Nghien cuu - Trao doi Tpp chf Cdng sdn DOI MOI CAN BAN, TOAN DIEN GIAO DUC VIET NAM TU GOC NHIN Vi MO OM Nam Id ndm thu ba ngdnh gido due vd ddo tgo triin khai thuc hiin Nghi Huyh Hdi nghi Idn thit tdm Ban Chip hdnh Trung uong Bdng khoa XI vi "Bit m&i cdn bdn, todn diin gido due vd ddo tgo" Nhan dgp ndy, chung ta cUng nhin Igi tu tu&ng Hd Chi Minh, quan ^im ehi dgo Mi m&i cua Bdng di viec lua chgn phuong dn Mi m&i^do dgc nu&c nhd cho ndm hgc 2015 - 2016 vd nhung nam tiip theo cd hi^u qua ^ Triet ly cua Chu tich Ho Chi Minh tao nghe, ddo tao dai hpe, cao dang vd teung hpc chuyen nghiep ve gido due nude nha Trudc hit, xet v i tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, ha^ ndi each khdc Id triet ly gido dye md Bdc Hd da chi cho gido due Viet Nam khd rd rdng: "Hpc d§ lam viec, Idm ngudi, lam edn bO Hpc de phyng sy dodn the; phung sy giai cdp vd nhan dan; phpng sy Td qudc va nhan loai" Ndi hdm ciia triet ly ay cho thdy ed may vin d i can quan tdm, dd la: Hpc de lam ngudi mang thdng diep ddi vdi ngudi dgy, ngudi 1dm chuong trinh day cdn chu tepng phat trien nhah each vd giao dye dao due, hinh thdnh vd phdt trien nhdn cdch cho hpe sinh vd dd ciing chinh Id muc tieu gido dye hpc Viet Nam, mpt teong nhiing yeu eau ve trang bj kien thdc cho hpc sinh ddi vdi gido due phd thdng Dieu quan tepng Id lupng kiSn thdc dua du de hpc sinh cd the ling xu vdi cupc sdng hang ngdy xung quanh, ddng thdi cdn danh thdi gian cho gido vien lam nhi$m vy gido due thdng qua viec teang bj kiin thue eho minh Hpc de lam viec ed nghia Id chiing ta can day cho ngudi hpe biet dupe y thdc tedeh nhiSm vdi viec Idm eiia minh; thdi dp dng xu vdi ddng nghi?p; Idng yen nghe, say me vdi ly tudng Npi hdm ndy thudc nhiem vu cua dao 50 s i 877 (thing II nim 2015) Hpc d i lam cdn bd ddi hdi vai ted cua vi6c bdi dudng dgo due vd ky nang qudn ly Cho dii d vj tei nao, mOt mat xich nhd nhdt ciia he thdng qudn Iy hay nhu mpt cdn bd co sd td, khom ddn phd hoac cao hon nfta ciing can dupe trang bj Iy ludn va thyc tiin de ted thdnh edn bO tdt cua dan Hpe de phyng sy giai cdp, nhan dan To qudc ddi hdi tdng cudng gido dye chinh tri tu tudng, y thdc giai cdp, due by sinh, Idng yeu nude, tinh thuong ddn, tedeh nhiem bao ve ngudi tdi, ngudi yeu thi, Hpc de ddp ling yeu edu phye vy nhdn loai Id cdn phdi phdt huy sdc mgtih ddn tdc vdi siic mgnh thdi dai nhu bdi hpc dd dupe Ddng ta tdng kit sau 70 ndm dit nude gianh dupe dpc 1|^, xay dung va phat teiin Hay tiieo nhu y kien cua nhieu tri thuc, doanh nhdn tie, budc vdo thi ky XXI vdi tic dO phdt tiiin nhanh ciia khoa hpc cdng ngh? npi dung dgy hpe phai thudng xuyen dupe cdp nh|t, dupe ung dyng cdng nghO thdng tin teong gidng dgy vd tiiyc * NGND, TS, Uy vi€n Doan Chu tich Oy ban Tnmg uong Mgt tran T6 qu6c Vi?t Nam, nguyen Thu tniong Bp Giao due va Dao t^o Nghien ciiu - Trao doi Tpp chf C^ng s d n hanh Chi nhu the ngudi hpe mdi dupe trang bj kien thdc de bd sung ted Ihdnh ngudn nhdn lyc thi mdi cd kha nang dua nude ta sdnh vai dupe vdi cac cudng qudc nam chau cdn tiiap, nganh giao dye chua ddu tu nhieu ve chit, so vdi y§u edu phdt trien cua dat nude cdn nhiiu ndi dung chua dgt, chua xung tdm vdi vaitedqudc sdch hdng dau; 2- Ndi dung, chuang dinh, phuang phdp gido dye chlm Giao due, dao tao dat nhiiu dupe ddi mdi, cham cd ke hogch timg budc tiru, song cung thn t^i khdng it bit c^p hien dai hda; chua g&i chgt dgy vd hpc vdi Quan diem ddi mdi ve giao due vd ddo tgo viee phyc ddi sing xa hdi vd lao dpng tao ciia Dang dupe thi hiOn rdteongNghj quyit sdn phim; chua phdt huy tinh sdng tgo, nang HOi nghi lin thd tdm Ban Chip hdnh Trung lyc thyc hanh ciia hpc sinh, sinh