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XAY DITNG L O I S O N G THEO PHAP LUAT DAP LTNG YEU c A u XAY DlTNG NHA NU^OC PHAP QUYEN VIET NAM XA HOI CHU NGHIA Nguyen Minh Doan Loi song theo phap Mat Xung quanh van de loi sdng ton tai nhieu quan niem khac vdi ngi ham va ngoai dien khong giong Mac du vay, cac quan niem deu cho rang: Ldi song la tdng boa nhung dang boat dgng sdng on dinh eua ngudi (ca nhan, dan tgc, giai cap, nhdm xa hgi ), dugc van hanh theo nhung chuan gia tri xa hgi nhat dinh phft hgp vdi cac dieu kien cua mgt hinh thai kinh te xa hgi nhat dinh Loi song cua ngudi la ket qua boat dgng va to chftc cfta cong dong hoac ca nhan ngudi qua trinh thich nghi va bien doi hoan canh song ma hg vfta la san pham cua hoan canh, vfta la chu the sang tao hoan canh song cua chinh hg Loi song vfta mang tinh xa hgi (tinh khai quat) the hien d toan bg boat dgng song cua cac cong dong, vfta mang tinh ca nhan (cu the) the hien d nhung hanh dgng thudng le (rieng eiia mgt ngudi hay mgt nhdm ngudi) dugc thuc hanh ddi song ngudi, the hien nhftng each ftng xft cua ngudi trudc nhftng dieu kien, hoan canh ciia moi trudng song cu the Do vay, cd the ndi: ''Loi song Id bieu hien ciia cdi xd hgi cdi cd nhdn, cho nen no CO tinh linh hogt vd ca dgng cao Loi song phdn dnh moi lien he bien chung gida cdi bien vai cdi dgc thu vd cdi dan nhdt, cho nen ngi dung vd phgm vi ciia no rgng ldn vd da tdng, da nghTa"\ Ve mat khach quan, loi song phu thugc vao moi trudng song (cac dieu kien kinh tS, PGS.TS., Trudng D?ii hoc Luat Ha Noi ' Xem: Mpt so van de ve loi song, dao diic, chuin gia tri xa hpi, GS.TSICH Huynh Khai VTnh (chu bien), Nxb Chi'nh trj qu6c gia Ha Npi 2001, tr 28-29 xa hgi, cac chuan muc, gia tri xa hgi cu the cua mdi cong dong cung nhu mdi ca nhan) Yeu td quan trgng nhat ma loi sdng phu thugc vao la phuang thftc san xuat xa hgi va dieu kien song cfta ngudi (cdng ddng va ca nhan) Tft cho thay, loi sdng la mgt dang boat dgng sdng cua ngudi, the hien dac trung rieng cua tftng cong dong ngudi, ca nhan moi ngudi Mat khac, ldi sdng cd tinh chu quan, phu thugc vao y thftc cua ngudi viec lira chgn cho minh mgt loi song, dua tren ca sd le song, thai song cu the ma ngudi dat (tinh chft quan phu thugc vao mdi ca nhan tft tinh each den nhung ly tudng song ma hg tiep thu, hgc tap, chiu anh hudng ) Cd lien quan chat che den loi sdng la le song (dao ly song, phan anh nhan thftc, sir y thftc cua ngudi ve chinh ban than cac moi quan he xa hgi Le song cd vai trd dan dat, dinh hudng tao su on dinh cfta ldi song), muc song (mat vat chat cua 161 sdng, bieu Men d chi so dap ftng nhftng nhu cau vat chat va tinh than cua cong dong, ca nhan ngudi Muc song cao la dieu kien vat chat can thiet de hoan thien ldi song), chdt luang song (mftc thoa man nhu cau vat chat va tinh than cfta ngudi ca ve sd lugng va chat Mgng cfta cugc sdng, the hien mftc tu ve mat xa hgi cung nhu dieu kien phat trien cua ca nhan), nep song (nhftng thdi quen, phong tue, tap quan, quy ude chung cua cong dong da dugc dinh hinh net van boa duge cac ca nhan va cdng dong thfta nhan, lam theo), phong cdch sdng (la hinh thftc bieu Men cua loi sdng thdng qua boat dgng va nhftng quan he xa hgi tao nen net rieng biet ldi song cfta cac ca nhan, cac nhdm xa hgi va mdi trudng sdng), NHA Nirdc VA PHAP LUAT SO 212011 moi trudng song (bao gdm moi trudng thien nhien, moi trudng tu nhien ngudi tao cac cong trinh, canh quan ngudi tao tft tu nhien, moi trudng xa hgi) Con ngudi va cac cong ddng cua ngudi luon phai tuan theo nhftng quy Mat chung cua moi trudng song tu nhien va xa hgi Loi song luon van hanh theo mgt bang gia tri xa hgi rat da