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TRUCJNG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chf Khoa hpc so 141^ 2015) ^ / T 6 CHlfC DAY HOC M 6 N GIAO DyC HOC NGHE NGHI^ ? THEO DENfH Hl/C^NG HQC TAP D^A TRI N VAN DE TAI TRlTCfNG DAI HQC Si/ PHAM KY THUAT VINH L[.]
Tap chf Khoa hpc so 141^-2015) TRUCJNG DAI HOC DONG THAP ^ / T CHlfC DAY HOC M N GIAO DyC HOC NGHE NGHI^:? THEO DENfH Hl/C^NG HQC TAP D^A TRI:N VAN DE TAI TRlTCfNG DAI HQC Si/ PHAM KY THUAT VINH LONG ã ThS NguyĐn Minh TrungC' Tom tat Bdi bdo trinh bdy ve kit qud nghiin eiiu to ehUe dgy hge mon Gido due hgc nghi nghiip theo dinh hudng hgc tap dua tren vdn de tgi TrUdng Dgi hgc Suphgm Ky thudt Vinh Long Kit qud nghien eUu eUa di tdi Id mot hi thong gdm 14 vdn de dUffe thiet ki theo dinh hUdng hge tap dua trin vdn de dung dgy hge mon Gido due hgc nghi nghiip; cde sd lieu ehiing minh tinh hiiu qud eiia viec td ehUe dgy hgc mon hgc theo dinh hudng hge tap dUa trin vd'n de; nhdn mgnh sii cdn thie't td chUc dgy hge mon hge gdn liin vdi thiic tiin TU khoa: td ehUe, dgy hoe, gido due hoc nghi nghiep, hgc tap dUa tren vdn di, sUphgm ky thu^t Dat vkn dd Chien Iffdc phkt triln kinh td xa hdi 2011 2020 da khing dinh mot ttong ba dot phk lk ''Phdt triin nhanh ngudn nhdn lue, nhdt Id nguon nhdn liCc chdt lugng cao, tap trung vdo viic ddi mdi cdn bdn vd todn dien nin gido di^c qudc ddn" [1] Trong chien Iffdc phat tiiln giko due 2011 - 2020, Dkng ta da dinfafaffdng"Dm mdi todn dien vd can bdn nen gido due theo hudng chudn hda, hiin dgi hda, xd hgi hda, dan ehd hda Phdt triin gido due phdi thuc su la qudc sdch hdng ddu Id su nghiep eua Ddng, cda Nhd nUdc vd eda todn ddn" [2] Trffde dinh hffdng tten, Trffdng Dai bpc Sff pham Ky tiiukt (DHSPKT) VTnh Long da bat tay vko ddi mdi quk trinh dao tao cfia nfak trffdng theo hffdng phkt huy tinh tich effc, chfi ddng, sang tao cua ngffdi hpc Trong linh vtfc dko tao giao vidn (GV) day nghe tai trtfdng ttong nhffng nam qua cung da gat hki dffdc nfailu thknh tffu dang ke Bdn canfa do, vide ttang bi tri thffc cho sinh vien (SV) sff pfaam ky tfauat vkn cdn nfaieu ban che', quk trtnfa dko tao cfaffa gan liln vk dkm b&o tinh tfaffc tiln giko due ngfai nghidp Vdi mong mudn dffa cac vdn de thffc tidn cfia giko due ngfai ngfaidp vko ttong quk trinfa gikng day nen tkc gik da cfapn dinh faffdngfapctkp dffa tren van d l d l nghidn cffu to ehffc day hpc mdn hpc Giko due hpc nghe nghiep (GDHNN) tai Trffdng DHSPKT VTnh Long nham kich tiiiefa fau^g tfau fapc tap vk nkng cao kdt quk fapc tkp cua SV ttong mdn fapc Dinh fatfdng hpc tkp dtfa ttdn vin de (Problem Based Learning - PBL) da cd tff nkm 1960 tai Trtfdng Dai hpc Y te McMaster Canada, PBL dffdc failu nfatf mdt mdfainfa,mpt cfaien Itfdc ttong hpc tkp bao gom ck chtfdng ttinh gikng day vk ckc pfatfdng phkp day hpc (PPDH) gan Uln vdi thffc tiln cude sd'ng