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VAN DUNG PHIfONG PHAP DAY HDC NiU VAN Oi TRONG QUA TRlNH DAY HDC DO MDN M^MM0Mf^KMMM# / /M 6 CAC TRUOTiQ DAI HOC, CAO DAHQ ThS KHUAT THI THANH V A N * 1 Ca sd li luan va thirc t i l n cua van de Phuon[.]
VAN DUNG PHIfONG PHAP DAY HDC NiU VAN Oi TRONG QUA TRlNH DAY HDC DO MDN M ^ M M M f ^ K M M M # - / / M CAC TRUOTiQ DAI HOC, CAO D A H Q ThS KHUAT THI T H A N H V A N * C a s d li luan va thirc t i l n cua van de Phuong phap day hpc neu van de (DHNVD) la each thdc giang vi§n (G V) xay dyng va dua nhung tinh hud'ng cd van de dudi dang cau hdi, tinh hud'ng, baitip cdtinh chit nghien cdu, hucffig d i n va giup dd sinh vien (SV) phat huy tinh sang tao, tinh tieh cue ca nhiin de glai quyet eac v l n de duge dat nhlm dat mue dich cudi eung la giup SV n l m dugc tri thuc mdl hoSccach thde hanh ddng mdi hp tieh cue tham gia vao quatrinh day hpc Phuongphap DHNVD lampt nhung phuang phap day hpc (PPDH) dupe nhieu ngucri danh gia la cd hi^u qua eao, nhat la qua trinh day hpc dbac cao ding, dai hpc Sddung PPDH se kich thich tinh chu dpng, tich cue, sang tao va tang eudng dp lam viee cua ea GV va SV sudt quatrinh len ldp Dae biet, viec Idi cudn va budc SV phai ludn suy nghT de tim hudng glai quyet v l n de giup cho tu eua SV phattrien, kha nhung diln datvathlhien y tudng ciia ban than S V tn/dc tap thecung dugc ren luyen tdt hcffi.Chinhvivay,trong quatrinh do'imdiPPDH theo hudng tich cue nhlm phat huy tinh tieh cue, chu dong sang tao cua ngudi hpc hien nay, phuong phap DHNVD ngaycangdugcsudung nhieu han Mdn hpe NhUng nguyen li cabin cua ehunghTa Mac - Linin la mot nhdng mdn khoa hpc ca ban duge giang day d nhung nam dau cua bae dai hpc, cao dang Mue dich eua mdn hpc la trang bj cho SV thegidi quan va phuong phap luan khoa hpc nhlm nSng eao hieu qua eua hoat dpng nhan thdc qua trinh hpc tap va thuc tiln cupc sdng cua SV Do dd, mdn hpc khdng chi ddi hdl dam bao tinh li luan m^ cdn dat yeu c l u rat Idn ve tinh thuc tiln Tuy nhien, day lai la mot mdn hpc nang vejl luan, nhieu cac kien thdctniru tugng khithuc tiln lai vd cung phong phu Chinh vi vay, qua trinh day hpc, n i u G V khdng kheo !6o g i n nhung tri thdc khoa hpc cua mdn hpc vdi thuc tlin, luan glai nhCmg van d l thuc tien dang dat thi bai hpc se trd nen khd khan, cdng nhic, giao dieu, khd tiep thu Nhdng dae diem neu tren ddi hoi GV day hgc phai ed nang luc su pham, ed trinh dp chuyen mdn cao, dae biet phai biet van dyng sang tao nhdng PPDH de phat huy tinh tieh cue nhan thdc cua SV DHNVD la mpt nhdng phuang hudng co ban dap ung yeu cau tren Cac giaidoan thuc hien k h i s u dung phuang phap DHNVD day hpc Nhung nguyen l i c o bancua chu nghTa Mac - Lenin 1) Xay dt/ng tinh hud'ng cd van de.Qe cd dugc tinh hud'ng cd van de, trude het GV can phan tieh eau true npi dung bai giang, xae djnh ro tdng don vj kien thue, s i p xep ehung theo nhdng trinh tu nhat dinh, Giai doan nay, GV neu van de nghien cdu va dua SV vao tinh hudng cd van de deSV n l m b i t tinh hudng ed van d l , d i n dan y thdc dugc nhung mau thuin can glai quyet tddd S V y tide dupe nhdng nhiem vy can thuc hien dudi su to chuc va hudng dan cuaGV 2) Lap kehoach giaiquyet van de SV thu thap thdng tin lien quan de van de, su dung nhung tri thdc khoa hpe da biet de tung