NANG CAD HIEU QDA SJlDDNG PHINING PHAP THAD LUAN NHDM TRONG DAY HOC MON KIIIIIIB HEm ll Ell BAH m EHUHEIHA MAE W dTRLTdNG DAI HOC O ThS BUI THI THANH HUYEN* Day hpc bdng phuong phdp thdo ludn nhdm (PP[.]
NANG CAD HIEU QDA SJlDDNG PHINING PHAP THAD LUAN NHDM TRONG DAY HOC MON KIIIIIIB HEm ll Ell BAH m EHUHEIHA MAE dTRLTdNG DAI HOC O W ThS BUI THI THANH HUYEN* ay hpc bdng phuong phdp thdo ludn nhdm Id mdt nhirng mdn khoa hpe eo bdn, dupe (PPTLN) dd vd dong Suae dp dung d ede day d nhirng ndm ddu cuo bdc dpi hpe Mye bdc hpc hiSn Dd'i vdi dpy hpc d dpi dich cua viec day hpe bp mdn Id bi cho hpc, PPTLN Id mdt nhirng phuong phdp dpy SV t h i gidi quan vd phuong phdp ludn khoa hpc (PPDH) quon trpng nhdm phdt huy td't nhd't hpe d l hopt ddng nhdn thuc hpc tap vd tinh tich eye cua ngudi hpc D l ndng ecro hieu hong thye tiin cudc sdng cuo cdc em ed ke hopeh qud day hpc bdng PPTLN, cd gidng vien (GV) vd khoa hpe, cd hifu qud nhd't Tuy nhien, moi sinh viSn (SV) phdi ddm bdo nhirng yeu cdu sou: trudng dpi hpc cd nhieu chuyen ngdnh khde ViSc lya chpn day hpe bdng PPTLN cuo nen ddi tupng hpc tdp cung khde nhau, khd ndng GV phdi phii hpp vdi npi dung kiln thuc cija bdi Hep thu^ nhu edu, myc dich hpe tap cung khde dqy cu thi Trong thyc t l chuong trinh mdn Nhirng O nhirng Idp chuyen ngdnh nhirng nguySn ilea bdn cua chO nghTa Mde - Lenin, viectrudng ed ddo too chuyen mdn ve Trilt hpc lya chpn kiln thuc d l day hpc bdng PPTLN ludn Mde - Lenin thi kiln thuc nen, khd ndng tilp thu, Id bdi todn khd ddi vdi moi GV, dde biet phdn nhu cdu mye dich hpc tap cuo SV rdt td't; ngupc Thi gidi quan vd phuong phdp ludn triit hoc eua Ipi, SV d ede chuyen ngdnh khdc ehi cho mdn ehu nghTa Mac - Lenin vd'n boo gdm rdt nhieu hpc Id mdn dieu kien bdt budc nen Hnh thdn hpc khdi niem, phpm trii, nguydn li, quy ludt trilt hpe tap khdng tich eye Vi vdy, dpy hpe, GV edn triru h/png, khd hiiu vdi SV (chdng hpn, cdc khdi xde dinh myc dich hpe tdp chinh cuo SV, cdc nISm «vdt chd't", «ytbuc", hoy khdi niem «/d"n tgi yeu td chi phdi thdi dp tich eye hpe tap cuo SV xd bgi', «y thuc xd bdi" ) Lya chpn dupe ndi Ngudi hpc se ed thdi dp tich eye nlu PPTLN dem dung kiln thuc thich hpp d h/ng bdi dpy d l dp Ipi cho hp kiln thuc, kT ndng, ddp irng dupe dyng day hpc bdng PPTLN se gdp phdn quylt nguyen vpng eua hp ddi vdi bd mdn dinh thdnh cdng eua GV tren bye gidng Phdi ed sy kit hpp PPTLN vdi cdc PPDH khdc Nhung tiSu chi d l GV xde dinh cdc kiln tht/c Trong qud trinh day hpe dpi hpe, rdt nhieu PPDH cd t h i day hpc bdng PPTLN ed hieu qud Id: d mdt khdc dupe su dyng nhu: thuylt trinh, ddm bdi dpy ey the, day hpe bdng PPTLN phdi t h i thopi, neu vd'n de, dpy hpc trye quon, neu cdc hifin Knh uu vi§t; tinh