va mdi trffdng lao ddng Dkc tnflig cfia PBL lktinfaCO vk'n de ttong ckctinfafaudngfapctkp, bilu faidn cfiatinfacd vk'n dl lk hidn tffdng xky den nhiftig chffa bid't trffde ke't quk, mudn nhan thffc dffde ngffdi pfaki cd nfau clu vk sff no Iffc ldn nhat ve til tud Trong gidi faan cua bki bao kfaki nidm vin de dffdc faieu la nfaung nfaidm vufaaytinh hud'ng chffa diftig ckc nfaidm vu hpc tap Uen quan dd'n nhu^g faidn UTdng giao due nghi ngfaidp Hien nay, PBL da dffdc kp dung rpng rki vk pfao bie'n d nhilu nffdc ttdn the gidi, Viet Nam, PBL da dffdc ckc to ehffc, ck nhkn nghidn cfiu dffa vko qua ttinh dao tao, day hpc d ckc bkc dai hpc, cao dang, trung fapc cfauyen ngfaiep, trung hpc phd thdng nfaffng pfaIn Idn ckc tkc gik chi xem xet PBL d gdc dp mdt PPDH ticfa cffe mk cfaffa nfain nfakn rd ve ban cfaat cfia PBL Trong bki bko nky, tkc gia d l ckp den PBL vff(?t ngoai y ngbia cfia mdt PPDH vk nfain nfakn PBL lk mdt dinfafaffdngcfao vide td cfaffe day fapc mdn GDHNN ttong dd sff dung nfaieu phffdng phkp vk ky thukt day hpc tieh effc 2, Cff sff ly lulin 2,1 Cff sd tam ly hpc '•' Khoa SiTpham, TniOng Dai hoc Stf pham Ky thu^t Vmh Long 106 2.7.7 Thuyit phdt sinh nhgn thUe eda Piaget IKUCJNG DAI HOC D N G T H A P Tap chi Khoa hoc so 14 (8-2015) PBL dffa tten cd sd khai nidm gdc ddng hda, diiu Ung, sadd vd cdn bdng ttong thuye't pfakt Thiet kfbai hgc theo PBL sinfa nfaan tfaffc cua J Piaget trffde tidn dffa ngffdi hoc cham ttkn vdi ckc vk'n d l hpc tkp mk hp chffa So biet, tff dky ho se phkn knh nhffng cki chffa bid't T I chffe thi/c hidn bai hoc vko nko, so sknh vdi nfaffng eai da biet de md rdng kha nkng faieu bid't cfia minb; Sau ngffdi fapc S n se flm kidm thu thap tfadng tin de giki quydt ckc ,S > « -« vin de cfaffa rd va kfai giki quyet dffdc cfaung tfai H a Dknh gi4 viec hpc tip cic sd d l mdi dffdc thiet Ikp, tffe Ik hp tao dffdc ttang thki can bang Quk trtnfa tki Ikp cho pfadp ho tao ttang thai ckn b^ng mdi ne'u co ckc vin Hinh Trinh tff t l chtfc day hpc mdn hpc dl khkc pfakt sinfa ttong qua trtnfa fap giai quyet GDHNN theo PBL ckc van d l trffde Dky la mpt ttong nfaffng cd Giai dogn Thidt kd' eac bai hpc theo sd ly lukn vu^g cfaac cfia dinfafaffdngfapctap dffa PBL: De tiiiet kd dtfdc bki fapc tiieo PBL, GV cin tten vin de thtfc hidn tfaeo tiinh tff nhffng nOi dung sau: Xac 2.1.2 Hgc thuyit lieh sUvdn hoa ve suphdt trien dinh muc tidu mdn fapc; Lffa cfapn ckc ndi dung cdc chUc ndng tdm ly cdp eao eua L X Vugostxki tfaeo cfaffdng trinh; Phat bieu vk'n de; Xkc dinh cac Tfaeo hpc thuyet lich sff van hda vl sff pfakt nguon Iffc cantiiid't;Xkc dinfa cfaid'n Iffdc dknh gik Giai doan T l chtfc thffc Men cac bai trien ckc cfaffe nang tkm ly cap cao cua L X Vrfgostxki, ttong qua trtnh hpc tap S V se sff dung hpc: dffdc tien bknh qua bffdc: SV bpc trdn Idp; trinh dp hipn tai cua minh 6i tiiam gia hpc