budc neu len gia thuyet nghien cdu, neu cac nhiem vu phal thuc hien de chdng minh gia thuyet, de each thdc va ke hoach thuc hien cy the: Phai lam cai gi? Ai lam?., 3) Thuc hien kehoach da dera degiai quyet ran rfeCf giaidoan nay, SV sechu dpng,tugiae thuc hien ke hoach cua minh dudi sutheo ddi, chi dan va uan n i n cuaGV 4) Kiem tra, danh gia viec giai quyM van de nghien cuu SV bao cao, trinh bay ket qua nghien euu G V danh gia mot each khach quan k^qua nghien * Hoc fjfn Bao chi va Tuyin huyen Tap chi Gido due so 311 (ki 1-6/2013)- 43 cdu cua SV, GV dua dap an hoan chinh lam tieu chuai danh gia ketqua, san pham nghien cdu cua SV Giai doan kiem tra danh gia ed y nghTa rat quan trpng: thdng qua dd ma G V n l m bat duge lugng kien thdc SV linh hdi dugc d muc dp nao de tddd bdsung, hoan thien kien thdc cho SV dong thdi cd dupe gial phap thich hgp nham nang eao chat lugng eua qua trinh giang day mdn hpc, Cac hinh thuc ca ban can thuc hien su dung phuang phap neu van de day hpc Nhung nguyen licff ban cua chu nghia Mac-Lenin 1) Hinh thuc dat cau hoi Tinh hudng cd van de dudi dang cau hdi cdthe dugc sudung dphan dat van de bat dau vao mpt ehuong, mot bai hay mpt phan nao dd hoae dung de chuyen tiep tu phan sang phan khae, Hinh thdc GV ehi can neu van de roi hoi SV cd each nao de gial quyet van de Sau dd, GV neu each giai quyet van de Hinh thdc dat cau hdi thudng dugc su dyng phd' bien nhlm tang su chu y eua SV vao nghien cdu ndi dung bai giang, mang lai hieu qua eao 2) Hinh tht/c chuan bi tinh hud'ng cho trudc deSVnghien cuu GV dua tinh hud'ng cdvan de va yeu cau SV tra Icri, SV dua phuang an tra Idl Hinh thue thucriig dugc sddung ket thuc mdt don vi kien ttiuc nhat djnh de lien he mpt each he thdng va khai quat nhung tri thdc ma SV da dupc nghien cdu nhu mot chuang, bai, phln 3) Hinh thuc hudng din SV nghien cuu lahinh thdccaonhatvakhdnhattrong DHNVD.Trong hinh thde nay, GV se dua SV vao mpt tinh hudng cd tinh thue tien, eu the va yeu eau SV glal quyet SV sddung nhdng tri thdc de tim va di den each giai quyet van de dung Hinh thdc cdn gpi la hinh thdc ddng vai Van dung phuang phap DHNVD vao chuang VIII: Nhung van de chinh trj-xahgi CO tinh quy luat tien trinh each mang xa hoi chu nghla, Muc III-2, b: Van de ton giao tien trinh xay dung chu nghTa xa hpi (ttiue hien qua cac gial doan) 1) Xay dung tinh huong co van de Trong phan dan vj kien thde trpng tam la phai lam rd dupc viec tdn giao van cdn ton tai tien trinh xay dung chu nghla xa hpi nhu mpt tat yeu khach quan bing each giup SV thay rd dugc n h i ^ g nguyen nhan khien cho tdn giao ton tai tien trinh nay, GV neu tinh hudng cd van de: Ton giao la mdt hinh thai y thdc xa hpi ddi td rat sdm, ma nguyen 44 Tap chi Gido due so 311 nhan la suphat trie'n thap kem cua luc lugng san xuat, su ngheo nan ve kinh te, bat luc cua ngud' trudc nhdng sdcmanh tunhien va xahoi Tuy nhidn, trai qua qua trinh phat trien rat lau dai, xahoi loai ngudi da phat trien qua nhieu hinh thai kinh te - xa hdl va dang thdi dai qua dp len ehu nghTa xa hdi, trinh cua ngudi, cua luc lugng san xult da khdng cdnthap kem nhutn/dc kia.Thenhung tdngiaokhdng nhung khong mat di ma edn cd xu hudng phat trien sdi dpng han nhdng nam gan day, Theo anh (chi) tai ton giao lai van ton tai va phattrien tien trinh xay dung