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C Q NGHltN CllrU Li LUAN TO CHUfC THirC HIEN DOI Mtfl CAN BAN, TOAN DIEN GIAO DUG CAC MUC TIEU UU TIEN VA KHAU DOT PHA PHAM BO NHAT TIEN Hoc vien Quin li BiAe due Email phamdiitien26@gmall com T6m tit[.]
C Q NGHltN CllrU Li LUAN TO CHUfC THirC HIEN DOI Mtfl CAN BAN, TOAN DIEN GIAO DUG: CAC MUC TIEU UU TIEN VA KHAU DOT PHA PHAM BO NHAT TIEN Hoc vien Quin li BiAe due Email: phamdiitien26@gmall.com T6m tit: To chdc thuc hiin dSi mdi cdn bdn vd todn diin gido due chlnh Id dua ede chu truang, chinh sdch, nhiem vu vd gidi phdp Nghi quyet Sd 29 vdo cupc song Mac dd dd c6 chudng trinh hdnh ddng cOa Chlnh phO vd Kehoge hdnh ddng cOa ngdnh Gido due, nhung thieu mot ki hogch tong the to chdc thuc hiin cho nen ngdnh Gido due hiin dang ddng trudc mdt yiu cdu qud tdi edc cdng viec phdi gidi quyit Viic lua chon ede muc tiiu du tiin vd khdu dot phd Id hit sdc cdn thiet Bdi viet de cap den edc muc tieu uu tien xudt phdt tCf viec cdng nhdn edc yeu td nin tang eua bd kl nin gido due thdnh cong ndo Tren ca sd do, nhdn dang edc khdu dot phd vdi tu cdch Id nhdm cac gidi phdp nhdm mo mat thdo gdcdc ndt thdt cua gido due nude ta, mat khdc hUdng tdi thuc hien edc mue tiiu Uu tiin Titkh6a:D6i mdi edn bdn, todn dien; gido due; mue tiiu Uu tiin; khdu dot phd (Nhdn bdi ngdy 03/12/2016; Nhdn kit qud phdn bien vd chinh sda ngdy 10/01/2017; Duyit ddng ngdy 25/01/2017 f)at van de Ooi mdi can ban, toan dien giao due (GD) Viet Nam la mot tiln trinh lau dai, dat tam nhin den ndm 2030 Id nen GD Viet Nam dat trinh tiin tien khu vUc Cudc ddi mdi dung d i n mpi y l u td cua GD tdchUOng trinh (CT) GD, eo sd vat chat, ngUdi day, ngUdi hoe, den nha trudng, he thong GD, cdng tic quan li, md hinh danh g i l , CO che tai chinh, hdp tie qudc t l v.v Nghi quylt 29 d l de nhiem vu, gili phap djnh hudng eho viec doi mdi Chinh phu da ban hanh Nghi quyet 44 ve CT hanh ddng thuc hien Nghi quylt 29 vdi dU kien ban hanh 18 d l an de cu the hda cac nhiem vu, gi^i phap td chQc thUe hien Hien nhien, ed mot van de dat td chdc thUe hien la moi viec khdng the lam cung mot luc, nhat II ddi vdi mdt dat nUdc van nhieu han ehl ve ngudn lUe nhu Viet Nam Vi vay, viee xde dinh edc muc tieu Uu tiin Id yiu cau dau tien duac dgt to chUe thUc hiin CIn cUvao kinh nghiem qudc t l , thUe tien Viet Nam va kit qua nghien cQu cua de tai cap Nha nUde: "Binh hudng chien luoc, gili phap dot pha nhim doi mdi can bin, toan dien GD va dao tao" [1], bai viet mudn trao doi ve cac muc tieu Uu tien va khau dot phi de thUc hien cdng Nghj quyet 29 Cac muc tieu Uu tien Ba muc tieu Uu tien sau day dUOc xac djnh tren eO sd bai hpe kinh nghiem ve ba yiu tdnen tang eua bat ki nen GD cdng nao [2] fid la CT GD, dpi ngu nha giao va hieu trUdng, bd may quIn li 2.1 Cac nhd trUdng d moi cap hoc va tnnh dp dao tao cua hi thong gido due quoc dan can trien khai dong bp chuang trinh gido due theo djnh hudng phdt trien pham chat va nang lUc ngUdi hoc Hien nganh GD dang tap trung xay dUng CT GD phd thong (GDPT) sau nam 2015 Qudc hdi cung da * KHOA HOC GIAO OUG ban hanh Nghi quyet 88 ve Doi mdi CT, sleh