THU'C TIEN - KINH NGHIEM Loi song va xay dUhg loi song clio tlianli nien nen kmh te thj trirding djnh hiroing xa ligi ciiu nghia of Viet Nam Men • ThS PHAM THU THUY Hoc vien Thanh thiiu nien Viet Nam Qua bdi viet, tac gid dd dua cac quan diem ve loi sdng, cd the Meu ldi sdng Id phuang thiic sdng cua ngudi tiong mpt che dp xa hdi nhat dinh dupc bi6u hien tien cac linh vuc cua ddi song, nliu: lao dpng, san xudt, hoat ddng chinh tn, boat dpng van hda vd boat dpng giao tiep hang Qua dd, tdc gid neu nhiing yeu cdu cua tiiuc tien each mang nudc ta, tii do, xdy dung ldi sdng eho nien trang nen kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hdi ehu ngMa d Viet Nam hien Khai ni@m loi song "Ldi sdng" tir ldu da trd thdnh ddi tupng nghien euu eua nMeu ngdnh khoa hpc nhu tdm li hpc, gido due hpc, dao diic hpc, triet hpc, van hda hpc, M Mdng hpc Tu ldi sdng tiong tieng Phdp Id mode de vie, tiong tieng Anh la mode of life hoac way of life, cdn ttongtiengDiie la Lebensweise Mac dii cd nMeu tac gjd, nMeu tdi heu de cap den khai mem ldi sdng, nhung eho den vdn ehua ed mdt dmh ngMa thdng nhat ve vdn de Trong tdc phdm H^ tu tudng Diie, C.Mac va Ph.Angghen vi§t: "Khdng nen nghien eiiu phuang thiic san xuat dy don thudn theo kMa eanh nd Id su tdi san xudt su tdn tai the xac cua cdc ca nhan Md han the, nd Id mdt phuang thiic boat ddng nhdt dinh ciia nhiing ca nhdn dy, mpt Mnh thiic nhat dinh ciia hoat dpng sdng ciia hp, mdt phuang thirc sinh sdng nhdt djnb cua hp""\ Nhu vdy, CMac vd Ph.Angghen dd cho thdy, sdn xudt la ydu to quylt dinh su tdn tai ciia cd nhdn vd phuang thiic sdn xudt la Mnh thiie hoat ddng co ban ctia eon ngudi, la phuang thiic sinh sdng cua Sd'thang 3-2016 ' I ' i ngudi Id mat co ban cua Idi sdng Theo cac dng, ldi sdng chinh Id phuong thiic, la dang boat ddng cua ngudi, chiu sy quy dinh eiia phuang thiic san xuat va toan bp nhiing dieu Men sinh sdng ciia eon ngudi Tu dd C.Mdc vd Ph Angghen eho rang, d nhiing Mnh thai kinh te - xa hpi khae se cd ldi sdng tuong iing vdi mdi hmh thai Mnh te - xa hdi dd Tiep can ldi sdngtt^enphuang dien phuang thiic hoat dpng va tdng the nhiing quan he kmh te, chinh tn, van hda, xa hpi cua nhiing ea nhdn mdt Mnh thdi kinh te - xa hdi, quan diem ciia cdc nhd ngMen ciiu Lien Xd Qudc day, nhu: Riitkevich, G.Glezennan, V.I.Tdnxtukha, I.V Bextugiep., cd mdt sd khia canh khdc nhung deu cd mdt y chung cho rang, ldi sdng dupc Men gidi nhu la mpt phuang thirc boat dpng sdng ciia ngudi,tiiidi^u hpp ly Id Idy cdc Imh vuc hoat ddng sdng quantipngnhdt lam nen tdng cho co cdu ciia ldi sdng; cdc Mih vuc dd Id lao dpng, smh boat, boat dpng ehinh tri-xa hdi vd van hda - xa hpi Trong tieng Viet, Idi sdng la mpt danh tit ghep gdm ldi va sdng Ldi la le Idi, the thiic, Meu each, phuong thiic Sdng la sinh boat, la qua trinh boat ddng smh vat Ly luan cbinh tri & Trnyv^n thdng 63 THyC TliN - KINH NGHIEM Id giao tiep md Id Idi giaotiep.Ldi sdng la phuong thac sdng ciia ngudi tiong mdt che dp xd hpi nhdt ^ dupc bieu Men tien cac Imh vuc cua ddi sdng nhu lao dpng san xudt, boat ddng cMnh tti, hoat ddng van hoa tinh than vd boat ddng hang Tiiu hai, phuong thiic san xudt vd cac dieu kien sdng cua ngudi, suy cho cung, quySt djnh loi s&^ cila hp Ldi song ciia ngudi tiong mdi qudc gia, Khai mem "ldi sdng" bat dau duae de capttongVan Men Dai hpi dai bieu todn quoc lan thii IV eua Dang va dan tdc dupc hinh thdnh tien co sd dieu kien ty nhiSn, tiep tue dupc de cap den d cac ky dai hditieptheo, Dai bao gom vi