I TONG Q D M t NGHIEN CIIU I Ket qua trien khai phifofng phap hoc tSp dtfa vao tinh hudng tai trifoTng Dai hoc Y te Cong cdng Hufa Thanh Thiiy*, Nguyin Tnmg Kifin*, Tnftfng Quang Tidn'''', Nguyin Thanh H[.]
I TONG Q D M t NGHIEN CIIU I Ket qua trien khai phifofng phap hoc tSp dtfa vao tinh hudng tai trifoTng Dai hoc Y te Cong cdng Hufa Thanh Thiiy*, Nguyin Tnmg Kifin*, Tnftfng Quang Tidn', Nguyin Thanh Htfcfng* Doi mdi phuang phdp gidng dgy Id mdt nhffng ndi dung tdm chien lugc ndng cao chd't lugng ddo tgo cua TrUdng Dgi hgc Y licdng cgng (DHYTCC) Sau ndm irien khai dp dung phuang phdp hgc tap dua vdo tinh hud'ng (SBL), di xdc dinh uu nhugc diim, tinh pha hgp vd cdc dieu kiin ddm bdo triin khai hifu qud SBL tgi irudng DHYTCC, nghiin cdu kit hgp dinh tinh vd dinh lugng dugc tiin hdnh id 9/2012 - 5/2013 trin 532 hgc viin vd 31 gidng viin Phdn mem Epidata, Stata vd NVivo dugc sddung diqudn ly vd phdn tich sdlieu Nghien cdu cho thd'y ben cgnh nhUng uu diem nhu tdng ky ndng ldm vi^cnhdm, xdcdfnh-phdn tich-gidi quyit vd'n de, viet-trinh bdy bdo cao , SBL cung khien ngUdi hgc y lgi vd ddi hdi cdc yeu cdu ve nguon luc Trong sd 15 mdn hgc dugc ddnh gid, cdc mdn hoc phU hop nhdt bao gom: Dich te hgc benh truyen nhiem vd khdng truyen nhiem, Qudn ly y ti vd Sdc khoe nghe nghiep (cd nhdn chuyen ngdnh) Nghien cdu cung chi cdc dieu lain ddm bdo dp dung hieu qud SBL: tinh hudng thUc te' khdng cd qud mon dp dung SBL cUng thdi diim, lich gidng hgp ly, gidng vien du ve sd lugng vd ch^t luang, du phdng hgc, so thdnh vien nhdm td5-7 ngUdi Td khda: hgc tap tich cgc, hgc tgp dua vdo tinh huong, tiai hgc y ticdng cdng The implementation of scenario-based learning at Hanoi school of Public health Hua Thanh Thuy', Nguyen Trung Kien^, Truong Quang Tien', Nguyen Thanh Huong* Innovation of leaching methods is one of the priorities in strategies for improving teaching quality of Hanoi School of Public Health (HSPH) After years applying Scenario-based learning (SBL), in order to determine the suitability of SBL, its advantages as well as disadvantages and prerequisite for effective application of SBL at HSPH, a study using both qualitative and quantitative methods was carried out from 9/2012 lo 5/2013 with 532 students and 31 lectures/facilitators at HSPH Data management and analysis were conducted by using Epidata Stata arui NVivo software The study showed that SBL helped to develop certain skills such as defining, analyzing and solving problems, writing and presenting reports, and team working SBL however, required muchtimeand resources for investment Of the 15 evaluated subjects, the most suitable subjects including: Epidemiology of non-communicable/communicable diseases Health management and Occupational Health (bachelor degree tracking) This study also pointed out the conditions to ensure the effective application of SBL: 28 Tap chi Y te Cdng cgng, 1.2015, Sd 34 • Ng^>iihfn bii: 30.9.1014 cNgiy phan bifn-31.10.2014 aNgiy chinh siia: 10.11.2014 •Ng^ydirdcchETpiihSii dang: 1.12.2014 