LS Tbj Quynh Trang Tgp cbf KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 133(03)/1 155 159 PHlTOfNG PHAP THAO LUAN NHOM TRONG Di^V HOC CAC MON K V THUAT CONG NGHIfiP Lf Thi Quj''''nh Trang* Trudmg Dgi hoc Ky thugl Cong nghiip DH[.]
LS Tbj Quynh Trang Tgp cbf KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 133(03)/1: 155-159 PHlTOfNG PHAP T H A O LUAN N H O M TRONG Di^V H O C CAC M O N K V THUAT CONG NGHIfiP Lf Thi Quj'nh Trang* Trudmg Dgi hoc Ky thugl Cong nghiip - DH Thdi N TOM TAT Thao lu^in nhdm li phuong phip dgy hpc frong dd giio vi^n td chiic vi dilu khiln quafrinhday hpc, ldp hpc dugc chia thinh cic nhom nho dl tat ca cic thinh vien frong Idp diu dugc lim vifc, thio lugn ve mpt chii de cu thS vi dua y kiln chung ciia nhdm minh vl vin dl Myc dfch cua phuang phip niy li ting tdi da ccr hpi de cic thinh vien dugc lim vifc vi thi hifn ning cua minh; phit huy tinh thin hieu bilt, hgp tic, thi dua va doin kit giOa cic thinh vi6n frong ldp Trong thyc tien day hgc, vifc td chirc day hoc theo phuong phip cdn gap khd khin bdi sire y ciia sinh vi£n Bii viet nay, sS dua cich thiic day hpc vi nhiing chu y td chirc lim vifc vi thio lugn theo nhdmfrongdgy hpc cic mdn kj! thugt cdng nghiep nhim phit huy tfnh tfeh cyc cua ngudi hpc Tir khoi: Hpcnhom, Phuongphdp, Phucmg phdp hpc, Thdo ludn nhom, Ndnglucluhgc DAT VAN DE Thyc te day hpc cho thay: frong mgt ldp hgc CO nhiing sinh vien ndi qua nhieu, ngugc Iai mpt so sinh vien khac lgi rat ft hoac khdng ndi mpt cau nao; mgt sd sinh vien hpc tap xuat sic, thdng minh, nhanh trf, ngugc lai cd nhOtig sinh vien tiep thu rat cham; m^t sd sinh vien rit bgo dgn frong luc nhilu em khac lai nhiit nhat,, Vi vay, phuang phap thao lugn nhdm ddi, pd cho phep cac vien chia se suy nghT, bin khoan, kinh nghifm, hieu biet cua ban thSn, cimg xay nhgn thiic, thai dp mdi frong mpt mdi trudng than thifn, gin giai va hgp tac Cd the hilu, phuang phap thao lugn nhdm la phuang phap day hpc frong giao vien td chuc va difu khien qua frinh day hpc, ldp bpc dugc chia cac nhdm nhd (nglu nhien ho§c cd chu dinh), dupc fri dn dinh ca tiet dgy hay thay ddi tirng hogt dpng, timg phin ciia tilt hpc, dugc giao cimg mdt nhiem vy hay nhieu nhifm vy khac nhau, thyc hien ciing mpt thdi gian nhat dinh de dgt dugc hieu qud nhit djnhfl] Nbdm d day dugc dac trtmg bdi ba yeu td la sd ngudi nhdm, nhifm vy ciia nhdm va phan lihg tuong hd ciia cac ca nhSn frong nhdm VAl NET VE PHU'ONG PHAP THAO LUAN NHOM Lam vifc va thao luan theo nhdm tgo ca hgi cho sinh vien dugc tu dat cSu hdi, thao luan, trinh bay quan dilm, va thyc hifn hpc hgp tac Ve phuang dien tam ly hpc, thao lugn theo nhdm giiia cac vien thudng dien cac hifn tugng: Cd sg tuang tac mat ddi m§t giira cac vien; cd su phu thu$c lan mdt each tfeh cue; frach nhiem giai thich van de thugc ve timg ca nhan nhdm; va hinh thanb ky nang bgp tac nhdm va ky ning xii Iy tinh huong nhdm U'u diem ndi trgi ciia phucmg phap thao luan nhdm so vdi phuang phap thao lugn khac la tgo nhieu co hdi cho giao vien cd thdng tin phan hoi ve ngudi hgc Bdi thao lugn nhdm, mgi vien deu dugc phat bieu vdi thai dp tu tin va cd ghi chep Iai Mat khac, giao vien cd the thu dugc fri tbirc va kinh nghiem