Xay dung he thd'ng bai tap tinh hud'ng BTTH duge hieu la viee su dung cac eau chuyen ed thue hay gia dinh, ciing nhu cac su kien di6n bien hang ngay trong cudc sdng va boat ddng ciia eon
Trang 1QUY TRINH XAY DL/NG HE THONG BAI TAP TINH HUONG OE 061 MOI SEMINAR THEO PHLfONG PHAP TINH HUONG TRONG D/\Y HOC IVICDN T A M LY HOC CHO SINH VIEN TRUONG DHNN - OHQGHN
TS D 6 THI CHAU
Bg mdn Tdm ly - Gido due Trudng DHNN - DHQGHN
1 Xay dung he thd'ng bai tap tinh hud'ng (BTTH) duge hieu la viee
su dung cac eau chuyen ed thue hay gia dinh, ciing nhu cac su kien di6n bien hang ngay trong cudc sdng va boat ddng ciia eon ngudi -nhiing cai da duge dang tai tren cac phuang tien thdng tin dai ehung (sach, bao, Internet, truyen hinh, dai phat thanh ) de thiet ke va dua
ra cac dang bai tap phii hgp vdi yeu eau ve ndi dung giang day ciia mdn hge nham ddi mdi seminar trong day hgc mdn Tam ly hgc cho sinh vien (SV) trudng DHNN - DHQGHN gdp phan nang cao cha't lugng dao tao
Viee xay dung he thd'ng bai tap - bai tap tinh hud'ng de doi mdi seminar trong day hge mdn tam ly hge cho SV khdng chuyen phai tuan theo mot quy trinh khoa hgc Quy trinh xay dung he thd'ng BTTH
la mot tien trinh bao gdm cac giai doan (GD), cac budc, cac thao tac duge sap xep theo mot trinh tu Idgieh nha't dinh ed mdi lien he chat che vdi nhau Quy trinh xay dung he thd'ng BTTH la mot he thd'ng loan ven, trong dd cac thanh td (giai doan) ciia nd lien ket, gan bd chat che vdi nhau theo mot trinh tu logic ggi la quy trinh vi md Quy trinh
VI md nay lai duge tao nen bdi cac khau, cac budc, cac thao tac nhd ban nira cd tinh chat thii bae vdi tu each la nhirng quy trinh vi md Mdi khau, mdi budc thue hien nhiing ehiie nang khae nhau nhung deu gdp
Trang 2phan dat tdi muc dich xay, dung he thd'ng BTTH de doi mdi seminar trong day hge mdn tam ly hge cho SV khdng chuyen Quy trinh vT md xay dung he thdng bai tap gdm ed cac GD nhu sau:
Giai doan chuan bi -> giai doan td ehiic thir nghiem -> giai doan kiem tra - danh gia -> giai doan hoan thien Va sau day la nhiing va'n
de eu the trong tiing giai doan
2 Cac giai doan trong quy trinh xay dung he thong bai tap tinh huong
de do! mdi viee to churc seminar theo phUdng phap tinh huong
A Giai doan 1: Giai doan cliuan bi
Al GV cliudn bi
Giao vien (GV) xay dung hi thd'ng BTTH va he thdng chu di thao
ludn de hudng din SV chuan bi cho viee td chiie seminar theo chti de
GD chuan bi ddi vdi GV gdm 2 budc ea ban:
Budc I: Dge, nghe, xem nham tim kiem, thu thap va chgn Igc tai
lieu sao cho phii hgp vdi tiing ndi dung bai giang de xay dung nen
phan ndi dung bdi tap tinh hudng
Budc 2: Dat cac eau bdi cho tirng ndi dung (phan edu hoi)
* Cdc tiiu chi di xay dung ETTH:
1/ BTTH phai bam sat ndi dung bai hgc ;
2/ BTTH can duge xay dung tii nhiing mau chuyen, thdng tin -nhung cai da duge dang tai tren cac phuang tien thdng tin dai chiing ; 3/ BTTH phai xay dung theo ea 2 hudng tich cue va tieu cue trong thue tidn giao due hien nay tren the gidi va d Viet Nam ;
4/ BTTH phai cd tac dung giao due ca 4 mat: dire, tri, the va mi
* Nhiing nguyin tac eua viee xdy dung BTTH
1 BTTH, eau hoi phai cd tinh KH va tinh he thd'ng;
2 Bai tap, eau hoi phai cd tinh su pham;
3 Bai tap, eau hoi phai tinh loan dien;
