HUONG DAN QUAN LI SUDUNG KAY DIMG HE T H 6 N G BAI TAP H 6 TRd DAY HOC PHAN M O N CHINH TA LtfA CHON (LdP 2,3] d CAC TRDdNG TliU HOC THtfA THIEN HUE 1 Li do din x&y dyng bdi t$p Chinh td Id mpt phan m[.]
HUONG DAN QUAN LI SUDUNG KAY DIMG HE T H N G BAI TAP H TRd DAY HOC PHAN M O N CHINH TA LtfA CHON (LdP 2,3] d CAC TRDdNG TliU HOC THtfA THIEN - HUE Pham Thi Huvng Giang Throng DHSP - Dgi hgc Hue Li din x&y dyng bdi t$p Chinh td Id mpt phan mdn quan ttpng ttong Tieng Vift Cdc bdi tgp chinh la giiip h9C sinh (HS) nam viing quy tac chinh td; hinh va phdt trien kT nang chinh td; Ren luyfn mgt sd phdm chat nhu tirih can than, tinh than ttdch nhifm ydi cdng vifc, dc tham m! vd bdi dudng ldng yeu tieng Vift, chir viet tieng Vift vd thdi quen giii gin sy ttong sdng cua tieng Vift Song tren thyc te^ HS viet sai chinh ta cdn rat phd bien Cdc Idi HS: - IChdng hieu mdi quan he giira chii vdi nghia, hoac khdng nam vung cau true tieng Vi|t; - Khdng nam viing quy tac chinh ta tieng Vift yd nhat Id ldi chinh ta bat ngudn tir ldi phat am cua phuofng ngu SGK Tieng Viet d tieu hpc dd chii y vdn de d vifc xay dyng he thdrig bai tap lya chpn (de dau ngoac dan) ddnh rieng cho mdi ddi tugng HS d timg vimg phuong ngir, ben canh nhiing bdi tap bat bupc dung chung cho HS cd nudc Nhung gidi han khudn khd mpt cudn SGK co ban, cdc bdi tap chua du da dang de khdi quat het nhimg dac diem rieng ciia timg viing phucmg ngir He thdng cdc tai lifu tham khdo gidng day cung chua chii y dirng miic ve van de Do vay, de phii hpp vdi doi tupng HS d timg dia phuang cu the, GV da phai suu tam hoac ty thiet ke dang bai tap lya chpn cho HS ciia minh Vilng Thira Thien- H u i cd nhidu hifn tugng phuang ngii dac tini, can phdi dugc chii y de ttdnh sai vd sda Ioi sai ndy Phuong ngii Thira Thien - Hue cd nhihig dac diem ngir am rieng bift ttong "buc tranh chung" ciia ngdn ngir dan tpc HS ndi nhu the ndo thi viet nhu thd dy khien tre dia phuong mac loi chinh td dnh hudng cua phuang ngir, sai Ifch so vdi vifc diing td toan dan Do su chi phdi ciia phdt dm tidng dia phuang ma ngudi Hue (trong co HS tieu hpc) thudng mac cdc ldi chii yeu sau: 1.1 Loiph^ am dau Viet chinh ta khdng phan biet nh/d/gi phdt am Ian lpn giiia cdc phu am ndy Viet: +Xe eg di lgi dpn dip (Diing: Xe eg di lgi nhgn nhip.); + Con gdi Hue noi ndng rat gio gie (Dung: Con gdi Hue noi ndng rdt nho nhe.) - Viet chinh td khdng phan bift s/x phdt dm lan lpn giira hai phu am dau Viet: + Con ed xdu that Id sdu si (Diing: Con ed sdu that la xdu xi); + Dem v{ mai dugc bo xung hai cdy xung (Diing: Dan vf m&i duge bo sung hai cdy sdng)^ 1.2 Loi phdn vdn Viet chinh td khdng phan bift vdn oi/oai phat am Idn Idn hai khudn van Viet: + Duac voai doi tien (Dimg: Dugc voi doi tien) ; + Hgc an hgc nodi (Diing: Hgc Ngdy nhgn bdi 29/12/2012 Ngdy duyf I ddng 25/01/2013 18 • T A P CHi THIET BI GIAO DUC - SO 91 - 03/2013 dn hgc noi) - Viet chinh td khdng phdn bift cdc van an/ang, en/eng, dn/dng, dn/ang, on/ong, onl ong phdt am Ian Ipn hai dm cuoi -ri/-ng Viet: + Ddy khoai lan lang khdp vuang (EKmg: Ddy khoai lang lan khdp vudn) ; + Nuac den chdng moi nhdy (Ehing: Nuac den chdn mai nhdy) - Vidt chinh ta khdng phan bift cdc van