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BMPHAPiiGCAOlilliASlIDifiPHllGPlPTHlOLIJMli TRONG Bdl DirdfNG CAN BO QUAN Ll GIAO DUC O TS NGUYEN THANH V I N H '''' Dl ddp ung ydu cdu tdng cudng ddi mdi phuong phdp dpy hpc (PPDH) hl|n nay d cde eo sd[.]
BMPHAPiiGCAOlilliASlIDifiPHllGPlPTHlOLIJMli TRONG Bdl DirdfNG CAN BO QUAN Ll GIAO DUC O D TS N G U Y E N THANH V I N H ' l ddp ung ydu cdu tdng cudng ddi mdi phuong phdp dpy hpc (PPDH) hl|n d cde eo sd bdl dudng edn bd qudn If gido dye (BDCBQL), v i ^ dpy vd hpc cdc mdn nghidp vy cde Idp bdl dudng (BD) phdl thyc sy phdt huy dupe Hnh tfch eye, chu ddng h/ hpc, phdt huy nhOng Idnh nghl|m qudn If (QL) cOa hpe vidn (HVj.Cdnhuvdy, soundykhl hpc xong hd v l vdi cdng v l ^ QL cOo minh, HV mdi cd t h i tdc nghidp tdt vd hidu qud edng tdc QL Vi vdy, vif c dpy vd hpe Nghl$p vy qudn If gido di^c (NVQLGD) hong cdc co sd DT ed llSn quon phdl mang Hnh tdc nghifp coo ddi vdl PP ndy Id khdng glon Idp hpc (Idp ddng, phdng hpe h^p); thdl gian TLN cdn nhilu nhung ngudi hpc chi cd 45-50 phut Hong mdt gid hpc; mdt sd HV Hnh h/ gidc chua coo, • Cdc budc tiin hdnh TLN: - idm vi^ chung cd Idp: GV ndu vd'n d l , xdc djnh nhl^m vy nhdn thdc; td chik cdc nhdm, gloo nhl|m vy; hudng ddn cdch Idm v l ^ nhdm; - idm vi^ theo nhdm: phdn edng nhdm; td chde thdo ludn Hong nhdm; ci> dpi dl|n Wnh bdy kit qud Idm v l ^ cda nhdm; - Tdng kit trudc Idp: cde nhdm Idn lupt bdo cdo kit qud; thdo ludn chung; GV tdng kit, ddt vd'n d l cho phdn Hip theo h'ong bdl Trong qud Wnh td chuc BD, cd the su dyng nhilu PPDH khdc nhdm phdt huy h'nh Hch eye, chu ddng hpc tdp cuo HV nhu: PPDH Hnh hudng, dfitvd gidl quyet vdn d l , thdo ludn nhdm (TLN), Idm bdl tdp nghldn cuu ; Hong dd, PPTLN phdt huy ldi dupc mdt Hch eye vd vd'n kinh nghidm cOo ngudi hpc, mdt gidng vien (GV) cd tdm huy^, ndm chde quy Wnh vd cd bien phdp td chde thdo ludn huu hlf u * Dliu ki$nrfiychien cd hiiu qud PPTIN: phdng hpc cd du khdng gian; nhiem vy hpc tdp du khd; GV hllu rd bdn chdt cua PPTLN; thdi glon du de HV TLN vd Wnh bdy kit qud Khdi nidm PPTLN d a y hpc (DH) «Hpc tap nhdm Id mdt PP hpc tdp md theo phuong thdc dd HV nhdm h-oo ddi, giup dd vd hpp tdc vdi nhou hpc tpp" (1) Trong hdu hit cde tdi [l$u hl|n ed, TLN dupc col Id mdt PPDH (PP hpc nhdm) V I bdn chdt, dd Id cdch thdc tiln hdnh hopt ddng eua ngudi day vd ngudi hpe, dd, GV chia Idp hpc thdnh cdc nhdm nhd d l HV troo ddi, giup dd, hpp toe, eOng nhou nghidn cuu gidi q u y ^ cdc vdn d l md G V d$t ra, nhdm giOp HV h/ fim ro W thdc mdi cho minh, dudi sy td chuc, hudng ddn cda GV PPTLN ed uu diim Id ndng coo h'nh tuong h^c giua cde thdnh vidn nhdm; tinh thdn trdeh nhldm ed nhdn dupc