dang va phong phu, dd cd phap Mat Do vay, tdn tai ldi song theo phap Mat hay ldi sdng dugc xem xet dudi giac (khia canh) phap Mat L6i sdng theo phap Mat dugc coi la nihung hanh vi thue te cua ngudi cac ITnh vue lao dgng, sinh boat, san xuat, tieu dung cac gia tri vat chat va tinh than tren ea sd cac chuan mirc phap Mat Ldi song theo phap Mat dugc hinh thanh, phat trien cftng vdi sir ddi va phat trien cua phap Mat Nd cd nhftng dac trung co ban la; - Ludn bgc Id thdng qua hanh vi cfta ea nhan, hoat dgng cua cong ddng va dugc bang chuan gia tri xa hgi la cac quy dinh phap Mat Hanh vi cua ngudi rat da dang, the Men d nhieu ITnh virc khac M san xuat, lao dgng, tieu dung, sinh boat, cae boat dgng rieng tu Mdi cong dong, mdi ca nhan thudng hudng tdi nhung gia tri nhat dinh phap Mat dugc coi la chuan gia tri xa hgi, dugc ca cong dong, cung nhu moi vien xa hgi thfta nhan va hudng tdi - Chiu sir quy dinh bdi phuang thftc san xuat va cac dieu kien sdng cua ngudi (mac du cung mgt phuang thftc san xuat, song loi song theo phap Mat cua moi giai cap cd the co khac nhau) Ngugc lai, loi song theo phap Mat cung co anh hudng rat ldn tdi sir phat trien cua kinh te, nd co the tac dgng tich cue, thuc day tao dieu kien cho kinh te phat trien, song ciing cd the tac dgng tieu cue, kim ham su phat trien cua kinh te - Cd tinh linh boat va ca dgng cao, loi song cua moi ngudi c6 dac tnmg rieng ve ngi dung va hinh thftc bieu Men Loi song theo phap Mat luon thay doi theo lanh tho, theo thdi gian va ddi vdi nhung chft the song nhit dinh Con ngudi va cac cong dong ngudi ludn cd sir thich nghi nhanh vdi moi trudng va diSu kien sdng cu the Ldi song theo phap Mat cung luon cd tinh md, luon co ' sir giao luu va tiSp biin gifta cac ca nhan, cac cong dong, dan tgc - Vfta mang tinh ca nhan vfta mang tinh xa hgi nen tdn tai ldi sdng theo phap Mat chung cua ca mgt cdng ddng (qudc gia, dan tgc, vung lanh thd, khu virc van hoa, giai cap, tang lap xa hgi) ton tai ca 16i sdng theo phap Mat cfta timg gia dinh, mdi ca nhan Ldi sdng theo phap Mat bieu Men moi quan he bien chung giua cai bien vdi cai dac thft va cai don nhit theo he thong gia tri xa hgi ma cac chuin mirc phap Mat gift vai tro chu dao - La mgt bieu Men cua van boa, mang tinh chat van hoa sau rgng, nd gan vdi he thdng gia tri van boa, "loi song theo diing nghia vd day du cua no la loi song co vdn hod hay vdn hod loi song'' Loi song theo phap Mat dugc Mnh va phat trien tren CO sd cac chuan muc phap Mat, bieu hien thong qua cac boat dgng thuc hien va ap dung phap Mat Cac chuan muc phap luat hinh va phat trien dan M chua hoan thien den hoan thien, cac chuan muc (quy dinh phap Mat) thay doi thi 161 sdng cung it nhieu thay d6i Duong nhien, cugc song ngudi khong chi chiu sir tac dgng cua phap Mat, ma cdn chiu sir tac dgng cfta nhieu yeu td khac nfta nhu truyin thong, tap quan, van boa Tuy vay, cac chuin muc phap lu^t thudng chiem uru thi ban so vdi cac chuan muc xa hgi khac xa hgi hien dai ya thudng cd sir phu hgp kha cao vdi cac chuan myc xa hgi khac nhu dao due, phong mc tap quan Xem: Mpt so vdn de ve l6i s6ng, dao dire, chuin gia trj xa hpi, GS.TSKH Huynh Khai VTnh (Chii bien), Nxb Chfnh trj qu6c gia Ha Noi 2001, tr 34 XAY Dl/NG LOI SONG THEO - Cung gi6ng nhu phap Mat, loi song theo phap luat vua mang nhftng diem chung cua nhan loai vua mang nhung dac tinh rieng ciia tftng quoc gia, tftng giai doan phat trien Kh6ng phai mgt luc ma c6 dugc 16i s6ng van minh, phu hgp phap Mat, 161 s6ng theo phap Mat hoan thien dan mgt each CO y thftc cfta moi ngudi dan va cfta ca cong d6ng Hanh vi tuan theo phap Mat cua nhung ca nhan, tap the, to chftc, nhdm xa hgi