ITt'NGQOUIsNGHIlNCIIUI interestm and practical scenauos no more than SBL subjects being tmght at the same appropriate number of 5-7 members in each team; sufficient number of lecturers/facilitators time and classrooms Keywords: Scenario-based learning, active learning, school of public health TAc gid: Tnrdng Dai hoc Y tf Cong cpng thugt thdo ludn nhom D a t va'n a d va m u c t i ^ u Ddi mdi phtfdng p h i p giang day la mdt nhffng ndi dung trpng tam chidn Itfdc nang cao chat Itfdng dao tao ciia Trtfdng Dai hgc Y td cdng cpng (DHYTCC) Phtfdng p h i p hpc lap dtfa vao linh hudng (SBL) la mpt nhffng phtfdng p h i p giang day ticb ctfc da dtfdc irtfdng DHYTCC Sp dung ttf nam bpc 2008 - 2009 ddi vdi mdt sd mdn hpc chtfdng trinh dao tao cuT n h i n va sau dai hpc Trong nhffng nam hpc dau tifin dtfdc ap dung, SBL da thu dtfdc nhffng phan hdi k h i tich ctfc tiJ ca hai phia ngtfdi hpc vS ngtfdi day, ivin 90% hoc vien/sinh vi6n vk tren % giang vien/lrd giang ddng Jr vdi vific m d rpng phtfdng phap hpc tap mdi md n i y [1] D o dd, sd Itfdng cdc mdn bpc ap dung SBL da tang ttf mdn vao nam 2008-2009 len den 22 mdn vao nam 2012-2013 va dtf doan se tiep tuc tSng nhihig nam hpc tidp theo Tuy nhien, heu SBL cd p h i i 1& mdt phtfdng phSp hpc pbii hdp de ap dung vdi s d Itfdng mdn nhidu nhtf hidn tai, q u i trinh ap dung SBL cd g l y n h i ^ g khd khin gi cho ngtfdi hoc ciing nhtf ngtfdi day va neu md rpng phtfdng phap hpc vdi nhffng mdn hoc khac can phai chii trpng nhifng yeu id nao? Ngbien crfu dtfdc tid^n hanh vao nam 2012-2013, sau nam hpc ap dung SBL tai trtfdng DHYTCC nham xac dinh tfu nhtfdc diem ciia SBL; d i n h g i i tinh p b i bdp ciia SBL ddi vdi mpt sd mdn hpc; va xac dinh mdt sd' dieu kien can cd dd dam bao trien khai cd bieu qua SBL tai trtfdng DHYTCC (TLN)) Gloldo^n I ; Nghifin Clhi dinh llnh dCTi t d i ngufli hipc v i ngUBi df > _ ^ itfcm? M v c dich: Thu ihSp Ihdng tin d|nh luang ii t f n h p h ^ b i t p d a i i d i iJRigmeiilwc.Uu nhuijic ^ E m cua p h i n u g p h j p MMC aich: Tim hi^u nguyfin nhin IJ giii cbo kei qua itiii duiK il giai doi^ii 2, Ihu ih(p c^c tli6iif lui bd sung cho nghifin cilu djnh M p e dfch: Tim hi£u nguyfn n h i n l j giii cho kfi q u i I h u d u ^ c d g i a i do^n ^ ^ 3, thu IbSp ilioDf u n bo sun^ chn nghifin ciJu dinh luOng 2.2 Bja diim vd thed gian nghiSn cdu: Ngliieii ctfu dtfdc tien h i n h tai trtfdng D H Y T C C Thdi gian nghifin ctfu tff 9/2012-5/2013 2.3 Boi ti^ng nghien clhi: Dd'i ttfdng tham gia nghifin ctfu dinh tinh v i dinh Itfdng gdm: - Sinh vifin/hpc vifin t h a m gia mdn hpc i p dung SBL n a m hpc 2011-2012 - Giang vifin/lrd giang da ttfng tham gia chuan bi va i p dung SBL C i c mdn hpc drfdc d i n h gia ve tinh pbil hdp: 15 mdn i p dung SBL troog nam hpc 2011-2012, bao gdm: Phdng chd'ng thdm hga 2.1 Thiit ki nghien cdlu: Nghien cdu md td cdt ngang, kit hgp dinh tinh (sCld^ng ky dogn: Mpe itlch: T i m h i f u [hfiig i m chung, x l dinh dcbi^nsA'tTDfiguEhifin^du duih Lgp ki hogch y te(cd Phtftfng p h a p nghi&n cihi vd dfnh lUffng (phdt van bg cdu hoi) theo giai nhdn) (cdnhdn) Sdc khde sinh sdn (cd nhdn) Sdc khde mdi trUdng (cd nhdn) Tap chi Y td Cdng cong, 1.2015, Sd 34 29 I TtiNG QUAN & NGHIER M D j Sdc khde nghe nghiip (cd nhdn) Ndng cao sdc khde (cd nhdn) Qudn ly y ii(cao hgc YTCC) Ndng cao sdc khde (cao hgc YTCC) 10 Sdc khde mdi triing (cao hgc YTCC) 11 Dinh dudng vf sinh an todn thucphdm (cdnhdn) 12 Dich le hgc bfnh khdng truyen nhiim (cd nhdn chuyin ngdnh Dfch ti-Thd'ng ki) 13 Dich ti hgc bfnh truyen nhiim (cd nhdn chuyin ngdnh Dich ti-Thong ke) 14 Sdc khoe mdi trudng (cd nfidn chuyin ngdnh Sdc khoi mdi trudng vd nghi nghiep) 15 Sdc khde nghe nghiep (cd nhdn chuyen ngdnh Sdc khoe mdi Irudng vd nghi nghiep) 16 Lap ki hogch chuang trinh ndng cao sdc khde (cdnhdn chuyen ngdnh TT-GDSK) 2.4 Cdmdu vdphUtfngphdp chgn mdu Nghien crfu dinh Itfdng: phtfdng phip chon m§u toin bp, nghien ctfu dinh tinh: chpn mau cd cbu dich Cd mau cua nghien crfu dtfdc the bien bang sau: Bdng I Cdmdu nghien cdu theo tdng giai dogn vd ddi tugng Stt GiaidofQ "•^ Bfllltf^ig GiaJ d o t n 1: E))nli dnh G i u dof D 2, Dinh kl^rag Sinli vifin/b9C v>£n TLN 12 Dgif» Giing •n&alai) g i i n g ITLN.lOagdai Suih viSnApc vigu 532 G i i n g vien/ir^ g i i n g 31 tM«»,3:IM„bJ, Sinh vifin/bpc viea TLN, 35 ngoai * Giai Sa^n 4: ^ n h rtwh G i i a g vi&i/tr9 g i i n g 2TLN,20agttft 2.6 PhiMng phdp thu thgp, xa ly vaphdn tich solieu - Cdng cu thu thap so' hfiu: Piiieu phat va'n Itf dien (danh cho tffng nhdm dot ttfdng); Htfdng dan ±ao luan nhdm (danh cho tffng nhdm ddi ttfdng va tffng giai doan) - So lifiu dinh Itfdng sau dtfdc tbu th$p, lam sach va ma hda, dtfdc nhap bang pban mem Epidata 3.0 va phan tich bang phin mdm Stata 10.0 - ThoDg tin dinh tinh tff cac cudc phdng van sau va thao luan ohdm dtfdc ghi am, gd bang va phan tich bang phan mem Nvivo Kdt qua 3.1 Uu nhi^c diem cua SBL 3.1.1 Uu diem Vific ip dung phtfdng phap SBL d^iiic dinh gii cao ttf ca bai phia ngtfdi hpc va ngtfdi day phtfdng phap cd nliieu tfu diem hdn so vdi cac phtfdng phip hpc tap truyen thdng khic Cic kdt qua dinh tinh va dinh ltfdng ddu da chi rd dieu Ket qua nghien ctfu dinh Itfdng cho thay trfin 70% dd'i ttfdng (bao gdm ca ngtfdi hpc va ngtfdi day) ddng ^ vdi cac tfu diem ciia phtfdng phap SBL nhtf ting tinh chu dpng ciia ngtfdi hgc, tang ctfdng cic ky nang nhtf phan tich, giai quyet van dd,fim kie'm lai h?u, lam vific nhdm, trinh bay cbia se thdng tin, lang ctfdng stf ttfdng tic giffa giang vifin va hpc vifin, tang kha nang hieu rd 1$ thuydt (Hinh 1) 2.5 Bien so'nghien citu Mdt sd'bien sd'chinh, dinh nghia, each thu thap va dd'i ttfdng cung ci'p thdng tin dtfdc tdm tat bang sau: i srrr ' - seBtf BiDhn^lw Cidiilntup Witwns ^Unif phip SBL Dinb gii IV nhi^t kii Ich mi phiiDnf pUp d m 1^ SL'i."" ngu* hoc ptiiVng phip SBL Eiinb gut >« nliOtig kba Uiln UD tnfn khli ip dm^ phtfung phip SS."' Tinh pNik h ^ A& Dinh gii llDi| mta b^f lh(M( q n "ZZ - Tli Mu ping ity Ctini nteAif ping ' 30 UiailDfuqiil ptUUfpbipSBL Dfi n « w ' ' d i n b cic y A Ul quan Irving dim