CONG NGHE DAY HOC HOC TAP Dl/A TRlN VAN Cl MOT CHIEN LirOC DAY HOC Ki THUAT HIEU QUA Nguyen Thj Hirong Lan Trudng Dgi hgc An ninh Nhdn dan SUMMARY This paper discusses the suitability of problem based[.]
CONG NGHE DAY HOC HOC TAP Dl/A TRlN VAN Cl: MOT CHIEN LirOC DAY HOC Ki THUAT HIEU QUA Nguyen Thj Hirong Lan Trudng Dgi hgc An ninh Nhdn dan SUMMARY This paper discusses the suitability of problem-based learning to meet the learning styles ofengineering students, which proposed building lessons based on problem-based learning in teaching techniques Td khda: Problem-Based Learning IVgdy nhdn bdi 18/5/2014, ngdy duy^l ddng 23/5/2014 Gidi thifu PBL ed thl dupe stt dyng nhilu hinh thttc Trong gido dye dai hpc ndi ehung va dgi hpc kT day hpc khdc nhau, chlng hgn nhu hudng ddn nhdm thu$t ndirifing,phuong phdp dgy hpc cua gidng vien nhd, bdi gidng dua trgn vdn dg, phuang phdp thdo mdi bdi lgn Idp cin dinh hudng vdo viee giup ludn nhdm, boat ddng thi nghifm dya tren van de sinh vien nim vttng kien thue chuygn mdn, ddng thdi Tuy nhien, nd duge stt dyng phd bien nhat ede hinh thdnh tu sdng tgo vd khd nang giai quylt hoat ddng nhdm nhd Bdn ehdt cua PBL bao gdm ba nhQng van dl thudc chuyen ngdnh dugc dao tao bude: ddi dau vdi van de, tham gia nghien cim dpe thyc tiln nghl nghifp De dap ttng duge vdn lap, trd ve gidi quyet van de dl dd thi vigc lua chgn, thiet ke cde boat ddng hpc Trong hpe tap theo nhdm, sinh vien phdi xdc t^p edn phdi phu hgp vdi khd ndng, sd thich vd phong dinh nhttng gi hp dd bigt, nhtmg gl hg can biet, Idm cdch hge t|p ciia sinh vign, tgo dieu kign eho hp ty Ihl ndo vd d dau dg tim kiem thdng tin mdi, lap ke minh vd edng vdi ede bgn hpc khdc Iham gia vao vi?c hC'ach, xdc djnh phuang dn din dgn gidi quyet van gidi quylt vin dg mpt cdch chu dpng vd ed y ngliTa de Giang vien ddng vai trd Id ngudi td chttc, hudng oh gidi quylt duge van de ndy, ein cd mpt chign lupc d^n, tao dieu kipn hpc tap, hd trg va gidm sdt qud dgy hpc hifu qud vi?c thiet ke day hpe phii hgp trinh hpc tap Gidng vign phdi xdy dyng d sinh vien vdi phong edeh hpe tgp cua sinh vien kT thuat giup Id lg tin dg gidi quyet van de, khuygn khieh hg, gidng vign giai quygt cdc vin dl ngu trgn Id vdn dg dd khgo Igo md rpng sy higu bigt cita hp cin dupe quan tdm vd nghien eiru 2.2 PBL vdphongcdch hgc tgp ki thufit N$idung Khi nghien cttu vg phong cdch hpe tap, Kolb tin 2.1 Khdi qudt vi hgc tpp dfra trin vdn di (PBL) ring, phong cdch hpe tap eua mdi ngudi la ket qua ttt PBL Id mpt chien luge hge t$p tiep can dya tren mpt tuong tdc giii^ dac diem bgn mdt cd nhdn van dl gido dye, Idy sinh vien lam trung tdm, vd mdi trudng, hoan eanh ben ngoai ciia hp nhim thu sinh vign hpe bing cdch tich eye gidi quyet vdn de nhan vd xu li thdng tin edc tinh hudng hpc tap chtt khdng phai bing cdch hip thy thdng tin mpt edeh 6ng xde dmh bdn phong each hpc tap ca bdn: thy ddng Trong dgy hpc, mgt vdn de dugc stt dyng /- Phdn ky - Tigp can hpe tgp giau tudng tugng nhu diem khdi ddu eho vi^c hpc tap eua sinh vien vdi nhdn thttc vg y nghTa vd gid tri ciia sy viec Theo Barrows vd Tamblyn (1980): PBL Id viec hoc 2- Ddng hda - Khd ndng lap luan quy ngp vttng Idp md kit qud cda qud trinh ldm viec hudng Idi sy chic vd kha nang tgi cae md hinh li thuyet hieu biet hay gidi quyet mgt vdn de Vdn de duoc ddt 3- Hgi tu - Kha nang giai quyet vin dl, dua ra ddu lien irong qud