4 Cau hoi phai ed tac dung budc SV boat ddng;
5 Bai tap, cau hoi phai cd tinh hap dan;
Trang 36 Bai tap, eau hoi phai ed tinh da dang ve hinh thiic phong phii ve ndi dung
* Ca sd ly ludn di soan thao cac eau hdi cho BTTH la theo quan diem ciia B.J.Bloom va eu the ed 8 loai eau hdi sau: Cau hdi nhdn bii't; cau hdi gidi thich; Cau hdi van dung; Cau hbiphdn tich; Cau hdi tdng
hgp; cau hdi ddnh gid; Cau hdi ed tinh khdi qudt hod; Cau hdi cd tinh tuludn sdng tgo
* Mdi bdi tap tinh hudng cd 3 phan chinh:
Cac phan ciia BTTH
1 Ten tinh hud'ng
Noi dung cua cac phan
La ten (tit) nguyen van ciia cau chuyen, mau tin hay la ten do GV tu dat theo yeu cSu ciia bai hoc
2 Ngi dung tinh hud'ng (TH)
La ndi dung ciia cau chuyen, mau tin - nhung cai duge trich nguyen van hay do GV luge trich roi bien tap lai theo ngi dung ciia tiTng van de (sau mdi ngi dung tinh hudng deu cd nguon gdc va dia chi trich din ciia cau chuyen, m^u tin de dam bao do tin cay khach quan cua cau chuyen, mau tin dd)
3 Cdu hdi
(CH)
La he thdng CH hudng din SV hgc bai do GV tu dat ra theo tiing ngi dung ciia mdi TH va yeu cau ciia bai hoc
A2 Sinh viin chuan bi (SV chudn bi ehinh la budc 1, 2 va 3 ciia
GD 2 ma ehiing tdi se trinh bay ki d GD 2)
6 Giai doan 2: Giai doan td chide ttiurnghiiem
GV to ehiic seminar theo hudng thue nghiem bang PP tinh hud'ng (ed sir dung he thd'ng BTTH do GV bien soan ket hgp vdi su chuan bi tai lieu thao luan cua SV theo chii de)
* Cdc budc tdehde thdo ludn theo chu di
Trang 4Cac budc
l.SV
ddng ki chu de
2 SV chuan bi tdi lieu
3 SV thdo ludn trin Idp
4 GV tdng ki't
Noi dung turng budc
SV bdc tham chii de do GV bien soan theo tiing hoc trinh (budc nay duge thue hien trudc 1-2 tuan thao luan d Idp)
Tiing nhdm (5-6 SV) dudi su td ehiic, dieu khien ciia nhdm trudng ve nha tim kiem tai lieu de xay dung nen cac BTTH theo chu de
da dang ki
Dudi su td chiic, dieu khien ciia GV, dai dien timg nhdm SV len trinh bay cac BTTH theo chii de ciia nhdm minh trudc Idp de tat
ca SV Cling thao luan, tranh luan va di den ket luan van de (riit ra cac bai hgc kinh nghiem, ket luan su pham)
- GV nhan xet, danh gia uu, nhugc diem
va tdng ket de chdt lai nhung van de co ban nha't cua turng ndi dung da thao luan
- GV ve nha cham diem tren ca sd timg nhdm SV tu danh gia va cha'm diem lln cho nhau
* Nhin ehung cdc budc chuan bi cua SV la nhu sau:
- Budc 1: Dge lai phSn ly luan ed lien quan den chii dd da dang ki;
- Budc 2: Giai cac bai tap tinh hud'ng do GV giao (theo chii de cua
nhdm)
Hai budc lam nay rat can thiet va quan trgng, vi chiing nhu la budc dinh hudng de SV cd the thue hien tiep cac budc chuan bi tiep theo
- Budc 3: Dge, tra ciiu de thu thap thdng tin, su kien theo chii de;
- Budc 4: Xay dung tinh hud'ng (tii cac su kien, thdng tin da thu
thap duge) theo chu de gdm cd: dat ten cho tinh hud'ng va xay dung cac cau hdi cho mdi tinh hud'ngda duge lap
- Budc 5: Giai cac tinh hud'ng theo cac eau hdi da xay dung Tiic
la van dung ly thuyet (da chu^n bi d budc 1) de: nhdn dien (xac dinh)
Trang 5su kien da hge (nhae lai ndi dung: khai niem, dac diem, phan loai ),
gidi thich, phdn tich, tdng hgp, van dung ddnh gid tinh hudng;
- Budc 6: Photo tai lieu chuan bi ciia nhdm thanh 2 ban (1 ban de