bia dc mAi Uu] lii«u qui p h m g pUp SBL -"" Kettuay Tap chi Y td Cdng cdng, 1.2015, Sd 34 BKlKlggihkdiki mneaf; Hinh Uu diem cua phitang phdp SBL theo quan diem cda ngUdi hgc va ngiM dgy (n=563) Kfi't qua tff cac cudc thao luan nhdm ddi vdi hoc vien/sinh vien cung hoan toan phii hdp vdi nghifin ctfu dinh Itfdng, dd da phan ngtfdi hpc nhan manh ldi tfu diem "tang tinh chii ddng ctia ngtfdi hpc" va "ting ky nang lam viec nbdm" cua phtfdng i TlHG QUAN & NGHIEN edn I Cac ^ kifi'n tbu dtfdc ttf cic cudc thao luan nhdm phap hpc tap nay: "Ddi vdi chiing em bdy gid ldm viec nhdm khdng vdi hoc vien ciing cho kdt qua phu hdp vdi nghifin cdn Id dieu kinh khung nffa, thgm chi em thay ctfu dinh Itfdng: "Ap luc hgc tgp dd'i vdi chung em hgc tdp SBL ldm vifc nhdm cd rd't Id nhiiu lai ich Cdc mdn duac ldm SBL thi td't cd cdc bgn cd khd ndng hgc hdi kinh rdt ldn chiing em phdi ddnh rdt nhiiu thdi gian nghifm, kiin thdc vd cdch ldm viec cOa cdc bgn cdng detim Him thdng tin, tdi lieu Niu ldm 1-2 mdn SBL lhi khdng chd ddng ndy ky cd mdn md din nhdm vdi minh" (TLN, CNCQK9) "Trong qud trtnh trd ldi cdc vdn de cua cua bdi mdn SBL qud tdi ldm a" (TLN, VLVH6) "Nhdm em ldm cd ngudi thi chi cd ngudi ldm lap tinh hudng, chting em phdi chd ddngtimkie'm thim rat nhieu ldi lieu, md dgc nhffng ldi lieu day cdc thdnh viin khdc i lgi todn bd Nhung din diem thi tdt cd lgi bdng hit." a L N , CNCQ K6) thi chiing em hiiu sdu hdn ve van di, ddy Id cdi icu diim ldn nhdt cda phuang phdp hgc ndy" (TLN, Trong dd, nhtfdc diem ma ngtfdi day de cSp CHYTCCIS) nhieu dda nhidu nha't lai li \iec ddi hdi pbai dip Phtfdng phip hpc khdng chi mang l^i nhtfng ffng cic yfiu cau ve nhan Itfc va nguon tii lifiu cua phtfdng phap hpc nay: ldi ich cbo ngtfdi hoc ma ca giang vien cling cam thS'y thu lai dtfdc nhidu bai hpc qua qui trinh "Phuang phdp ndy yeu cdu phdi chia thdnh nhiiu xay dtfng tai lifiu va trie'n khai Sp dung: nhdm nhd gidng vien phdi hudng ddn cho tdng "Thii thgt Id ban ddu ldi cdm thdy that su hoang nhdm, hd trg tim tdi lieu, dd gidng vien mang vi di hudng ddn dugc ldm bdi tap tinh hud'ng irudng minh lhi it Ngudn tdi liiu cung cdn phdi SBL ddi hdi gidng viin phdi ndm dugc gdn nhu todn phong phli de co lhi cung cd'p cho hgc viin mgt cdch bg chuang trinh hgc Tuy nhiin qud trinh phdt trien trgng tdm " (TLN, Giang vien) ldi lifu vd hudng ddn hgc viin dd Id mgt yiu to'thiic 3.2 Stf pha hgp cua SBL doi vdi titttg mon hgc ddy rdt ldn giiip ldi tdng cudng lim kiim, cgp nhgt thdng tin Dgc bift, ldi thd'y ky ndng phdn lich vdn Stf pbii bdp cua lunh thffc giang day SBL ddi vdi de mdt cdch todn difn cua minh cung dugc cdi thiin rtfng mdn boc dtfdc danh gia qua nhdm tieu chi: Tai ddng ki" (TLN, Giang vifin) U?u SBL; Cich thrfc td chffc giang day vi Giang vien/trd giang Dffa tren stf long bdp cua ba nhdm tieu 3.L2 Nhugc diim chi nay, 15 mon hpc dtfdc chia thinh nhdm vdi mtfc Kfi't qua nghifin cffu cho thay cd stf nhin nb$n dd phii hdp ting dan iff den nhtf Bang 2: khic giffa ngtfdi bpc va ngtfdi day ve nhtfdc diem cua