Qi dja ly, ddt dai, kM hdu, he dpng thirc vai hpi XI khing djnh: "Tmh trang suy thodi ve M Mdng va cdc dieu Men kinh t6, cMnh tri, xa hpi, van hoa, tu chinh tri, dao diic, ldi sdng tiong mdt bd phan khdng tudng, ttuyen tiidng Trong cac yeu td neu tren thi nhd can bp, dang vien va tinh tt^g tham nhiing, lang dieu Men xd hdi cd y nghla quylt dinh Trong do, pM, quan lieu, nhiing tieu cue vd te nan xa hpi chua phuang thiic sdn xudt ddng vai tid quyet dinh doi v6i dupc ngdn chan, day lui ma cdntieptue dien bien phiic chinh tri, xa hdi vd vdn hda, tu Mdng cua moi quoc tap lam gidm ldng tm ciia nhdn ddn ddi vdi Dang vd gia, ddn tdc Bdi vi, ldi sdng la mdt the thdng nhat bira Nhd nudc"'^' Su suy thodi ve dao due khdng cM dien ehiing giiia ty nhien, ca nhdn vd xd hdi, ldi song ciia d mdt bp phdn can bd, dang vien ma cdn dien d ngudl dupc hinh qua trinh nguoi nMeu tdng Idp dan eu, dac biet la gidi tre tham gia vao cdc boat ddng, trudc tien la lao dpng sk Nhan thiic tam quan trpng ciia van de loi sdng, cac xudt, boat dpng ehinhtti- xa hdi va cac hoat d6ng khSc de tai khoa hpc cap nha nudc cung bat ddu tap trung v.v, ddngtiidi,chiu sy cM phdi eua cdc boat dpng d6 nghien ciiu Quan diem ciia cdc nhd khoa hpc thudc Thu ba, ldi sdng ndi chung mang gid tri van hoa, la de tai cap Nha nudc KX.06-13 dupc neu khdi qudt gid Qi chung ciia lich sii nhdn loai, hudng tdi chdn - dii?) Bao cdo tdng ket chuong trinh KX-06 (1991 - - my vtra mang tinh phd qudt, vira mang tinh dac M 1995) nhu sau: "Ldi song,ttongmpt chimg muc nhat Pham VI vd npi dung ciia ldi sdng bao gdm: cac khuon dinh, la each ling xii ciia nhiing ngudi eu the trude mau ling XLT, cdc tMet che xa hpi van hanh theo mgt nhiing dieu kien, hoan cdnh cu the ciia moi tmdng bang gia tti ttong toan bp cac hoat dpng sdng ciia dan sdng Mdi tmdng la cai khdch quan quy dinh Id dieu tdc, cdc giai cdp, cdc nhdm xa hpi, cae cd nhdn ffong Men khdch quan tryc tiep tac dpng va dnh hudng den nhirng dieu kien cua mdt hinh thai kinh ^ - xd h^l i ^ ldi sdng ciia ngudi, ciia cdc nhdm xa hdi vd cong dinh, vd bieu Men cae Imh vyc ddi song: Troi^ ddng dan eu"'^' Dinh ngMa tiep can ldi sdng nhu lao dpng vd hudng thu, quan he giiia ngirai mdt phuong thiie hoat ddng tiiuc tiln cua ngudi vdi ngudi ttong sinh boat tinh than va van h o a B ttong mdi tmdng nhat djnh va nd chiu sy quy djnh ciia Nhu vdy, cd the hieu ldi song Id phuang thucs^^ mdi trudng sdng cua ngudi mot che dd xa hgi nhdl dinh ^ Nhu vdy, tren ca sd nhiing quan diem ciia cac tac bieu hien tren cdc Hnh \nrc cua ddi sdng, nhu:^ gid dua quan niem ve ldi song, cd th^ nit mot dgng, sdnxudt, hoat dgng chinh tri, hoatddngvdnmsd ddc di6m cua Idi song nhu sau; vd hogt dgng giaotiephdng ngdy • Thir nhat, ldi song bao gdm tdt cd mpi Imh vyc hoat Xay dung loi sdng cho nien nen dpng cua eon ngudi tiong mpt xd hpi nhat dinh, ldi kmh ti thi trirdng dinb hirdng XHCN it Viet Nam sdng dupc bieu hien qua quan he giira ngudi vdi hien ty nhien, ngudi vdi ngudi ttong lao ddng san Thanh nien Viet Nam la lyc lupng xd hdi to Idn xudt, linh vuc ehinh tti, ttong Imh vyc M tudng quyet dinh Mong lai cua dan tpc Trong bdi canh hi?n vdn hda,ttongiing xir giao tigp hang ngdy Tuy nMgn, nay, viec xay dung loi sdng mdi cho men c6 t&n ldi sdng khdng phai la hoat ddng, md la loi boat ddng; quan trpng ddc biet, mang y ngMa cMSn lupc Bci, (Air khdng phdi Id sy gidi Xd, ma Id ldi giditii;khdng phai nhdt, ldi sdng mdi vua la muc tieu, vira la dpng liK vd xa hdi cua ngudi Trong