va ca xa hgi thudng dugc lap di, lap lai nhieu ian trd thoi quen cua m6i chu the xa hgi Loi s6ng theo phap Mat cMu sir chi ph6i, anh hudng cua rat nhieu cac yeu t6 khac nhau, dd cd cac yeu t6 ca ban nhu: Phuang thftc san xuat (16i s6ng theo phap Mat nhu la san pham phat trien kinh te - xa hgi CO tinh chat ca nhan ngudi Phft hgp vdi m6i phuang thftc san xuat xa hgi c6 16i song theo phap Mat nhat dinh, noi each khac m6i phuang thftc san xuat xa hgi se tao mgt 16i s6ng theo phap luat thich ftng); dieu kien s6ng (loi song cua nhung ngudi dan d thi vdi dieu kien sinh boat vat chat cao, s6ng tap trung se khac so vdi 16i s6ng ciia nhung ngudi dan song d vung nong thon, vung sau, vftng xa); phap Mat (phap Mat la phuang tien tu van cho ngudi cac boat dgng xa hgi bang each thong bao cho hg ve sir hgp phap, kh6ng hgp phap, ve cac quyen, nghTa vu, trach nhiem cfta hg, ve cac hinh thuc lien he tuang h6 gia dinh, tap the va xa hgi Do vay, neu phap Mat hoan thien, phu hgp vdi cac dieu kien kinh te, xa hgi thi 16i s6ng theo phap luat se thuan lgi va dat hieu qua cao han; cac yeu to lich su, truyen thong va cac yeu to khac (cac chuan muc xa hgi nhu phap luat, tap quan, dao dftc, tin dieu ton giao hinh va phat trien la ca mgt qua trinh lich sft lau dai, qua trinh ton tai va phat triln chiing luon chiu anh hudng va chi ph6i lan nen I6i song theo phap Mat lu6n mang tinh lich sft va truyen thong) Con nhilu ton tai loi song theo phap Mat 6" Viet Nam hien Phap Mat Viet Nam luon quy dinh: Cac CO quan nha nudc, to chftc kinh te, t6 chftc xa hgi, don vi vu trang nhan dan va mgi c6ng dan phai nghiem chinh chap hanh hien phap va phap Mat, dau tranh phong ngfta va chong cac tgi pham, cac vi pham hien phap va phap Mat, chap hanh nhung quy tac sinh boat cong cong Tuy nhien, he th6ng phap Mat chua hoan thien va viec thuc Men cac bien phap phap ly cdn co nhung ban che nhat dinh nhu chua c6 day du cac quy dinh Mat de dieu chinh cae quan he xa hgi ca ban nen 16i s6ng theo phap Mat cdn kha nhieu ban chl, tdn tai Phan d6ng dan cu d Vi^t Nam da va dang gan bd vdi nen san xuat ndng nghiep lac hau, manh mun, phan tan, vdi nhftng tap tuc phftc tap, rudm ra, vay y thftc phap Mat cua nhieu ngudi dan cdn thip, mgt bg phan dan cu chua co thoi quen s6ng va lam viee theo phap Mat, tham chi co mgt s6 ngudi cdn xem phap Mat nhu la mgt su troi huge, thudng tim each tr6n tranh, bat tuan phap Mat Thai bat tuan phap Mat da hinh va phat trien tft rat lau xa hgi thuc dan, phong kien, xa hgi da thay dii, phap Mat ciing da thay doi, nhung tinh chit ben vftng cfta tam ly phap Mat ma thai bit tuan phap Mat da trd thdi quen, da an sau, bam re y thftc cua nhilu ngudi vay, hg luon tiem an khuynh hudng tim mgi each de lan tranh Mat phap, tim each "lach Mat", tim nhung ke hd, nhung khiem khuyet, han che cua phap Mat de he ed ca hgi thi vu lgi Loi sdng d Viet Nam van cdn anh hudng cua thoi quen la ngudi quan ly thi quen lenh, thieu dan chu, nang ve bien phap hanh chinh, cdn cap dudi va nhan dan thi quen chd chi thi, menh lenh cap tren, it chu dgng, sang tao Thoi quen chu y nhieu den lgi ich cua cong dong, cua Nha nudc, cdn quyen va lgi ich cua cac ca nhan thudng bi tap the it quan tam hoac bi lang quen, bi hoa tan lgi ich chung cfta cong dong NHA NUdc VA PHAP LUAT SO 212011 Hien tugng cue bg, dia phuang chu nghTa, coi trgng tap quan, phong tuc cfta cong dong ban ca phap Mat ciia Nha nudc da anh hudng kh6ng t6t tdi viec thiet lap mgt nen phap che dan chu, tien bg, th6ng nhat Tinh chu dgng, tich cue viec sft dung phap luat, bao ve phap luat thap Chi tim hieu phap luat gap phai nhung tinh hu6ng bugc phai tim hieu Kh6ng vi pham