PllM BAM B ^ I M6i CAW BAH W A M DilM ClAO DIIC VA BAO WO VAN DUNG Tif TlffllNG GIAO DUC CUA PLATU TDONG Sif NGHIEP 001 M l '''' CAN DAN, TUAN DIEN GIAO DUC OAO TAG H VIET NAM HIEN NAY ThS NGUYEN HUNG y[.]
PllM BAM B^I M6i CAW BAH WAM DilM ClAO DIIC VA BAO WO VAN DUNG Tif TlffllNG GIAO DUC CUA PLATU TDONG Sif NGHIEP 001 Ml ' CAN DAN, TUAN DIEN GIAO DUC - OAO TAG H VIET NAM HIEN NAY ThS NGUYEN H U N G y U O N G ' - ThS BUi N G O C BiCHTHfe" Abstract: Most at philosophy systetns contain the intellectual achievements of humankind, incMing Inheritance of ualuable thoughts of Ihe past, development of current issues reflected In lite amcepts and categories and questions posing for the future The philosophy of Plato holds Ihe essence al cultural, spiritual stale heritage of the times and ancient Greeii thoughts In the philosophy, Pltnn expressed his point of view on building an Ideal state model apart from referring to Ihe possible conclusion The research and interpretation of Plato's education Ideology played a crucial role m treasuring and promoting the value of thought on comprehensive reform of vocational educalm in our country today Keywords: Plato's Educational Ideology, Comprehensive reform, Education, Q ua trinh loan cau hda da tac ddng manh me de'n suvan ddng, bien ddi khdng ngiing, dem lai nhiing thdi cd, thuan ldi cung nhu dat nhung thach thiic mdi cho cac dan tdc,qud'c gia, Thyc tidn nayyeu cau cac nudc tren thegidi ndi chung, Viet Nam ndi neng phai cd nhung chii truong, dudng id'i, Cd che, chinh sach phii hdp dd'tan dung thdi cd, hdi nhap sau hdn suphattrien cua thegicri; viec dao tao ngudn nhan luc chat Iupng cao lam chu tuu khoa hpc cdng nghe, cd kha nang thich nghi vdi su thay dd'i nhanh chdngcua thegidi trd giai phap hfti hidu cho suphattrid'n ben viing Trong bdi canh dd Ban Chap hanh Tmng Udng da de Nghi quydt sd29-NQ/TW 4/11/2013 ve dd'i m f l can ban, toan dien GD-BT, dap ungyeu cau CNH, HDH dieu kien kinh tethjtrudng djnh hudng XHCN va hpi nhapqudcte, nhlm dua nhung giaiphap phu hpp "chien lupc" dao tao nguon nhan luc dap iing ydu cau ciia tinh hinh men, vcS djnh hudng "lay ngudi hpc lam trung tam", thuc hien ddi mdi mdtcach toan dien, ddng bp,tuviec lya ehpn doi tupng, xay dung ndi dung, cai tien phUdng phap den vide xac djnh muc d'Kh, dua tren sukd'thila nhung tuu giao due ciia nudc nhavatiep thu nhung tinh hoa cua giao due qudcte Baivietnay decap van devan dung tutudng giao dye (TTGD) ciia Plato su nghidp ddi mdi can ban, toan didn GD-DT dViet Nam hien Ndi dung Cff ban vegiao due trongtu tuong triet hpc ciia Plato 1.1 Con ngudi va su nghiep Plato (427 347TCN) sinh tai dao Egine, gan Athens rail gia dinh ddng ddi quy tpc La hpc trp xuat s§c m Spcrates, dng sdm tap trung nghien cuu vetrietii^c Ong langudisang lap Vidn Han lam dAthens-cti Sd giao dye dupc xem la tnidng dai hpe dau tien cua chau Au, ndi danh cho nghien eiiu, piang dgyktioa hpc vatriet hpc (Lyceum) Sau cai chet cda ngUSIil, dang kinh (Socrates), Plato b i t dau cho photet nhiirig ddi thoai triet hpc v ^ nhan vat chinh laSocrates, trcng dd chu yd'u de cap dd'n eac van de dao diic va chinh trj, giao dye n h l m xay dyng iiha nude litujnj - nha nudc cdng hda Ong delai nhieu tn/dc tae co gia tri cho nhan ioai cave triet hpc va chinh trj Trong so eac tac pham ndi tieng cdn luu giliden nayplai ke dd'n tac pha'm "Cdng hoa" (Republic) - tac plffii tap trung nhiing tu tUdng quan trpng cua dng 1.2 Ngidung coban ve tif tudnggiacfciijc ciia Plato Tu tudng triet hpc ndi chung, gia" j f ' ndi rieng ciia dng dUdc hinh trdn nhiing J l ' kipn Ijch siJxa hdi cua Hi Lap thdi cd'dai, tren c s kd'thiianhllngtutUPngtid'nbdeuaSccrates,^*' the' hidn qua cao tac pham cii inh nhu: Cdng hoa, Luat phap Theo quan niem cua Plato: xa W * fiai lioc fia Itang " Tnltmg Cao ding Kinli te - Ki tliuat Quang Nam 41 Tap chi Gido due so 380 (ki2-4l20m Hi Lap CO dai gom tang Idp: n)6tla, tang ldp cac dua vao eac trai tap tmng, Idn len va hpc tap cting Iriet gia - ngudi chan dSf, hay goi la "d^ng nhau, khong biet la bd, me, anh, chi, em njpt cua cap vang"; hai la, tang Idp cac "chien binh - ngudi minh, matatcadeulaanh em, khdng thuhan.doki, bao ve"; ba