phtfdng phip bpc Bang Stf phti App cda SBL doi vdi tdng mon hgc Ddi vdi ngtfdi hpc, nhffng nhtfdc diem dtfdc Nhim TUuchf Manb^ nhan manb bao gom: ddi bdi lioc vifin phai diu ttf i< nhai lin n i m tnmg Omb dudng vfi sinh an lo^n thUC pbim {ci nhSoJ thdi gian qua mtfc cbo phdp; kliien nhidu hpc vifin danh sich / l S n l ^ n h c Sih: UiD« Mnh u n (cii nhan) a S d i ^ m i h i p n h i u f i i y lai qua trinh lam viec nbdm va dinh gii kfi't Phfqig chong Iham beu (c^idiin) qua khd cdng b^ng va thidu tin cay giffa cic SOC kbw: m6i miatig t o i g i n b SIfc timi nfii inlBn^ v i B ^ ogbifp) C6rinhJi:iinntni nraig danh i i e h 4/15 nhii i f i i u t n Hmg u i u dli Hinh Nkugc diem cOa phUang dp SBL theo q diem cda ngUdi hgc (n=53I) J>.ch if hoc b«nh k M n g iniyf n nbiim iciinban chuy«n n g i n h Dich t l - l b t n ^ U ) Dich ik biK b«nh Iniy^n ohif m [cii nhin cbuytB nganb D)ch ij-Tbfng Ul Q n i n K i itfae boc Y T C O SSc U B C nghf Dghiep id nhin dmvfn nginh SHc Ooi mOi DuOng v i n g b i ngUfp) Tap chi Y te Cong cong, 1.2015, S6' 34 31 ITfiNGQdAN&NGHrlNeiiUI 3.3 Mgt sddiiu kifn ddm bao triin khai co hifu qua SBL tgi tnUfng BHYTCC - Tinh hudng phai cd tinh thtfc te, ha'p dan, sd Itfdng tinh hudng phii pbong phd: Tinh hudng dtfdc xiy dtfng sit vdi thrfc tiln cdng tic ciing nhtf cbrfc ning, niiifim vu cua hpc vien va sinh vifin ichi trtfdng se lam ting brfag thii ciia ngtfdi hpc dd'i vdi mdn hpc, dac biet dd'i vdi nhffng ngtfdi hpc da cd ldnh nghifim lam vific: ngtfdi hpc vific cln diu ttf thdi gian tim hieu tai Ii?u tham khao, doc ky ly thuyet vi gidi quyfi't dnh hudng Vific cd qui nhidu mdn hpc i p dung phtfdng phip se giy mfit mdi cbo ngtfdi hpc, tham chi giy "tic dung ngtfdc": ngtfdi hpc ddi phd bang each y lai tbanh vifin Ichic hoac chdp bai Trong cac cudc thao lu^n nbdm vdi cac nbdm ddi ttfdng, day !a ^ kien dtfdc nhie tdi nhieu nha't: "Mdt ky khdng nin cd qud mdn dp dung SBL, "Em cdn nhd Id cd mdn hgc, mdn Ndng cao sdc chiing em se cd thdi gian vd se ldm lot han, the hiin khoe, cd dua mdt tinh hud'ng benh vien, benh dugc tdt cd khd ndng, ndng lUc cua chiing em, nhieu vifn nai em ldm cung cd vdn de tuang tif, thi Id em han Id lodng vd khdng thu dugc kit qud cao" (TLN ve emcd thi dp dung dugc ngay, nhuthirdl Id lot" VLVH5) - Ddm bao sd phdng hpc (40 smh vien/pbdng), {TLN,CHYTCC15) du trang thiel bi can Ihidt - Giang vifin/trd giang: dii sd Itfdng, cd ky nang Vific chia ldp thinh nhieu gidng dtfdng se giup va thdng nhat vd chuyen mdn cbo vific thao ludn nhdm va trinh bay san pham Drfng tren quan diem ciia ca ngrfdi hpc va ngtfdi dtfdc hifiu qud hdn De lim dtfdc dieu nay, yeu cau giang, de cd thd i p dung SBL, bd radn cln cd dii sd' ve sd ltfdng phdng hpc can dtfdc dam bao: Itfdng giang vifin va trd giang: "Ve ca sd vdt chd't thi em nghi Id cung cdn phdi "Khi hudng ddn SBL tren ldp, ldp ddng, sd'lugng nhdm cung rdt Id nhiiu md chl cd 1-2 thdy cd hudng cd sdphdng hoc du thi mdi ddm bdo viic chia gidng ddn, mdc dd Id cdc thay cd d trUdng minh rdt Id nhiet dudng nhu bd rndn