ac/at, dc/dt, dt/dc, et/ec, iet/iec, uc/ut, uc/ut, udd uot phat am lan Ipn hai dm cudi -c/-t, Viet: + Nguai ta Id hoa ddc (Dimg: Nguai ta Id hoa ddt); + Uong nuot nha nguon (Dung: Uong nuac nha nguon) 1.3 Loi dieu - Viet chinh td khdng phan bift hdi, nga phdt dm khdng phan biet hai ddu Viet: + Tinh sdu nghia ngng (Diing: Tinh sdu nghia ngng); + An gud nha ke cdy (Diing: An gud nha ke cdy.) Do anh hudng cua phuong ngu ma HS ^Thua Thien Hue mac kha nhieu ldi sai Nhung Idi sai cdn phdi dupc luyen dd phan biet, de sua, hinh thWi cho HS thdi quen sd dyng ti&ig Vift diing chinh td Vi vay, vifc xdy dung mot hf thdng bai tap chinh td da d?mg, phong phii vd phu hop cho viing phucmg ngu Thira Thien Hud la rdt quan ^ ttong, nhdt Id HS ddu cdp Tilu hpc (Idp 2, ldp 3) Xdy dyng mft H U O N Q DAN QUAN LI SUDUNG hf thong bai tap chinh td lya chpn ldp 2, ldp d Thua Thien Hue phong phu, phii hgp vdi chu diern hpc tdp ttong SGK hd ttg dac lyc cho GV Idm tu hfu ttong day hgc thyc hdnh bdi tdp phuang ngy phii hpp vdi ddi tugng HS Thdng qua he th6ng bai tap chinh td lya chpn thich hgp, nang Iyc chinh ta cua HS se dugc hinh thdnh mpt each ty nhien vd ben vung, md khdng can d8n nhidu nhung kidn thiic phiic tap, n^ng ne Nguygn tac xay dyng hf Ihong bdi tap 2.1 Bdi tgp chinh td phit hgp v&i m^c tieu cUa phdn mon Chinh td Xay dung bai tap chinh td nham ren ki nang viet chinh td cho HS, gdp phdn ren luyfn mdt so thao tdc tu duy, bdi dudng tmh yeu tieng ndi dan tpc cho tte No khdng nam ngodi muc tieu chung ciia phdn mdn, ma ngugc lai phai bam sdt myc tieu dd Dieu dd cd nghia Id bdi tap chinh td lya chpn phai giup HS ren cdc Id nang viet, nghe Ddng thdi bai tap chinh td lya chpn giiip HS luyfn viet diing cdc am, van, thMih de viet sai chinh td cdch phdt am dia phuong Ngodi bdi tap ve chinh ta phuong ngy cung cap cho HS vdn tii, vdn hieu biet ve ty nhien, xa hpi, ve the gidi xung quanh, ve cudc sdng mudn mau 2.2 Bdi tgp chinh td dam bdo tinh khoa hoc, thirc tien Tinh khoa hpc ddi hdi hf thdng bai t^p phdi cd sy tiiong nhat giua If rih bdi tap va ngy lieu bdi tap Cdu l&di bai tap can phdi hdt Slic ngdn gpn, ro rang, khdng ddi ddng, rudm rd, rac rdi, gdy sy khd hieu vd nhdm ldn cho ngudi lani bdi Tinh thyc tien ydu cau he thdng bdi t|ip phai hudng den vifc hinh thdnh d cdc em nhiing kl nang can thiet cho vifc hpc t^p cua HS d ttong nhd tiudng vd vifc giao tiep ciia cdc em ttong mdi trudng xa hpi Ngu lifu bai tap c6 the lay tir nhieu ngu^n khdc nhau: tho, van xudi, cdu dd vdi nfi dung xoay quanh cdc van de ciia ddi sdng 2.3 Ddm bdo tinh vi^a sire vd tich cfrc hda hogt dgng cda HS Vdi HS tieu hpc, mdi cdp ldp khac Iai cd nhiing diem khdc vd dac diem tam li, nhan thiic, khd narig ngdn ngli HS cac ldp ddu cdp (ldp 1, ldp 2), mdi bdt ddu dupc Idm quen vdi chu vilt, dupc thyc hdnh viet chmh td, nen nang Iyc ngdn ngu cdn kem; khd nang viet, dpc cdn ch^m, ghi nhd chua cd chii dinh, chli yeu dupc lap di lap lai nhieu Idn thdi quen nen nang luc ngdn ngii, rihdt Id kl nang chinh td chua cao vd chua ben vung Dan dan len cac Idp ldn han (ldp 3, ldp 4, Idp 5), HS dugc ndng cao han ve kT nang viet, phan vift ldi chinh td, kha nang tu khoa hpc cua cdc em ciing dugc ndng len mpt bac