chu dpo cua PPTLN dupe bdi tap Hnh hudng Moi phuong phdp cd uu thi hien sud't qud trinh day hpc; tinh tich dilm vd nhupc dilm rieng, vi vdy cdn dya vdo eye cua ngudi hpc dupe ddm bdo; ndi dung hpc h/ng lopi kiln thirc cy t h i eua bp mdn d l su dyng l^p 6ugc ehuyin tdi tdt tdi ngudi hpe (ey the Id: h/ng PPDH cho phu hpp nhdm phdt huy tdi da cdc khdi nlfm, nguyen ii, quy ludt, ede kT ndng chd't lupng day hpc bd mdn Do dde thu nhieu eo bdn), ngudi hpc tilp thu mpt each thudn Ipi; kiln thuc lien quon d i n cdc khdi niem, nguyen li, khd thi (bilu hien: cdc d i l u kien thyc hien phdi quy ludt, phpm trii truu hrpng, khd hiiu ddi vdi phii hpp vdi nhdn thuc cua ngudi hpc vd cdc dieu SV, dd'i vdi bd mdn Nhirng nguyen li co bdn aJa klf n cy t h i cuo co sd dpy hpe, cd t h i thyc hien ebu nghTa Mde - Lenin neu ehi si/ dyng mpt PPDH nhd't cd budi hpc d i gdy nhqm chdn, PPDH ndy h-en dien rpng hon) kem hieu qud, thdm chi khdng thyc hien td't dupe Trong qud trinh day hpc, GV phdi hieu kT dd'i tupng hpc tap Mdn Nbifng nguyen li ca bdn cua chu nghTa Mde - Linin dupe lyo chpn ' TtMng THPT thirc nghibm - Vifn Khoa kfc giio dK Viet D M D Tap chi Giao due $6 0 (ki a • la/aoia) myc heu cua bdi dpy Ben epnh dd, GV cd the su dyng linh hopt cdc thilt bj day hpe hien dpi de hd trp cho thdo ludn nhdm, chdng hpn: su dyng cdc phdn mem dpy hpc, khai thdc cd hieu qud hinh dnh vd chpn Ipe thdng Hn tu mpng Internet nhdm gdp phdn Idm cho budi hpe them sinh ddng, hirng thu, dot hieu qud eao Xdy dyng ddng eo vd k l hopeh hpc tap tich eye cho SV Ddng eo hpc tap ty gide, tieh cue Id y l u to gdp phdn quan trpng cho budi hpc, budi thdo ludn nhdm (TLN) thdnh edng Ddng co hpc tap CIJO SV gdm ed: sy htrng thu mpt cdch ty gide, ehu dpng vd nhirng hopt dpng ddm bdo nhiem vy, trdch nhiem cua ed nhdn dd'i vdi hpe tap Cdc y l u to tren khdng phdi Id qud trinh ty phdt, thudng true d ngudi hpc D l cd dupe cdc yiu td dd phdi h-di qua qud trinh ren luyen vd chiing hinh thdnh phdt triln tu ben mdi SV GV cdn bilt khoi dpy thu, Idng say me hpe tap de SV h/ gide ehilm iTnh tri thuc khoa hpe rdng Idn cuo nhdn lopi B§n epnh dd, GV yeu cdu SV lap ke hopeh hpc tap cho h/ng bdi, tung chuong vd thdi gian ey t h i d l hodn thdnh ede cdng viee md minh dd djnh Trong bdn ke hopeh phdi t h i hien rd cdc giai doan ey the hodn thdnh cdc edng viee Ke hopeh dd phdi dupe GV xem xet vd thdng quo Hudng ddn SV tim tdi lieu vd dpc tdi lieu D l Idy thdng tin Kr tdi lieu nhanh vd chinh xde, SV phdi ren luyen thdi quen dpc sdch de cd phuong phdp dpc hieu qud nhd't Khi dpc tdi lieu, SV phdi xu li cdc thdng tin bdng viee phdn tieh, ddnh gid, tdm lupe, td'ng hpp, so sdnh ddng thdi van dyng nhirng tri thuc dd thu nhdn