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NGHIEN Ctru & UNG DUNG VAN DUNG PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC DUA TREN VAN DE PBL vAo DAY HOC MQT SO KIEN T H C C PHAN LUONG TCT ANH SANG PGS TS Trdn Huy Homing, Ofi Th! Thanh Phirsng Trudng DHSP BH Hui SUMMARY[.]
NGHIEN Ctru & UNG DUNG VAN DUNG PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC DUA TREN VAN DE - PBL v A o DAY HOC MQT SO KIEN T H C C PHAN LUONG TCT ANH SANG PGS.TS Trdn Huy Homing, Ofi Th! Thanh Phirsng Trudng DHSP- BH Hui SUMMARY Problem-based learning (PBL) is a modern teaching methods in accordance with the requirements of the current education PBL is a learner-centered teaching method, encourage selflearning, promote positive, proactive, creative for learners, particular, PBL focuses on promoting the necessary skills for modern life, such as teamwork, present to the crowd In this paper, we will apply PBL in the chapter "quantum optics " of 12th Physics textbook Tir khda: Problem-based learning; "Quantum optics "; Teaching methods Ngdy nitpn bdi 20/4/2014, ngdy duypt ddng: 25/4/2014 Phinmg ph^p day hgc d y a tren van de -PBL I.I Khdi nipm Tir kit qua nghign ciiu cua Barrows, Kelson, Bond va Henk Schmidt, PBL la phuong phap day hgc lay van de lam diem khdi dau, va van dg se digu khien qua trinh hgc tap ciia ngudi hgc Van de dugc chgn la van dg thyc tdn tai cugc sdng, ddng thdi cd lien quan den chuong trinh hgc Van de phai kfch thich dugc himg thu cua ngudi hgc Van de se dugc giao trudc ngudi hgc dugc tiep can cac kign thirc mdi, qua thao luan lam viec nhdm de giai quyet van de, ngudi hgc se chii ddng ITnh hgi eac kien thiic cdn thiet, ddng thdi ren luyfn dugc kT nang phan tfch van de, tim kiem va sii dung cac ngudn tu lifu, dua cac giai phap giai quylt van dg cung nhu kT nang lam vifc nhdm 2.1 Md hinh dgy hpc dua trin vdn dePBL Co rdt nhilu md hinh PBL dugc cac nha giao due tren the gidi dua nhu: James Busfield va Ton Peijs; Barrows, Greewald, Barett; Dr George Watson, nhung nhin chung thi cd cac bude sau: • Bude 1: Ddi mat va xac dinh van de • Bude 2: Thao luan phan tfch van de TAP CHI THI^ BI GIAO PgC- 5(5 105 - 5/2014 • Bude • Bude ca nhan • Bude • Bude 3: Lap ke hoaeh giai quyet van dl 4: Xac dinh va hoan bai tgp 5: Bao eao bai tap ca nhan 6: Tgp hgp thdng tin, giai quyet van dl • Bude 7: Tong ket, danh gia qua trinh giai quyet van de Can cii vao eau tnic PBL va ndi dung dgy hgc, chiing tdi de xudt mgt so thye hifn day hgc theo PBL nhu sa d6 (trang 39) iTng dung PBL vao day h^c mgt so kien thirc phan luyng ti^ anh sang Bk cd the tien hanh day hgc theo PBL, tnrdc tign ta phai thiet ke dugc van dl cho khda hgc, van de dua phai lien quan din thyc t l va tat nhien phai lien quan den ndi dung kien thiic dgy hgc Van dl cd the la mgt sy kifn, hifn tugng xay quanh chung ta hogc la cac sy kifn dugc xa hgi, thl gidi quan tam Qua tim hieu, chiing tdi thdy cd the lay vdn de "Lam the nao dl may tfnh cam tay hogt dgng dugc?" Ke hogch hudng ddn hpc sinh (HS) gidi quyet vdn di Tien trinh hudng dSn HS giii quylt van dk sS thyc hifn theo tiln trinh bude nhu md hinh da trinh bay d trgn NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG NHAN BifiT VA PHAN TtCH VAND6 XAC BINH NOI DUNG VAMUCntUDAYHOC T H i ^ K£ VA GIAO VAND£ GIAIQUYiTvANDfi NHANX^DANHGIA TIM KICM TH6NG TIN