vien; 5- Chat =uang Dang khda XI: "Dii m&i cdn bdn, todn lupng gido dye, nhat Id npi hdm ciia qud trinh difn gido di^cyd ddo tgo Id dii mai nhitng gido due cd phdn hi budng long, gidm siit, vdn de l&n, cdt loi, cdp thiit, tic quan diim, teong dd dieu ddng luu y Id viec hinh thdnh tu tu&ng chi dgo din muc tieu, ngi dung, nhdn each, gido due Idi sdng, each sdng cho phuong phdp, co ehe, chinh sdch, diiu kiin thanh, thieu nien teong khu vye dgi hpc vd bdo ddm thuc hiin; ddi m&i tit su Idnh dgo cao dang Ddi vdi giao dye phd thdng thi edn cua Ddng, su qudn ly cua Nhd nu&c din de viee dgy "chft" chiim qua nhi6utiidigian, hogt dgng qudn tri cua cdc co s& gido due - teong giao dye tu tudng, dgo due, Idi sdng, ddo tgo vd viec tham gia cua gia dinh, cdng y thue ddn tpc, tu dOc Igp sdng tgo, ky ddn^, xd hgi vd bdn thdn ngu&i hgc; ddi m&i nang thyc hdnh, ky nang sdng edn qud it quy & tdt cd cac bdc hgc, ngdnh hgc" Day Id thdi gian de cdc nhd gido xu ly; 4- DOi ngu mdt van dS quan tepng dgc bipt, li§n quan can bd qudn ly gido due cdn thieu am hieu sau tryc tiip den dao tgo ngudn nhdn lyc phye vy v6 chuySn mdn vd tdm huyet, say me nghe cho qua trinh cdng nghiep hod, hien dgi hda Ddy la mdtteongnhftng nguyen nhdn chu yeu ciia nude tateongthdi ky md nang lyc cgnh ciia nhieu nguyen nhdn khac teanh cua mOt qudc gia dang chuyen mgnh tii ngudn lyc tdi nguyen, vdn, lao dOng sang tei Doi mdi giao due va dao tao tu g6c thue, tri tue, ngudn nhdn lyc chdt lupng cao nhin vT mo Ngudn nhdn luc chinh Id sdn phdm cua Tu nhiing nhdn djnh nhuteencimg vdi chu mdt nen gido dye tien tien, hi?n dgi, dgm da truong ddi mdi cdn bdn, toan dien nen gido ban sac ddn tdc dye vd dao tgo Vi6t Nam, xin de xudt nen t|p Tuy nhien, xet te^n co sd Iy thuyet he tnmg vdo mdt sd vdn detepngtdm, cdt loi nhu thdng, viec chpn vdn de cdt loi, cdp thiet sau: teong mdt co che da tdn tai nhieu ndm ciing Mdt Id, ddi mdi hay cai cdch chuong trinh khdng phai la van de don gidn Ddnh gid giao dye, gidng dgy, dao tgo phu hop vdi ve gido dye ddo tao thdi gian qua, Ddng ta yeu edu thue te co hudng tdi tuong Iai Theo ciing thda nhdn rang nin gido dye nude nhd chiing toi, chuong tiinh gido dye phd thdng cd nhung budc phdt triin, thdnh hiu dang ghi khdng edn phdi cdi cdch, chi cin c|p nhit la nhgn, gdp phdn quantepngvao imng cao dan tdt nhat.^ Bdi vi, dd la nhung vin di chung tri, dao tao nhan lyc cho cdng cuOe xay dyng, nhdt, phd thdng nhdt, gan liin vdi cuOe sdng bao ve va ddi mdi dit nude tiiudng Ngdnh gido dye nen nghiSn Nhung ddng thdi, chiiiig ta eung nh|n cuu ban hdnh chuongteinhkhung vd mdt bO thiy ngdnh gido dye dang dn chiia rit nhieu sdch gido khoa chuin Cdc chuyen gia vi gido hgn che, yeu kem vd bdt cap cham dupe khic due cd tdm huyit vdi ngdnh tu chuong trinh phyc: I- Chit luong eiia qua trinh giao dye khung cd thi viit them sdch giao khoa di giao s i 877 (thing 11 nam 2015) 51 Nghien cuu - Trao doi vien tham khdo vd day tdt hon Tham chi cdc nha gido teong qua trinh gidng day cd the tim them tu lieu tdt hon, hay hon bd sdch giao khoa chuin de dgy vdn dupe khuyen khich, miln khdng trdi vdi dgo ly, tmyen thdng, tinh khoa hpc, phdt huy nhiing gia tri cua ddn tpc, tiip thu ed chpn Ipc cdc gid tri qudc te d i hOi nhdp ed hieu qud Con bd sdch gido khoa chudn Id cdng cu day hpc co bdn ddnh cho nhung nhd gido khdng cd dieu kien ddu tu them Cung vdi cdch tiep can ndy, nhieu nhd qudn Iy gido dye da de xudt: teong ddi mdi npi dung chuong trinh gido due phd thdng "ngdnh gido due khdng nen dgy cho hgc sinh nhimg dieu minh cd, md nen dgy nhitng gi md xd hdi cdn hgc di the hi tre song tu tin, Idm viec cd trdch nhigm " Dieu edn