phap luat chft chua c6 hanh vi phap luat tich circ nhu dau tranh ch6ng nhung cai sai, trai Khong thich giai quyet va kh6ng c6 thdi quen giai quyet cac tranh chap bang dudng tu phap Anh hudng khong nho den 16i s6ng xa hgi la co che "xin - cho", hau het deu phai "xin" thi mdi dugc nhirng ngudi c6 tham quyen "cho" Ca che "xin - cho" da lam cho ngudi c6 tham quyen ap dung phap luat cung tien ma ngirdi bi ap dung phap luat Cling tir do, tien, theo kieu bat tuan cac quy dinh ciia phap luat Ngudi c6 tham quyen ap dung phap Mat thi cho rang la "quyen cua minh", minh mu6n lam gi thi lam, minh cho, minh lam an thi ngudi dan dugc hudng, dugc nhd cdn minh kh6ng cho, kh6ng lam thi ngudi dan phai cay cue nhd va, van xin Tam ly tien tieu nong the hien d viec chap hanh thdi gian lao dgng, sinh boat, hgi hgp Hau het cac cuoc hgp, hgi thao, hgi nghi, lam viec da kh6ng dugc thuc hien dimg gid Hien tugng di mugn nhieu ca quan, dan vi lai chinh la nhung ngudi c6 chftc vu, quyen ban, ngudi chii tri, chu tga cae cugc hgi hgp hoac la nhung dai bieu cap tren dugc mdi tham du Tinh trang kh6ng hieu biet day dii phap luat dan den tam ly thieu tu tin cac boat dgng, lam cho hieu qua san xuat, kinh doanh thap Dieu nay, mgt mat lam giam kha nang ciia ngirdi dan viec tu bao ve quyen lgi ciia minh bi xam hai, mat khac CO the gdp phan lam tang kha nang khieu kien bira bai, khong du can cft, kh6ng diing thu tuc dan tdi bit on dinh xa hgi Tinli trang kem hieu biet ve phap luat cung de tao nen tam ly thd a, lanh dam, tham chi coi thudng phap Mat, dan den ngudi dan cd nhftng hanh vi xft sir khdng diing vdi quy dinh ciia phap Mat Van boa ftng xft phap ly khong cao, ngon ngu sft dung ciia cac ca quan bao ve phap luat d6i vdi nhung ngudi dan co lien quan d6i cdn chua phii hgp, tham chi mang tinh miet thi, day nghien hay nat no, khong thi hien dugc thai t6n trgng, kh6ng dam bao tinh c6ng bang, dan chu ciia phap Mat va thudng la ng6n ngft mang tinh xa hgi, tinh gia dinh it mang tinh cong sd, tinh phap ly chua dung vdi van boa phap ly hien dai Thong qua nhung each nghT, each lam ciia nhieu can bg, c6ng chftc cho chiing ta thiy tam ly "trft minh ra", "minh phai ban ngudi khac" Hon d day la ve mat lgi ich dugc hudng nhieu ban, ve nghTa vu, trach nhiem, thi chi phai thuc hien it ban hoac khong phai thirc hien, "minh dugc quyen nhu the" da an sau bam re vao nhieu the he can bg, c6ng chftc ciia chiing ta Nganh nao, ITnh vuc nao cQng tu dat cho minh nhung dac quyen, dac lgi ma hg cho rang minh xftng dang hoac duang nhien phai dugc hudng Do thieu di sir tu danh gia ca nhan can thiet nen nhieu can bg, cong chftc nhung cam xuc nhu tu hao, bu6n lo, xau h6 gan nhu cung khong co Hg kh6ng he thay xau h6 d6i vdi nhung hanh vi cfta quyen, nhan hoi 16, tham nhung cua minh Dan chu boa ddi s6ng nha nudc va xa hgi chua cao, chua tao dugc m6i trudng thuan lgi de nhan each, 16i song cua moi ngudi va cong dong cd dieu kien bgc 16 Ca the boa ngudi va xa hgi boa ngudi la hai mat cfta qua trinh thdng nhat de hinh nhan each moi ngudi Viec thay doi I6i s6ng, tinh cam, thai phap ly kh6ng phu hgp va tao dung, ciing c6 16i s6ng theo phap Mat dung dan la viec lam XAY DUNG LOI SONG THEO VO Cling khd khan hien nay, bdi tinh chit ben vung, bam re cua 16i s6ng cu y thftc, thdi quen cua m6i chung ta No doi hoi sy kien tri, quan tam diing muc ciia Dang, Nha nudc, xa hgi va moi ngirdi dan xa hgi vi mgt xa hgi van minh, hanh phiic Do nhan thftc vl vai tro va gia tri cua phap Mat ngirdi dan qua thap kem; tu tudng tam ly lam an nho le, manh mun, phan tan, 161 s6ng hep hdi Ich ky, thoi quen thieu t6n trgng phap Mat, ngai tiep xuc vdi phap luat van