gilo khoa GDPT Viec ddi mdi CT GD m i m non (GDMN), GD nghe nghiep (GDNN), GD dai hpe (GDDH), GD thudng xuyen (GDTX), da duac ndi d i n nhieu nhung v l co bin thilu mot dinh hudng cu the de d i m b i o ed sU gin ket vdi CT GDPT sau 2015 Vi vay, ben canh viec d i m b i o su ddng bp ve CT, giao vien (GV), thilt bj ddi mdi CT GDPT sau nam 2015, can d i m bao su dong bp ve CT GD toan he thong Ndi mot elch cu the thi khdng chi rieng CT GDPT m l todn bo hi thong CT GD can dugc doi mdi theo tiip cdn ndng luc Vdi each phan dinh mot elch tong quat bp nang lUc can cho hpe sinh va ngudi lao ddng gom: nang lUc nhan thdc, nang luc xa hpi v l hinh vi, nlng lUc nghe nghiep [3] thi can ed dmh hudng cu the eho viec ddi mdi CT GD d ele cap hpe v l trinh dp dao tao nhu sau: - CTGDfVlN phli tao diem khdiddu quan nhdt de xay dQng ki nang nhan thdc va hinh vi cho t r i va chuan bi eho trl"san sang di hoc"; - CT GDPT phai tap trung xay dQng nen tang nhdn thdcvd hdnh vlcho hoc sinh Can dQa tren the manh hien cd va k l thUa nhQng thinh tUu da dat dupe eua GDPTde tiln tdi xac lap mdi quan he can bSng giQa cac kl nang CO b i n tot ve doe, viet va tinh toan vdi cac kl nang nhan thQc bac cao nhQ thu thap va xQ If thong tin, phat hien va gili quyet van de, tQ phe phan; - CT GDNN, GDDH va GDTX phli phat trien cle nlng lUc kl thuat-nghe nghiep phu hpp vdi cdng viec thong qua mdt he thong dUdc ket ndi tot hdn giQa cosd GD vdi cac co sd khae, dac biet la doanh nghiep Phli tao mdt he thong phat trien k7 nang g i n k i t ngQdi sCf dung lao ddng vdi ngQdi hoc tren co sd cli thien thong tin, nang cao quyen tUchu nha trudng, ddng thdi nang NBHIENClAlLJLUANl cao nang luc quan li va gilng day cua dpi ngu 2.2 Ooi ngu nhd gido va cdn bp qudn licdsdgido due phdi g6m nhCfng ngiidi chuyin nghiep hda nghe day hoc vd quan li tn/i/ng hoc Luc lupng ehu yeu de thuc hien nhCfng thay ddi sau sac CT GD la nha giao va hieu trudng So vdi nhilu nude dang phIt trien khae, diem manh noi trpi eua Viet Nam tl ed chinh sleh GV nhat quan, dd xay dung dpi ngu n h l gilo v l can bp quIn li GD ludn dUOc eol la nhiem vu trpng tam viec thuc hien ele chien lUOc phat trien GD Tuy nhien, diem manh dd van bi ddng khung ele gidi han cCia mdt md hinh ddi mdi GD mang tinh chSp va trudc day BSng chQng la d cho, mac du da cd nhilu no lue ddi mdi, nhung dao tao GV d nude ta eho d i n van theo md hinh dao tao cu, da loi thdi, vdi nhQng dac trung sau dly:1/Mau hinh GVml nd hUdng tdi van la mau hinh GVtruyIn thong vdi nhiem vu chinh II truyen thu kiln thdc t r i n Ic^ hpe; 2/ He thong dao tao GV van la mdt h^ thong khep kin vdi nhutig nha trudng chuyen nganh dong khung mdt md hinh dao tao cQng nhlc, it g i n k i t vdi cdng ddng va nhl trQdng phd thdng; 3/ Qui trinh dao tao GV van la mdt qua trinh chia cSt khdng g i n bd giQa dao tao ban dau vdi dao tao tiep tue, giQa dao tao va nghien cQu khoa hoe Md hinh boi dQdng can bd quIn liGD van cd nhQng han che nhat djnh Mau hinh C8QL nhl trQdng v l co ban van la mau hinh cua ngQdi thu ddng thuethi chinh sach v l tuan thu viec thuc hien cle menh lenh tQ tren xudng Md hinh dao tao