Q NGHlENClini NGHIEN COU NANG LUC SANG TAO CUA SINH VIEN SUPHAM NGANH GIAO DUC TIEU HOC I Dd tv lnd l Thdi dai kinh t l tri thdc toan edu hoa, hdi nhdp qudc t l , klo theo sd chuyin dong, ddi thay dan[.]
Q NGHlENClini- NGHIEN COU NANG LUC SANG TAO CUA SINH VIEN SUPHAM NGANH GIAO DUC TIEU HOC TS.NGUYiNTH!LlgN Trutog Bal hpc Su pham Hi Nfil nguydn tdc phit hpp vdi die dilm eda ddi tupng ngUdi hoc, I.Ddtvlndl Thdi dai kinh t l tri thdc toan edu hoa, hdi nhdp qudc DH theo phUdng phip ed thl, t l , klo theo sd chuyin dong, ddi thay dang ke tim If eon Lao ddng eda nghi DH la loai lao ddng die biet b6i ngudi, nhat Id ndng ldc (NL) thich nghi vd sang tao [1] Vi doi tupng Id ngddi - nhCTng nhdn cich dang hinh v|y, cde nddc phdt trien deu tien hinh do! mdi hay cii cich va phit triln VI t h l , ngddi d^y phii Ida ehpn, gia cong 1^1 gido due (GD), tang cUdng toan diln cho nln GD qudc ddn, nhung tdc ddng xa hdi vd tri thdc loai ngddi bing tao dpng du tidn phat triln khoa hpe nghiep vu sU pham phue vu dio sU pham cda minh nh^m hinh thdnh ngudi dip i^g ygu tao (DT) giio vien (GV) theo yeu eau cda t h l kl mdi d u eda xa hdi- Nghi DH mang tinh nghi thu^t v i sdng tao, Vai tro cila ndng ldc sang tao ddi vdi giao vien ddi hdi ngUdi day khdng ngdng tao nen sdhap dan, II thd eita mdi trUdng su pham, khdi day nhdng cim xiie tham mi nghe day hoc Ning lUc sang tao (NLST) la td hpp eic thude tinh dde doi vdi ngUdi hoc dao eda nhdn each, dd GV thdng qua hoat ddng day Sif dn thiet phdi xdy dOhg phddng phap giio hoe (DH) cda minh, tao nen nhOfng gii trj tinh than, gid trj due sir sdng tao cho sinh v i l n sU pham vdt chit ed tinh mdi, tinh khac biet ddi vdi nhu d u v i ldi fch l^ghidn edu cda cic nhi t i m If hoc da ehl ring c6 eita sd phat trien d ngddi hpe [2] Nhd NLST, GV td ^ thdc nhilu ylu td dnh hudng din sUtdl Uu hda tilm nang sing chd ddng, tfeh cdc tao nen san phim mdi nhim dip dng tao ciia ngUdI hpc Trong dd, nhln manh sd phdt triln NLST nhu d u , Ipi Ich, muc dich da dang eiia sU phat trien eon eita ngUdi hpe bj 'tic dpng" manh me bdi phddng phap ngddi va xa hdi [3] NLST d n din tU phdn ki vdi gidng day eda GV mdi trddng GD nhi trddng [9] ning dUa nhilu phUdng dn trd Idi khde Nd huy Sdng tao cda ngUdi hpc dUdc phdt huy eao nhat n6 d^ng eting ldc nhilu tri thdc, kinh nghidm cic ITnh dupc mpt mdi trUcmg GD tdt dep tao ede dieu kien thu|n viic vdi sd tddng tupng de xay dUng duac cau trd Idi hop II Idi 06 Ii mdi trddng GD din ehii, mdi trddng eho sif ti/ vd gidl quyet van d l mdt each ddc ddo [4] tu tudng, tu tranh tudn, khuyen khich vide niy sinli GV ed NLST d l ding tilp edn vd sd dyng eae phUdng y tudng thdng qua hoat ddng tuong tac gida cic d nhln phip DH thfch hdp di phdt trien trf tddng tupng, td md, vdi qua trinh hoe tap Hien nay, mpt nln GD ciu hdi v i thaeh ttiUc tao eho hpe sinh (HS) suy nghT theo tien tien tao ngudn nhan lue chat tupng cao cd nang chilu rdng NgUiri GV biet tao mdt mdi trddng Idp hpe mdi dong gdp cho sU phit triln ben vdng l i muc tilu hUdng v i thd vi, eung d p cho HS khdng gian kich thfch sd niy