sdc khde mdi trudng dd ldm, cd linh nhung md ldp ddng nhu the thi thdi gian thdy cd khda cd khodng 120 bgn chia thdnh gidng dudng Id thich hgp nhdt" (TLN, CNCQ K8) hudng ddn cho mdi nhdm Id rdt it" (TLN, VLVH5) - Tap huan ve SBL cbo ngtfdi hpc Ngoai ra, cic giang vien/trp giang cln phai cd Cdc ^ kidn tff phia hpc vien va sinh vien cho k^ nang htfdng dan, giam sit qui trinh tham gia thi'y, tip hud'n vd phtfdng phap SBL va ky nang lim boat dpng nhdm de dinh gii cdng bang giffa cac vific nhdm li mdt didu quan trgng de dam bdo hifiu tbanh vifin nhdm, die biet phai thd'ng nhat qud cua phtfdng phip SBL cic ^ Icidn vd chuyfin mdn, trinh gay hoang mang cho ngtfdi bpc; Ban luSn "Gidng vien cdn cd phuang thdc ddnh gid cdng Kdt qud nghifin crfu cho thay da sdngtfdi hpc vi bdng delai cd mgi ngUdi cdng tham gia, nhuthiSBL mdi cd hiiu qud" ""em thdy gida cdc gido viin vdi ngtfdi day ddu ddng J' hoc tip bSng SBL giup ngtfdi hpc ting linh chu ddng hpc tap, tang ctfdng ky mot bg mdn vi cdng mdt vdn de lhi nen ning lim vific nhdm, xic dinh, pban tich, gidi quyet cd su thdng nhdt ve y kien " (TLN, CNCQ K9) van de, viet va trlnh bay bao edo Nhffng tfu diem - Thdi khda bifi'u hdp I^: bfi'tri xeti ke tbdi gian niy cung cd thd tha'y d nhffng phtfdng phap hpc tap thao luan, ttf hoc, trinh biy tich ctfc khdc vi du phtfdng phip PBL, boat ddng - So' thinh vifin/nhdm khoang tff 5-10 agtfdi: nhdm, nghien ctfu tinh hudng [2] Tuy nhien, linh Phtfdng phip SBL yfiu clu phai boat ddng theo budng SBL tbtfdng ddi hdi phai xay dtfng toan nbdm, nbien sd Itfdng thinh vifin mdi difin hdn, %in chat vdi thtfc tifin cdng tic cung nhtf nhdm cln phai hdp lj', ddng qui se dan tdi hien cbtfc nang, nhiem vu cua ngtfdi hpc trtfdng, ttfdng y lai, cdn it qui thi se khd khan vific tim vi thd se gidp cho ngtfdi hpc mtfdng ttfdng dtfdc lufi'm tii lifiu va chia se thdng tin Kdt qud nghifin cdng vific hp se phdi trien khai ttfdng lai, ctftf dinb linh va dmh Itfdng deu chi rd didu niy chuan bi cho hp nhffng kien thrfc vi ky nang can - Dam bdo khdng cd qui mdn ip dung SBL thiet de cd thd rfng phd dtfdc vdi thtfc te cdng vific mpl hpc ky sau [2] Do dd, ben canh nhffng tfu diem trfin, SBL cdn cd iTu diem li cd linb thtfc ti§n cao va tang Hpc tip tbeo phtfdng phip SBL tao ip Itfc cho 32 Tap chi Y td Cdng cdng, 1.2015, Sd 34 ITONGQUiUl&NGKrEHCUIfl cd bdi ip dung ly thuydt vao finh hudng cu tbe [4] "Nhtfdc diem" dtfdc nhac tdi nhieu nhat cua SBL dd li viec "dau ttf thtJi gian qui mrfc cho phep" de cd the giai quye't dtfdc muc tieu cua bai tip mac da ngtfdi hpc cung thffa nban vific dau ttf tbdi gian tim kiem tii hfiu li mfit nhffng nhiem vu bat budc cua ngtfdi hpc Tuy nhifin, d?t vio bdi cdnh hien tai cua irtfdng DHYTCC, cd qui nhidu mdn hpc ip dung phtfdng phdp niy (vi du ldp crf nhdn nim thtf cd 6/9 mdn ip dung SBL), gay ap Itfc rd't ldn cbo ngtfdi bpc thi kdt qua la hoin loan hdp ly COng gidng nhtf cic phtfdng phip cd yfiu cau vific lam vific nhdm khdc, SBL cung cd mpt sd cic nhtfdc didm cua lam vific nhdm nhtf: cic vifin