GV v l bdi dudng C8QL nha trUdng, khep kin va chia c i t ndi tren se trd rio ein chuyen sang md hinh GD md vdi he thdng hoc t i p sudt ddi (HTSD), dd nhl trudng dUOc to chdc da dang, tu chu, dan chu, canh tan va sang tao day va hoe; nha giao la nha sU pham chuyen nghiep vdi vai trd phQc tap Idp hpe, trUdng hpe v l cdng dong; hieu trUdng la nhl quIn li chuyen nghiep di dau viec ddi mdi nhim hudng tdi muc dich la bao d i m su cdng eua ngudi hpe Vi the, can xay dung va trien khai mdt md hinh dio tao GV mdi vdi nhQng die trUng mdi sau day 1/ Mau hinh GV m l nd hudng tdi la mau hinh GV chuyen nghiep cd nang luc xQ li tin cay v l phu hop trUdc nhQng tinh hudng khae vi loi ich eua ngQdi hpe va dao ddc nghe nghiep; 2/ He thdng dao tao GV phli la he thdng md, md tuyen sinh, dao tao, quan he vdi nha trQdng phd thdng, hpi nhap qudc te; 3/ Qua trinh dao tao GV phli ia qua trinh lien tuc, dd eae giai doan dao tao [dao tao ban dau, giai doan tap su, dao tao tai chQc, dao tao tiep tuc, phat trien ddi ngu, tham gia cac nghien cQu khoa hpe ve GD) nam quan he gan bd, bd sung cho Md hinh dao tao, bdi dudng CBQL nha trUdng cung can cd bUde ehuyin tuong tU vdi mau hinh hieu trudng ma nd hudng tdi la nha quIn li chuyen nghiep vdi he thong nang luc can thilt de tao nha trUdng mot mdi trudng cd ddng lUc, de thay day tot, trd hoc tot 2.3 Bp may qudn ligido due tff trung Udng den dia phuang phdi hogt ddng cd hieu qud, tao mdi tri/img phdp li thudn lai cho viec ddi mdi dgy vd hoc theo tiep cdn ndng lUc, dem lai sUhdi Idng cho ngi/di ddn Vdi tiep can chip v l cCia doi mdi GD nhQng nam qua, doi mdi quan li GD cung II mdt t i l n trinh gili quylt tdng bude nhQng van de nly sinh, mang nlng tinh tinh t h i , vi the bd may quIn li GD ciia chung ta v l CO bin van van hanh theo cache ehlhuy vd kiim sodt Ca che nly cdn nhieu bat cap quy md GD cang md rdng, eau true he thdng cang phQc tap, da dang, vdi nhQng ddi hdi cang cao ve chit lUdng, hieu q u i , cdng bang xa hdi Vl t h i , chuyen sang ddi mdi cIn b i n va toan dien GD, trude y^u cau xly dUng mdt he thdng GD md, HTSD v l xay dUng xa hdi hpe tap, nhat thilt ean mot bd miy vdi ed ehl quan li hieu lUc v l hieu qua Co che phli d i p Qng mdt y^u cau sau day dUOe quy dinh Nghj quylt Dai hdi OIng XI: "Day manh doi mdi to ehQc, eo ehl hoat ddng eua cac dan vj djch vu cdng phu hop vdi kinh t l thj trudng djnh hudng xa hoi ehO nghia Cac ddn VI nly cd quyen chQ ddng va dupe khuyen khich, tao dilu kien thuan loi de tham gia thj trudng, cung cap cang nhieu va tot hon dich vu cdng eho xa hpi, nhat la dich vu y te, GD, dao tao, khoa hpe, cdng nghe " Va nhu Nghj quyet 29 da yeu cau, can "Phan djnh cdng t i c quIn li nha nUde vdi quIn trj cua cP sd GD va dao tao" Nhu t h i Cd ehl quIn li phli chuyen tQ ehi huy va kilm solt sang trao quyin vd gidm sat Viec ban hanh Luat GDDH va Luat GDNN la mdt budc tien viec giao quyin tU ehu cho cle ed sd GDNN va GDDH Tuy nhien, hien vin edn nhilu khd khan viec chuyen cac quy dinh tren van bin hien thuc Mdt nhQng nguyen nhan co bin II tien trinh ddi mdi quIn li GD eua nUdc ta van nang tinh bio thu, bao cap, thien