dupe d l gidi quylt ede vd'n de cd lien quan den bud'i hpe TLN theo ke hopeh Trong trudng hpp cd qud nhieu tdi lieu Idm cho SV khd ndm bdt vd'n de trpng tdm, edn khoonh viing vd'n de vd tap trung ddo sdu mpt vd'n de cdn Hm hiiu nhdm phdt hien ro cdi mdi cd gid trj thyc tiin N l u SV chuo rd vd'n de minh cdn Hm hiiu thi viee TLN nhd trude bud'i TLN tren Idp diin Id cdn thilt Trong thyc t l , ngudn tdi lieu rdt da dpng, phong phu nhung khdng phdi SV ndo cung cd phuong phdp dpc tdi lieu hieu qud Vi vdy, GV cdn hudng dan cho SV cdeh dpc vd thu nhdn kiln tht/c tir tdi lieu bdng ede hinh thuc nhu: gidi thieu hope cung cd'p ngudn tdi lieu cho SV, gpi y de SV dpc tim hieu thdng tin mdt cdeh trpng tdm, khuyen khich SV phdt hien nhirng dieu dpc biet h> ngudn tdi lieu dd dpc, khen thudng kjp thdi nlu SV thu nhdn thdng Hn chinh xde Cy t h i hon, GV hudng ddn SV cdch xde djnh y chinh, ghi nhd y, ldm tdt y chinh hope phdn nhdm nhd de h/ng SV Hm dpc nhirng thdng fin edn thilt, sou dd td'ng hop Ipi d l cd he thd'ng thdng Hn ddy du theo yeu cdu cua bdi hpe Hudng ddn SV edeh hpe budi thdo ludn nhu: Idng nghe, ghi chep, gdy tranh ludn, phdn hdi TLN D l SV thu nhdn dupe thdng tin, tri thuc cua bdi hpe qua ede nhdm hpe tgp thi viec ghi chep ddy du, logic, ed he thd'ng Id dilu edn thilt khdng the bd quo Vi vdy, ti> khdu chud'n bj, GV phdi hudng ddn SV chud'n bi nhung ehu de theo nhirng cd'u trOe hpp li, he thd'ng, ed tinh logic chdt che, phdi hudng ddn cho SV xde djnh ede ndi dung trpng tdm cuo vd'n de cdn Hm hiiu; ede nhdm trinh bdy phdi cd nhCrng ddu hieu dde trung d l cho ngudi nghe xde djnh dupe nhirng y chinh cua chu de cdn Idm sdng td de ghi chep mdt cdch thudn Ipi nhd't GV hudng ddn SV chudn bj cdc chO d l hpc tap phdi dua nhi/ng Hnh hudng li thu, nhirng mdu chuyen sinh ddng tO thyc t l cudc sdng cd lien quan d i n vd'n de dang thdo ludn de gdy sy chii y vd too edm gide thii cho budi hpc, tir dd SV cdc nhdm se tranh ludn, gidi quylt ede Hnh hudng md nhdm trinh bdy neu ISn, tpo cho budi hpe khdng sdi ndi, thodi mdi Tudn thu ddy du cdc budc eo bdn cuo day hpc bdng PPTLN nhu: xde djnh mye tieu thdo ludn (ve kiln thuc, kT ndng, tu tudng); xde djnh vdn de edn thdo ludn; chia nhdm glao nhiem vy, sy chudn bj cuo GV vd SV ve nhung vd'n de lien quan din budi thdo ludn; td chuc budi thdo ludn d nhirng nhdm nhd; GV kiem tra, theo ddi hudng dan qud trinh chudn bj cua SV, kip thdi hd trp SV; td chuc thdo ludn giira cdc nhdm tren Idp hpc; tdng kit, kiem tra ddnh gid cho dilm cdc nhdm Da dpng hdo hopt dpng kilm tra, ddnh gid SV Viec kilm tra, ddnh gid kit qud hpc tdp cua SV cdn sy phdi hpp ede phuong phdp, hinh thuc khde nhu: kit hpp giira ty ludn vdi frde nghiem khdeh