tir phfa sinh'vien,'qua cdc phat bieu cd suy nghT va sang tao ciia hg Tuy nhien, hifu qua hgc tgp ciia nhdm phu thugc rat nbieu vao tinb thin tham gia cua cac vien frong nhdm Nfu nhdm thao lugn chi cd mgt vai ngudi ta chu nhan edn cac vien khac ta' khach ngdi righe, d& mSc cho ngudi khac din d&t va quylt djnh, hgc theo nhdm frd sy d^c difn ca nhan ' Tei 0982 310379 Email: lquynhlrang@lnut.edu 155 Le Thi Quynh Trang Tgp chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Do dd, sue y tu sinh vien chinh la frd nggi tdn nhat viec van dung phuang phap Se khdng the nao dua mgt dieu gi do, va mong mudn ngudi khac lam theo neu nhu ban than hg khdng sin sang ddn nhan Bdi vay, qua trinh day hpc viec td chirc thao tuan nhdm mgt each khoa hgc se tang cucmg tinh tich cue chu dpng cua ngudi hpc, giup ngirdi hoc tgp trung vao bai bgc, phat trien dupc cac ky nang tu va dc phe phan, cac Iq? nang giao tiep va xa hdi quan trpng khac PHU'ONG PHAP THAO LUAN NHOM TRONG DAY HQC CAC MON KY THUAT CONG NGHIEP Mgt frong nhiing die dilm Idn nhit cua hogt ddng day - hpc d dgi hpc mang tinh nghien Cliu khoa hgc, nghTa la ket hgp giiia hogt dgng hgc vdi hoat ddng n^ien ciiu khoa hpc Vi vay, de dap iing dugc yeu cau ciia xa hpi hifn nay, muc tieu cua nganh giao dye la phat frien toan difn tuc la phat trien ca ve pham chat va nang luc: Dao tao nhiing ngudi cd dgo diic, tuong tam nghf nghiep, y thuc ky lugt, tac phong cdng nghifp, cd sire khoe thi ngudi hgc phai tich cue, chu dpng De phat trien nang tyc ciia ngudi hpc, hpc theo phuong phap thao tuan nhdm la mdt phucmg phap dgy hpc mang Igi hifu qua cao Pbuong phap thao tuan nhdm, cd the thuc hien bang nhirng each sau: Cdch thur nhat: Ngang Theo each nay, kbi td chiic thuc hien mgt npi dung hgc tap, ngudi nhdm trudng se lap de cuong, sau dd cac vien "nban" timg phin, chang hgn chuang 1, chuang Sau dd tdng hgp lai, ghep cac phan da lam vao bai tgp hoan chinh cua nhdm Vi du: Sau hgc xong ly thuylt phan "Phan img cua mach R-L-C ndi tiep vdi kich thich hinh sin" va-'Tban ung ciia mgch R-L-C ndi song song vdi kich thich hinh sin" '^^ (thupc hgc phan Co sd ly thuyet mach dien 1) giao vien chia Idp cac nhdm (tir - sinb vien) va giao cho cac nhdm sinh vien 156 !33(03)/i:!55-!59 thyc hien "Kilm chumg dinh lugt Kiecrkhop I va djnb lugt Kiecrkhop 2" qua thi nghifm Cac nhdm se thuc hifn nhu sau: Nhdm frudng se chia nhdm hai td, moi td thyc hifn nghien ciiu mgt ngi dung - Td 1: Nghien ciiu thao lugn npi dung "Phan ling ciia mgch R-L-C ndi tilp vdi ki'ch thich hinh sin, kilm chiing djnh luat Kiecrkhop 2" Budc tbii nhat, nghien cuoi ca sd ly thuyet ta djnb luat Kiecrkhop va phuang trinh vift cho mach R-L-C ndi tilp, khao sat dd thi vec to va dua cac bieu thirc tinh cdc thdng so cua nhanh nhu la Dien dp tdng nhanh, Tdng frd cua nhdnh (z), Gdc Ifch pha (9) giira difn dp tdng va ddng dien; sau se lgp ke hoach thf nghiem va thuc hifn cac thao tac thf nghiem de lay cdc sd lieu Sau cd dugc cac sd lieu se van dung cdng thii'c da cd frong phin ly thuylt tinh todn cac thdng sd ciia nhanh va dua ket luan "Phan iing ciia mach R-L-C ndi tiep vdi kich thich hinh sin, kiem chiing djnb ludt Kiecrkhop 2" - Td 2: Nghien ciiu thao tuan