so vdi trudc Vi vdy, cdc bdi tap chinh td dugc xay dyng can phdi tinh den tinh vua stic vdi HS Bdi tap khdng dugc qua khd hoac qud de Bdi tap can phii hgp vdi khd nang ngdn ngir ciia cdc em de HS cd the thyc hifn vda khdng qua nhe nhdng cimg khdng qud n ^ g ne vdi thm hieu biet cua minh Dp khd ciia bdi tap cimg can dupc ndng ddn len qua cdc ldp, phii hpp vdi mdc dg nhan thiic ciia HS Bdi tdp sau can khai thdc, cung cd vd vdn dung cdc kT nang chinh td da dugc luyfn d ldp trudc 2.4 Gdn vdi dgtc trung phuvng ngir Thira Thien Hue Vi bdi tap chinh td lua chpn Id d^ng bdi tap dk luyfn ttdnh cdc Ioi cdch phdt am anh hudng ciia phuong ngii nen cdc bdi tap xdy dyng can dac bift chli y xoay quanh cdc ldi sai ciia dia phuang dd Xay dung bdi tap chmh ta lya chpn cho HS Thira Thien Hue nen npi dung bdi tap tap trung di sau vdo khai thdc cac ldi chinh td phdt am chua dung chinh am d xd Hue: cac Idi ve dm ddu, am dem, dm cudi, difu cua dia phuang ndy Ngy lieu de xdy dung cdc bdi tap chinh ta ciing phai gan gui, gan vdi cudc sdng hdng ngdy ciia cdc em Mft $6 bai tap minh hoa -PHANBIET S/X Bai tap 1: Dien hoac x vao cho cho thich hop Bdp dn: san bay - rap xiec - bang - xdi nep {Hinh 1) PHAN BIET NH/D Bai tap 2: Dien vao cho d hay nh ? - giay d , nhan d - ndi dc , dc Ddp dn: - giay dd , nhan nhd; - ndi d d c , nhdc Bdi tdp 3: Glai chir Gai y: Cac d chu bat ddu bang s hoac x Ddng I: Thi ttdn du Hch ndi tieiig ciia tinh Ldo Cai, noi cd nhieu cdnh dep nhu thac Bac, cau May, cdng Trdi, rirng Tnic Dong 2: Sinh vdt d bidn, cd bd xuang da vdi dang canh hoa, nhieu mdu sac rye Ddng 3: Sinh vat cd hinh ngdi sao, sdng d dudi bien.Ddng 4: Hien tugng mdt dam mdy bay la sdt hogc xudng mat ddt, mat nudc Ddng 5: (Qua) cdn TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC-SO 91-03/2013 • 19 HUCNG DAN QUAN LI SUDUNG - Sdn phdm (^ bdn:/wing/ioQ - Ngudi d canh nhd mmh : ldng giing, hdng xom 4.LCfIKtT Hf thdng cdc bai tap da dang nhu:_ dien am, dien van vdo cho ttdng, ndi am de tir diing chinh ta, giai cau ;sir dyng cdc ngy lifu tir van, tho, ddng dao, thdnh ngu, tyc ngii ;su dyng cdc hinh dnh tryc quan sinh dpng vd nhung sy vat hifn tugng, nhung hoat dpng vdn gan gui, binh di gan vdi cdc chu diem d Tieng Viet tieu hpc; ddng thdi bdi tap xay dyng theo nguyen tac dam bao tinh khoa hpc, tinh tich cue, tinh he thdng va tich cyc hoa hoat ddng ciia HS, phii hpp vdi myc tieu mon hgc Iam cho cdc bdi tap thiet ke tao himg thli hpc tap cho HS va mang lai hifu qua day hpc tich cue Hinh bdi tdp an bay 01 nep _,—_, 5- A| I l l l l l zzz P| ^ A , I I I r m I S S S| A o s X £)dp dn: PHAN BIET AN/ANG non, chua chin Ddng 6: Da qua tir lau, trai nghTa vdi tir Ddng 7: Hinh ve de, md td, tdm tat, ghi nhd nhanh Dong 8: Trai nghTa vdi Toi Ddng 9: Loai cay sdng nhieu tten cat, than mgng nudc Id bidn gai (xem hinh bai tap 3) 20 A B IS X u N A S H e N N X s A N N G Bdi tap: Tim tir ngu* cd tieng ctiira van an hay ang, cd nghia nhusau: - Nhac cy dpc dao ciia Vift Nam, chi cd mpt day - Sdn phdm de bdn - Ngudi d canh nhd minh Bdp dn: - Nhac cy dpc ddo ciia Vi^t Nam, chi cd mgt day : ddn bdu * TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC-SO - / A Pl M ul A D G R 61 A| N 61 N|