sinh tdi cda mpi qudc gia tVluc tilu ddi hdi nln GD phii khi^ ^ tudng, khim ptid v i thdc hien edng vide hoe tap tdt nhit diy SLf say m l hpc tdp, kich thfch td md v i ning sang tao d ngUdi hpe d l dap dng dupc yeu d u ngiy cang cao [5] Sd can thiet phdi phat triln nang ldc sdng tao eua xd hdi Nln GD nhd vdy se phu thude vio nhilu yeut^ nhung quan trpng nhat Id vai trd eda ngUdi thay Ngddi thSy ciia sinh vien sing tao Ii ngucri cd nhdn cdch sang tao, dd thii 6^ Thdi dai mdi dit nhilu van d l mdfi ve khoa hoc sd v i hdnh vi eita ngudi thiy ed dnh hudng tdt khd nang sang pham (KHSP).Trong cie vin de mdi eita thdi dai ndi bdt nhit tao, nilm say m l hdng thii vdi cdng vide hpe t$p cda ngifdl' Id vin de ngddi, ngudn nhan ldc, klo theo vile GD • DT hpc Ngudi thiy cd sU thiu hieu, tin ciy ddi vdi ngddi hpc; eon ngudi vd dpi ngu lao ddng ed tay nghi eao [6] Trong ludn the hien sii tdn trpng v i cdng bing ddi vdi ngUdi hoc t h l ki mdi, KHSI^ hudng trpng t i m tdl phit triln NL td tiem Hp ludn de eao sU hdp tdc gida ngddi hpe vdi va glQS ning din NLST Trin cd sd do, the gidi dang tlln vao xu t h l thay vdi ngddi hpe nhim hd trp gidi quylt nhiem vy xdy dung mpt x i hdi tri thdc x i hpi sdng tao, ngUi^ dat hilu qui tdt nhdt Mdi trUdng Idm vide hpp tdc tao sing tao [7] Do dd, KHSP doi hdi phii co budc phdt triln mdi quan h^ tfch eUc eting sd hdi hddc vui nhdn cOa ngifbi mdi, bit d^u td dng dung DT GV ed nhilu no ldc tiln bd, thay l i mdt nhOfng dieu kidn cho vide ngddi hpe phit ndng cdng tac DT GV lin ehdt lUdng mdi d l thdc hiln ddpe huy tfeh cdc Ic^ hpe nhiem vu DT nhCmg ngddi sang t^o, gdp phan xiy diing vd phdt huy "von ngUdl" Vai trd dac b l l t cua sinh vien sir pham nginh tWue tieu GD, trilt li GD cho t h l ki XXI, theo UNESCO, Id "GD sudt ddi" "xdy dung x i hdi hoe tip" vdi cdt try: Hoc d l b i l t hpe d l tam, hoe d l ehung sdng va hoe d l t i n tai Cic bd mdn nghiep vu sU pham phii gdp phan xiy dUng trilt If GD v i trang bj cho gido sinh vin dung triet If ly vdo ho^t ddng day v i hpc [8] Hdn nda, cdt try GD ndy dlu ydu d u phit trien NLST d HS Do dd, cic GV eung phii phdt triln de sing tao hoat ddng day - hpc Cie bd mdn nghiep vy sU pham phii trang bi eho giao sinh tri thdc ca bin ve tdm Ii hpe sdng tao v i phddng phap DH sing tao nhd sang tao xd If cac tinh hudng su pham, van dung 36-KHOAHgCGlAOOVC Giao due t i l u hpc gido due ndng liic sang tao cho cong ddn d trtrdng tieu hpc Hidn nay, day va hpe sing tao de phit huy tiem ning sing tao cda ngUdi day v i ngudi hpc, dd vile phit triln NLST cua ngudi hoc vda l i mye tilu vUa l i nhiem vi) eda GD Vdi dac thu cda d p Tllu hpc rdn luyin v i phdt tri^n khd ndng sing tao eho HS khdng ehl d l ede em ed eO hfil hpe t i p tdt hdn, ddpe thda nhdn v i tdn trpng, ed dilu kien thinh edng hon d cie bde hoe tiep theo v i eupe sdng mi edn dip dng muc tieu GD toan diln cho ngudi hoc d eip NGHIEN CUU Q hpc nln ting niy D l dip ting dupc nhilm vu dd, yeu td GV kit khdng binh thudng, su ket hdp mdi md eita thdng tin, hit sdc quan trpng IWdt nhdng vdn d l quan trpng chUa ed khd