trinh hgc lgp [2] quylt djnh va dp dyng thyc tl cdc y tirdng 4- Diiu ung - Khd ndng triln khai hieu qua kl Cd thg hieu mdt edeh khdi qudt: PBL Id mgl mdi trudng suphgm Idy sinh vien ldm trung tdm hogch va thieh khdm pha cde kinh nghiem mdi Kolb cung eho ring, phong each hpc tap cua sinh vientimhiiu mgt chd de hgc tgp thdng qua viec gidi quyet vdn de cd tinh chdt thyc tien nghi nghiep mdi ngudi dupe djnh hinh qua eac irai nghifm giao theo cd nhdn hope nhdm PBL gidp sinh vien phdt dye thdng qua kT nang hpc tap rieng bigt eua mdi cd then kiin thue linh hogt, kp ndng gidi quyet vdn de nhan, vd sy hudng ddn hpc sinh cdch hpe tgp cua hifu qud khd ndng ty nghien cuu phdt trien ky ndng gido vien Q gido dye tigu hpc thi gido dye mang tinh tdng qudt nhung din trung hpe thi sy chuygn hgp tdc vd rin luy?n phong cdch hgc lgptichcirc TAP CHi THlfTBJGlAO DMC-sd 106-6/2014 • 53 HE Mim mdn hda ngdy cdng tdng, vd trd ndn rd ndt nhit giao dye dgi hpc va nghl nghiep cde ed nhan lya chgn chuong trinh gido dye dua tren thl mgnh, sd thieh cua minh Theo dd, nhiing ngudi thudc chiQ'en ngdnh khoa hpc xa hOi nhu nghg thudt, ehfnh tri, tdm If, tilng Anh, xu hudng ed phong cdch hpc tap phdn ki, nhQng ngudi lam viec ITnh vuc trim tuong va dp dung nhu Vgt If, kT thugt thuong cd phong each hge tap hdi ty, Nhttng ea nhan ITnh vyc quan li, kinh doanh xu hudng ed phong cdch hgc tap digu ttng, vd phong cdch hpe tgp ddng hda eho nhttng ngudi ITnh vye kinh tl, todn hge, xd hgi hpc, hda hgc, 2,3 Gidi phdp xdy dung bdi gidng dua vdo PBL dgy hgc kl thugt Hogt dpng PBL bit dlu vdi mgt van dg xudt hien ndy sinh nghe nghiep nhu la mpt ddng lyc cho qud trinh nhan thttc thdng qua lam viee nhdm hodc cd nhdn Kjch bdn eho PBL ngn la eac tinh hudng cd vdn dl phttc tgp, mau thuIn, cdu dd, cdc quyet dinh hodc edc trudng hgp ttt kinh nghigm thyc tl ddi hdi phai cd ky ndng co ban, kha nSng thu thgp thdng tin va phdn dnh cua mdi sinh vien Md hinh xay dyng bai giang dya vdo PBL dugc minh hga hinh Hb IFQ v i Slim s i i ^-z r I • z.-z.-z.-zszszr-^^l SinhliuinD iiSgchuin "•! ddnXgiJ ] N Trurchlgn ' T h ^ hi^n k l hof ch \ ^ k4 hogch ^ L _^ _^ _^ ^ / ^ roanhglSg.ilph^pidkSl quSgiaiQuyll-lnflS Hinh I: Mo hinh xay dung bdi gidng dua vdo PBL Theo hinh I, md hinh PBL md td hoat ddng cua giang vign va sinh vien thdng qua bdn giai dogn bao gdm: Tao tinh hudng cd van de, lap ke hogch giai quylt tinh hudng, thye hien kl hogch, kilm tra va tdng ket Giai dogn I: Tgo tinh huong co vdn de - Gidng vign neu vd dua sinh vign vdo tinh hudng ed vin dl Djnh hudng dl sinh vign phdn tieh vd nhan biet vin de can gidi quyet tinh hudng, Giang vien cd thl bit ddu bing mgt cdu ehuyen eua 54 • TAP CHi THIFTBI GIAO Dgc-sd - / mdt sy kidn thyc tl ho$c tinh hudng, dd gidng vien vd sinh vidn ci^g xem xdt, thdo lu§n vd dl xuit cac gidi phdp cho mgt tinh hudng thyc te Cdc tinh hudng cd van de nen dugc trinh bdy theo hudng md, tiln thodi ludng nam ho?ic cdu dd - Sinh vign dpe vd phdn tfch ede kich bdn va tinh hudng, dim minh nhttng edu chuygn, ty kilm tra su higu biet eiia bgn ve tinh hudng Qua dd dua phdt bieu ehfnh xde vl van de edn giai quylt tinh hudng de bit dau suy nghT vd tim kiem th6ng tin Giai dogn 2: Lgp ke hogch giai quyet tinh hudng - Giang vien phdi Id ngudi hieu rd trinh dd hi§n cd cua sinh vien, ttt dd dinh hudng ede kiln thttc, ky ndng, kinh nghipm cua ngudi hpc, ggi md dl ngudi