d l coo; phdt Hiln ndng lye Idnh dgo, td chde; tdng cudng sy ddnh gid w n g ddng vd ,h/ ddnh gid h-ong nhdm; sd dyng hpp If nhung kpndng giao Hip, Tuy nhiln, hgn chd Giao due so |id i ^ a/aoia) Tinh hinh thyc hl|n PPTLN d cdc co sd OT, BD CBQLGD hl$n noy • Sa luge vdl net ve ke hoach DH, chuong trinh BD hiin Thdi glon qua, d l chudn hda ddi ngu CBQLGD, hdu hit cdc HV Hiom gio BD d i u phdi hpc mdt chuong Wnh gdm phdn: Dudng Idl chfnh sdch; Nhd nudc vd QL hdnh chfnh nhd nudc; QL nhd nudc vi GD-DT; Cdc vd'n di chuySn biet QL nhd trudng Trong phdn ndy thi phdn sou chO yeu Id cdc kiln thdc, kr ndng ed tfnh toe nghidp cao vd sd gid hpc cho y l u Id trdn Idp, sd gid cho chudn bj cd nhdn Id rd't ft , , 'Tinh hinh su d\fng PPTLN cOa GV Qua troo ddi vd dy gid vdl GV day phdn NVQLGD tpi Hpc vi|n QLGD (noi td chuc OT, BD CBQL nhilu vd da dpng nhdt) v l vl§e sd dyng PPTLN h-ong DH cOa hp, ch6ng tdi nhdn thdy: thye hidn k l hopch DH ede phdn ndy sd tilt GV Idn Idp d l hudng hSr| ddi mdi PPDH (thdo ludn chung, phdt vdn, ndu vdn dl, ) chilm khodng 30%-50%; *l^vifiqiiiilf^odvc ngupc Iql, sd tilt GV td chuc cho HV thyc hdnh, thdo ludn theo nhdm nhd chi chilm 10%-15% Hdu het GV chua su dyng PP ndy mdt cdch thudng xuydn hodc cd si> dyng thi cdn mong Hnh chd't hinh thuc Phdn Idn HV tham gia thilu nhidt tinh, dd'i phd Hl|u qud cdc gid thdo ludn chua coo Nguydn nhdn chu y l u cuo thye trpng ndy Id do: • Do sd GV vd HV nhdn thdc chua ddy du v l bdn chd't, cdch thuc, quy trinh td chuc TLN DH dpt hl|u qud; - Ldp hpc qud ddng, phdng hpe hep; • GV cd thdi quen si> dyng cde PPDH HuyIn thdng (nhilu GV ngpi su dyng TLN vl PP ndy ddi hdi phdl chudn bj cdng phu, QL khd thyc hl|n trdn kS-p); - Cd GV vd HV chua nhdn thuc ddy dO tdm quon Hpng cOa cde phdn tdc nghidp QL Hong v l ^ «dpy nghi QL" ndn GV ddnh ddng cde phdn ndy nhu cdc phdn khdc Hong chuong trinh, HV ehua quen vtM cdc hinh th(>c mdi Hong hpc tdp, chudn bj ddt phd, b| ddng Hong qud Wnh thdo lupn Hdn Idp; - HV khdng y thuc dupc sy cdn thilt phdi hpp tdc d l chilm Irnh Hi thuc QL ndn Hong thdl glon thdo ludn cht cd sd it Idm vide that sy, cdn Ipl cdc HV Uidc ngdi choi, ndl chuyen ridng, Idm vl^c rldng Bidn phdp ndng cao h i | u qud si> dyng PPTLN Wang bdl duong De su dyng hieu qud PPTLN d a y NVQLGD tpi HVQLGD hidn nay, cdn su dyng ddng bd cdc bidn phdp sou: 1) Ndng cao nhdn thuc cho GV vd HV cdc vd'n di vi PPTLN dgy vd hgc phdn NVQLGD; Hen co sd dd blln nhdn thuc thdnh nhu cdu, thdi quen su dyng d hp 2) Xdy dgng quy trinh rfiyc hiin PPTLN DH phdn NVQLGD a) Glal dogn 1: Chudn bl: - Budc 1: Xdc djnh myc Ndu bdl hq)e; - Budc 2: Xdy dyng ndl dung thdo lupn; - Budc 3: Gidi thl^u ngudn tdi