•DW^mf^ so 6 2014 ^mSS^^ J Day hpc giai quyet van de mgt phirofng phap day hpc tfch circ mang lai hieu qua cao TRAN THI LAN Hl/ONG Khoa KT QTKD, TrUdng D^i hgc H6ng DUc Nhu chOng ta da biet, moi mot p[.]
•DW^mf^ so 6-2014 ^mSS^^-J Day hpc giai quyet van de - mgt phirofng phap day hpc tfch circ mang lai hieu qua cao TRAN THI LAN Hl/ONG Khoa KT - QTKD, TrUdng D^i hgc H6ng DUc N hu chOng ta da biet, moi mot phUdng phdp giang d^y dCi cd dien hay hien d^i d$u nhan m^nh l€n m$t khia c^nh nSo dd cCia cd ch^ day-hgc holic nhSfn manh ISn mat n i o thu$c v l vai tro cOa ngudi thSy ChiJng t6i cho r&ng, cho du cac phUdng phSp t h i hi^n hieu quS nhu t h ^ nko thi n6 v i n tdn t^i m^t vki khfa cgnh ma ngudi hpc vk ngudi dgy chUa khai thSc het Chfnh vl the mk khong co mpt phUdng phap giing dgy ndo dupe cho ia iy tUdng Mdi mpt phUdng phdp deu cd Uu d i l m cua nd vSy ngudi thay nen xay di/ng cho mlnh mdt phUdng phdp rieng phCi hpp vdi muc tiSu, ban chat cua van de can trao ddi, phu hpp vdi phan nhdm idp hpc, cac ngudn iuc, cdng CM dgy-hpc s i n cd va cudi cCing ia phu hpp vdi sd thfch cCia mlnh Phuong phdp giling dgy dupe gpi III tfch ci/c neu hpi tg dupe cac ydu td sau: Thd hien rd vai trd ciSa ngudn thong tin va cdc ngudn li/c s i n CO Thi hi$n ro dupe d^ng cd hpc tap cCia ngUdi hpc bat dau mdn hpc The hidn ro dUdc bin chat va mUc dd kien thUc can huy d$ng Thd hien ro dupe vai trd cda ngUdi hpc, ngudi dgy, vai trd cOa cac mdi tUdng tdc qua trinh hpc Thd hidn dupc kdt qua mong dpi cOa ngudi hpc I PHl/dNG PHAP DiBiT HQC GIAI QUYET VAN DE PhUdng phdp c6 the dUpe xem nhU mdt cdch xay di^ng tdng the mpt dd eUPng giSng dgy hoae la mdt nhUng cdch dUpc ngudi dgy dp dgng de xay dpng de CUdng giang dgy cho mdt mdn hpc PhUdng phdp xufi't hi#n vao ndm 1970 tai trudng Dgi hpc HamiltonCanada, sau dupe phat trien nhanh chong tgi TrUdng Dgi hpc Maastricht-Hd Lan PhUdng phdp ndy ddi va dupe dp dpng rdng rai di;a trdn nhij'ng idp luan sau: Sl/ phat tridn nhu vu bao eOa KHCN nhiing thap nidn g i n dSy, trdi ngupc vdi nd la kha nang khdng the dgy hdt cho ngUdi hpc mpi didu Kien thUc ciDa ngUdi hpc th) cdng hao mdn tU ndm ndy qua ndm khdc, edng them la sp eheeh lech glQa kidn thUc thye td va kien thUc thu dUpc tCf nhd trUdng Vi^c giang dgy cdn qud nang vd ly' thuydt, cdn qud coi trpng vai trd cOa ngUdi dgy, chUa sdt thyc vd chUa ddp Ung dupe yeu c£u cua thpc te Tlnh chat thy ddng hpc tdp cOa ngUdi hpe so vdi vai trd truyln tki cCia ngudi dgy cdn cao ma sd lupng ngudi hpc mdt Idp cdng tang Hogt ddng nhan thUc cdn d mUc dp thSp so vdi yeu cau CLia thyc td (vl dg nhU kha nang dpc va khai thdc mpt cudn sdch hoac mdt cdng trinh nghien cUu) Sy nghSo ndn vd phUdng thUc ddnh gid ngudi hpc viec ddnh gia cdn qud n^ng vd kiem tra kha ndng hpc thudc Chinh vi nhQng Ij' tren md phUdng phdp day hpc dya trSn viee gidi quyet vdn de xudt phdt tU tinh hudng thyc te cua cupe sdng, thyc te nghe nghiep dupc xay dyng dya tren nhUng yeu cau sau: Phai