chu nghTa xa hpi? 2) Lap ke hoach giai quyet tinh hud'ng co van de SV dua tren kien thdc ve nguon gde ddi va ton tai cua tdn giao, neu nhdng gia thuyet de gial quyet mau thuin dang dat Dy kien nhiem vy SV se phal lam la tim hieu va li giai xem nhung nguyen nhan ton tai tdn giao tien trinh xay dung ehu nghTa xa hdi la nhung nguyen nhan nao T d d d d e each thuc degiai quyet la chia eac nhdm cung thao luan, mdl nhdm phu trach mpt npi dung 3) Thuc hien kehoach da dera degiai quyet van de GV to chdc cho SV thao luan tren Idp, SV trao dd'i va dua cae y kien cua minh tn/dc Idp G V theo doi va ggi y de S V dua cae y kien Trong ti§'n trinh xay dung chu nghTa xa tdn giao v l n cdn ton tai la do: - Han ehe nhan thdc cua ngudi; - Tdn tai nhieu phln kinh te; - Tdn giao la mot yeu to thuoc kien true thupng ting - y thdc xa hpi CO tinh chat ben vung nhat; - Mat tich cue eua tdn giao phu hgp vdi muc tieu cua chu nghTa xa hpi; -Tdn giao dap dng nhu cau tin ngudng, sinh hoatvan hda cua mpt bp phan nhan dan Tren co sd dd, GV g d y de cac nhdm SV thao luan: Tai nhimg yeu tdtren lai lam cho ton giao ton tai tien trinh xay dung chu nghTa xa hpi? Cac nhdm SV tiep tuc thao luan va chdng minh gia thuyet b i n g cac d i n chdng eu the thue tiin cupc sdng: - Trong thuc tiin nhieu cac hien tugng tu nhien, xa hdi ma khoa hgc chua glai thieh dugc, ngudi chua the nhan thdc va che ngu dugc nen hp edn tin va dl tim each li giai tdcac lue lugng sieu nhien; - Nhdng bat binh d i n g ve kinh te, mdc song, thu nhap giua cac nhdm dan eu cung nhdng may nji, ngau nhien nen kinh te -(kil- 6/2013) thi tn/dng dua ngudi tim den eac luc lugng sieu nhien de cau xin s u che chd; - Ton giao ddi sdm vatdn tai lau ddi lich su, trdthanh niem tin, tdi sdng, phong tue tap quan, tinh cam eua ddng dao quan ehung nen nd chua the mat dl nhanh chdng cung vdi nhdng CO s d kinh te, chinh trj - xa hpi da sinh no dugc; - Trong cac nguyen t i c , giao li cua tdn giao cd chda nhung gia trj dao ddc van hda phu hgp vdi chu nghTa xa hdi, phu hgp vdi chu truang dudng Idi, chinh sach cua Nha nudc xa hdi chu nghTa; - Nhiing sinh hoat tdn giao da dap dng dugc mot mdc dp nhat dinh nhu cau van hda tinh than va tinh cam cua cpng dong xa hgi nhu giao luu, trao dd'i kinh nghiem, gui g i m niem tin Td do, GV hudng d i n SV khai quat lai nhung nguyen nhan lam cho tdn giao tdn tai tien trinh xay dyng chu nghTa xa hpi GV tiep tuc dat cau hdl va ggi y SV tra Idi: Vdi nhung nguyen nhan ton tai tdn giao tien trinh xay dung chu nghTa xa hpi nhu vay, giai quyet nhung anh hudng tieu cue, nhdng van de cua tdn giao chupgta caned thai dp.quan die'm nhuthenao? (Khdng dugc non ndng, khic phuc nhdng anh hudng tieu cue eua tdn giao c i n phal gan lien vdl qua trinh cai tEioxahpicu,xaydungxahdlmdi;-Ton trgng va dam bao quyen tudo tdn giao va khdng tdn giao cua nhan dan; - Thue hien doan ket giua nhung ngudi theo va khdng theo tdn giao; - Can cd quan die'm ljch sd ey thikhl glal quyet van de tdn giao; - Can phan biet mat tu tudng va m3t ehinh trj tdn giao va eae hoat dpng tdn giao) 4) Kiem tra, danh gia viec giai quyet van de nghien cuu GV nhan xetva chdt lai nhung nguyen nhan de tdn giao tiep tyc ton tai tien trinh xay dung chu nghTa xa hdi la: + Nguyen nhan nhan thuc; + Nguyen nhan kinh te; + Nguyen nhan tam