ll|u iham khdo ngodi nhung tdi li^u bdt budc dd dugc quy djnh; - Budc 4: Gloo nhl$m vy thdo ludn cho HV chudn bi; - Budc 5: Thdnh Idp nhdm thdo ludn; - Budc d: BD cho HV PPTLN; - Budc 7: Hudng ddn HV chudn bj mau bidn bdn vd phllu ddnh gid b) Glal dogn 2: Td chuc cho HV thdo ludn nhdm: • Budc 1: Kilm tro sT sd' Idp vd kit qud chudn bj ndf dung thdo ludn d nhd cua HV; - Budc 2: Gloo nhldm vy cho cdc nhdm thdo ludn, quy djnh ro thdl glon bdt ddu vd kit thdc; - Budc 5; Cdc nhdm phdn cdng nhdm hvdng, thu kf, ridng ddi vdi ngudi dpi dl^n nhdm trinh bdy kit qud thdo ludn sd chf djnh bdt ki sou thdo lu$n nhdm; - Budc 4: Cdc nhdm Nln hdnh thdo lupn, GV quon sdt hopt ddng thdo ludn cda cdc nhdm, kip thdi dilu chfnh HV cd thdl dd, hdnh vl hpc tdp khdng dung ddn thdo ludn c) Giai dogn 3: Dliu khiin cdc nhdm HV thdo lu^n trin Idp: - Budc h Phdn edng ngudi dilu khlln cdc nhdm thdo ludn; - Budc 2: Cdc nhdm Idn lupt trinh bdy kit qud thdo ludn Hudc Idp, cdc nhdm cdn Ipi pndn bl^n nhdm Idm sdng td vdn d l ; - Budc 3: Sou phdn Wnh bdy cua moi nhdm, cdc nhdm cdn Ipl ddnh gid kit qud dya Hdn tidu chf: chdt lupng ndl dung, khd ndng vd thdl glon Wnh bdy d) Glal dogn Tdng kit, ddnh gid: - Budc h GV chdt Ipi kiln thue co bdn vd bd sung hodn thl^n ndl dung Wnh bdy eua mdi nhdm d l HV cd k5p cung hllu; - Budc 2: Tdng hpp kit qud cdc nhdm, ddnh gid chfnh xdc kit qud thdo tudn cuo cdc nhdm hvdc HV; - Budc 3: GV nhdn xdt, ddnh gid vl|c chudn bj ndl dung cdo HV, khen thudng nhung nhdm, nhung HV tham gio thdo ludn tdt, ddng vidn, khuyin khich de tpo thu hpc tdp cho HV; - Budc 4: tilp tyc giao nhi|m vy cho bdl hpe mdi hodc phdn hpe Hip theo 3} Chudn bl cdc dliu kl$n di thgc hiin hidu qud PPTLN phdn NVQL a) Vi phfa CV: • iga chgn n^i dung TLN, edn: + Xud't phdt h> myc Hdu, noi dung bdl hpc, GV thiet k l cdc hopt ddng DH, dd xdc djnh hopt dpng ndo edn td chuc thdo ludn nhdm; + Ndl dung TLN phdl CO bdn, trpng tdm, ddng thdl cd tinh vd'n d l (tuong dd'i khd, hodc rd't khd thyc Hln QL), hdp ddn dd'i vdl HV, budc HV phdl ddng ndo; + Ndi dung thdo ludn dupc cdu HOc bdl ede don vl kiln thue, de phdn chia d l thdo ludn; nhdm trudng ed t h i phdn cdng nhldm vy cy t h i cho mSl thdnh vidn hodc nhdm nhd HV thye hl^n, trdnh xdy ro hl|n hrpng cd HV ngdi choi khdng Idm vide; + Ndl dung thdo ludn phdl phu hpp vdl thdl glon thdo tudn d l HV cd da thdl glon thye hidn nhldm vy hpc tdp; + Gloo ndi dung thdo ludn cho ed Idp v l nhd chudn bj (Idp chf Nln hdnh thdo ludn H-dn co sd mpi HV dd chudn bj chu ddo ndl dung thdo ludn); + Phdn chlo cdc nhdm thdo ludn: ndn chia nhdm theo don vj td hpc tdp (nhdm Idn khodng - ngudi); + Phdn cdng nhldm vy Tap chi filao due so