ve sU vu, thieu ddng bp, khdng ed dinh hudng rd rang.Vi the, d l thUe su cd mdt bd may quan li GD hieu lue va hieu qui, can cd dinh hudng cu the v l mdt CP c h i phIt triln GD phu hop dieu kien kinh te thi trudng va hdi nhap qudc te Mot each tong quit, eo ehl la CP che phdi hop giQa Nha nUde vdi cae chu the khae cung Qng va quan li GD, bao gom thi trUdng, cle co sd GD, ngudi hpe, gia dinh va xa hdi [4] Trong do: - Nha nude giQ vai trd ehu dao cung Qng va quIn liGD; - Phat huy vai trd ciia thi trUdng cung Qng GD ddi mdi quIn li GD, tao canh tranh, thuc day doi mdi, g i n mue tieu, nhiem vu GD vdi nhu cau xa hdi; - Tang cUdng quyen tU ehu cua cac ed sd GD di ddi vdi trach nhiem giai trinh, bao dam dinh hudng muc tieu, chat lupng GD toan dien theo yeu cau ddi mdi can bin va toan dien; - De cao trach nhiem eua ngudi hoc va gia dinh Sdl36-THI^G1/2at7>7 Q NGHIEN CHU Li LUAN Thdhai, the che tai chinh edn nhilu bat cap, dac viec chia s^ chi phi GD, ehap nhan canh tranh, ddng gdp y kiln cho su phIt trien dung hUdng eua GD vi biet d CO ehl phIn bo va sQ dung ngudn luc tai chinh thInh cdng cQa ngudi hoc v l su hai Idng cua ngUdi dan; cdng ThUba, ca ehl quIn trj eua ele ed sd GD van chu - Phat huy vai trd cua cac to chdc xa hdi vdi tQ each la ddi t i c tich eUc va ehu ddng ciia Nha nude phIt yeu dQng lai d mpt co ehe tU ehu tren van b i n Mdt co trien GD, xly dung moi trQdng GD llnh manh, tham gia che quIn tri thuc su phIt huy quyen tUchd cCia cae cosd xay dung, phin bien xa hpi va gilm sat thQc hien phIp GD van dang cdn chd d phia trudc rat nhilu cd ehl ed lien quan eSn thiet vSn edn dang dd, nhU eo chi hpi luat va chinh sleh GD dong trudng, ca ehe dinh gia va kilm dinh chat lupng, Cac khau dot pha eo che gili trinh, co ehe phan dmh cdng tie quIn li nha Chin nhdm giai phap Nghi quyet 29 la cle gill nUdc vdi quIn trj cua co sd GD phIp chien lude viec td chQe thQc hien CIc gili Bdi the, can hoan thien the e h l GD theo hUdng phap se dQpe cu the hda thong qua cle de I n eua thao gd cle nut t h i t ndi tren, t i p trung vao viee thUe Chinh phu va nganh GD V l CO b i n se hinh thInh mdt hi§n cle muc tieu Uu tien: he thdng gili phIp de ddi mdi eIn bin v l toan dien tr^n Holn thien khung phIp li cua GD, trQdc mat xay tdng llnh vUe,tQ viec nang cao nhan thQc den viec hoan dung va ban hinh Lult Nhl gilo, Luat GD sudt ddi; thien he thdng GD qudc d i n , doi mdi eO ehl tai chinh, Chuan hda va hien dai hda bp mIy quIn li; hdi nhap qudc t l v.v Hoan thien he thong eae eo chi, chinh sleh lien DI nhien, ele gili phIp nly phli ddng bp, nhdng quan d i n su tham gia cua thj trUdng va xa hdi khong cd nghia Id phdi trien khai cung lue Cung nhQ viec cung Qng va quIn li GD; can thilt phli xlc dinh mue tieu Uu tien, to ehdc Holn thi^n he thdng djnh mdc, ehl sd GD co bin; thuc hien can chi cle gili phap uu tien Dd la cle gili Holn thien co che, chinh sach de quyen tU ehii nha phIp hudng tdi viee thuc hien cle muc tieu uu tien, mat trudng tren van b i n dupe to chQc thUc hien tren thdc t l khae tap trung vao cle khau xung yeu eua he thdng de 3.2 Tdi cdu trOc gido due sau trung