cdi cdch chinh la chuong trinh gidng dgy d bac dgi hpc, cao dang Nhieu ngudi da cho rang thdt vd ly hpc sinh tieu hpc phdi hpc budi/ ngdy va ed cdn phdi hpc thgm budi tii; teong khi, sinh vi6n dai hpc chi hpe CO buoi/ngdy, ngodi thdi gian hpc tr6n Idp, kha ndng ty hpc ciia sinh vien kem, thu vien chi ddng vdo miia thi Thyc te ndy cd nhieu ly do, nhu nhieu sinh vien di lam them, mOt sd vui choi, lang phi thdi gian, Trong dd, teen thyc te d nhieu qudc gia thdi gian sinh vien len Idp khdng nhieu, nhung thdi gian ty hpc mdi la chinh vdi cdc cdch, nhu thdo ludn nhdm, ty nghien edu (d thu vien hoac d nhd), chudn bi bdi bdo cdo Ndi dung, chuong trinh gidng dgy edn cap nhat lien tyc thdng tin khoa hpc de ddp ung nhu can ddo tao ngudn nhdn lue cua ddt nude teong hien tai cung nhu teong tuong Iai gdn se la dieu vd Cling can thiit, chd khdng phai viec thi tuyin diu vao la vdn d i cit loi Hai Id, phdt trien dpi ngu nhd giao vd can bp qudn Iy giao due Day Id vdn d i nhiiu nghi quyet Dgi hpi Ddng da timg d i cdp din: "Xdy dung dgi ngii nhd gido de chdn gido due" Dieu ddng nghia vdi viec Dang, Nhd nude va nhdn ddn ta ludn xem tepng vai trd ciia nhd gido su nghiep gido due 52 So 877 (thing 11 nim 2015) T^p chf CAng sAn Khdng biit tir Iiic ndo vd vi ngudi ta Iai mit niim tin ddi vdi viec dgy hpc hang eua thdy, cd gido de tap trung tim kiem dO tin e|y vdo viee t i chdc thi cd Nhieu ngudi da cho ring "Cd thi mdi ed dgy tit, cd flii hpc sinh mdi hpc vd phu buynh mdi quan tam din viec hpe hdnh ciia cdi" Tu do, thi cd da ted each thue de bao dam chdt lupng Tren thye ti, chiing ta khdng thieu nhihig nha gido ybx nghi, tdm huyit vdi sy nghiep minh da lya chpn, v | y tgi khdng phdt huy dupe? ddy cd diiu cdn quan tam: Thu nhdt, cac nhd quan Iy cd that sy ndng niu, trdn tepng ngudn nhdn lyc ndy vd xem Id tdi san quy gid eua ngdnh hay khdng? Thu hai, mpt diu vao d cdc trudng su phgm chi tuyen sinh theo diem ciia cdc mdn thi md khdng chu tepng sd trudng vd Idng yeu nghe eiia ngudi hpc thi khd cd the dat yeu edu cd dupe d6i ngft nhd gido de md chdn gido dye Thu ba, nOi dung day hpc chua thiit thyc vd chua that sy hip ddn thi se khdng ed giao vien dgy gidi Thyc ti dd tung xay ra, ed giao vien day mdn Ijch su giang bai "Cudc khdi nghia Bdc Son" cdn khdng bi§t dja danh Bie Son nam d dau, doan khao sat hdi tai khdng biet, thi dupe ted Idi Id teong sach gido khoa khong cd ndi dSn Hay gidng bdi ve Chien djch Hd Chi Minh Iai chi todn neu sy kien, vd dja diem ta tdn cdng hpc sinh lam ma thudc Idng dupe! Neu bdi hpc lich su dupe thiet ke nhu chuyfn ke Ijch sd thi rdt hap din cho ca ngudi dgy idn ngudi hpc Ddy Id han che Idn md ehiing ta cdn khdc phuc Ba Id, chat lupng eua qud trinh day hpc vd gido dye Day la van dS cot loi va cung la ban chit ciia mOt nSn gido dye quoc gia Mpi su ddu tu tu chu truong, chinh sdch ciia Ddng, Nhd nude, bdn than ngdnh gido dye cho den tri tue, chat xam eung nhu co sd vat chdt, cdng nghg thdng tin chang qua ciing de cho chat lupng ciia qud trinh gidng day vd giao dye dupe t i t hon, ddp ung su mong dpi cua x§ hdi vd nhdn ddn nhu Bdc Hd da timg dgy: 'T)u khd khan din ddu ciing phdi thi dua hpc tdt va Nghien cuu - Trao doi Tpp chf c a n g s d n dgy tdtf\ Mgt khdc, qud trinh giao due ciing id tieu hpc thi Nhd nude se giao ehitieuvd ngan qua trinh thao tac ky ndng su pham ciia gido sach ddo tap khoang 50 gido vien trung hpc viSn, la qud trinh giao luu giua thiy vd ted phd thdng, 80 gido vien trung hpc co sd vd nhim dgt dupe muc tieu gido dueteongsudt 150 gido vien tieu hpc, theo dd cdc trudng su qudng ddi hpc tgp hen tiip ciia mdi pham td ehdefliituyin va smh vien sau tdt