t6n tai xa hgi L6i s6ng theo phap luat chua dap ung dugc yeu cau ciia thdi dai, van cdn nhung hanh vi vi pham phap luat, pham tgi, pham trgng tgi Sy xu6ng cap ve dao due ciia mgt bg phan can bg, cong chuc nha nudc the hien d mgt so can bg, c6ng chftc c6 y lam trai phap Mat, gay phien va tao nhung bftc xuc ddi s6ng ngudi dan; nan tham nhung cang trd nen nghiem trgng ca ve tinh chat va mftc thiet hai; lang phi, thieu tinh than trach nhiem e6ng vy dan den gay hau qua, that thoat lan ve tien ciia va c6ng sftc cua nhan dan; h6ng hach, cay chftc cay quyen, vi pham quyen dan chii; bang quan, v6 cam trudc nhung dau kh6 oan uc ciia dan Trinh chuyen mon ciia cac chu the ap dyng phap luat chua cao, trinh hieu biet phap luat kh6ng phu hgp vdi boat dgng thyc hien phap luat Ky nang va hanh vi thuc Men phap luat cua ngudi dan va cfta can bg, c6ng chuc chua cao, chira thuan thuc, nhat la d nhung viing sau, vimg xa, vung sinh s6ng ciia cac dong bao dan tgc it ngudi Yeu cau va djnh huong ciia loi song theo phap Mat dieu kien xay dung Nha nuoc phap quyen 6' Viet Nam Nha nudc Cong hoa xa hgi chii nghTa Viet Nam la Nha nudc phap quyen xa hgi chil nghTa cua nhan dan, nhan dan, vi nhan dan Nha nudc phap quyen Viet Nam dirge xay dyng tren ca sd tuan thu nhung gia tri CO tinh bien, dugc thua nhan chung tat ca cac Nha nudc phap quyen Phat huy ban chat, vai trd dan chu ciia Nha nudc viec bao dam va thyc hien quyen lam chu cua nhan dan Bao dam nguyen tac Dang Cong san lanh dao d6i vdi Nha nudc phap quyen xa hgi chu nghTa Viet Nam Van dyng sang tao nhung gia tri cua Nha nudc phap quyen vao hoan canh, dieu kien cy the cua Viet Nam Viec xay dyng Nha nudc phap quyen d Viet Nam thyc chat la lam cho viec t6 chftc va boat dgng ciia Nha nudc Viet Nam dap ftng nhung ddi hdi nhat dinh ddi vdi mgt Nha nudc cua xa hgi Men dai Do la de cao phap Mat va nhung gia tri ciia phap luat, phap Mat phai c6 chat lugng, phai phu hgp vdi quy Mat khach quan, vdi tien bg xa hgi, thuc day tien bg xa hgi, dap ftng nhu cau cua ngirdi Mgi to chftc va ca nhan, dac biet la Nha nudc phai thyc hien phap luat nghiem minh, chinh xac, triet de Viec xay dyng Nha nudc phap quyen Viet Nam xa hgi chu nghTa ddi hoi 16i s6ng theo phap Mat d Viet Nam phai cd nhung thay d6i theo hudng: Vdi viec de cao vi tri, vai tro ciia phap Mat, 16i song theo phap Mat cung dugc coi trgng, de cao va la 16i s6ng van minh, c6 van boa, uu viet, cd sftc lan toa nhat dieu kien Men tai Dieu doi hoi mgi boat dgng cua Nha nudc, ca quan nha nudc, t6 chftc kinh te, to chftc xa hgi, lyc lugng vu trang va mgi c6ng dan deu phai dya tren ca sd phap Mat, lu6n phft hgp vdi hien phap va phap Mat D6i vdi Nha nudc, cac co quan nha nudc chi dugc lam nhiMg gi ma Mat cho phep D6i vdi nhan dan thi dugc lam tat ca nhftng gi ma phap luat kh6ng cam va phap Mat chi nen cam nhung gi that can thiet de bao dam quyen ty cho nhan dan Nha nudc phap quyen de cao ngudi, coi ngudi la gia tri cao qui nhat, quyen ngudi, quyen, ty ciia cong dan cang dugc md rgng, dugc t6n trgng, bao ve va c6 tinh hien thyc Mgi boat dgng, mgi CO gang cua Nha nudc, cua xa hgi deu NHA NUdc VA PHAP LUAT SO 212011 nham phyc vy cho hanh phue ngudi Vi vay, 16i song theo phap Mat Nha nude phap quyen la 16i s6ng nhan dao, nhan van Dan ehu la mgt nhftng nhu cau, dieu kien cua Nha nudc phap quyen Nha nudc va xa hgi lu6n bao dam quyen lam chu cua nhan dan, bao dam quyen ngudi, lam cho m6i t6 chftc va ca nhan deu the hien diing vi tri, vai tro cua minh xa hgi; cac quyen, lgi ich hgp phap, chinh dang cfta c6ng dan dugc bao ve Nha nudc va c6ng dan cd trach nhiem qua lai vdi nhau, t6n trgng ian nhau: C6ng dan phai thyc