tap ckc SV thffe hien tff fapc; Dknfa gik phkn h I i ttdn ldp Giai doan Danh gia vi$c hpc t^p: Vide vk'n de kich thich ckc cfaffe nkng tkm ly dang trffdng thknh vung phkt trien gin vk bien cfaung dknfa gik kd't quk fapc tap ttong day fapc mon hpc thanhtiinfaddfaientai cfia bkn tiian trffde vung GDHNN theo hpc tap dtfa ttdn vdn de se kp dung hinfa thffc danfa gik: phkt triln gin mdi xudt hidn - Dknh gia quk trinh: sff dung loai dknh Tren cd sd faai hpc thuyd't tkm IJ hpc cfia J gik [8]: dknh gia ck nfaan bdi GV; Ttf dknfa gik; Piaget vk L X Vffgostxki, dinfafaffdngfapctkp dffa danfa gik cheo ttong mdi phidn PBL d l tinh diem tren vin de sff dung ckc kfaki nidm cdng cu dong quk ttinh hoa, dieu Ung, cdn bdng, sa dd cung vdi hai trtnfa - Dknh gia ting kdt: thtfc hidn tfaeo quy dinfa dd: "faidn tai" va "vfing phkt triln g i n " Ikm nen dknfa gik d i e m fapc p h i n tin ch! tai Trtfdng tkng ttong vide day - fipe kich tfaicfa tff cua DHSPKT VTnfa Long [3] faien bao gom dknh ngtfdi fapc gik quk trinh 10%, dknh gik giffa k^ 30% vk dknh 22, T l chu'c d^y hpc mdn GDHNN theo PBL gik cud'i ky 60% - Diim hpc phin dtfdctinfanfatf sau: DHPLT = Can cff vko dkc trffng cfia mdn fapc GDHNN vk quy dinh td ehffc giang day tai Trffdng (IDQT-t-3DG-F6DC)/10 4^ •^ DHSPKT VTnfa Long cfing vdi vide phkn tich dac tnmg cfia ckc tid'n ttinh tfaffc faidn PBL, tac gik chpn tid'n dinh tiiffe hidn PBL bffde tiieo tid'n si Allyn Walsfa, Trffdng DaifapcMcMaster [9] cung vdi md hinfa thdng hoat vien (Floating Facilitator model) lkm cd sd td chffe day fapc m d n GDHNN Quk trinfa td cfaffe day h p e m d n GDHNN tiieo PBL gim giai doan: Kd't qua nghidn cuTu 3.1 Kd't qua khao sat thijfc trang Kd't qua khko skt 207 SV d ngknh Cdng nghe tiidng tui; Cdng ngfad ky tfauat didn; Cdng nghd ky tiiuat didn - dien tff; Cdng nghe chd tao mky; Cdng nghd ky thukt d td; Cdng nghd ky thukt cd dien tff vdi 15 can hoi khko skt thudc ckc Uiifa vtfc ve ndi dung mdn fapc, PPDH, faoat ddng 107 TRUCJNG DAI HOC DONG THAP ttf hpc, hinfa tfaffc to chffe dayfapc,fainfatfaffc danfa gik, kfadng kfai ldpfapcvk nfaffng khd khan kfai fapc mdn fapc mk SV gap pfaai nfaff sau; Hlu hd't SV diu cho rkng, kien tfaffc ttong mdn hpe GDHNN g^n lien vdi thffc t i l n giko due ngfai ngfaidp (92,3% SV dffdc kfaao sat cho rang kie'n thffc mdn fapc GDHNN gin liln vdi thtfc tidn giao due nghe nghidp; 7,2% SV ttk ldi kie'n thffe mdn bpc kfadng gin Uln tiiffc tidn; 0,5% SV khdng tta ldi) Qua khko skt cfao tfaay, cac PPDH tfaude nhom dung ldi ndi vkn dffdc GV ffu tidn sff dung nfailu ttong dayfapcmdnfapcGDHNN; cac PPDH Idcfa tfaich tff cfia SV cung dffdc GV kp dung nhffng cdn rat faan cfae (69,9% SV tta ldi GV kp dung phffdng phkp dung ldi ndi ttong day hpc mdn GDHNN; 35,9% SV tra Idi GV cd kp dung phffdng pfakp orffc quan; 25,2% SV tii ldi GV kp dung PPDH ndu van de; 12,1% SV ttk