ngudi Nhu vay, van di cdn ddi m&i thicc chdtnghiep dupe phdn cdng, khong phdi thi tuyen, chinh la icu tiin tap trung vdo qud trinh gidodupe xem Id lyc lupng cdt can eua ngdnh Ty due, noi ma chuong trinh, ndi dung, phuong le cd thi la td 10% - 30%, tuytiiupevdo phdp su pham, cdng tdc chi dgo tu ngdnh yeu edu ciia tiing ngdnh, ngh6 vd nhi§m vy chuyen mdn den cdc cdp qudn ly nhd nude chinh tri hing nam Sd chitieuedn Igi cdc deu tip trung vdo day Mdt chdt lupng dgy trudng dao tao theo phuong tiiuc xa hdi hod hpc dupe khang dinh thi khau thi cu se ted vd thi tuySn cdng chdc sau tdt nghiep thdnh thd yeu; viSc td chdc thi tdt nghiep phd MOt ngudi hpc phdi thi tuyen cong chdc thdng trung hpe nen phdn cdp cho dja phuang thi khdng nen qua chutepngviOc thi ddu vdo, dudi su ehi dao cua Bd Gido due vd Ddo tao, chi cdn thi sinh dang ky, nhd trudng khdo sdt dS cae sd gido due vd ddo tgo td chuc don gidn nang khieu va ki§m tea phim chit tdi thieu nhung phdn anh dupe thye chat eiia qud trinh can thiet vdi ng^e nghiep ma cdc em dy djnh dgy va hpc d cd mdt cdp hpc Yi&c td chdc ky lua chpn Id ed tiie chip nhan dupe Ngudn thi dupe xem nhu la mdt sy kiem dinh, gidm nhan lye ehu yeu phy Ihupc vdo qua trinh ddo sdt chat lupng qua trinh day vd hpc phd ihdng tgoteongnhihig nam smh vien theo hpc dai vdi myc ti6u danh gid Igi qud trinh gido dye vd hpc hogc cao ding nhu da trinh bay dteenchu tim gidi phdp ndng cao nang lyc cho dOi ngu khdng phdi Id ket qud thi tuyen ddu vdo mang nha gido vd can bp qudn ly tinh quyet djnh Tinh phdt trien cua gido due Theo Lu|t Dgi hpc, viee tuyen sinh nen de vd niem tin vdo sy tien bd ciia tbanh, thieu cdc trudng dai hpe ty td chdc va ty chiu trach nien thdng qua qud trinh day hpc Id yeu td tien nhi6m nhu cdc nude tien tien te§n the gidi quyetteongImh vyc giao dye tiing td chuc Trudng dgi hpc tu tuySn sinh se phu hpp vdi yeu edu nhiem chinh tri aia Du thao van kien trinh Dgi hdi dgi biiu cua mdi nhd trudng va chpn dupe ngudi y§u nghe, ngudi cd nang khieu, sd trudng chuyen todn qudc Idn thd XII ciia Ddng cd neu: "Gido mdn vao cuOe nhu cdch lam cua Dgi hpc Qudc due Viet Nam phdt triin todn dien, phdt hiQ> gia Ha npi nam hpc vua qua Dd eung chinh tdt nhdt tiem ndng, khd ndng sdng tgo cua mdi la nin tang co bdn eiia viec chudn bi ddo tgo cd nhdn, yeu Td quoc, yiu ddng bdo, sdng lot ngudn nhdn lyeteongtuong Iai d mdt trudng vd Idm viec hiiu qud " Detiiychien tdt nhiem vy ndy, eachtiepcgn de ddi mdi can bdn la sy dgi hpc bode cao ding Bin Id,teongddi mdi cdng tdc ddo tgo chuyen ddi tu quan niem "Hgc mgt Idn cho ngudn nhdn lye nen chia nhieu Miu vyc de lam viec cd dai" sang nhan thuc "Hgc cd dai ddo tao Cy the, ddo tgo ngudn nhdn lyc phuc de ludn thich icng cdng viee vd suphdt triin vy eho khu vyc nhd nude thi cdc co quan nhd cua cudc sdng" Rd rang, viec diu tu xdy nude giao ehi tieu hdng nam, ti chuc thi tuyin dyng dpi ngii nha giao de qud trinh dgy hpc vd nghiem tiic va su dyng sau ddo tgo, nghia gido dye ngdy cdng mang tinh hidu qud thyc Id sinh vien dupe phdn cdng cdng tdc sau chdt mang tmh quyit dinh, khdng nen qua t|p tdt nghiep Vi du, moi nam ngMih gido dye trung ngudn luc cho cdng tdc td chuc ede 1^ cin 500 gido vien tiung hpc phdflidng,800 thi nhung hieu qud gido dye chua dap dng yeu gido vien himg hpc co sd vd 1.500 gido vien edu nhu xd hpi mong dpi.Q s i 877 (thing 11 nam 2015) 53 Nghien cuu - Trao doi pham phdp lugt nham qudn ly mdi trudng cdc KCN da dupe ban hanh, nhu Nghi dinh si 36/CP ngdy 24-4-1997; Quyk djnh sd 62/(JD-BKHCNMT ngdy 09-8-2002; Nghi djnh sd 29/2008/ND-CP 14-3-2008; Thdngtusd08/2009yTT-BTNMTngay 15-72009; Thdng tir sd 48/2011/TT-BTNMT, 