Men day dii nghTa vy cua minh doi vdi Nha nudc; Nha nudc phai bao dam cac quyen, ty ca nhan, lgi ich, danh du cua c6ng dan, tao dieu kien de chiing dugc thyc Men va khong bi xam hai Quan he giua Nha nudc va c6ng dan phai chiu sy dieu chinh cua Mat phap, tranh chap giua Nha nudc va c6ng dan phai toa an giai quyet L6i s6ng theo phap Mat cang the hien tinh linh boat, c6 sy tiep thu nhung tinh hoa 16i s6ng theo phap luat d cac qu6c gia, dan tgc khac tren the gidi xay dyng 16i song theo phap Mat phii hgp vdi nen kinh te thj trudng, Nha nude phap quyen va hgi nhap qu6e te Qua trinh d6i mdi, hgi nhap qu6c te, xay dyng Nha nudc phap quyen va phat trien nen kinh te thi trudng d Viet Nam ddi hoi cac chuan mirc phap Mat, 16i s6ng theo phap Mat phai dugc b6 sung, thay d6i cho phu hgp vdi nhung thay doi quan trgng ve kinh te-xa hgi ciia dat nudc xay dyng 16i s6ng theo phap Mat phu hgp vdi nen van boa Viet Nam: Dan tgc, hien dai, nhan van, cao dep, cang nhan dao, vi ngudi Van boa 16i s6ng cua ngudi Viet Nam lu6n bit nguin tft truyen th6ng dan tgc la nhan dao, vi ngudi Do vay, cac chuan myc phap Mat d Viet Nam phai c6 sy ton trgng va bao dam viec thyc Men cac quyen ngudi ve chinh tri, dan sy, kinh te, van hoa va xa hgi; xoa bd dan hinh phat tft hinh, giam bdt cac hanh vi bi coi la tgi pham; day manh viec bao ve quyen c6ng dan, md rgng tham quyen cua toa an, cac thu tuc xet xft cua toa an phai theo hudng dan gian, dan chu, chinh xac, nhanh ggn, Meu qua; tao sy hai hoa giua phap Mat vdi dao dftc, van hoa, truyen thdng dan tgc, the hien tinh nhan van, nhan ban cac quy dinh phap Mat va boat dgng phap Mat Loi s6ng theo phap Mat dugc xay dyng va thyc hien phft hgp se gop phan day nhanh tien trinh c6ng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nudc, timg budc thyc hien viec giai phong ngudi khoi nhiing muu sinh cyc nhgc va nhiMg bat cong xa hgi, lam cho lyc lugng san xuat phat trien d trinh cao, tao dieu kien cho nhiMg quan he san xuat xa hgi chii nghTa hinh va phat trien mgt each ty nhien dung vdi quy Mat van dgng va phat trien cua chung, nham dap img mgt nhieu ban, t6t ban nhung nhu cau vat chat va tinh than cua ngudi Viet Nam Viec giai phdng ngudi lao dgng phai dugc tien hanh tren nhieu ITnh vyc quan trgng nhu kinh te, chinh tri va tinh than de ngudi that sy lam chft thien nhien, lam chii xa hgi, lam chu ban than Loi song theo phap Mat cdn phai tao moi trudng thuan lgi de khuyen khich, nudi dudng va thiic day mgi nang lyc sang tao cfta m6i ngudi, moi cong ddng, ma trudc bet la phdt trien het cdi hay, cdi dep eita ddn tgc, tuc la da di den ciing ciia gid tri nhdn loqi"^ xay dyng ldi s6ng theo phap Mat nham cung cd tinh than doan ket dan tgc, yeu nudc, doan ket toan dan, yeu chft nghTa xa hgi va tinh than qu6c te chan chinh L6i song theo phap Mat d Viet Nam phai luon tham nhuan tinh than doan ket dan tgc, doan ket toan dan va tinh than qu6c te chan chinh; phat huy sftc manh ciia ca cong d6ng dan tgc, y chi tu luc, ty cudng va long ty hao dan tgc vi muc tieu dan giau, nudc manh, xa hgi c6ng bing, dan chu, van minh; ket hgp hai ^ Xem, Bac H6 voi van, nghe sT, Nxb Tac phim mai Ha Npi, 1985,tr.51 XAY DUNG LOI SONG boa lgi ich ca nhan, lgi ich tap thi va lgi ich toan xa hgi; t6n trgng nhung y kiln khac kh6ng trai vdi lgi ich chung ciia dan tgc, xay dyng tinh thin cdi md, tin cay ian nhau, hudng tdi tuong lai; kich thich su sang tao va phat triln, tao m6i trudng thuan lgi de khuyin khich, nu6i dudng va thiic day mgi nang -Mc sang tao cua m6i ngudi, moi cong ding Nhung giai phap co' ban xay dung, phat trien loi song theo phap Mat dieu kien xay dung Nha niroc phap quyen ff Viet