quon, ddnh gid cd gid hpc vd ngodi gid hpe, ddnh gid chinh thuc vd khdng chinh thuc, kit hop ddnh gid cua thdy vol ddnh gid eua trd Viec ddnh gid phdi ddm bdo tinh khdeh quan, bdi ddnh gid phdi cd cdc HSu chi nhu: tinh khoa hpc li ludn vd tinh thyc tiin (Xem tiip trang 50) Tap chi Giao due $6 0 (ki a • la/aoia) 1) Dd'i vdi ngudi bgc Id HS: Cdc Hnh hudng cd sdch gido khoa nen dupe khoi thdc tdi vi hien cdc gido trinh gidng dpy TA d ede cd'p hpc deu mong tinh ung dyng giao tiep eao Ngudi dpy nen cd gpi y md d l HS tham gia vi chd't lupng HS ludn khdng ddng nhd't Tiiy vdo hodn ednh dja phuong de ed nhifng Hnh hud'ng hdp ddn mong Hnh thye t l , quo dd HS cd the thyc hdnh mdt cdeh Kr nhien vd ham mudn hpe tap dupe cdi thien rd ret 2) Dd'i vdi ngudi hgc Id SV bade ngudi dd di Idm: Trude hit, ed t h i diing cdc bdi dpc (bdi bdo) Idm cdc vi dy minh hpa vd md rdng vdn de cho Kfng de myc Kr vyng, ngif phdp, kT ndng nghe, ndi, dpc viit mdt edeh cy t h i nhung khuyen khich sy sdng tpo hope khoi thdc dupe cdch diing tir vyng, ngif phdp nhu mpt eo hpi thyc hdnh ngdn ngif eu vdi ngif lieu mdi Sou dd, diing mot vdi Hnh hud'ng Idm d l gidng dpy xuyen sud't ed mdt bdi hpe, mdi budi hpc d l u dung Hnh hud'ng ndy nhung triln khai d ede budc khde nhau, moi Hnn hud'ng Ipi yeu edu ngudi hpe su dyng vd'n tif vyng ngif phdp theo chu de - ddy Id cdcn ngudi day cung cd'p tinh lien kit cdc ndi dung cho ngudi hpe Tilp theo, Hnh hudng Idn giao cho nhdm SV gidi quylt mdt hpc ki, nnu mot gpi y Idm dieu tro khdo sdt sou dd bdo cdo theo nhdm bdng TA vdo cudi ki d l Idy dilm Ody Id cdch Idm hifu hieu vi ngudi hpe phdi tu bang TA vd viec sir dyng TA ve mdt chu dilm mdt thdi gian ddi se gdp phdn md rdng vd'n h/, ngdn ngif gdn vdi ede ngif lieu mdi dupe hpc hdng ngdy TA se dupe hpc mpt each thodi mdi vd hdp ddn hon Xay d y n g ngan hdng tinh hud'ng: Hien nay, cdc nd Iyc v i i t Hnh hud'ng de gidng dpy TA d l u d phia cd nhdn tung ngudi day Neu cd sy chuan hdo, td'ng k i t vd xdy dyng mdt co so di/ lieu chung giua nhilu ngudi dpy ciing mdt cd'p dp vd lien ngdnh giifa cdc eo sd ddo too, CO sd gido dye Ken todn qud'e thi chd't lupng vd hieu qud se dupe cdi thien rd't ddng ke Ddy Id cdng viee mang tinh vT md vd ndm Kong nd lye ddy mpnh giao luu sinh hopt chuyen mdn gii/a cdc gido vien, gidng vien, nhd nghien cuu cung chuyen ngdnh gidng day TA Clio cd nuoc - Hen de eo bdn d l xdy dyng mdt cdng ddng gidng day TA vd nghien ct/u gidng day TA chd't lupng cao ** * Hi vpng v6i cdc gpi y su dyng cung nhu cdch gidi quylt ede thdcn thirc gud trinh dp dyng thu tnuqt ndy, ngudi day se thdi mpt ludng sinh mdi vdo ngudi hpc vd nguoi hpc thdy dupe h'nh h'ch cue cua viec hpe TA, d l dpy hpc TA den gdn vdi