tti dien tieng Viet va Han - Viet cung cM de cap khai Mem "Idi sdng gian df Iam vi du mmh hpa cho tu "l6i" va din "nep sdng" kM de cap den khai mem "sdng" Cd tac gid cho rang, tir ldi sdng va nep sdng la ket qua ciia viec taottitiong ngdn ngutiengViet vd la cdch diingtiiudtngii khdc de dich mdt thudt ngii nudc ngodi 64 Ly luan chinh tri & Truyen thong So thdng 3-2016 THLTC TIEN - KINH NGHlEM thiic ddy sy phat trien xa hdi, hoan tMen ngudi ndi ehung va men ndi rieng; thir hai, ldi sdng mdi gdp phdn quan tipng viec "phdng ngira" "mien dich" cho todn xa hpi, ddc biet la men trudc tdc dpng cua mat trdi kinh te thi trudng va toan can hda, ciing nhu dm muu "dien bien hda binh" cua cdc thS Iuc thu dich; ihir ba, viee xay dung ldi song mdi eho men bat ngudn tit yeu edu, nhiem vu ciia chmh bdn thdn tiianh menViet Nam Men nay, ddp iing ddi hdi eua thuc tien cdch mang nudc ta Xudt phdtttinhiing yeu edu tren, xdy dyng ldi song cho nien hien cdn ehii y mdt sd dilm sau: Mgt Id, viec chap nhdn kinh te thi trudng vd chu ttuang phat tnen kinh te tM trudng de xay dyng chu ngMa xa hdi yeu cdu d men tinh chu ddng, sdng tao cua mdi cd nhdn vdi M each mot dac trung quan trpng nhdt eua boat ddng, ngudi Nhung mdi ca nhdn khdng the sdng tdch rdi cdng ddng, md chi cd quan he vdi cpng ddng tM cd nhdn mdi ed the truetiepthe hien ca tmhriengcua minh ciing nhu tinh chii dpng sang tao cua bdn tiidn, Nhu vdy, viec xdy dung Idi sdng cho men qud trinh phat trien kmh tetiutrudng dmh hudng xa chu ngMa cdn luu y Id, xa hpi eang cd tinh ehat cpng ddng bao nliieu, tM ldi sdng dy, xet ve mdi ca nhan, cdng ca nhan hda bdy nMeu, cdng trd nen dpc dao bay nhieu Trach nhiem cua mdi men trudc cdng ddng va trdch nMem cua cdng dpng ddi vdi mdi vien cua minh la nhung net khdng the tach rdi ciia ldi sdng nSn kinh te thi tmdng dinh hudng XHCN Hai Id, viec xdy dung ldi sdng mdi eho men can phdi ke thira cdc gid tn dao diic tdt dep ttuyin thdng cua dan tpc Bdi vi: thir nhdt, gia tri dao diic tmyen thdng la ca sd giii vi tri nhu tang de xay dyng Idi sdng mdi cho nien Viet Nam Men nay; thir hai, gid tri dao diic tmyen thdng dupe kl thira, phat huy, gia nhap cdu tnic nhdn each trd cae pham chdt mdi, ldi sdng mditiehcyc cua men; Ihirba, gid tri dao diic tmy6n thdng Id ddng lye, la ngpn ngudn phdt trien dan tdc, tao nen siic manh tinh than va ban ITnh eho the he nien vuon len tiong giai doan mdi, bdi cdnh todn cdu hda vd hdi nhap qudc te hien nay; thir tu, phdt huy gia tri dao due truyin thdng cho tiianh nien gdp phdn xdy dung hdi hda ddi sdng vdt chdt vd ddi sdng tinh thdn eho hp, giiip hp diing Sd'thang 3-2016 viing trudc tac ddng tieu eye cua Mnh te thi trudng va toan cau hda Men Viec phat huy cac gid tii dao dire tmyen thdng vdi M cdch mdt bd phdn ciia "he chuan gid tri" cd vai tid nhu mpt mang lpc mdu nMem, giup men phdn biet diing - sai, tdt - xdu, giiip hp xac dinh "nen" va "khdng nen"ttonghanh vl, img xii, tir dd cd kha nang lya chpn dung ddn vd hip thu nhirng gia tii tiln bp, vdn minh eua nhdn loai ciing nhu biet lpc, Ioai bd nhiing phdn gid tri, gdp phdn quan ttpng cho viec xdy dyng ldi sdng mdi Men KM ndi ve dac ttung ldi sdng cua men Vi^t Nam, Chu tich Hd Cbi Mmh dd ddn ldi mdt hpc gid ngudi Phdp la Do Pupbudevm: "Yeu men que huong, quyen luyen gia dinh, thd kinh td tien, yeu ehupng edng ly, tdn trpng ehinh ngMa, ham tMch khoa hpe, yeu thuong gidng ndi, tdn trpng Ie phai, ghet xa hoa, khdng ham tten tdi, khinh ghet vii luc, khdng sp gian khd hy sinh"