nbdm y lai vio mpt hoac mdt vai ci nhan va viec danb gii li khd cdng bang giffa cic tbanh vifin [4] VI vay dd i p dung hifiu qud phtfdng phap ddi hdi ngtfdi hpc phai cd tinh ttf giic hoc tdp Ddng thdi, cdc bp mdn cflng cln ip dung each thffc theo ddi, danh gii cho Idch Ihich dtfdc stf tbam gia ciia cdc vien nhdm va tao dtfdc stf cdng bdng dinh gid cdc boat dgng nhdm qua dinh gia ciia dd'i tffdng cao hpc tich ctfc hdn so vdi ddi ttfdng crf nhdn Dieu dd cd thd li cic hoc vifin cao bgc nhffng ngtfdi da cd kinh nghiem thtfc td vi trinh dp cao hdn sinh vien crf nhan dd hp se cd htfng thd hdn dtfdc hpc tdp bang phtfdng phap gan 1^ thuydt vdi tinh hudng thtfc id nhtf SBL Kfi't qua dinb gii tinh phu hdp cua SBL ddi vdi tffng radn hoc cho thay cdc mdn giang cbo dd'i ttfdng crf nhan chuyen nginh bo^c cao bgc dtfdc ddnh gid ticb ctfc hdn so vdi cic mdn giang cho ddi ttfdng crf, nhan cbtfa chia chuyfin nginh Dieu niy cd the dtfdc IJJ gidi: Thrf nha't Id sy sd ldp bpc: Tai trtfdng DHYTCC, ldp cff nban cbuyen nganh cd sy so' khodng 25-30 sinh vien, ldp cao hpc khodng 70-80 hpc vifin, dd ldp crf nhan chtfa phan chia chuyfin nganh li khoang 120-lSO sinh vien Ddi vdi mpt phtfdng phip doi hdi phdi boat ddng nhdm vd can cd stf ho trd cua gidng vifin/trd giang cho mdi nhdm nhrf SBL thi rd rang neu ldp qui ddng (trong ngudn Itfc khdng ddi) thi hifiu qua thu dtfdc se bi giam so vdi ldp cd sd ltfdng ngtfdi hpc vtfa phai hoic il Tbtf hai la ip Itfc cua vific hgc SBL: Dd'i vdi ldp crf nhan cbuyen nginh hay cao hpc, sd mdn bpc SBL ciing ip dung mdt tbdi didm chi khoang 1-2 mdn dd d ddi itfdng cdn lai, sd mdn bpc ip dung SBL ciing mdt thdi diem cd the len tdi mon Didu nay cd thd anb htfdng rd't ldn tdi dp Itfc vd tbdi gian vd stf htfng thii cua ngtfdi bgc dd'i vdi vi^c bpc tdp, dd anh htfdng tdi kdt qud ddnh gid mdn hpc Khi so sdnh ket qud danb gii cua cilng mpt mdn hpc nhtfng dtfdc giang cho ddi ttfdng khic nhau, vi du Ning cao stfc khde gidng cho hai ddi ttfdng crf nban va cao hpc, ta thay, kfi't Tdm lai, nghifin crfu cho thay trfin 70% ddng ^ vdi cictfudidm ciia SBL nhtf tang ky nang lim viec nhdm, xic dinh-phdn tich-gidi quydt va'n de, viettrinh biy bio cdo,chu ddng Vd nhtfdc diem, 80% ngtfdi hgc cho ring SBL ddi hdi ngtfdi hgc dau ttf qua nhieu thdi gian; khidn ngtfdi bpc y lai vi khd danh gii cdng bang; 80% ngtfdi day de cdp tdi cdc yeu cau ve ngudn Itfc Trong sd 15 mdn bgc dtfdc danh gii, cic mon hpc phii hdp nha't bao gdm: Dich tfi hpc bfinh truydo nhiem vi khdng truyen nhilm, Quan Iy y tdvd Stfc khde nghe nghifip (crf nhan chuyen nginh) Cac mdn khdng phff hdp nha't gdm: Srfc khde sinh sdn, Dinh drfdng vfi sinh an loin thrfc pham, phdng chdng thdm hpa va srfc khde mdi trrfdng (cii nhan) Kfi't qua nghidn crfu di cho tha'y de ap dung SBL bieu qua, dieu quan la cln xay dtfng tinh budng hay, ha'p din, cd tinh thtfc tiln cao; can co mfit so quy dinh vific phan chia nhdm vi nhffng yeu cau nhi't dinh hfin quan tdi ngudn Itfc (bao gdm ca ngudn nhdn Itfc, ngudn tai Ufiu tham khao vi cd sd