28-12-2011 va mdt sd van ban cd lien quan khdc Trong dd, ndi b|t la nhiing quy dinh ve viec thdnh lap ban qudn ly cdc KCN, CO ch£ phdi hpp gifta eae bO, ngdnh vd dia phuong, cdc quy djnh ve danh gid tdc ddng mdi trudng, ket edu hg ting bdo ve mdi trudng KCN, vdn de thu gom vd xd ly nude thai tap trung, trdeh nhiem cua cdc ben quan ly nhd nude va doanh nghiep Td cdc quy djnh neuteen,budc ddu da cd sy phan cap qudn ly nhd nude v8 bdo ve mdi trudng KCN, td chdc quy hogch KCN gan vdi bao ve mdi trudng, vi$c dp dung cac bien phdp ky thuat (xdy dyng vd v|n hdnh he thdng xd ly nude thdi tap trung tai cac KCN, dp dung san xudt sgch hon va cdng nghe than thien vdi mdi trudng) da dem Iai nhiing hieu qud nhdt djnh, cdc cdng ey kinh ti (thui, phi bdo ve mdi trudng) da duoc chiitepngnhieu ban Cdng tae tea, kiem tra, gidm sdt mdi trudng KCN eung dupe trien khai hing ndm bdi cac co quan qudn ly mdi trudng da gdp phdn ndng cao y thdc, trach nhiem bao ve mdi trudng vd tuan thii cdc quy djnh phdp ludt eiia cac chu dau tu xdy dyng, kinh doanh ket cau hg tdng ky thuat vd eae co sd teong KCN Ben cgnh dd, h? thdng phdp ludt bdo ve mdi tiTidng KCN, KDT dang dupe timg budc hodn thien, cy thi hda hon, dac biet npi dung Lii|t Bao ve mdi trudng dupe Qudc hdi thong qua ngdy 23-6-2014 da quy djnh rdt ey the cdc nOi dung ve qudn Iy vd bdo ve mdi tiudng KCN, KDT Trong tiidi gian tdi, he tiidng van ban hudng ddnfliychien Ludt se tiip tue cu thi them cdc ndi dung cd lien quan de hudng ddn td chdc tiiin khai 56 s i 877 (thing U nim 2015) T a p chf C^ng sAn Mdt sd tdn tgi, bdt cap Mgt la, hang logt cdc bien phdp ky thuat teong bao ve mdi trudng KCN chua dupe triin khai thye hien nghiem tuc Trong si 214 KCN dang hogt ddng, chi ed 166 KC:N da xay dyng he thing xu ly nude fliai tap tiung (chiim 78%), 24 KCN (tang KCN so vdi nam 2013) dang xdy dyng h^ tiling xd ly nudefliditap trung (chiim 11 %), 11 % sd KCN cdn Iai dang boat dpng chua ddu tu xdy dyng h?tiidngxu ly nude thdi tgp trung Ngodi ra, hien van tdn tai sy mdt cdn dii gifta lupng phat smh va cdng suat xu Iy giua eae vimg/cdc dia phuang nen hieu qud xu Iy nude thai chua ddp ling nhu cau, vi du KCN ciu Nghm (tinh Thai Binh) phdt sinh tr&i 1.000 m^ nude thdi/ngdy, nhung Igi chua ddu tu he thdng xu ly nude thdi t|p trung, teong KCN An Hg (Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh) da ddu tu he thdng xd Iy nude tdp tnmg cdng sudt 2.000 m^/ngdy nhung Igi khdng cd ngdnh sdn xudt phdt sinh nude thdi, KCN Hda Binh (tmh Kon Tum) da diu tu hO thdng xu ly nude thdi t|p trung nhung chua cd he thdng thu gom nude thdi nen khdng thS van hanh Khdng ehi vay, viec ap dung sdn xudt sgch hon va cdng ngjie than tiiien mdi trudng ciing chua duoc chu tepng Viec trien khai xdy dyng md hinh KCN sinh thdi ciing chua dupe thye hien Hai Id, viec Qudc hOi thdng qua Lugt Bao ve mdi trudng nam 2014 Id co hOi nhung ciing Id thach thdcteongvi§c xay dyng, ban hanh va sua ddi cac van ban dudi Luat bdo dam hieu qua thye thi phap lu|t vd phii hpp vdi thye tien phat trien ede KCN, KDT Ba Id, cac quy dinh ve qudn Iy vd bdo v? mdi trudng KCN chua diy du hogc chua phii hpp vdi thyc tien phat trien, nhu: - Quy djnh vi trdch nhiem eua co quan qudn Iy cdc cip, cdc ngdnh, ban qudn Iy KCN, ehii diu tu xay dyng vd kinh doanh ket edu ting teong bao v^ radi trudng KCN; thiiu rdng budc tedeh nhi?m bdo ve Nghien cuu - Trao doi mdi tiirdng gifta chu ddu tii KCN vd chu cac CO sd san xuit, kmh doanh teong KCN; bd tri lyc lupng can bO radi trudng d cdc ban qudn Iy cdn thiiu so vdi yeu edu bdo v6 mdi trudng KCN Mac du quy dinh tai Nghj dinh si 164/2013/ND-CP, ngdy 12-11-2013, cua