Nam hien - Tiep tyc hoan thien he th6ng phap Mat theo tinh than phap luat ciia Nha nudc phap quyen, bao dam su phii hgp cua cac chuan mirc phap luat vdi cac dieu kien kinh te, chinh tri, xa hgi, tao sy 6n dinh, phat trien nhanh va ben vung cua dat nudc Su d6i mdi cac quy dinh phap luat phai phu hgp vdi sy doi mdi kinh te, chinh tri-xa hgi ciia dat nudc Viec hoan thien he thong phap Mat Viet Nam phai theo tinh than cua Nha nudc phap quyen xa hgi chii ngliTa ciia nhan dan, nhan dan, vi nhan dan, bao dam sy phu hgp ciia cac chuan mirc phap Mat vdi cac dieu kien kinh te, chinh tri, xa hgi, nham tao sy 6n dinh, phat trien nhanh va ben viMg ciia dat nudc - Thudng xuyen tien hanh cd hieu qua boat dgng bien, giao due phap Mat, t6 chftc thuc hien phap luat, dua phap Mat vao ddi s6ng xa hgi th6ng qua nhung hanh vi sinh boat hang ciia m6i t6 chftc va ca nhan nhu tham gia giao th6ng, gift ve sinh m6i tnrdng, san xuat, kinh doanh dung phap luat Day la cdng viec khd khan va phuc tap, ddi hdi phai tien hanh bang nhieu phuang phap va hinh thuc phong phu phu hgp vdi tftng loai doi tirgng khac nhau, thugc vao tinh hinh cu the moi giai doan nhat dinh Ket hgp bien, giao due phap Mat vai giao due chinh tri, dao dftc, van hda, tham my, nang cao trinh chung cua nhan dan Day manh boat dgng thyc THEO hien va to chftc thyc hien phap Mat co hieu qua cao tren qui mo toan xa hgi - Day manh qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, Men dai hoa dat nudc, nhanh chdng xay dyng va hoan thien cac quy dinh phap Mat de ghi nhan nhung yeu cau khach quan cua viec phat trien nen kinh te thi trudng, tao lap hanh lang phap li cho cac boat dgng kinh te dat nudc, dong thdi tao dieu kien cho su hinh va phat trien cac yeu to dong bg cua nen kinh te thi trudng, cac loai thi trudng va the che kinh te thi tnrdng dinh hudng xa hgi chu nghTa phu hgp vdi dac diem cfta dat nudc Md rgng kinh te doi ngoai, tich eye hgi nhap kinh te qude te, thyc hien viec giai phdng va phat trien manh me lyc Mgng san xuat, phat huy mgi tiem nang va nguon lyc de tang trudng kinh te Nang cao tinh hieu qua va tinh ben vung eua sy phat trien, nhanh chong nang cao ddi sdng vat chat, van hoa va tinh than cho nhan dan - Day manh viec xay dyng, hoan thien the che Nha nudc phap quyen xa hgi chu nghTa cua nhan dan, nhan dan, vi nhan dan xay dyng Nha nudc phap quyen Viet Nam thuc sy la cua dan, dan, vi dan; tat ca quyen lyc nha nudc thugc ve nhan dan; quyen lyc nha nudc dugc to chftc theo nguyen tac thong nhat tren ca sd c6 sy phan cong va phoi hgp giua cac co quan nha nudc viec thyc hien ba quyen: lap phap, hanh phap va tu phap; thfta nhan vi tri toi thirgng cua hien phap va Mat ddi song xa hgi; viec to chftc va boat dgng cua Nha nudc luon dugc thyc Men tren co sd hien phap va phap Mat; trach nhiem qua lai giua Nha nudc va cong dan la moi quan he chu dao xa hgi, the hien vai trd phuc vy ciia Nha nudc dong thdi the hien trach nhiem cua cong dan trudc Nha nudc va xa hgi; dugc xay dung gan vdi xa hgi cong dan, xa hgi dan sy; bao dam thyc hien nghiem chinh va c6 thien chi cac cam ket qudc te; luon dat dudi sy lanh dao ciia Dang Cong NHA NUOC VA PHAP LUAT SO 212011 san Viet Nam"* - Dan chil, cong khai, minh bach hoa cac boat dgng nha nudc va xa hgi tao dieu kien de nhan dan tich cyc tham gia vao ddi sdng nha nudc va xa hgi Muc tieu va dgng lyc ciia qua trinh doi mdi, thiic day sy phat trien mgi mat ciia dat nudc Viet Nam hien la dan chil, cong khai, minh bach hoa cac boat dgng nha nudc va xa hgi Do vay, phap Mat phai ghi nhan va md rgng cac thiet che dan chil, nhung hinh thuc dan chii phong phu nhan dan sang tao; day manh viec cai