nop cho GV);
- Budc 7: Phan cdng ngudi chiu trach nhiem trinh bay chii de
trudc tap the Idp;
Giai doan chuan bi (ciia GV va SV) la rat quan trgng, chuan bi cang td't thi hieu qua seminar cang eao va nguge lai, nha't la ddi vdi SV Vi trong gid seminar, GV da ehuan bi td't ve he thd'ng BT, he thd'ng de tai
va tren ea sd dd GV td chiie, hudng dan chi dao SV thue hanh, tiic la SV phai true tiep lam viee Hg chi lam td't khi da ed su chuan bi chu dao d nha, edn khdng thi chi la thu ddng, khdng cd hieu qua
Nhin ehung, SV dudi su hudng din ciia GV da ehuan bi eae tinh hud'ng theo tirng chii de la td't
* Mudn gidi quyi't duge BTTH da dua ra mot each cd kit qud, SV
phdi thue Men quy trinh vdi cdc budc sau:
- Budc mot, Nghien ciiu ca nhan (dge ki ly luan ed lien quan den
BTTH ehuan bi lam, nghien ciiu BTTH mot each can than va so luge
de dua ra each giai quyet van de) Neu can thi thao luan theo nhdm vdi
su giiip dd cua GV hoac ciia cac ban trong nhdm de dua ra each giai phii hgp
- Budc hai, Ket qua giai quyet va'n di (tim ra eau tra Idi cho CH
ciia BTTH) can phai ghi lai tdm tat de lam ca sd cho viee thao luan tren Idp vdi cac nhdm khae;
- Budc ba, SV thao luan ehung d lap (bao cao ket qua nghien ciiu,
tranh luan ) dudi su td chiic, dieu khien eiia GV rdi lang nghe phan tdng hgp y kien, nhan xet, danh gia va dua ra ket luan ciia GV de bo sung cho kien thiic eua ban than cQng nhu cua ca nhdm
C Giai doan 3: Giai doan kiem tra - danh gia
* Giai dogn nay duge tii'n hanh song song va ddng thdi vdi cdc giai dogn chuan bi vd giai dogn td ehde trin ca sd cua khdu kiem tra thudng xuyin Chang ban:
- Sau 1 thdi gian giao chii de cho SV (sau 1 tuan) GV nen kiem tra
Trang 6sa bd xem SV chudn bi den dau, cd gi khd khan, thae mac gi khdng de giai quyet kip thdi trudc khi buoi seminar di6n ra
- Trudc khi vao thao luan, GV thu tai lieu chu^n bi ctia S y v a kiem tra - danh gia so bd de ed the dieu khien, didu chinh buoi thao luan sao cho cd hieu qua (de tranh tinh trang ed nhdm ehudn bi chua td't ma GV khdng biet vSn de nghi nhdm SV dd len trinh bay chu de eua nhdm minh trudc tien thi buoi thao luan se rat ma't thdi gian, SV ma't hiing thii )
- Sau phan trinh bay eda titng "bao cao vien" (dai dien cua nhdm)
GV cd the nhan xet, danh gia de SV tha'y duge uu di^m va nhiing ton tai trong khau ehuan bi va trinh bay ciia mdi nhdm nham riit kinh nghiem cho cac thanh vien trong nhdm dd ndi rieng va cho toan the
SV ndi ehung
- Ket thiic buoi thao luan cung can phai danh gia khai quat de riit kinh nghiem cho nhirng Ian thao luan sau
* Cdn viee kiem tra ddnh gid ki't qud xdy dung hi thd'ng BTTH
eua GV seld nhu sau:
GV kiem tra - danh gia ke't qua xay dung he thd'ng BTTH ciia minh (thdng qua phieu dieu tra sinh vien va cac san ph^m eua boat ddng hge cua SV - cac bai tap ehudn bi thao luan va ket qua lam bai thi d phSn BTTH) de cd ca sd cho viee chuyen sang GD 4
D Giai doan 4: Giai doan hoan thien
GV chinh sira, bo sung, hoan thien he thd'ng BTTH va he thd'ng chii de thao luan tren ket qua thir nghiem va dilu tra khao sat ve tinh kha thi cua viee thir nghiem
3 NhCimg yeu cau doi v6l GV va SV trong quy trinh xay dimg he thong BTTH de doi mdi viee to ehure seminar mon tam ly hoe eho sinh vien theo phirdng phap tinh huong