nang van dung dd lieu tU ngudn kiln thUe sdu nhit ddi vdi ngudi thay is d p hpc ndy li si; sing t?o d HS, rdng vd toin dien de gidi quylt vin d l vile phdt triln NLST, y nghTa ciia cdng vi|c sdng tao ddi vdi Kit qud nghidn cdu cho thiy nhdm SV cd CQ d mdc sd phdt triln v i trUdng thdnh cda trd tren trung binh chf lim tdt mdt dch chfnh xie ddffl dang Vt thl, nhd trddng sU pham, ndi OT sinh vien (SV) vdn td, edng thdc, dch xd If thdng thudng SU ban ehl dd ngdnh Giio dye Tilu hpc (GDTH) trd thinh nhiffig GV tieu bde id rd d viee ddi hdi SV phdt hidn dupe nhdng tam nhin, hpe tUdng lai phii cd nhilm vu DT, ren luyen NLST d c h nhin djnh mdi, ddc dio, phii hop vdi nhilm vu giii cho hp Nd khdng ehl giiip hp giii quylt nhdng nhlem vu quylt hpe tap trUde mdt m i giup hp cd khd ndng giil quylt 100% sd SV ed CQ d nhdm diem eao nhit bai nhdng nhilm vy mang tfnh Idu ddi eita nghi nghiep tinh thinh thue, xep thd hai la bai t i p tinh mdi m l vdi =; tdong lai 80% sd bdi dat d mUe nhdm dilm cao, edn lal Id nhdm ^ I m Thiic trang v l nang ldc sdng tao cOa sinh vien trung binh Nhting SV dat mde CQ cao d i hoin thinh bii test hidu qui thdng qua viee huy ddng cic thao tic cda tU ngdnh Gido due Tieu hoc NLST cda SV sd pham nginh GDTH, dUpe hieu Id NL sd mdt cich linh hoat nhay ben vide vin dyng kien dyng kiln thdc vio vide gidi quyet nhiem vu theo phuong thdc di tao nln nhdng eau trd tdi mang tinh mdi, la vd khac phip mdi d l dua ede phUcmg i n mang tinh dde dio v i biet nhat Tuy nhien, nhung edu trd Idl t h l hien khd nang dat hieu qud eao Cau cua NLST cCta SVsU pham nginh lien tddng xa, ddi hdi tri tudng tdpng phong phii tren nen GDTH bao gdm: Vdn tri thdc; nang sd dung - i p dung kien thdc de tlm d e phuong i n gldi quylt lai qud han kiln thdc d l tao phdcmg an mdi; hoat ddng giii quyet hCru, the hien td mang tinh "ddt phi"ehUa manti me bii tdp mdi (Ddng ca kich thich tfnh tfch cdc tim v i xie dinh Td d e ket qud phdn tfch ndn tren, ed the rut mdt sd vin di giii quylt; hinh dpng logic t h l hidn kiln thdc va trii kit ludn sau: MUe bilu hien NLST eda SV sU pham nganh nghilm cda SV d kT nang phdn tich, tdng hop, lidn tddng v i GDTH is mde trung binh, hdi nghieng v l dddi trung binh (> dinh gii vin di; hinh dpng true gide) Hoat ddng niy dupc 2S%) so vdi mdc tren trung binh (< 25%), mde dd kit thiic d 60%) NLST cda SV nginh GDTH mdi chi ddng d viee Td dd, mdc dd bieu hien ede tieu etif Iddng NLST nhln nhin v i phdt hiln dupc nhung chdc ning mdi cda van eda SV sdpham ngdnh GDTH dupe xde dinh la:Tfnh mdi md, de md nhidm vu dUa bdng nhCTng ciu tri ldi quen thude tfnh dde ddo, tinh thinh thuc, tfnh mem ddo va tfnh hieu da cd trong klnh nghiem cda ci nhin qud.Tfnh mdi m l : Van di quen thude nhdng nhln theo each D l xu^t mo hinh dao tao md^ vd dda nhilu cdch giii quylt mdi; Tfnh ddc dio: The Vile cdi cich hay doi mdi GD (gdm c i OT) Ii tat yeu, hien d cdch gidi quyet n h i t hodn toin chUa ed trong dd mdt viec khdng the thilu ti cii cich hay doi mdi kinh nghiem eita cd nhan vd qua khan hllm thUe t l ; KHSR KHSP cd nhilu bd mdn nhU: Tdm If hpc GD hpc TInh thinh thue: The hien d sd lien tudng nhanh va chinh PhUdng phdp giing day bd mdn, Ljch sd GD, Kinh t l GD, Xa xie ve nhdng kiln thdc can de giii quyet ddng trudc hpi hpc GD, PtidOng phap danh gid, kiem tra, thi Cae bd mdt tinh hudng mdi, tlm nhieu phdong i n giii quyet mdn ti bd phin eda nhdm bfl mon nghilp vu sdpham khic ddi vdi vin di da cho thdi gian ngdn nhat; Hien nay, nhieu trUdng sU pham da tang eUdng nghidn cdu Tfnh mIm dio: Tii d u trde lai kiln thUe theo cich tilp can v i giing d^ynghiepvusupham hdn mdi, phuang i n tilp cin vdn klnh nghidm hoan toan mdi; KHSP ndi ehung, bp mdn nghiep vu su pham noi rieng Tinh hidu qui: Sdn pham dap dng yeu edu, tdn ft thdi gian phii gidp cic giao sinh cd phdong phdp tilp cin sU pham de hoin thdnh nhiem vy mdi: Cd nhan thdc mdi, tu mdi v l GD De dat dupe Nghien eOnj thuc trang ve NLST (chi sd sing tao: CQ) nhCmg yiu du dd, chuong trinh DT GV can ehu y den phan eda SV sU pham nginh GDTH dUac tlln hinh tren 412 thUe hinh, ren luyen kT nang vin dyng vio hoat dpng day trddng hpp SV td nim thd nhit din nam thd tu nginh vd hoc, giao sinh phii nhan thdc hit tfnh sing tao cda nghe GDTH thude TrUdng Dai hpc Sd pham Hd Npi v i Dai hpc Sii DH Gdn Kit qui nghidn etiu eho thay, phan Idn SV chi t h l hidn Theo chdng tdi, cd the cung d p tri thdc v i ren luyen kT sp vdn dung linh hoat kiln thdevikT nang hpc t i p dda vdo nang eho gido sinh ttr nhdn thUe mdi v l nghi DH, sd menh sU Idu lodt tU ngdde dua cie phddng an tai eau true cda GD den cich dng xdsu pham vdi HS, phu huynh HS, tlm lai kiln thdc theo cich tiep can mdi cich giing day v i GD phii hpp vdi ddi tdpng, nhat Id GD "ci Kit qui nghiln cdu nhdm khich t h l cd NLST d mde bllt", gidng day ea thl, nhSm ning cao hieu biet cho GV dudi trung binh eho thiy dilm sd ndm rii rie td 0,14 din v i each tiep can lay ngudi hoe Idm trung tim Vdi nhting 0,24 dilm, sd ngUdi dat ddpe mdc dilm cao nhat phddng phip DH cd hieu qui, viec td chUe hoat dpng OT ehllm 11,7%; sd edn lai ed mdc diem ti^0,19 trd xudng Vdi phdi thay ddi theo each: 37/56 ehllm 66,1% sd diem bdng (X=0.53± 0.89), tinh + DH thdng qua td chdc eic hoat dpng hoe t i p cua dde ddo ed dilm trung binh thap n h i t tfnh thuc cd ngUdi hpe: Ngudi day to chdc, hddng dSn eho ngudi hpc dilm trung binh cao nhat {= 60% SV dat mUe diem > 20) tham gia nhilu cic hoat dpng hpe tap khic mdt each Tuy nhidn, xlt v l mdc dp bilu hiln theo xIp loai, nhat linh boat chit ddng Ngudi hpc tham gia bing su hdng tinh ddc dio cd 0,2% d mUe dp eao vd mdc dp thip chilm thu, say ml, tfch cde de ndm vd hilu dddc nhdng kien thdc tl Id nhilu nhit mdi, ting cddng cac hoat ddng phong phu mi ngudi day N6l bdt phin loai cic mdc dd bilu hiln NLST eda to ehUe vd hudng dan giiip HS hinh thinh ede kT ning giii SV l i mde trung binh, chilm ti Id xIp xl 3/4 Kit qui eho thay quylt vdn di sing tao phin Idn SV ehda t h l hien ddpe sU nhay cim eita tu duy, + DH chii trpng ren luyen cich thdc tU hpc: NgUdi day ehda ed sd linh hoat eao eung nhd sd dyng nhung sd lien td chdc hddng dan de ngudi hpc tham