdi cae gid trinh bay cua nhdm ban (yeu cau mdi SV tu dit cho GDH, viee ehia nhdm nhd (5-6 ngudi) la ri't khd khin nhdm ban mdt cau hdi phan bien); + GV dit eau hdi (do mdi idp ed so lupfng SV qua ddng), vi vay, nen phan bien cho cae nhdm tra Idi, dan dit cac nhdm tap ehia nhdm theo don vj td'hpc tip (nhdm Idn khoang tmng lim sang td nhung kien thdc co ban, tim 10-20 ngudi) Trong mdi nhdm Idn cdthe chia eua bai hpe, khuyen khieh nhdng ciu tra Idi dde dao, cac nhdm nho hon (4-6 ngudi) theo ndi dung ei'u sang tao eua SV; + Chu y ket hpp linh hoat, hpfp li tnjc eic dan vj kien thdc ciia ndi dung thao luan phuong phip TLN vdicae PPDH khac qui trinh Thudng mdi Idp SV duqc ehia thinh to' hpc tip td'ehde cho SV thao luan, vi mdi PPDH cd nhdng uu (4 nhdm thao luan Idn) Neu ghep Idp SV, cd8 nhdm nhuac diem rieng, khdng cd PPDH nao la van ning; thao luan Idn + Sddung quy thdi gian tiet hpe hpp li, can dd'i; + Tao Tap ehi Gido due so 325 (kil-1/2014) 33 Bing cho tha'y, ed su chenh lech ding ke ve khdng din ehu, tin cay, cdi mdtrong thao luan de mpi SV bde Id dupe suy nghi cua minh; - Tong ket, mdc dp tich et/e tham gia PPTLN cua SV giifa cac tiet danh gia, giao nhiem vu mdi cho S V venha ehuan bi:day mdn GDH tmdc v i daythdnghiem PPTLN theo quy trinh dtren Trong dd, m uc dp tich cue tham gia cua SV tai cic lan 2) Ve phia SV:-Xac djnh rd nhiem vu hpc tip, tir day thd nghiem eao hon gid day trudc thd nghiem lap ke hoach tu hpe cho minh; - Chui'n bj day dii ndi Tren co sd ket qua thi/c nghiem, chung tdi sd dung dung thao luan d nha; - Tich cue, nhiet tinh tham gia PPTLN theo quy trinh da de xuait day cac hpc phan quatrinh thao luan khac thupc khoa hpc nghiep vu nhu Phuong phap Thu nghiem cac bien phap nang cao hieu nghien eifu khoa hpe v i Tim li hpe tai cic Idp cua qua su dung PPTLN day mon GDH tai Trudng CDSP Nha Trang, ket qua thu dupe eung Trudng CDSP Nha Trang tuong tu nhu ket qua thd nghiem Ve ket qua hpe tap 1)Mucdich: Chifng minh tinh khathi vahieu qua cua SV thu dupe td viee i p dung PPTLN theo quy eua eac bien phap d i de xua't tren tai eic Idp ehung tdi day eao hon so vdi tmdc trinh 2) Ngi dung: Thd nghiem mpt so bien phap vasaudayva hpc mdn GDH taiTrudngCDDSP day chua ip dung PPTLN ratnhieu.chifngtdcac Nha Trang: - Nang cao nhin thifc cho SV ve: ban bien phip chiing tdi thd nghiem d tren la kha thi va cha't, each thdc, quy trinh thue hien, nhi/ng yeu hieu qua eau dd'i vdi SV dethue hien hieu qua PPTLN; -Td' Sddung PPTLN DHIimdttrong nhifng giai chdc cho SV thao luan nhdm tiet GDH theo phap td'i uu giup GV phat huy manh me tinh tieh cue, quy trinh da xay dung: -i- Giao cho SV chua'n bj dde lap, sing tao cua SV, ning cao chat lupng DH trudc bai mdi d nha va kiem tra viee ehuan bj bii Song tren thuc te, nhieu GV sddung PPDH chua mdi d nha eua SV; + To' chdc cho SV thao luan hieu