ndi dung "Phan ling ciia mach R-L-C song song vdi kich thicli hinh sin, kiem chung djnh luat Kiecrkhop Cdch thiic thuc hifn gidng nbu to I da tam U'u, nhugc diem ciia cdch lam la: Vu diim: Cdc vien frong nhdm thich vi "lam it", khdng mat cdng tap hgp Tdn it cdng siic - Phdt huy nhieu kha ndng tu vien Mdi vien dfu dugc ren kha nang tim tai lifu, xir ly, vift bai Nhugc diim: - Lam hdng kiln thuc cua sinh vien, tham gia lam phin 1, se khdng biet gi ve [Aan 2,3 - Thilu thdng tin tir cdc phan khde, kha nang chdng cheo len la rat cao Cdch thu hai: Dpc Theo each nay, nhdm trudng se phai biet nang luc, thf mgnh cua cdc vien nhdm df phan cdng cdng vifc mgt cdch hgp Lf Thi Quynh Trang Tgp chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE ly Kbi thyc hifn mdt ndi dung hgc tap, dua vdo nang tuc cua mdi cd nhan frong nhdm, nhdm frudng se phan chia cdng vifc theo cdch: - Ai vift de cuang? Lam bang phan cdng cdng vifc Thudng thi nhdm trudng se tam cdng viec - Ai tim tai lifu? - Aixutytai tifu? - Ai viet bai? - Ai phdn bifn tgi bai viit, tai tifu ciia nhdm? - Ai chuin bi cdu hdi, phan bien nhdm kbdc? - Aithuky? Vi du: Khi dgy ngi dung: "Thi nghiem khdng tdi cua mdy biin dp "'^' (thupc hgc phdn Mdy dien) di xdc djnh hi sd biin dp k, ton hao sdt tie vd cdc tham sd ciia mdy bien dp d chi dd khdng tdi, gido viin chia ldp hpc thdnh cdc nhom tir 5-7 sinh viin vd giao cho cdc nhdm thuc hiin Neu th^rc hiin theo cdch dpc, thi nhdm trudng se phdn cdng nhiim vu cho cdc thdnh vien nhdm Sau nhdm nhdm trudng lap di cuang cho ngi dung hgc tap Thi_ nghiim khong tdi cua mdy biin dp, vd thdng qua nhdm gdm nhung vdn di ca bdn sau: - Phuang trinh vd sa thay thi cua mdy bien dp khdng tdi - Cdc dgc diim ciia chi dp khdng tdi Tiip theo, sinh viin dirge phdn cdng viet npi dung thi nghiim khdng tdi ciia mdy biin dp se trinh bdy Cu thi, dua dugc sa thi nghiem khdng tdi, gidi thich dugc nhiim vu cita cdc dung cu tren sa dd, dua cdc cdng thuc di tinh todn cdc tham sd Sau ngudi co nhiim vuphdn bi?n ndi dung bdi viet vd tdi li^u ciia nhdm se thuc hiin di hoan thiin npi dung thdo ludn Cudi cimg ngudi chudn bi cau hdi phan bien nhdm khac se trinh bay npi dung cac cau hdi cho ca nhdm gdp y Toan bg npi dung qua frinh thao tuan dugc thu ky cua nhdm ghi lai va nop lai cho giao vien 133(03)/!: 155-159 Vdi cdch lam thir hai ndy cd uu, nhugc diem sau; Ifu diem: - Mdi vien frong nhdm deu nam rd chii dethao tuan - Phdt huy dugc the manb ciia mdi thdnh vien nhdm Ren luyfn them mgt sd kj^ nang mem nhu: Xay dung ke hogch nhdm, phan cdng cdng viec Nhuac diim; - Ddi hdi cao nang tuc ciia mdi thanh vifn frong nhdm - Can nang Igc quan ty cua nhdm trudng, neu khdng nhdm trudng se khdng dieu khien dugc nhdm hoan nhifm vu hpc tap Cach thir ba: Tat cd Tbeo each nay, lam vifc nhdm nhtmg cdc vifn frong nbdm deu phdi hoan va nop ket qua nghien ciru vf ndi dung hgc tap dugc giao Vi dit: CUng v&i ndi dung day hoc "Thi nghiim khdng tdi cua mdy bien dp"'''' (thugc hgc phdn Mdy diin) di xdc dfnh hi so bien dp k, ton hao sal lir vd cdc tham so cita mdy biin dp d chi dp khdng tdi thi each tbiic thuc hifn tbao iuan gidng nhu cdch thii hai Nhung khac la cudi cimg tat cd cdc vien nhdm deu phai bdo