ldi GV kp dung PPDH tfaffcfaknfa).Ckc sdUdu ttdn cfao thay thffc ttang cfia vide lffa cfapn va sff dung ckc PPDH cfia GV ttong mdn hpc GDHNN chtfa dam bao pfaktfauytinfaticfactfc cfia SV ttong hpc tap Vide kp dung ckc PPDH cfia GV ttong mdn GDHNN faidn nfain chung chffa dat dffdc hieu quk, cin cd giki pfakp d l tidp tuc nkng cao faidu qua cfia viec kp dung ckc PPDH ttong mdn hpc, nkng cao chit Iffdng day hpc mdn hpc (54,1 % S V dknh gik GV sff dung PPDH faidu qua; 6,3% eho r&ng PPDH cfia GV lk rat faidu quk; 38,2% SV dknfa gik vide kp dung ckc PPDH cfia GV it faieu quk vk 1% cho lk khdng hieu qua; 0,4% khdng trk ldi) Phan Idn SV nhan tfaly cin thie't phai thffc hidn ttf hpc ngoki gid ldn ldp ddi vdi mdn faoc GDHNN (63,3% SV ttk ldi cd; 36,2% tra ldi kfadng thtfc faien viec ttffapcngoki gid len ldp dd'i vdi mdn fapc GDHNN) V l tim quan ttpng cfia viec ttffapc,cd 44% S V xac dinfa vide tff hpc ttong mdn hpc lk quan ttpng; 16,4% SV xkc dinh viec tiJ hpc lk rk't quan ttpng; 35,3% xac dinh viec tff hpc ttong mdn fapc d mffc dp binh thffdng kfadng cd gi lk quan ttpng Nfaff vky cd dd'n 60,4% so'S V dffdc kfako skt nfaan thay dffdc tam quan ttong cfia vide tff fapc dd'i vdi hkn than ttong fapc tkp mdn fapc GDHNN SV chffa ticfa cffe tim kiem tfaong tin pfauc vu cfao viec hpc tap ttong mdn hpc GDHNN ttong 108 Tap Chi Khoa hoc so 14 (8-2015) dd viec ngfaidn culi nfaieu tai Udu d l failu ro i^ng, tffdng minfa cho mdi ndi dung hoc tkp la rit quan trpng vdi SV cao dang sff pham ky thukt (92,8% SV ttk ldi ehi sff dung giao tiinfa mon fapc mk GV cung d p d l pfauc vu cfao vide hpc tkp mon hpc; ckc loai tki Udu kfaac SV rk't it sfi dung, cd 18,9% SV flm tiidng tin d cac tki lieu kfakc) Ckc sd Udu ttdn cfao tiidy mot van d l dkng bao ddng dd'i vdi SV sff pham ky tiiukt lk ky nang tiJ" hpc thdng qua tki lidu cfia SV qua ye'u Ding thdi, ckc em chffa tfaffc hidn tdt vide tff hpe ngoki gid Ien Idp cung nfaff sff dung tfaff vien chtfa hdp Iy (11,1% SV dd'n thtf vien tim kidm tfadng tin phuc vu vide fapc) Hlu fadt SV deu nfaan tfak'y stf cin tfaidt vk y ngfaia cua faoat ddng nfaom ttong hpc tkp mdn bpc; mong mudn dtfdc GV ap dung hinh thffc hpc tkp theo nhdm nfad fadn la ngfae GV giang Iy tfauydt vk gfai cfaep (68,6% SV cho rang vide kp dung hinh tfaffc hpc tap tfaeo nhom nhd ttong mdn hpc lk cin thidt vk 17,9% cho rkng rk't c i n tiudt) SV nhkn thffc rd v l hinfa thffc danfa gik GV tfaffdng kp dung ttong mdn fapc (79,2% y kie'n ttk ldi dffa ttdn kiem tta quk ttinh vk k i l m tta kd't tfafic mdn hpc; 14% SV ttk Idi chi dffa ttdn kilm tta kdt tiiuc; 6,3% ttk Idi dffa ttdn kidm tta qua ttinh; 9% tta ldi fainh tfaffc dknfa gia kfaac) SV cd nhkn thffe tich cffe ttong vide tff dknh gik vide hpe cfia bkn thkn (56% SV mong mud'n thay ddi hinh tiiffc danfa gik ttong mdn hpc; 44% SV cho rkng khdng can tiiay doi fainh tfaffc danh