TRtNHBAV.PHANTfCH THfiNG TIN vA Dl/ lOfeN GIAI PHAP C H O V A N D S XAC DtNH, THIJC HifN MUC TlfiU vA NHigM VU CU "mt T6NGHOP-SOSANH DUA RA GIAI PBAP T T TIIUCII]$NGIAIPHAP • Birdc 1: Nhdn biet vdphdn tich vdn de HS tdm tdt lai vdn de: Cdn phai tim nguyen tac hogt ddng va giai phap tao ngudn cho mdy tinh cam tay Nhung tir khoa cdn phai dugc lam r6: nguygn tdc hogt dgng may tinh edm tay, va qua trinh tgo nguon Sau HS thao lufin v l nhOng cdch thirc tao nguon cho may tinh cam tay, GV tong hgp dira bg cau hdi djnh hudng (CHDH) sau: Dinh hudng 1: tir nhirng trdi cdy co thien nhien, ta co the tgo ngudn cho mdy tinh edm tay khdng? Cd nhirng logi trdi cdy ndo tgo dugc pin? Dinh hudng 2: Hp thdng kien thue da dugc hpc tir trudc tgo ngudn pin tie cdc dung djch hoa chdt dtrgc khdng? Dung dich hoa chdt phdi ddp ung yeu cdu gi? Dinh hudng 3: Tie nhirng kiin thue da dupe hpc vd hda chdt sdn cd phong thi nghiem hoa, ldm thi ndo tgo rapin nhd gpn, an todn? HS sg tiep tuc thao luan v l cac dinh hudng, xdc djnh nhihig thdng tin can phai biet v l van dl va ve cac CHDH • Bude 2: Tim kiim thdng tin Ca nhdm sg tien hanh tim kiem thdng tin dl lam rd nhOng khai niem xudt hifn vdn dl, cung nhu bg CHDH nhu: nguygn tdc hogt dgng may tinh cam tay, qud trinh tao nguon cho may tfnh tir qua chanh, pin Vdn - ta, pin La - clan - sg (Leclanehe), pin quang trd va tat ca nhiing thdng tin cd thl tim kilm dugc v l tgo pin cho may tinh cam tay GV hudng dan kien thue lign quan den CHDH, cd the cung cap cac dia chi web, tgn sach v l tao pin giiip HS d l dang tim kiem GV chi ngn cung cap HS ygu cdu Vifc chii dgng tim kiem GV sg giiip HS thu thap dugc thdng tin nhieu hon, chi tiet hem la dugc GV cung cdp dia chi • Bude 3: Trinh bdy vd phdn tich thong tin Vdi cac thdng tin thu thgp duge, cae ca nhan sg idn lugt trinh bky trudc nhdm, ca nhdm ciing thao lugn phan tfch thdng tin cua tiing ca nhan bude GV ed the dua nhOng CHDH giiip HS d l dang lya chgn thdng tin dung v;i can thiet de giai quyet van de (GQVD) • Bude 4: Xdc dinh vd th{K hipn muc tieu, nhipm vu cu thi Sau hoan bude 3, nhom phai tim hieu, phan tfch kT nhung thdng tin da thu thgp dugc, nhihig nguyen ly, cac bude ehl tao pin Cac ca nhan dugc phan cdng vifc, nhifm vy theo ban kg hoaeh va phai hoan cdng vifc ciia minh diing thdi han • Bude 5: Tdng hpp - So sdnh Cac ca nhan hoan nhifm vy cua minh, ca nhom dua san pham vl UDKT Cac san pham se dugc so sanh vd tong hgp de tim dugc san phdm thda man yeu cdu vdn de dat Neu nhihig kiln thue ca nhdm thu dugc giai thich thoa dang cac CHDH thi cac kien thiic sg dugc tdng ket lgi dl cac vien trao doi tilp thu kiln thirc Vifc quan trgng nhdt la vdi cdc kiln thdc da tilp thu dugc, ca nhom phai vgn dung dl GQVD cua khoa hgc N I U HS g$p khd khan thi GV se tilp tyc cung cap CHDH de ea nhom ciing thao Iu§n, nghien ciiu TAP CHi T H I ^ B| GlAO OgC - S6 105 • 5/2014 ' Ill NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG Dinh hudng 4: Di hodn thdnh pin cho mdy lam cho tfnh thy ddng mat dan, HS ciing tinh cam tay, thi cdn bao nhiiu vdn? Ldm ty tin han lam ldp hgc trd nen sinh dfng Qua thiet ki pin that nhd, gpn, de thiet ki vd tgn do, tinh thdn doan kit cua HS dugc nSng cao dung dugc ndng lugng ttr nhien Id tdi uu nhdt? HS eiing biet hgp tac vdi dat hieu qua cao Ket qua lam vifc va cac cau tra Idi cho cdng vife