cdo ndi dung ciia Thi nghifm khdng tai may biln dp Ifu diim: - Cac vien nhdm biet dugc hit kien thirc cua npi dung hgc tap - Su dung tdi da thdi gian ciia mpi vien nhdm Nhugc diem: Mat nhieu thdi gian, cdng sire va de gay tinh trang chep bai cua Tren day la cdch td chuc lam viec theo phuang phdp thao luan nhdm, nhien khdng cd mgt each lam vifc nao cd djnh, ket hgp de tgo nen su phit hgp cho mdi mdn hpc, mdi df tai la su cin thiet df cd hifu qua cao nhdt 157 Le Thi Quynh Trang Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE Mgt so chii y to churc lam viec va thao luan theo nhom Df hogt ddng va thao luan theo nbdm cd hifu qud, ngoai nam virng ky thugt chung cua viec td chuc va dieu khien hoc vien thao luan fren Idp, giao vien can luu y nhiing diem sau: Chia npi dung tbanh nhiing van de nhd cd lifn kft vdi Mdi van de nbd dugc coi la mdt lifu hay mgt chu df thao lugn Dam bao cho cac nhdm biet trudc muc dich, ngi dung ciia tbao luan va dugc chuan b| day dil cac dieu kien can thiet (tai lifu, giay cdc cd, but cac loai va phucmg tifn hpc tap khde) Mdi nhdm phdi cd mdt nhdm trudng difu khien va fri boat ddng cua nhdm va mdt thu ky ghi chep ddy du cdc phat bieu frong thao lugn Cd the giao nhiem vy cho time ca nhan tam viec dpc lap nhdm, sau dd ca nhdm danh gid va bd sung Cung cd the giao nhiem vy chung cho ca nhdm Tuy nhien, tai mdt thdi diem, mdi nhdm chi giao thdo lugn mot chii de (mpt nhifm vu ) 5: Tgi rndt thdi diem cd the giao cho nhifu nhdm thao Iu|n mgt chu de Ket thuc chii df tai thao tuan tifp chu de khac (phdt trien bai hpc theo chieu dgc) Cung cd the giao cho mdi nhdm mdt chii de Su lien ket cac nhdm tgo su thdng nhat \ e ket qua chung ciia bai day (phdt frien bai bpc theo chieu ngang) Ca hai hudng deu cd diem mgnh va diem ban che nhat dinh Vi \ay, tiiy theo muc tieu va ndi dung cua bai day ma su dyng cho phu hgp hogc cd the ket hgp hai each frfn Trong mdi chii df lam \ iec hay thdo luan, nfn thuc hifn theo mdt quy frinh chung ciia thao luan (xac dinh van de can thao ludn; xay dyng gid thuyet; tim kiem cac tuan cii, luan chung de chiing minh (bdc bd) gid thuylt; danh gid va thdng nhat cdc giai phdp) Cdc sdn pham hogt dgng ciia ca nhan hay cua cd nhdm cd the dugc the hifn fren cac van 158 !33(03)/l: 155-159 ban, bdng tu lifu, bieu dd, ban thiet ke hoac cdc logi md hinh Cac sdn pham phai dugc gidi thieu va trinh bay trudc cdc nhdm hoac frude cac nhdm khac frong Idp, phai d i ^ binh xet va ddnh gia y kiln ciia ngudi khac, tlie la phai dam bdo su tdn trpng va binh ding giiia cdc vifn nhdm hoac giiia cac nbdm thdo tuan Ddm bdo yeu td canh tranh va thi dua giiia cdc nhdm, Cdc hinh thiic cd vu, dgng vien, tgo khdng thi dua va canh franh cd thf la phdn thudng, tdi khen, cdc danh hifu Giao vifn khdng nen tiet kifm ldi khen ddi vdi cdc cdng, tien bp ciia cdc cd nhan va ciia cd nhdm Ddm bao yeu td thdng tin phdn hdi tu cdc nhdm Bien phap thdng thudng la kifm tra xem thu ky nbdm ghi chep dugc nhiing gi? Hdi cdc vifn cd hifu van df thdo tuan khdng? Cd thac mac gi khdng? Dieu can luu y la thai dp than thien, gan gui va cdi md cua gido vien di kiem fra cdc nhdm cd anh hudng rat Idn tdi boat ddng ciia nhdm va lugng thdng tin phan