gik Hinfa thffc dknh gia mong mudn dffdc kp dung ttong mdn hpc GDHNN la SV dtfdc tham gia danfa gik quk trtnfa fapc tkp cua hp cung vdi GV vdi 78%) Vide td cfaffe dayfapcmdn fapc GDHNN faien cfaffa tao dffdc kfadng kfai fapc tkp fako hffng ttong Idp hpc, chffa kich tfaich dffdc SV, chffa tiiu hut dffdc sff quan tam vk tfaam gia cfia SV ttong ckc gid fapc Dky lk mpt rao ckn tkm 1^ ttong faoat dpng nfakn tfaffc cua SV (24,2% cfao rkng hko hffng; 61,8% SV tra ldi binh thtfdng vk eo 11,6% ttk Idi khdng hko hffng) Kfad kfakn ddi vdi phan Idn SV lk mdn hpc cd quk nfailu Iy tiiuyet, trfftf tffdng, PPDH kfadng thufafit,vi the vide gan ket mdn hpc vdi thffc tidn lk dieu rdt ein tiiiet ttong vide td ehffc day hpc Tap chi Khoa hpc so 14 (8-2015) T R U O N G DAI HOC D N G T H A P mdn GDHNN (61,8% SV tta ldi mdn hpc quk nhilu ly tiiuydt; 37,7% ttk ldi ndi dung tiijli nrdng; 26,6% cho lang PPDH cfaffa tiiu fafit) Tff ckc kdt qua kfako skt tfaffc ttang tten cfao thiy, quk trtnfa day bpc mdn GDHNN tai Trffdng c6 nhffng ifti diim nhff: GV cd diu ttf cfao vide pkng day mdnfapc,tuy nfaien sff diu tff cfaffa dung mffc cin tfaidt; SV y thffc dffdc vai tro, tam quan ttpng cfia vide tff hoc, cung nfaff nfakn bidt dffdc tinh tfaffc tidn cfia mdn hpe Ben canfa dd, cung c6 nfaffng vdn dl t i n tai nfalt dinfa nfaff: S V c6 tfaffc hidn tfffapcnfairng vide tfffapccfaffa faieu quk; fainfa thffc t l cfaffe fapc tkp: GV gikng - SV ghi chep cdn kp dung pfad bidn chffa phat fauy dffdc tinfa tich ctfc, chu dpng cfia S V; hinfa thffc dknh gia kd't quk hoc ^ p cin cfao pfaep SV tfaam gia dknfa gia kdt hdp vdi dknh gik cfia GV d l dkm bko linh khkch quan; khdng kfai fapc tkp cfaffa kicfa tfaich dffdc sff hkofaffngcfia SV; ndi dung mdn fapc quk nfailu ly tfauydt, mang tinfa trffu tffdng Nhffng van d l thffc trang ttdn nd'u dffdc giki quydt td't se gdp phin kicfa tfaich sfffaffngthu hpc tap cfia SV, dong thdi nkng cao kdt quk hpc tkp mdn fapc GDHNN tai Tnrdng DHSPKT VTnh Long day fapc chffa dkp u^g dffdc ydu clu cfia vide doi mdi PPDH - Quy dinfa danfa gia kdt qua fapc tap cfia SV chffa cd tidu chi cu thi vk GV dkm nhidm, SV kfadng dffdc tham gia vao quk tiinfa dknfa gik 3.3 Ket qua thid't kd' bai hpc theo PBL 3.3.1 Hi thdng cde ngi dung xdy dung vd'n di Bang H$ thdng cac nOi dung xky dtfng vdn de TT m CDR Iheo CTDT Mitc dOvA dJ s Nguyen IJ glio d\ig Vi^l Nam (2) Chuin ngbt nghigp cia giing vien, GV day nghj (2) 408 CbiAme ^ ^i l u t n 0^0 difc IrOitng df y ngh§ DOng luc cSa qua trtnh giSndiic CickMucdBqiiiulnhEiJadfc NguySn lic gi^o due e FhirOugphtlpgiiadLjc Cang d c chu nhi^m Idp m 15) (131 DID (6) (19) CblRMe Li Iufn d^f hpc dlnfOiig dfy ngh£ Qu£ ulnh d^y hoc (7) E>Ong luc cda qud Mnh day hqc 10 Mgc bfu dfy hoc 11 PPDH (9) (15) 12 KiemD^ vh ddnhgi& Lrongday hQC (16)CIS) (14) 12 24 3 ChiHiiE I f cbilc v& q u i n If qu^ trinh