GV da giao CHDH se dugc ghi vao bien ban nhdm de nhdm K^t lugn soan thao bai bao cao trudc ldp Bai bao cao Vife ling dyng phuong phap day hgc dya phai dgt duge nhimg yeu cau eo ban nhu: nhdm tren van dg se gap nhieu khd khan nhieu nhihig da lam rd dugc nhiing khai nifm, nguyen ly, nguygn nhan khae nhau, tim dugc phuong phap djnh luat gi dl GQVD? Bai bao cao phai tra ldi rd rang cac cau hdi dinh hudng Quan trgng nhdt day hgc dap iing duge eac yeu eau dat ciia nln la giai phap cho van de la gi? Nhihig kien thiic giao dye hifn dgi da khd, iing dung cong vl mdn vat ly da tiep thu duoc GQVD la gi? phuong phap lai edn khd hon Dieu phv Ngu sau tdng ket cac ket qua nghign cim cda thudc rat nhieu vao sy day cdng nghien cim ciia ea nhdm nhung khdng the tra Idi, cung nhu giai giao vign Giao vign cdn phai kign tri, bin bi va thieh rd rang cac CHDH thi ca nhdm phai quay khdng ngimg co gdng Neu iing dung cong lai bude de thu thap lai thdng tin Neu HS ggp phucmg phap thi se mang lgi hifu qua cao khd khan, GV cd the dua ggi y, hogc nhiing vife ren luyfn cac kT nang sdng cho hgc dia ehi ey the dl HS de dang thu thgp tai lifu sinh, va dgc bift la kha nang ty hgc cua cac em Bu&c ndy se cd tiet ldm viec tren ldp de bdo cdo kit qud gidi quyit vdn de xen ke vdi Xai lifu tham khao khodng thdi gian ldm vipc tgi nhd di chudn bi \ Boud D (Ed) (1985), Problem-based bdi bdo cdo cuoi ciing cho vdn di learning in education for the professions, Giai dogn nhan xet danh gia sg thyc hien Herdsa, Sydney sau cac nhdm da hoan tat ca cdng viee Boud, D., Feletti, G (1998), The challenge ciia khda hgc, GV danh gia HS theo bang tieu chi danh gia da chuan bj xay dyng khda hgc of problem-based learning, Routledge Brown, A L (1987) Metaeognition, dong thdi GV phat phieu danh gia cho HS danh gia lln Ket thue vifc danh gia, GV se cd executive control, self-regulation, and other tigt de tdng kit tat ca nhimg kien thirc ciia more mysterious mechanisms In R Weinert & chuang trudc cho HS kilm tra tiet vao tiet R Kluwe (Eds.), Metaeognition, motivation, cuoi ciia ehuong and understanding (pp 65-116) Hillsdale, NJ; Qua viee tiln hanh thyc nghiem su phgm Erlbaum tai mgt s5 trudng THPT d Ddng Nai, chiing tdi Brown, A L., Branford, J., Ferrara, R., nhan thdy vifc td chiic day hgc PBL mang lai & Campione, J (1983) Learning, remembering, mgt so ket qua sau: and understanding In P H Mussen (Ed.), - HS cd kha nang thich umg vdi vifc td chirc Handbook of child psychology: Vol Ill, pp 77dgy hgc theo PBL Dgy hgc theo PBL tgo dieu 166 New York: Wiley kien dl HS bgc lg quan nifm cua minh Trgn co Diekhoff, G M (1983) Relationship sd dd giup HS khae phyc quan nifm sai Ifch va judgments in the evaluation of structural xay dyng quan nifm khoa hgc cho ban than Journal of Educational - HS da tham gia tfch cue vao bai hgc HS understanding khdng chi trao ddi vdi GV ma cdn trao ddi vdi Psychology, pp 227-233 40 • TAP CHi THlfTBI GIAO OgC-Sd - / ... nang thich umg vdi vifc td chirc Handbook of child psychology: Vol Ill, pp 77dgy hgc theo PBL Dgy hgc theo PBL tgo dieu 166 New York: Wiley kien dl HS bgc lg quan nifm cua minh Trgn co Diekhoff,... d Ddng Nai, chiing tdi Brown, A L., Branford, J., Ferrara, R., nhan thdy vifc td chiic day hgc PBL mang lai & Campione, J (1983) Learning, remembering, mgt so ket qua sau: and understanding In