Chinh phu da sua ddi, bd sung mdt sd dieu cua Nghi dinh sd 29/2008/ND-CP, ngdy 14-3-2008, cua Chinh phu quy dinh vi KCN, khu che xudt, khu kinh ti, nhung van chua phdn dinh rd vaited,chdc nang qudn ly mdi trudng ciia ban qudn Iy khu kinh ti, KCN vdi cdc CO quan chuyen mdn vi mdi trudng - C^y djnh vd hudng ddn ve ddu tu ket eau hg tdng, van hdnh, tu cac cdng trinh bdo ve mditeudng,xd ly vd kiem ke chdt thai KCN; quan tiic, gidm sat mdi trudng,tiidngtm bdo cdo djnh ky ve chit lupng mdi trudng KCN chua ddy du n^n vdn xdyravi phgm ve xd thdi vupt quy chuan mdi trudng d mpt sd KCN; - Cdng tac tea, Idem tea mac du da dupe trien khai lien tyc, nhung hieu qud chua cao thim quyen tra gidi ban teong phgm vi thdng bao trudc, muc xd phgt chua tuong xdng vdi cdc hdnh vi vi phgm phap luat bdo ve mdi trudng d cdc KCN - Thye hien phap luat bao ve mdi trudng cung nhu quyet djnh phe duyet bdo cao tdc dOng mdi trudng KCN chua triet de, thieu CO che gidm sdt, cudng che thyc hien cdc ket ludn thanhtea,kiem tra - Phd bien phdp luat bao ve mdi trudng dii vdi lyc lupng chuyen mdn cua KC^ chua thudng xuyen, chua chuyen biin nhdn tilde y thue vd hanh vi tich eye bdo ve mdi trudng KCN; y thue bdo ve ^di trudng cua cdc doanh nghiepteongKCN edn kem Kinh phi ddnh eho cdng tac qudn ly va bdo ve mdi trudng KCN chua ddp irng dupe yeu edu vd tdc dp phat trien cua logi hinh kinh ti Kinh phi sy nghiep mdi trudng dupe bd tri cdn hgn chi, phdn bd cham Ben cgnh dd, cdng tdcfliuhiit cdc phin kinh ti tham gia diu tu xdy dyng cdc cdng trinh bdo ve Tpp chi C^ng s d " mdi trudng tai KCN, khu dd thi chua duoc quan tdra thich dang Cac bien phap bao dam sy hai hoa giira mdi trudng tir nhien va moi trudng song if cac khu cong nghiep, khu thi va khu dan cuMdt Id, tap trung rd sodt, bd sung cdc van ban ve the che, chinh sdch vd tang cudng thuc thi phap lugt v6 bao ve moi trudng KCN, KDT - Tiep tyc hoan thien hp thong cbinh sdch, phdp ludt ve qudn Iy vd bdo ve mdi trudng KCN, KDT; xdy dung ede chinh sdch, quy dinh, quy chudn ky thuat de qudn ly vd bdo ve mdi trudng phu hpp vdi tmh dac thii ddi vdi tiing logi hmh KCN, KDT; dgc biet ddi vdi cdc che tdi xu phgt vd cdc quy dinh Idem tra, phdt hien vi phgm; bdo ddm cdng lac tra Idem tra, xu Iy vi pham cd tac dyng cliin chinh viOc tudn thii phap lu|t ve mdi trudng tai cac KCN, KDT; xdy dyng, trien khai K6 hoach qudc gia ve Kiem sodt d nhiem mdi trudng KCN; tang cudng hudng din Idem tea, thanhteave bao ve mdi trudng KCJN - Xdy dyng cdc che tai cd tinh bdt budc cao ddi cae ehu dau tuteongviec xdy dyng cdc cdng trinh xu ly chat thdi t|p trung teong KCN, KDT; xdy dyng eae quy dinh cy thi vi an toan lao ddng va bdo ve mdi trudng ddi vdi KCN Cae sd tdi nguyen va mdi trudng, ban quan Iy KCN, sd cdng an ciia cdc tinh sdm ban hanh quy che phdi hop thyc hien cdng tdc tea, kiem tea viee tudn thu phap luat ve bdo ve mdi trudng KCN - Tang cudng tra, kiim tra viec chip hanh phap ludt ve bdo ve mdi trudng tai cdc KOI; xu ly nghiem cdc doanh nghiep vi phgm, kien quyet tam dinh ehi hogt dpng hogc cam boat dpng theo quy djnh eua phap lu|t ddi vdi cac trudng hop vi phgm nghiem tepng; thye hien tdt viec cdng Idiai thdng tin cac doanh nghi^ vi phgm phap lu|t vi bdo ve mdi tmdng So 877 (thing 11 nam 2015) 57 Nghien orii - Trao ddi - Tap trung ngudn lyc ddu tu vd van h^ih cdng trinh bdo ve mdi tiudng d cac KCN; tang cudng boat ddng gidm sat ngudn thdi cua cae KCN; tang cudng he thdng cdc trgm quan tiic lien tuc, ty ddng tgi cac ngudn thdi; diy mgnh cdc hogt ddng tuyen truyen, phd biin chinh sdch vd phdp luat ve bao ve mdi tmdng KCN, KDT - Cdng khai cdng tac bdo ve mdi trudng