d|iy hvc nnhl! 13 Cic hlnh Ontc to chdc qui trtnh d^y hfc agbi (17) J 9.0 18 14 3.2 Cdc nguydn nhkn chfi quan va khach quan ve thi^c tr^ng day hpc mdn hpc GDHNN t?i Trrfdng DHSPKT Vinh Long 3.2.1 Cdc nguyin nhdn ehd quan a) Ddi vdi GV: Chffa cfau ddng ttong viec ap dung cac PPDH kich tiiich tff cfia SV; Ngai thay dii thdi quen thiy gikng bki - tto gfai chep; Chfi ttpng ddn vide truyen dat kidn tfaffc, it quan tkm ddn vide pfakt triln cac ky nkng fapc tkp nghidn cffu cfao SV; To cfaffe day fapc cfaffa tao dffdc srffakofafiHgcho SV b) Ddi vdi SV: Co y tiiffc ttf fapc nfaiftig thtfc hidn chtfa hidu quk; Chtfa bidt ckch flm kidm md rOng tiidng tm; Ngai thay ddi tfadi quen hpc tap cu bkng ckc phtfdng phkp fapc ticfa ctfe 3.2.2 Cde nguyin nhdn khdch quan - Dinfa fatfdng doi mdi PPDH d nfak tttfdng chffa hieu quk - GV chtfa dtfdc tidp ckn tiitfdng xuyen vdi ckc PPDH tich Ctfc, chfi ddng - Cd sd vkt chdt phuc vu cfao vide td cfaffe duQg CbiTiftig Nhi?ng v9n d l chung r n a G i i o dvc hfc vh GUo dvc hfc n ^ OKhitp L j p k f hof ch quin If q u i trtnh d ^ y h f c nghf (18)(19) 3.3.2 Hi thdng edc phien PBL vd cdc buoi hgc Bang Hd thdng cac phign PBL va cac buli Idn ldp PhiSn PBL ThM gian (h) Bit diu Budil 4:0:8 5:0:10 Budi 6:0:12 Budi 6:0:12 Budi Budi 4:0:8 5:0:10 Budi Ke't thuc Budi Budi Budi Budi? Budi Budi10 3.3.3 Hinh thUe tdchUe dgy hgc mon GDHNN cde phien PBL Bang Hinh thffc t l chffe day hpc cac phidn PBL Phien PBL Hin h l h d c U f chdc d a y Vffndg Nguyfin IJ g l i o dgc Vi?[ Nam LT UBN TH BG ±] • 04 \5 10 ' Cdc khOu ei5a quS Irtnh giSo dgo ' N g u y e n l J c gido due 6.PhtrdnR ptidp eidt) due 7.Cflng ldc chil nhiem Iflo 109 Tap chi Khoa hoc s6 14 (8-2015) TROONG DAI HOC D N G THA? 54-6 (}ud tnnfa day b^c Muc nen day boc 10 Nfli dung day hpc |] PPDH , 13 Cdcblnblhactochlicqnaniniidavhocngbe 14 LipkS^baacfaquinljqnatiinlidayhpcngbE 1 12 12 2 10 ] LT: Ly thuyet; HDN: Hoat d6ng nhom; TH: Ttf hoc; DG: Danh giS 3.4 Cac ket qua sau thffc nghidm t^ chffe d^y hQC mdn GDHNN theo PBL 3.4.2 Diim qud trinh cda ldp thiic nghiem vd ldp ddi ehUng Bang Di^m qua trinh cua ldp thffc nghidm va ldp dd'i chfftag Di^m qua tnnh % Sinh vieo d^t didm Xj Xi = 6,'il) chffng to ring viec to chffe day hpc mon GDHNN theo PBL thi ket quS hpc tSp cua SV tot hdn .0-8 5-10 Bi^u dS L Phdn phd'i tSn su^t di^m qua trinh cua Idp thffc nghidm va Idp dd'i chdiig Nhin bieu 1, ta thay dffcfng bieu diSn ffi^m qu^ ffinh ci^a ldp thffc nghiSm ph^n bS'lech v l phia diem gioi (8,5 -10); dff5ng bieu diln diemquS trinh ldp doi chihig phSn bo' khoSng tff kh^ d^n gioi (7,0 - 10) Dieu cho th^y di^m quS tnnh cua ldp thrfc nghiSm it bie'n d6ng va d thang diem gioi nhieu hdn so vdi ldp d6'i chffng 3.4.3 Diim kiim tra cda ldp thUe nghiim vd ldp ddi ehiing Bang Di€m ki^m tra cua ldp thffc nghidm \k ldp dd'i chffng % Smh vien d^t di^m Xi Diem kidm tra