3.1.D6iv6iGV
De cd the sir dung BTTH mot each cd hieu qua trong vide to chiic seminar theo phuang phap tinh hud'ng, thi:
- Giao vidn phai la ngudi din dat SV di theo ndi dung, chuang trinh da vach;
Trang 7- Giao vien phai hanh ddng nhu ngudi lam mSu (trong qua trinh day hgc phan ly thuyet), la ngudi trgng tai (trong qua trinh td chiic eho
SV thao luan theo chii de);
- Trong mot sd trudng hgp GV phai hanh ddng nhu mot ngudi kiem tra bang PP phan bien;
- GV phai rat nhay cam vdi cac tinh hud'ng do GV bien soan, nhat
la cac tinh hud'ng do SV xay dung nen, vi khdng phai liic nao SV cung
cd ddng quan diem, trinh do nhu GV
Tdm lai, giao vien phai vira la ngudi din dat Idp hge nhung ddng thdi lai cung phai la ngudi tham gia vao Idp hge, viTa la ngudi hdi SV nhung cung ddng thdi la ngudi tra Idi nhiing cau hdi eua SV Vi vay,
GV phai ludn ludn ed thai do cdi md ddi vdi su tham gia ddng gdp eua
SV, ddng thdi phai biet khi nao thi nen md rdng pham vi chii de thao luan nhung ddng thdi can phai biet each quay trd ve vdi van de dang thao luan va biet dirng diing liie theo diing yeu cau cua chuang trinh
3.2 Ddi vdi SV
Mdi mot PP DH mudn thanh cdng thi deu phai ed sir tham gia tich cue tir ca hai phia: GV va SV Vi vay, viee xay dung he thd'ng BTTH mudn ed hieu qua cao thi,
- SV phai chu ddng trong viee tiep thu bai hge;
- SV phai tich cue tham gia vao boat ddng tap the, dac biet la tham gia thue hien cac nhiem vu GV giao de ehuan bi cho cac buoi thao luan tren Idp Tich cue va chu ddng trinh bay y kien ciia minh ciing nhu ciia ca nhdm de tranh luan, trao ddi vdi cac nhdm khae Nhu vay, trong cac gid thue hanh, seminar, SV la chii the eua cac boat ddng dd;
4 Phuang phap tinh hud'ng la mot trong nhirng phuang phap DH gdp phan phat buy tinh tich cue eua ngudi hge, nen da va dang duge nhieu GV sir dung, nhat la vao linh vue day thue hanh (thue hanh su pham, thue hanh quan li, thue hanh kinh doanh )
Trong qua trinh DH du d cap hge nao thi viee thue hanh thao luan deu can thiet, dac biet la d cac trudng day nghe
Viee ddi mdi seminar mdn TLH theo hudng van dung PP "tinh hudng" la nham muc dich gan chat kie'n thiic TLH vdi thue tien XH
Trang 8trudc he't la vdi thue tidn giao due de giiip ngudi hgc hieu sau, hie'u rdng va'n de va bi^n van dung nhiing kie'n thiic da hgc vao viee giai quye't nhiing van de cua thue tien giao due
Tai lieu tham khao
1 Le Thi Thanh Chung Xdy dung hi thdng tinh hud'ng cd van di
deDH mdn GDH Luan van thae sT, HN 1999
2 Nguyen Thuy Hong - Nguyin Thi Ban Nhiing yiu cdu cdn
thii't khi xdy dung hi thd'ng cdu hdi, bdi tap mdn van - tiing Viet dTHCS vd THPT T/c GD, sd 4 (5/2001), tr 34-36
3 Trin Thi Huang Quy trinh xdy dung bdi tap thue hdnh gido
due hgc nhdm ren luyin ki ndng hogt ddng GD eho sinh viin sU phgm T/c GD, sd 109, 3/2005
4 Nghiem Thi Lan Nghien cdn xdy dung tinh hudng hge tap vd
dinh hudng HD nhdn thde tu chu, tich cue eua HS theo tii'n trinh gidi quyi't van di, xdy dung tri thde trong DH chuang
"Cdm dng dien td" PTTH Luan van thae sT, 2000
5 Bui Ba Luy Xdy dung hi thdng bdi tap "Dge hieu tiing Nga"
cho SV cdc trudng DH khdi ngdnh kinh te T/c Giao due, so 96
(9/2004)