ed mpt tinh hudng eg the cho phep ta dat dupe mdt van dd Cdc nguon lye (trp gidng, ngUdi hudng dan, tai lieu, cd sd dii lieu ) deu dupe gidi thiSu tdi ngudi hpc va san sdng phyc vy ngudi hpc Cdc hogt ddng phai dUpc ngudi hpc tridn khai nhU dat van dd, quan sat, phdn tich, nghidn eUu, ddnh gid, tu duy,, Kidn thUc edn dupe ngudi hpc tdng hpp mdt thd thdng nhat (ehijl khdng mang tfnh lipt kd], d i l u dd eung ed nghTa la vi^c giai quydt van dd dpa tren each nhin nhan da dgng vd chiing to dupc mdi quan h§ giQa cdc kidn thi3e can huy dpng Phai cd khoang each thdi gian giQa giai doan lam viec nhdm va giai doan lam viec dpc lap mang tfnh ed nhan Gac hinh thQc ddnh gia phai da dgng cho phep chung ta cd the d i l u oh?nh va kiem tra qua trinh cho khdng Chech myc tieu da d l 42: •'•^W^M Dd dam bdo mpi hogt ddng cd the bao phCi dUpe todn bd cdc yeu cdu trSn, TrUdng Dai hpc Rijkuniversitelt Limbourg tgi Maastricht da dd cdc budc tien hdnh nhu sau: Budc 1: Ldm ro cdc thuat ngii vd khdi nidm lidn quan Budc 2: Xdc dinh rd van dd dat BUde 3: Phdn tfeh vdn dd Budc 4: L|ip danh myc cdc chu thfch cd thd Budc 5: Dua mgc tieu nghien cQu va myc tieu hpe tap BUde 6: Thu thdp thdng tin BUde 7: Ddnh gid thdng tm thu dUpc Trong sd cdc budc trSn, ngudi hpc thUdng gap khd khdn vide phdn tich vdn dd vd tdng hpp edc thdng tin iign quan vdn de II VAN DE VA CACH TIER CAN VAN Oi Van dd ddt can phai cd tdc dyng kfch thlch edc hogt dpng nhdn thUc cung nhu cdc hogt ddng xa hdi cOa ngudi hpc Theo chdng tdi, edc hogt ddng ndy thudng g i n k i t vdi mdt hogt ddng nghidn cQu thyc thg md d dd ngudi hpc cdn phai: e$t vdn dd (Vdn dd ddt Id gi?) Hidu dupc vdn dd DUa cdc gia thuydt (Cdc cdu trd Idi trUdc va ddi chdng vdi edc eau hdi da dupe ddt tinh hudng) Tidn hdnh ede hogt dpng thfch hpp nhim kilm tra ede gid thuydt ciia minh (nghien cQu phan tfeh, ddnh gid tdi ddu lign quan, sau cQng la tdng hpp vi$c nghidn cQu) Thdc lulin vd ddnh gid cdc giai phdp khac dya theo tQng t i i u chf md hodn cdnh dua Thiet i^p mpt ban tdng quan va dUa ket ludn Cdc bUdc d^t trdn day se giup cho ngUdi hpc nang cao khd ndng tdng hpp kidn thQc Vf dg nhu mpt vdn dd liSn quan ddn sinh thdi se cd nhidu khdi ni3m lidn quan: cdc khdi ni^m vdt ly, hod hpe, cdc khdi ni^m vd kmh td, sQc khod e^ng ddng, ehfnh sdch, III CHU TRJNH VA CACH THIJC TO CHUfC DAY HQC GIAI QUYET VAN DE Trong chu trinh hpe tap theo phUdng phdp ndy, thdi gian lam vi§c ddc ldp (ed nhdn) ludn ludn phign vdi thdi gian Idm vi|e nhdm (cd sy giup dd cOa gilng vien, trp giang, hoac ngudi hUdng din) Theo chiing tdi, cdng vide can t h i o ludn theo nhdm thUdng xuat hien vdo hai thdi diem dac biet dUpc midu t l chu trinh dudi ddy: ^ (V Thio !u§n nhdm Thao lu^n nhdm S) ^ Sd6-2014 LkjOfvaHpC Nhu vay chu trinh dgy hpe dya theo van de gom giai dogn; Sau ket thQc giai dogn (Gidi thieu ehCi de, chuin bj cac hogt dpng va ngudn Ipc can thiet), hpc vien bit dau nhdm hpp theo cac nhdm nho - giai dogn (cd hogc khdng