hoc theo tao nen su chuyen ddng can thilt cho c l he thdng Dd II hUcMg ndng cao ndng lUc cda he thong vd cua ede co cle khau ddt phi s&gido due sau trung hoe nhdm ddp dng mpt cdch hie Dua vio phan tich SWOT, cd the ehl khau dot qud y6u cdu dpt phd ve phdt triin nhdn Itfc, ddc biet la p h i sau day: hoan thien t h i ehl GD, t l i cd clu GD sau nhdn luc chdt Itiong cao Hien nay, co cau GD nUde ta d cap he thdng da cd sQ trung hpe (STH), ddi mdi he thdng dinh gia 3.1 Hodn thien the chi gido due theo hifcmg tao ddi mdi quan trpng Dd la viec thdng nhat GD trung cap hdnh long phdp licho viec thdc hien ca che trao quyenchuyen nghiep va day nghe mpt khdi, t r i lai tinh vd gidm sdt, phdt huy vai trd cda edc chd the chinh the cQa nd mdt khung phap li thdng nhat cung ufng vd qudn li gido due, tren ca sd ddm bdo vaila Luat GDNN Tuy nhien, ben canh mat dUoc dd, Luat trd chu dao cua Nhd nWdc vd gid vitng dinh hudng xdGDNN lai de doa tinh chinh the cua he thdng GDDH tich trinh dp cao ding khdi GDDH, di ngupc vdi thdng hdi chQ nghia phdt trien gido due le qudc te Dieu gdp phan lam tang them tinh phan Den nay, xet ve phuong dien khung phIp li, k l tQ tan, chia cIt va khep kin cua GD STH, eIn trd bUde ban hinh Luat GD vao nam 1998, chung ta da ed chuyen sang he thdng GD md them Luat GDDH va Luat GDNN Mdt khung phap li nhQ Bencanhnutthltvecoeauhethdngddllnutthit vay ehi cd the phu hpp vdi mdt he thdng GD edn nhd ve ve chat luong va hieu qua dao tao cua GD STH TrUdc quy md, tinh phQc tap eua he thong chua cao, ele chinh yeu cau chuyen doi md hinh tang trudng cung vdi y&u sleh GD chUa da dang Trong dd, he thdng GD ma cau gia tang ve canh tan va cac ki nang trinh dp cao, GD chung ta ed da da dang hOn trUdc rat nhieu STH, dac biet II GDDH dang bpc Id nhieu han che tren tren mpi chieu eua nd He thdng ddi hdi phli ed phuong dien sau: 1/ Ca quy md v l cP cau dao tao deu mdt he thdng phIp luat day du hon vdi nhQng van bin chua tinh tdi quy luat cung-eau cua thj trUdng lao ddng; luat mdi cho nhQng linh vUc khdng the cdn tilp tuc dUOc 2/ Van keo dai tinh trang dIo tao thieu hut kl nang va dieu chinh bang cac van ban dudi luatTuy nhien, dieu thilu hut lao ddng ed tay nghe mot sd nglnh cu dang quan tam hon c l la sU hinh edc ndt thdt the the trudc yeu cau hdi nhap va canh tan cua nen kinh te; che GDnudcta 3/Tinh trang mat cdng bing xa hpi v l GD t h i hien manh Thii nhdt, the che quIn li nha nude ve GD cham nhat d GDDH; 4/Ddng gdp han c h i va kem hieu qui cho ddi mdi trudc su phat trien phQc tap va da dang cCia he nghien cQu va phat trien Nhu the, xet tQyeu cau ddt pha thdng GD Du da cd nhQng ddng thai mdi ddi mdi phIt trien nhan luc, thi chat lupng dao tao cua GD eo che phat then GD, nhung thQc te ddi mdi the che GD STH la mdt nhQng han ehl anh hudng d i n sUphIt d nQdc ta da dien cham chap v l ch^p v l , phan tan ve trien kinh te va nang cao nang lUc canh tranh qudc gia Cung vdi nhQng han ehe ndi tren thi van de cIn quyen lue va thilu trach nhiem td chQc thQc hien, tiep tuc thao gd hien II d coeau nha trudng STH, nOi vdi rat nhieu rao cIn ve tU duy, nhan thQc va loi ich 8