hdi 10 Bat ky cudc thdo luan nao cung phdi cd ket tuan Gido vien can cd tbdi gian ghi chep, ddnh gia su tien bd ciia cdc nbdm, tdm tat y tudng cua cac nhdm, thuc hien vai trd trpng tai hogc ngudi hudng dgo cho cac nhdm tilp tyc hoan thifn hoac phdt triln y tudng cua minh KET LUAN Trong xu the phdt frien ciia day hpc hifn nay, nang tuc tu hgc ddng vai trd quan ddi vdi ngudi bgc va chat tugng day hpc Ngudi thay vdi tu cdch la ngudi difu khifn, td chiic qud trinh dgy hgc qua dd frang bi cho sinh vien be tbdng tri thuc, kJ nang ca bdn Bai vift trfn day da dua each thuc thuc hifn va nhung chu y td chiic phuang phdp thao tuan nhdm day hgc cdc mdn ky thuat cdng nghifp, nham giup ngudi dpc cd thf so dung phuang phap de dang va hifu qua .' Ll Thi Quynh Trang Tap chl KHOA HpC & CONG NGHE TAI LIEU THAM KHAO , „ „,, _ , , ' „ „ „ „, , , hD,r,mgn«cTy(,2006),Phinyngphdpdayh(,cKy (/iU{i/cd«g/ig/H"e/?,NxbDaihpcQudcgfaHiN9i Ding van Dio, Le Van Doanh (1997), Ky thudl rf/p/i, Nxb Khoa hpc vi Ky thuit 133(03)/1: 155 - 159 ^- ^ " ^'^ ^^^ (*=hu biln), Phan Tij Thu, Tr^ Khanh Ha, Nguyin Van Sau (2012), Mdy ^,j„,Nxb Khoa hpcva KJ thujt Thai Duy Tuyen (2003), Dgy tir hpc cho sinh "'f" '^""^ '^'^^ "^^ "'^^S Cao ddng Dgi hgc chuyen nghiep, Chuyen de Phucmg phip day hoc cho hpc vien Cao hgc, Dgi hpc Hul SUMMARY METHOD OF GROUP DISCUSSION IN THE TEACHING OF TECHNOLOGICAL SUBJECTS Le Thi Quynh Trang' College of Technology - TNU Group discussion is a method of teaching in which the teacher organizes and confrols the teaching process In'this method, the class is divided into small groups so that every single member ofthe class confributes to the work through discussing about a particular topic to come up with common ideas ofthe group The purpose of this approach is to maximize opportunities for every member to join the work and show their abilities; and to promote the understanding, cooperation, competition and solidarity among members ofthe class In fact, organizing the teaching process in this way faces quite many difficulities due to the sUident's inactivenesss In this paper, the author present ways of teaching and the things need to consider in the organization of work and group discussion in the teaching of technologycal subjects to promote positive learning of smdents in the leaching process Key words: Method, Teaching method Teaching process Group discussion Positively Ngdy nhdn bdi:10/l 1/2014: Ngdy phdn bien:25/l 1/2014; Ngdy duyel ddng: 03/4/2015 Phdn biin khoa hoc: TS Do Thi Tdm - Trudng Dgi hpc Ky thugt Cong nghiip - DHTN Tel 0982 310379 Email lquynhlrang@inut edu v ... tu va dc phe phan, cac Iq? nang giao tiep va xa hdi quan trpng khac PHU''ONG PHAP THAO LUAN NHOM TRONG DAY HQC CAC MON KY THUAT CONG NGHIEP Mgt frong nhiing die dilm Idn nhit cua hogt ddng day... theo muc tieu va ndi dung cua bai day ma su dyng cho phu hgp hogc cd the ket hgp hai each frfn Trong mdi chii df lam \ iec hay thdo luan, nfn thuc hifn theo mdt quy frinh chung ciia thao luan... hogc ngudi hudng dgo cho cac nhdm tilp tyc hoan thifn hoac phdt triln y tudng cua minh KET LUAN Trong xu the phdt frien ciia day hpc hifn nay, nang tuc tu hgc ddng vai trd quan ddi vdi ngudi bgc