la, nhiJng ngirdi lao dong chan tay va oan ghet nhau, tat ea mpt ngoi nha chung li buon ban, gpi ta "dang cap dong s&f Trong tuong Hp dupc hpc day du cac kien thde phu hop vdi do, Plato chu tnicfng giao due hai tang Idp quan dp tu6l vatham giaftjyen ehpn detrd tang Idp trgng cua xa hoi la "ngudi bao ve" va "nha cai trj" baovevacaitrj (ngiidi chan d§t) va de cao mpt nen giao due lien Boi vat lang kjp lam cong tac bao ve nha nudc, tuc vdi muc dich hirdng ngudi den le cong theo Plato, hp la nhung ngudi dupc cha me sinh bSng va cai thien toi cao Theo ong, can giao due dptuoithanh xuan, tuolsung sue nhatcua tdkhi tre biet ndi den tren ba muoi tuo'i, ngudi Ngay td mdi Ipt long, hp da tach khoi bo me do, tre td 3-6 tuoi dupc giao due b§ng nhiing mau de ve cac trai tap tmng Tai day, thdi tha au, hp duoc ehuyen than thoai nh^m danli thdc dc td md, tinh nghe ke chuyen, vi theo dng ke chuyen dupc coi la hieu dpng, sang tao; 7-10 tuoi se giao due the thao; phuang phap giup tre de dang t i ^ nhan tn thdc, thu 11-13 tuoi se tap dpc, tap viet; 14-16 tuoi hge thi ea,hut tre vao nhdng eau chuyen ngu ngdn thu viva dan am nhac; 16-18 tuoi hoc toan hpc; 18-20 tuoi hpc xay dung eho ehiing co duoc ban tinh tdt dep Nhung quan su; 20-30 tuoi se tham gia tuyen ehpn lan thd cau chuyen dua vao giao due phai dupc kiem duyet nhat, nhung ngudithucsuednang khieu cam quan canttianvaphaidupc ke bdi nhung ngudikeehuyen duoc dao tao lam tudng ffnh, nhdng ngudi cd tu chuyen nghiep, de hieu Khi Idn len, tre em dupe tap chat thong minh duac dao tao lam nha cai tri dong huan the thao Plato rat eoi trpng mdn hpc nham thdj tiep tuc hpc tap va nghien cdu khoa hpc Td 30 nang eao the lue eho ngudi linh, phat huy tinh tugiac tuoi trd di se tham gia tuyen ehpn lan thd hai de cua hp bat ki cdng viec nao ma hp dam nhan ehpn nhdng ngudi xuats^c lam khoa hpe, phan Vdi tang lap "nha cai tri • ngut^'chan dai", ong lai lam vien chuc, mpt so khac dupe dao tao dua phuang phap tuyen ehpn hp hang ngu tiep, dac biet mon bien chdng va mon dao ddc de nhung ngudi bao ve nha nude Nhdng ngudi se tham nhuan tinh than triet li va cai thien Plato eho dupcthuthach long yeu nudc, Idng tmngthanh.su ring eon ngudi sinh da ed nhdng tai nang dau kho va khoai lac ca tinh than va the xac bam sinh phu hop vdi mpt cong viec nhat djnh, Tatca nhung khdng vuatqua mpttrong nhdng dd de dam bao hieu qua cdng viec thi moi thu thach tren deu bi loai Viec giao due nhdng "nha ngudi chi nen lam mot nghe phu hpp vdi tai nang triet hpe" khong cdn chi dan thuan la day cho hp bam sinh cua minh Chinh vivay, mgc dich xuyen nhung kienttidckhoa hpc ma thay vao ddia lam cho sud't cua qua trinh giao due la nhim khoi day, phat linh hon cua hp hoi tudng lai nhung gida cod "the huy nhdng tai nang bam sinh cua hp kie'p gidi ben kia"-the gidi cua y niem sang ngdi tuyet doi tmdc, de phat trien nhung due tinh bam sinh va cua "cai thien" toi cao lam cho hp xac dinh duac vi tri, vai trd, nhiem vu, ^ Van dung TTG D cua Plato sunghiep su cong hien cua m inh bp may nha nudc doi mdi can ban, toan dien GD-DT a Viet Nam Theo dng, de giao due tang Idp "ngud^ bao ve" hien phai hudng den viee lam cho hptrdthanh nhung ngudi Qua viec nghien cuu va luan giai nhdng TTGD linh dung cam, gan da, co sde manh deo dai, dd'i vdicua Plato, nhieu diem tien bp cdtfievan dung nhdng "^ha cai trj - ngudi chan daf, can hudng de'n cdng cupc ddi mdi can ban, toan dien G D-DT d nudc muc dich dao tao mot tang ldp triet gia uyen tham, ta hien la: hp phai nim dupc "su thien" - doi tuang cao nhat eua 2.1 Xay dting he thong giao due nhat quan tri thuc va ehi dd hp mdi nhin thay duac su that ttf viec it/a chon doi tuang, xay dirng ngi dung, sang tonhat Ben canh d6,nhungtrietgia phai lanhung phuang phap den mtjc dich giao diJC Tu tudng nha bien chung uy6n bac ve tritflucli luan chd khdngcua Plato ve viee xay dung mot mo hinh giao due phailanhungcomaysieu hinh Plato dexuatmpt so chat che, tiep noi lien tuc qua trinh giao due phuang phap giao due cho tdng doi tuong, diem daecon ngudi, la ea sd de cac cap quan li xem xet, biettrong phuang phap giao due eua dng la tach biethoach djnh md hinh giao due hien dai vdi cac cap treemkhim