ciia cac KCN, cdc domih nghiepteongKCN ciing nhu cdc doanh nghiep khdng nam teong KCN teen cdc phuong tien thdng tin dgi chung, nhim tao sdc ep ddi vdi cdc doanh nghiep vi phgm, gdy d nhiim mdi tmdng vd ddng vien, khuyen khich nhiing doanh ngbiSp thuc hien tdt cdng tae bdo ve mdi trudng - Chdn chinh, ndng eao chat lupng hogt ddng danh gid mdi trudng chien lupc, ddnh gid tdc ddng mdi trudng ddi vdi cdc chien lupe, quy hogch, ke hoach va dy an phdt triSn, dac biSt d khautiidmdinh; tang cudng kiem tra sau tham djnh bdo cao danh gia tae ddng mdi trudng, bao ddm cdc dy an trudc di vao boat ddng phdi dupe xdc nhdn hoan e6ng trinh, bien phap bao ve mdi trudng Hai la, quy hoach KCN gai vdi quy hogch tdng the phdt trien kinh te - xa hpi vd bao ve mdi trudng - Bd sung cdng tdc xdy dyng vd tham djnh ddnh gid mdi trudng chien lupc ddi vdi quy hogch phat triSn eae KCN d Viet Nam din ndm 2015 vd djnh hudng den nam 2020 (theo quy dinh tai Nghi djnh sd 140/2006/ND-CP, 22-11-2006, cua Chinh phu quy djnh viec bdo ve mdi trudng teong cdc khau lap, thdm dinh, phe duyet va td chdc thyc hien cdc chiin lupc, quy hoach, ki hoach, chuang trinh vd dy an phdt triin) Quy hoach phat tiiin KCN ein gin vdi Quy hogch tdng thi phdt teien kinh te - xa hdi va bao ve mdi trudng Cdn xem xet mdi quan he, tdc dpng qua Iai gifta Quy hoach phat tiiin KCN tgi mdi viing kmh ti vdi Quy hoach phdt tiiin 58 S6 877 (thing 11 nam 2015) T a p chf C^ng sdn cua cac ngdnh kinh te - xd hOi khdc vimg Quy hoach phdt trien KCN mdi vung phai phu hop vdi diiu kien tdi nguyen, dac diim kinh ti - xa hdi, xu hudng phdt trifin khoa hpe - cdng nghe, trien vpng thi trudng thS giditeongbdi cdnh hpi nhap khu vyc vd thi gidi cdng sdu rdng, muc dO canh teanh cdng gay gdt - Khin truong nghien ciiu viec chuySn ddi cac KCN hien thdnh cdc KCN than thien mdi trudng, tiin tdi xay dyng cdc KCH^I sinh thdi Md hinh KCN smh thai khdng chi ddp dng tang ky thuat thi6t yeu, giam thiiu ngudn thdi, sd dyng hpp ly tdi nguyen vd nang luong, md cdn chu tepng hon cong tae bao ve mdi trudng sinh thai, uu ti8n quy hoach dit cho eae boat dOng nghien ciiu vd phdt trien, thu hut cac ngdnh cdng nghe cao va cac boat ddng dich vy - He thdng quan ly va bao ve mdi trudng d Viet Nam da hinh vd ed nhiing budc di dang keteongviec ddp dng yeu cau phat trien ben vung cua dat nude, dac biet sau Luat ve mdi trudng di vdo cuOc sdng Tuy nhien, cho den chat lupng m6i teudng d nhiiu KCN vin dang ed dau hieu suy thoai vd d nhiem Vi vay, cdn phdi co nhiing nghien ciiu, danh gia toan dien Iai nhiing hgn eh6 vd bat cdp, nguyen nhdn sdu xa va tryc tiep cua vdn deteende cd nhiing gidi phap thiit thuc Cac gidi phdp bao ve mdi trudng KCN chi phdt huy tdc dung thyc sy cd sy tham gia eua chinh nhftng ngudi dang sdng vd lam viec teong cae KCN, ket hpp vdi sy hd tea cua Nhd nude vd cdc to chdc, CO quan lien quan tu cap Trung uong den timg dia phuong Ba Id, thye hi6n tdt cong tdc quy hogch, bao ve mdi trudng tai cdc KDT - Triin khai Di an phdt tiiin cac thj Viet Nam iing phd vdi biin ddi hau giai dogn 2013 - 2020 dung tiin dp yd chdt lupng, nghien cuu di tung budc dua van de dng vdi biin ddi hau vdo cdng tdc qudn ly Nghien cuu ~ Trao doi phdt tiiin dd thi, nhu rd sodt Lii|t Quy hogch thi vd cac chinh sdch qudn ly viOc binh cdc khu vuc phdt tiiin dd thj vd thi mdi; Idng ghep yeu ciu img phd biin ddi hgu teong cdc van ban quy phgm phap luat ve phdt triin dd thj, ddng thdi, rd sodt, diiu chinh, bd sung long ghep ndi dung ndy vao quy hoach chung cua dd thj tepng diim (Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh, Ha NOi, Cin Tho, Hai Phdng, Dd Ning, Cd Mau) va 25 tiii cd