vat chat phuc vu gidng day) Didu cung hoin loan phff hdp vdi 1^ thuyet ve SBL va cung da drfdc nhin nhdn bdi cic chuyfin gia trfin the gidi [4] Mac du nghien cffu dtfdc thrfc hifin tren sdltfdng mau ttfdng dfi'i ldn vdi quy trinb chit cbe, luy nhien cac kfi't qua dinh gid chu yeu dtfa vio cam nhdn vi pban rfng cua boc vifin, pbam vi cua ngbien ctfu vin chtfa ddnh gii dtfdc stf thay ddi kidn thffc, thai dp, Iti ning va hinb vi sau khda hgc Nghifin crfu da chi mpt sd'dieu kien can thidt de dam bao dp dung SBL, bao gdm cdc dieu Iden tff phia nba trrfdng va bp mdn nhtf tinh budng thtfc te, khdng cd qui mdn dp dung SBL, bd' tri iich giang hdp i^i giang vien/trd giing phai dii vi sd'ltfdng vd cha't Itfdng, dam bao sd phdng hpc ; cic ydu tdttf phia ngtfdi hpc nhtf sd vien nbdm tff 57 ngtfdi, dtfdc tap huan vd SBL Trong thdi gian tdi, trtfdng DHYTCC vdn nen tn i p dung SBL, nhifin can Itfu $: khdng che so' Itfdng khdng qui mdn i p dung SBL irong mpt Tap chi Y te Cdng cdng, 1.2015, Sd 34 33 ITftNGQfllUI&HBHIENCirBI thdi d i e m ; tdp hua'n cho ngtfdi hoc vd phtfdng phap:, trao quydn cho BM vific xay dtfng tai lieu v i to chffc giang day dd can nh^c ddn ngudn n h a n Itfc, lang nghe phdn hdi tff ngtfdi hpc, dtfa e a c h d d n h g i i giam tiiieu stf md^t cdng b a n g , s d itfdng t h a n h vien nbdm v i khdng n e n srf dung SBL q u i ndm h e n tidp Tai li^u tbam khao Tiehg Anta rirngVi^t Dana Mietzner and Guido Regcr, Advantages and disadvantages of scenario approaches for strategic foresight Int J Technology Intelligence and Planning, Vol 1, No 2,2005 l H a VSn Nhir va cpng sfl (2010), Danh gid k£t qua trien khai phUdng phdp hgc tip dUa trcD linb huong lai tnrdng Bai bpc V I ^ coDg c$Dg, Tnrdng DH Y te cdng cpng Nguyen Thanh Hdi vk cs (2010), Gidi thi?u mOt s^phiflJng friiap giang day cai lien gidp sinh vi£n hpc t|p chii dSng vk trai Dgfai^m, dal cac lieu chuin diu tbeo CDIO, Hpi thao CDIO 2010, Dai hpc Qu^c gU Ha Ndi 34 T a p chi Y td Cdng cdng, 1.2015, Sd 34 SBL la rapt phtfdng phdp hpc tich ctfc vdi nhidu tftf diem, c i c trtfdng d a o tao vd YTCC cd the tham khao phtfdng p h i p hgc n i y n h a m t i n g ctfdng tinh chu ddng va kha nang nhin nhan, giai quydt vd'n dfi mdt each da chidu cua ngtfdi hpc Kindley,R.W (2002) Scenario Based E-Learaing: A step beyond traditional eleaming, Retrieved January 2003 from the Worid Wide Web:http://www.leamingcircuits.coin/2002/may2002/kindl ey.html ... doc ky ly thuyet vi gidi quyfi''t dnh hudng Vific cd qui nhidu mdn hpc i p dung phtfdng phip se giy mfit mdi cbo ngtfdi hpc, tham chi giy "tic dung ngtfdc": ngtfdi hpc ddi phd bang each y lai... ddi ttfdng crf, nhan cbtfa chia chuyfin nginh Dieu niy cd the dtfdc IJJ gidi: Thrf nha''t Id sy sd ldp bpc: Tai trtfdng DHYTCC, ldp cff nban cbuyen nganh cd sy so'' khodng 25-30 sinh vien, ldp cao... hoc ma ca giang vien cling cam thS ''y thu lai dtfdc nhidu bai hpc qua qui trinh "Phuang phdp ndy yeu cdu phdi chia thdnh nhiiu xay dtfng tai lifiu va trie''n khai Sp dung: nhdm nhd gidng vien phdi