li; + Nguyfin nhSn chinh tri - xa hpi; + Nguyen nhan van hda, Sau do, G V cd the tiep tuc neu mptvan de mdlde chuye'n sang npi dung tiep theo eua bai hpe U TM li^u t h a m khdo Nguyfin Van Cu (chiJ bifin) Gido trinh Phinmg phdp day - hQC chu nghia xa hdi khoa hoc NXB Dgi hpc su phgm, H 2007 Dd Ngpc D^t Tifp c$n hi^n dai h o a t d $ n g day hpc NXB Dgi hpc qud'c gia, H 1997 D^ng Thfinh Hung Day hpc hi^n dai - Lf luftn, bi^n phdp, kl thu^t NXB Dgi hgc qude gia, H 2002 (ki 1-6/2013)- Dang VQ Hoat (chu bien), Li luan day hoc dai hoc NXB Dgi hpc suphgm, H 2009 Tran Thj Tuy^l Oanh (chu bifin) Giao due hoc hien dai NXB Dai hpc suphgm, H 2004 Trftn Thj Tuy^t Oanh (chu bien) Giao trinh Giao d u e hpc tap i NXB £)oi7zocs^i/p/iam H.2012 Thai Duy Tuyen Nhihig van de cff ban cua giao due hpc hien dai NXB Gido due, H 1998 In the renewal process of teaching method based on the acUveness of learner - centered Approach the strategy ofquesUon raising has been considered on of the most effecUve teaching methods, especially at tertiary education livel/higher education This method has been widely applied in a variety of subjects In this paper, the authorwould like to present the research process and the foldings of the so-called active teaching method in limitaUon of the subject "The major principles of Marxism", Chirong trinh va phirong phap (Tiep theo trang 40) Ki y^u Truing D^i hpc su pham kl lhu?l[ TP, H6 Chi Minh, 2012 Campus Compact President's Declaration on Civic Responsibitily of Higher Education, 2007 Edward F C - Johan M - SOren - Doris R B Rethinking Engineering Education - The C D I O Approach Springer Science-i-Business Media, p 286, 2007 Gibbs G I m p r o v i n g the Quality of Student Learning TES Bristol England, 1992 www.compacl.org/resources/declaration SUMMARY Vietnam Is in the process ofintegraUon and the transiUon to a knowledge economy, the role of universities as engines for economic growth becomes more important than ever One of the major challenges that universities are facing is how to train students to acquire the knowledge, skills atUtudes and expertise in order to meet the pracUcal requirements in the direction access to intemaUonal society and businesses is expected Studies on the quality of training is done by the local educational agency and the international educational organizations that improve the quality ofeducation in Vietnam in the current period is a need for implementaUon There are many condiUons and methodology; may be applied to meet this need for improvement University of technical education Ho Chi Minh City to improve programs and teaching methods to train teachers In the CDIO approach Tap chi Gido due so 311 45 ... nghien cdu nhu mot chuang, bai, phln 3) Hinh thuc hudng din SV nghien cuu lahinh thdccaonhatvakhdnhattrong DHNVD .Trong hinh thde nay, GV se dua SV vao mpt tinh hudng cd tinh thue tien, eu the va... can thuc hien su dung phuang phap neu van de day hpc Nhung nguyen licff ban cua chu nghia Mac-Lenin 1) Hinh thuc dat cau hoi Tinh hudng cd van de dudi dang cau hdi cdthe dugc sudung dphan dat... trinh xay dung chu nghTa xa hpi (ttiue hien qua cac gial doan) 1) Xay dung tinh huong co van de Trong phan dan vj kien thde trpng tam la phai lam rd dupc viec tdn giao van cdn ton tai tien trinh