gia vio cie dang hoat S6lZ7-THlMlG 4/2016-37 Q NGHIEN Ctfll - ddng chiem ITnh tri thdc Thdng qua vile tham gia tich cue vdo d e hoat ddng, ngddi hpc hinh thinh thdi quen- 'z ctiftfnh tu giic hpe tap de phdt triln nhin cich sang tao eda hp -I- Tang cddng hpe t i p cd nhin, phdi hdp vdi hpe t i p hop tie nhdm ban be: Ngddi day can tao dilu ki?n d i ngUdi hpc ed dieu kiln hpp tie, lam viec cdng tham gia hoat ddng hpc tap Ngddi d?y d vj trf ngUdi td chdc dan dat hoat ddng bing sd khich le hpc t i p va cdng nhan nhung ed gang ciia ngUdi hoc Qua do, kich thfch dpng co hoc tap sang tao de ngddi hpe phan dau trd thinh ngUdI edng din toan d u tuang lai Ket ludn Mdt sd II thuyet su pham mdi (phuong phap tilp can vdi hoat ddng day v i hpc) theo hudng de cao ndi bit hudng vdo su pham tfch cUe: Ngddi hpc phii chd ddng, linh hoat, cd ddng ed dung, hdng thti hpc tip; day va hpc de ngddi hpe tu kham phd, hinh thinh dddc tu sing tao, linh hoat phdc hdp, ed kT nang v$n dung nhOng ^eu da hpc Mdi ngudi hpc td vdn tri thdc phdi tao cho minh mdt vdn sdng- tilp tue coi phddng phip day va hpe gidi quyet vin de, vdi moi trUdng hap ddi hdi each xd li thich hop Do dd, KHSP cd the gpi la KHSP sang tao dUa tren ed sd tdm li hpe sang tao Vide ddi mdi td ve OT nghiep vu sd pham can nhan thdc lai v l vai trd cda khoa hpc GD tnang EfT su pham, can ddt dung vj tri bo mdn Tam II hpe dai eUdng, Tam li hpc Ida tudi v i t i m If hpe sU pham, Tam Ii hpc sing tao Trong the ki mdi, khoa hpc GD ndi chung, khoa hoe GD vin dung vao phue vu OT sU pham phii dupc bo sung tam li hoe sdng tao TAILI£UTHAIVIKHAO [1] Pham Minh Hac (2010), Mdt sd vdn degido due ddu thiklXXI NXB Giio due Viet Nam [2] Don Ambrose - LeoNora M Cohen - Abraham J Tannenbaum, (2003), Creative intelligence: toward theoret integration, Publishing house Hampton Press, Inc [3] Seymour W Itzkoff, (2003), Inteleetual Capital in the XXi Century Politics, NXB Asfield, MA, Paidea [4] Pham Thanh Nghj, (2011), Nhdng vdn di tdm IIhoc sdng tgo, NXB Dai hpc Su pham [S] Giselleo Martin-Kniep, (2011), Tdm ddi mdi detrd thdnh ngudi gido viin gidi NXB Giio dye Vilt Nam [6] Hd Ngpe Dal, (2010), Gfdo due tieu hpc ddu theld XXI, NXB Giio due Viet Nam [7] Alvin Tofier, (1992), Ldn sdng thUba, NXB Van hoa Thdng tin, Ha Ndi [8] Robert J Marzano - DebraJ Pickering - Jane E Pollock, (2011), Cde phdong phdp day hpc h/luqud,NXBGIio due Vilt Nam 19] Nguyen Thi Lien, (2014), Cdc yiu to dnh hUdng dSn tri sdng tgo hogt ddng hoe tdp eua sinh viin sUpham ngdnh Gido due Tieu hoc Tap chf Khoa hpc Volume 59, sd 6A SUMMARY In the new era, the scientific pedagogy focused on competence development, from potential ability to creativ competence Students in Primary education major need be trained and practised creative competence in order to address long-term professional tasks in the future Then, w the effective teaching methods, the organization of trainin activities will change according to requirements of the new century Keywords: Creative competence; students in educa major; primary education