hpe dua y tudng, gid thuyet khoa hge de giai quylt vin dl Cdch thttc thyc hign tdt nhdt Id hay xudt phdt ttt tinh hudng ed vin de, bdy ehi hudng md, cd thl tdn tgi nhieu gidi phdp de gidi quyet vin dd dd, dilu md sg ggi nhthig y tudng vd gdp y khdc cho hdnh dpng - Sinh vign xdc djnh danh sdch kiln thttc, kj ndng, kinh nghiem bao gdm danh sdch nhung gi da bigt, danh sdch nhthig gl ehua rd, lidt kg diy du nhttng gi can phdi thye hlpn, Sinh vien nen tgo mOl danh sdch tit ca kinh nghiem da bilt vd cdc thdng tin lien quan din gidi quylt vin dg md khdng can phdi tiln hdnh nghign cttu vdo thdi dilm ndy Qua dd, chuin bi mpt danh sdch ede edu hdi md bgn nghT ring ein phdi dugc tra Idi dl gidi quylt vdn dl Nhttng edu hdi ndy sinh vidn ed thl ty tim kilm edu tra ldi thdng qua Internet, thu vifn, gido trinh ho$c cdc ngudn thdng tin khdc Sinh vien xdy dung kl hogch dg nghidn cttu van de, boat dpng ndy cd the bao gdm phuong thttc van dap bing cau hdi, nh^n thdng tin ttt Internet, truy cap vdo thu vipn, de tim kilm eau tra ldi cho ede edu hdi: giai dogn ndy, nlu ldm vipe theo nhdm thi ngn phdn chia nhifm vy edng vif c cho mdi thdnh vign Ttt dd, dl xuit y tudng, gid thuylt khoa hpc cho nhttng gi ban dang cd ging d6 gidi quylt vdn dl Nlu mpt vin dl qud phttc tgp, sinh vien ed thl phai xdy dyng y tudng, gid thuylt khoa hpe eho tttng bude, thye hien xong bude thtt nhit sg phdt hign dugc nhQng thdng tin mdi Idm co sd cho viec xay dyng y tudng thye hien bude vd cdc bude sau dd Giai dogn 3: Thyc hien ki hogch - Trong giai doan ndy, sinh vien ty thyc hi?n kl hogch da xay dyng dudi sy hudng ddn, gidp dd vd gidm sdt cua gidng vien Sau qud trinh thye hifn kl (Xem tiep trang 59) CHUYEN BE GIAO DUC PCMT 111 Kit luan Trong tinh hinh hien nay, te ngn ma diln biln vd cttng phuc tgp, nd khdng ehi htty hogi sttc khoe, din sdng vdt chit vd tinh thdn ctta ban thdn ngudi nghifn, ngudi nhilm bf nh md edn gdy tdc hgi nghigm trpng din nhilu m§t ddi sdng kinh tl, vdn hda, xa hpi- Do vgy, cdc cip qudn Iy giao due, dpi ngu GV vd todn xd hpi phdi nhdn thttc ddng din vl vj tri vd tim quan trpng cua boat dpng gido due phdng ehdng cde tf ngn ndy Thye hifn t6t vifc gido dye phdng, chlng ma ttty sg tgo mdi trudng gido dye an todn, ldnh mgnh, ndng cao chit lugng edc hogt ddng gido dye nhd trudng Vifc nhgn thttc dung sg gidp cho cdc cdp quan ly cd sy dlu tu de chi dgo hoat ddng nhd trudng, thyc hien mpt cdch linh hogt, khdo l^o, sdng tgo cac bifn phdp qudn iy phtt hgp vdi dieu kien cua ttmg trudng, tttng dja phuang, gittp ddi ngu GV cd thai tieh eye tham gia cdc hoat dgng gido dye, gdp phdn cttng vdi nha trudng thyc hifn tdt mue tieu chung "xd hdi khdng ed ma ttty" Giao due phdng, chdng ma ttty la ndi dung gido dye khdng phdi Id mdi, nhung t^ Id ddi hdi cua xd hdi, cua thyc tiln cdn phai thue hifn cde nhd trudng Trong nhigu ndm qua, hogt ddng gido dye phdng, ehdng ma ede trudng hpc dd gdp phin to Idn vdo vifc thyc hifn muc tigu gido due toan dign, timg bude ndng cao nhdn thttc dung din eua HS trudc nhttng vin 4k lign quan din eac tf nan ndy Tdi ligu tham khao Bdo cdo vl boat dfng phdng chdng ma tiiy tai hpi nghj cua ngdnh gido dye vd dao tgo ndm 2014 Sd lifu vl PCMT cua cdc Uordng hgc Trang Wesbiest eua trudng trung hgc phd thdng Trudng Thi, Thanh Hda imiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii H O C T A P D l f A T R E N V A N B E mip