ddi thyc hon • Tai lieu tham khao Haliday Teaching Languages in Real Situations Oxford University Press, 2008 Murcia Using Languages in Pedagogical Southern New Hampshire University Press, 2010 Pham Minh TuSn Applying Methods of Teaching Languages Sticidng with Situations NXB D(ii hpc quoc gia Hd Ndi, 2001 http://www.globaledu.coin.vn/Tliong-Tin-ChiTiet/Day-lioc-bang-tinh-huong SUMIVIARY Applying new methods in teaching English is not only necessary but it also requires teachers and learners more creatively and flexibly I briefly introduce an attractive and effective technique that is about teaching new languages sticking with real situations in spite ofctKillenges and how to face these difUcutlties Nang cao hieu qua sir dung (Tiip theo trang 44) viee gidi quylt ede Hnh hudng cudc sdng vd cdeh nhin nhdn cdc vdn d l thyc tiln ciia SV ** • Tdm Ipi, su dyng PPTLN dpy hpe mdn Nhifng nguyen li eo bdn cua ebu nghTa Mde Lenin Id edn thilt vd cd y nghTa quon trpng xu hudng doi mdi PPDH hien d nude to Moi GV cdn tudn thij nhung yeu cdu edn thilt dd neu d Ken d l hieu qud bdi day dpt kit qud td't • Tai li^u tham khao Phiing Van BO MOt s£i vSn de vi phuong phdp day hoc va ngfaiSn ciru trift hgc NXB Gido d{ic, H 2001 NguySn Ki "Phucmg phap day hpc tich circ" T?p chl Nghiin ciiu gido due, thdng 7/1993 Nguy£n Canh Toan Phinmg phdp daiy \k hpc dai hoc NXB Dgi hpc sir phpm, H 2009 SUMtt/IARY Teaching methods in universities have to ensure a positive learning of students, it need to puts students in the center of the teaching process Teaching with the the group discussion method is one of the methods can ttie tasks above If we want teaching with the the group discussion method have good results, we have to prepare to the tasks since we received it Both of teachers and students have to requirements such as: select content knowledge to apply the mettiod: sun/ey the object of learning; combine with ottier teaching methods: reading and search for documents It Is necessary requirements when we apply the group discussion method In teaching Tap chi Glao due s6 0 iki a • la/aoia) ... tap cho h/ng bdi, tung chuong vd thdi gian ey t h i d l hodn thdnh ede cdng viee md minh dd djnh Trong bdn ke hopeh phdi t h i hien rd cdc giai doan ey the hodn thdnh cdc edng viee Ke hopeh dd... tri thuc dd thu nhdn dupe d l gidi quylt ede vd''n de cd lien quan den bud''i hpe TLN theo ke hopeh Trong trudng hpp cd qud nhieu tdi lieu Idm cho SV khd ndm bdt vd''n de trpng tdm, edn khoonh viing... SV chuo rd vd''n de minh cdn Hm hiiu thi viee TLN nhd trude bud''i TLN tren Idp diin Id cdn thilt Trong thyc t l , ngudn tdi lieu rdt da dpng, phong phu nhung khdng phdi SV ndo cung cd phuong phdp