qua.Desddung PPTLN thinh cdng, theo chung nhdm tren Idp theo quy trinh de xui't; + To' chdc tdi, GV GDH can thuc hien dong bd cac bien phap cho SV phan bien ndi dung cic nhdm trinh bay d neu tren U tren Idp; + Td'ehde cho cic nhdm dinh gia ket qua thao luan eda cie nhdm khie dua vao tieu chi: Chi't lupfng ndi dung trinh biy (3 diem); kha nang Tai lieu tham khdo trinh bay (2 diem); thdi gian trinh bay (1 diem); NguySn Ngoc Bao (chu bien) - Trin KiSm LiluSn + G V hoan thien ndi dung thao luan sau phan trinh day hoc «tnnong trung hpc co' sd" NXB Dcii hpcsu bay va danh gii ciia cic nhdm phamHdN6i,2O05 3)Khach the.^^3 SV Khoa Cao ding tieu hpe - Phan Trong Ngo Day hoc va phinmg phip day Tmdng CDSP Nha Trang hoc nha trudng NXB Dai hpc supham Hd Ndi, 4) Tien hanh thu nghiem vaphan tich ketqua: 2005 De dinh gii tinh kha thi v i hieu qua eua cic bien NguySn Lang Binh (chu bien) - D6 Huong Tra phap thd nghiem tren, chung tdi d i sddung PPTLN NguySn Phuong Hdng - Cao Thi Thang Day va hpc day tiet GDH, dd ed tiet d dieu kien binh tieh cue mdt sd' phinmg phap va ki thu^t day hoc thudng va4tie'tddieu kien thdnghiem (lan 1:2 tiet; lan NXB D(ii hpc supham Hd Ndi, 2010 2:2 tiet) Ket qua: 4.Tran Ba Hoanh - NguySn Dinh KhuS - Dao Nhir Bang Ket qui thi nghiem mot so bien phap nang cao Trang Ap dung day va hoe tich cue m6n Toin hieu qua si dung PPTLN DH mon GDH hoc NXB Dai hpc supham Hd Ndi, 2003 tai Tmdng CDSP Nha Trang n NOi dung bl^n plt^p Mile dd tham gia tich cue ci]a SV 2Ut net 2tiettwdc thi} nghiem thO nghISm thijt nghiem lUnl lin SL Giao d n SV c U i bj tnltt; tiS mA ilnlia vi k i ^ tra viec d i ^ bib^oBSV T8 Chile cho SVthSokiSn nhdm tenisp TS chiJc cho SV phSn biSn nOi dung c^c nh6ni trinh biy d trSn Idp % SL % SL % too 85 75,2 113 100 113 24 21.2 101 89,4 110 97,3 21 18,6 86 76,1 104 92,0 34 Tap chi Gido due so 325 SUMMARY Group discussion Is one of the teaching methods used by teachers of Education in Junior Teachers' Training Colleges mainly to develop students' active learning However, most teachers not use this method effectively Therefore, the key causes of this situation are discussed and solutions are recommended for teachers of Education to use group discussion more efficiently (kil 1/2014) ... NXB Dcii hpcsu bay va danh gii ciia cic nhdm phamHdN6i,2O05 3)Khach the.^^3 SV Khoa Cao ding tieu hpe - Phan Trong Ngo Day hoc va phinmg phip day Tmdng CDSP Nha Trang hoc nha trudng NXB Dai hpc... so 325 (kil-1/2014) 33 Bing cho tha''y, ed su chenh lech ding ke ve khdng din ehu, tin cay, cdi mdtrong thao luan de mpi SV bde Id dupe suy nghi cua minh; - Tong ket, mdc dp tich et/e tham gia PPTLN... nhiem vu mdi cho S V venha ehuan bi:day mdn GDH tmdc v i daythdnghiem PPTLN theo quy trinh dtren Trong dd, m uc dp tich cue tham gia cua SV tai cic lan 2) Ve phia SV:-Xac djnh rd nhiem vu hpc tip,