nguy co chiu tdc dOng mgnh eiia biin ddi hdu - Xdy dyng, tiinh Thii tudng Chinh phu ban hanh Chien lupc phdt triin cdng trinh xanh; tiinh Chinh phu Nghi djnh thay flii Nghi djnh sd 42/2009/ND-CP vi phdn loai dd thi, dd Idm ro va nhdn manh tieu chuin vi mdi trudng; teiin khai Chiin lupc phdt triin bin vftng Viet Nam giai doan 2011 - 2020, Chien lupc qudc gia ve tang trudng xanh; hodn thi^n he thing phdp ludt teong hogt dOng xay dyng - Quy hogch cdy xanh d cdc dd thi vd khu dan cu mpt cdch hop lyteenco sd tham khdo y kiSn eua ngudi ddn vd cdc chuyen gia trudc dua quyit djnh Cay xanh cd vai ted rdt quan tepng teong vide Ipc khdng khi, tgo mdi trudng teong Idnh Theo tmh toan cua cdc nhd khoa hpc, mdi hec-ta riing tuang duong vdi lupng nude cua hd chua hang team nghin met Ididi; mdi met vudng cua thdnh phd khdng ed edy xanh se sdn sinh 850mg byi ban, nhung vdi mdt phd cd cay xanh, lupng byite§nmdi met vudng ehi cdn lOOmg; Iha cay xanh ed khd nang hip thy 8kg CO^ (ede-bon di-d-xft)teongmot gid, tuong duong vdi lupng CO^ 200 ngudi thdi rateongvdng mOt gid ddng hd''\ Chinh vi thi ma viec tedng cay xanh d cae KCnSI, cdc thdnh phd, nhiing noi t|p trung ddng dan cu Id mOtteongnhftng gidi phap hdng ddu de bao ddm sy hdi hda giua mdi trudng ty nhien vd mdi trudng sdng tgi cdc khu vyc ndy Tap chf c a n g s d n - xay dyng bd tieu chuan teong cd eae tieu chi ddnh gid kien tnic xanh cho cac thi, nhu dja diem xdy dyng ben vftng, khdng gian xanh, hieu qua sd dyng nude, hieu qua nang lupng, v|t lieu xay dyng, Theo de xudt t^ le ddt ddnh cho khdng gian xanh khodng 25% - 40% tdng dien ti'ch ddt timg khu vyc bao gdm ed cay xanh t|p tnmg, cdy xanhteongcdc khu nhd rieng bi?t, edytednghai ben dudng, thdm cd - Cdc td chdc, domh nghipp, dac biet la chii cdc cdng teinh, dy dn ddu tu xdy dyng KDT can cd ke hoach xay dyng hpp Iy, thye hipn cdc bien phdp nham tdi da hda viec bao ve mdi trudng Mdt sd bien phdp cd the dp dyng, nhu su dyng cdng ngh? thi cdng thich hpp nham gidm tieng dn, thdi diim thi cdng phii hop de ban che tdc dOng cua tieng dn tdi ddn cu dd thj xung quanh dy dn; thyc hien ede bien phdp che ehan cdngteinhxay dyng, vda tang tinh an toanteongqud trinh thi cdng, vua hgn ehi phat tdn byi khu vyc ximg quanh dy dn; su dung cac phuong tien vd thdi diem van chuyen rdc thai diing thdi diem de hgn eh6 byi ban dnh hudng tdi ddi sdng dd thi, Bdn Id, tang kinh phi cho cdng tac bao ve mdi trudng tai cdc KCN, KDT - Tang kinh phi td ngudn ngdn sach sy nghiep mdi trudng d dia phuang ddnh cho cdng tdc qudn ly mdi trudng KCN, KDT; khuyen khich phdn tu nhan tham gia dau tu xdy dyng ket edu ting ky thuat vi bdo ve mdi trudng vd dich vu xd ly chit thdi tai cae KCN, KDT, khu dan eu Tap trung ngudn lyc ddu tu vd v|n hdnh cdng teinh bdo ve mdi trudng, hp thing quan teic mdi trudng d cdc KCN bdo ddm ket hpp hi$u qud kinh ti va bdo ve mdi trudng • (1) Theo "Cdy xanh cac khu cong nghiep" ciia ThS, NCS Vii Thj Quyen, Pho Giam die Tnmg tam Nghien cim va Dich vu sinh v | t canh (Bio Land) s i 877 (thing II nim 2015) 59 ... ciia Ddng cd neu: "Gido mdn vao cuOe nhu cdch lam cua Dgi hpc Qudc due Viet Nam phdt triin todn dien, phdt hiQ> gia Ha npi nam hpc vua qua Dd eung chinh tdt nhdt tiem ndng, khd ndng sdng tgo cua... djnh ddnh gid mdi trudng chien lupc ddi vdi quy hogch phat triSn eae KCN d Viet Nam din ndm 2015 vd djnh hudng den nam 2020 (theo quy dinh tai Nghi djnh sd 140/2006/ND-CP, 22-11-2006, cua Chinh... Chit luong eiia qua trinh giao dye khung cd thi viit them sdch giao khoa di giao s i 877 (thing 11 nam 2015) 51 Nghien cuu - Trao doi vien tham khdo vd day tdt hon Tham chi cdc nha gido teong qua