each bg may nha nudc theo hudng dan chft boa, cong khai hoa cac boat dgng nha nudc, cac chinh sach, phap luat vdi phuang cham: "Dan biet, dan ban, dan lam, dan kiem tra"; day manh viec phan cong, phan cap, nang cao quyen tir chu ciia dia phuang, cua cap dudi; thirc hien quy che dan chii d ca sd; tao CO che va hinh thuc to chuc thich hgp de thu hilt, tao dieu kien cho mgi ngudi, mgi tang lap nhan dan tham gia cac cong viec chung ciia Nha nudc va xa hgi Xay dyng va hoan thien ca che de nhan dan co the thy hudng va thyc hien cac quyen dan chu tren cac ITnh vyc kinh te, chinh tri, van hoa, xa hgi - Co cac bien phap phong, chong c6 hieu qua loi song thirc dung, ich ky, lam tin hai lgi ich quoc gia, pha hoai nhan each, dao due va loi song tot dep ciia ngirdi Viet Nam, dong thdi tang cudng cong tac kilm tra, giam sat va xft ly vi pham phap luat, chdng lai loi song vi pham phap Mat Xa hgi cang phuc tap, cai tich cyc va phan tich cyc luon song hanh, nhieu kho phan biet, nhat la dieu kien sy giao Mu, tiep biin quoc te trd nen khd kiem soat Do vay, cung vdi viec xay dirng mgt nen van hoa mdi, 16i song mdi thi can c6 nhung bien phap that cu Xem: "330 cao tong hop ket qua nghien cuu" cua De tai KX.04.01: "Ca so ly luan va thuc tiln v6 Nha nuoc phap quyln xa hpi chu nghTa cua dan, dan, vi dan" Chu nhiem dS tai: GS.VS Nguyin Duy Quy, Ha Noi, 2005 10 the de phong, chdng cd hieu qua loi song thyc dung, Ich ky, lam tin hai lgi ich quoc gia, pha hoai nhan each, dao due va loi song tot dep ciia ngudi Viet Nam Tang cudng hoat dgng kiem tra, giam sat va xft ly vi pham phap Mat, chdng lai 16i sdng vi pham phap Mat - xay dung va nhan rgng tam guong dien hinh ve loi song theo phap Mat xa hgi Loi song theo phap Mat dugc xay dyng tu nhung tam guong tot mdi gia dinh, tap the, cong dong Nhung tim guong can dugc nhan rgng de cac to chftc, ca nhan hgc tap lam theo Can xay dyng nhftng phong trao thi dua song, lam viec theo phap luat, tao thoi quen boat dgng song ciia cac to chuc va ca nhan xa hgi Tiep thu tinh hoa van hoa nhan loai viee xay dyng loi song theo phap luat van minh, hanh phuc - Dau tu phii hgp cho viec xay dyng nhung gia tri vat the va phi vat the eo vai tro dinh hudng cho loi song mdi nhu phim anh, cac cong trinh van boa quoc gia, phong trao xay dyng nep song van minh, gia dinh van hoa, lang van hoa - Song theo phap luat, song cd van hoa phai dugc long ghep, dugc thyc hien thong qua cac boat dgng khac cua ddi song xa hgi tren cac ITnh vyc kinh te, chinh tri, van boa, xa hgi va phai dugc sy hudng ftng cua tat ca cac to chuc, eong dong va ca nhan dat nudc - Nha nudc phap quyen xa hgi chii nghTa Viet Nam phai tao mgi dieu kien de moi ngudi dan phat trien toan dien, vdi y thftc cong dan luon song va lam viec theo hien phap va phap luat, gift gin thuan phong my tuc, xay dyng gia dinh co van boa, hanh phiic, CO tinh than yeu nudc, yeu chu nghTa xa hgi, co tinh than quoc te chan chinh, huu nghi va hgp tac vdi cac nudc, cac dan tgc khac tren thi gidi ... nudc phap quyen Viet Nam xa hgi chu nghTa ddi hoi 16i s6ng theo phap Mat d Viet Nam phai cd nhung thay d6i theo hudng: Vdi viec de cao vi tri, vai tro ciia phap Mat, 16i song theo phap Mat cung... hudng va chi ph6i lan nen I6i song theo phap Mat lu6n mang tinh lich sft va truyen thong) Con nhilu ton tai loi song theo phap Mat 6" Viet Nam hien Phap Mat Viet Nam luon quy dinh: Cac CO quan nha... hgi) ton tai ca 16i sdng theo phap Mat cfta timg gia dinh, mdi ca nhan Ldi sdng theo phap Mat bieu Men moi quan he bien chung giua cai bien vdi cai dac thft va cai don nhit theo he thong gia tri
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