llltllllllllMlllllllllllllltllllllllllltlllllltlllllllllllll AP DUNG CAC PHUONG T H U C QUAN LI CHAT LUONG nghidn cdu ehuydn nghilp, hilu qui IVIudn vay, cic trudng dai hpe can trang bj cho cin bd, giing vien, sinh vien kT nang lam viee nhdm thao, tao lip mdi trddng va dieu kien thuan Idi cho hoat ddng eita ede nhdm, dp dung cic hinh thdc thi dua, khen thddng, ddng vien nhSm day manh hoat ddng cda cac nhdm sudt qua trinh dao tao Ben canh dd, chd hoat ddng hdp tie qudc te qud trlnh hinh ede nhdm nhdm ning eao kT nang eua cie vien mdi trUdng qudc t l de tU manh dan eii tiln, xie lap cae chuan chat tdpng tiep can chuan chat lupng cua khu vuc v i the gidi Ket luan Mpt nhdng nhlem vu quan trpng va ed >? nghia sdng edn ddi vdi t i t ei cic trddng dai hpc hien la phdi dim bdo vd khdng ngtmg ning cao chat Idpng qua trinh dao tao Mudn viy cic trddng dai hpc can ddi mdi cdng tic quin If qui trinh dio tao, dd dn nghien edu dp dyng phuong thdc QLCL phit hop, thi vdi nln ting, trinh dp QLCL cda nhi trudng nhdm dim bio va khdng ngUng edi tien, ning cao chat tdpng qua trinh dio tao, ddp ilng yeu d u cda xa hoi II lllllllltlllllllllllllMII (Viep theo trang 33} [2] Bp Giio due v i Dao tao, (2013), Hopt ddng ddm bdo chit luang ddo tao gido vien trung hpc phd thdng v& trung cdp ehuyin nghiep, Du an Phil triln Giio vien trung hpe phd thdng va trung cap ehuydn nghiep Ha Npi [3] Warren Piper, D., (1993), Quality Management In Universities, Canberra: AG PS SUMMARY Quality management is a way to manage towards standard, being applied in the production process right from the years before the industrial revolution and then be applied into higher education According to the level d development, quality management includes low to hlwl management methcids: guality control, quality assurance total quality management The application df specific fl^^'S management methods at universities heavily depends on m fit between development levels ofschool guality managem and the basic features of each quality management method This article mentions the concept of quality management universities with specific features in each quality managem method, and then proposes measures to apply qualitf management methods in managing the training proceS quality at universities nowadays •' TAILIEUTHAMKHAO Keywords: Universities; quality control; qualltf [1] Nguyen Dde Chfnh, (2002), Kiim dinh ehdt lupng assurance; total quality management gido due dai hoc, NXB Dai hpe Qudc gia Ha Npi, 38>KH0AH0CGlA0DI|C ... trd tren trung binh chf lim tdt mdt dch chfnh xie ddffl dang Vt thl, nhd trddng sU pham, ndi OT sinh vien (SV) vdn td, edng thdc, dch xd If thdng thudng SU ban ehl dd ngdnh Giio dye Tilu hpc (GDTH)... 80% sd bdi dat d mUe nhdm dilm cao, edn lal Id nhdm ^ I m Thiic trang v l nang ldc sdng tao cOa sinh vien trung binh Nhting SV dat mde CQ cao d i hoin thinh bii test hidu qui thdng qua viee huy... su pham noi rieng Tinh hidu qui: Sdn pham dap dng yeu edu, tdn ft thdi gian phii gidp cic giao sinh cd phdong phdp tilp cin sU pham de hoin thdnh nhiem vy mdi: Cd nhan thdc mdi, tu mdi v l GD