sy trp gjQp eua trp gilng) nham phdn tfch chO de, dua cdc cdu hdi va gia thidt ddu tiSn, phdn chia nhl$m vy cho cdc thdnh vien nhdm Tiep theo dd cac thdnh vi§n Idm vi^c dflc lap theo nhidm vy da dupe phan chia (giai dogn 3) Kdt thuc giai dogn 3, tUng ed nhan se gidi thieu thdnh qua Idm viec nhdm Cudi cCing mdi cd nhan ty viet mdt ban bdo cao (giai dogn 4) Kdm theo cdc giai dogn thudng c6 cdc budi h$i thio mdt nhdm Idn, hogc cac hogt ddng thuc te hay tidn hdnh thI nghidm Cd thd ket thOe qud trinh tgi giai dogn ndy hodc ttdp tyc qua trinh neu mdt van de mdi dupe neu Vi$e thdo ludn nhdm la bat buoc ddi vdi tdt c l cdc ca nhdn, nd khdng nhiing giup hpc vien phdt triln dUpc kfia nang giao tiep vd cac ky ndng xa hdi ma cdn phat tridn du^c qua trinh nhan thQc (dpc hieu, phdn tieh, ddnh gid,.,,) IV TAC DONG TICH Cl/C CUA PHl/dNG PHAP DAY HQC GIAI QUYET VAN DE Hpe vien cd the thu dUpc nhOng kien thUc tdt nhit, c$p nhat nhdt Cd thd bao phCi dUpc trdn mdt dien rdng cdc trudng hpp va cac bdi canh thudng gap Tfnh chQ ddng, tinh than gidc cQa ngudi hpc du^c nang cao Dpng cd hpe t i p vd tinh than trdeh nhi#m cua hpc vien dupc nang cao ViSc nghidn cQu va gili quydt van dd cdng dUpc bao d i m Tuy nhien, d l dp dyng phUdng phap vdi cd hpi edng cao ddi hdi chQng ta p h l i tidn hanh mdt Iogt nhiing chuyin ddi sau: Chuydn ddi cdc hogt ddng cQa ngUdi hpc tQ tlnh thy ddng sang tinh tfch cpe, ehQ dpng Chuyin ddi edc hogt ddng cCia ngUdi dgy (ngudi dgyco vai trd klidi ddy cdc van d l vd hQdng dan ngUdi hpc) Chuyen ddi mdi quan he giQa vai trd cQa ngUdi hgc vd ngudi dgy Chuydn ddi he thdng ddnh gid ngudi hpc Coi trpng thdi gian ty hpc cCia ngudi hpe nhu thdi gian hpc tren Idp TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Ngd TQThdnh (2008) PhUdng phdp md phdng gi&ng djy cac chuygn nganh kytfiugLT^chiphat tridn KH&CN, 11 (10):114-125, 2.PhCjngThiiyPhuprig(2008),H9C%)phgcvgc?ngd6ng-phLHng phdp dgy va hpc edi tidn tgi tn/dng DH KHTN TP HCM Hgi thio khoa hpc'Tfnh chu ddng cCia tuduy, phuong phdp vdtinhthdn dgi h9C"-DH Hoa Sen TPHCM Hmelo-SilverC, E (2004), Problem-based learning: What and how students leam? Educational Psydidogy Review, 16:235-266, Jacoby B (1996), Sewice-Leamlng in Today's Higher Educatbn In: BarbaraJacobyand Associates (Eds.), Service-Learning in Higher Education: Concepts and Practices, San Francisco CA: Jossey- ... nang cao Dpng cd hpe t i p vd tinh than trdeh nhi#m cua hpc vien dupc nang cao ViSc nghidn cQu va gili quydt van dd cdng dUpc bao d i m Tuy nhien, d l dp dyng phUdng phap vdi cd hpi edng cao ddi... 3, tUng ed nhan se gidi thieu thdnh qua Idm viec nhdm Cudi cCing mdi cd nhan ty viet mdt ban bdo cao (giai dogn 4) Kdm theo cdc giai dogn thudng c6 cdc budi h$i thio mdt nhdm Idn, hogc cac hogt... dua Thiet i^p mpt ban tdng quan va dUa ket ludn Cdc bUdc d^t trdn day se giup cho ngUdi hpc nang cao khd ndng tdng hpp kidn thQc Vf dg nhu mpt vdn dd liSn quan ddn sinh thdi se cd nhidu khdi ni3m