Thông tin tài liệu
9ihin the gidi 74 - Khoa hoc Chfnh tri GIAI QUYET VIEC LAM, TANG THU NHAP CHO NONG DAN TRONG QUA TRINH CONG NGHIEP HOA, DO THI HOA TRUNG QUOC • / • Hoang Thj Ngpc Loan'*) C dng nghiep hda (CNH) va dd thi hda (DTH) la qua trinh phat trien t a t yeu ma cae nfldc deu phai trai qua Qua trinh a n h hfldng tdi sfl phat trien kinh te - xa hdi t r e n nhieu mat, dd ed sii tac ddng rat Idn tdi ndng nghiep, ndng dan, ndng thdn Mdt mat, qua trinh CNH va DTH tao nhflng ye'u td thuc day qua trinh chuyen dich CO cau kinh te' ndng nghiep, ndng thdn; tao nhieu viec lam mdi eho xa hdi; tang nang s u i t lao ddng, phat trien s i n xuat ca ve ehieu rdng va ehieu sau Mat khac, qua trinh cung lam giam dien tieh dat ndng nghiep de phuc vu cho CNH va cac cdng trinh cdng cdng, tac ddng trflc tie'p de'n cac hd ndng dan phai nhfldng dat cho CNH va DTH Van de '•' TS Kinh te' Hoc vien Chinh tri - Hanh chinh khu vifc 11, Hoc vien CT-HCQG Ho Chi Minh '" Thong ke ctia Bo Ke' hoach - Dau tu giai quye't viec lam eho lao ddng ndng thdn, dn dinh ddi sd'ng cho ndng dan la van de ma bat ky nfldc nao qua trinh-CNH va DTH deu phai giai quyet d nfldc ta ehi tinh rieng nam (2003-2008) da't thu hdi eho CNH va DTH da tac ddng trflc tie'p den 627.000 hd gia dinh vdi khoang 2,5 trieu ngfldi'" Trung binh mdi hd bi thu hdi dat cd 1,5 lao ddng bi t h a t nghiep Nhieu dia ban cd tdi h a n g ngan lao ddng ndng nghiep bi mat viec lam Chinh vi vay, viec nghien cflu kinh nghiem giai quye't viee lam eho ndng dan cua cae qudc gia khac la rat hflu ich de cd dflge nhflng chinh sach va giai phap thich hgp eho v i n de d nfldc ta hien Ndng thdn Trung Qud'c cd nhieu net tuong ddng ydi ndng thdn Viet Nam Trung Qud'c bat d i u qua trinh CNH - DTH cung tfl xuat phat diem d trinh phat trien thap Lao ddng ndng nghiep, ndng thdn rat ddi dao chinh la ngudn n h a n • 9{^hin the gidi lire tiem n a n g eho qua trinh CNH Cung nhfl d Viet Nam, qua trinh CNH - DTH da lay di kha nhieu dien tieh da't ndng nghiep Tinh t r a n g ndng dan khdng ed dat de san xuat kha phd bie'n Chi tinh khoang hon 10 n a m trd lai day, rudng dat Trung Qud'c da giam g i n 150 trieu mau Trung Qud'c (mdi m i u Trung Qud'c bang 1/15 hee ta, tflc khoang 660 m^) Eg Ndng nghiep Trung Qud'c dii tinh, cfl mat di mau se ed ndng dan khdng CO rudng dat, vi rudng dat canh tae tinh trung binh theo d i u ngfldi ehi ed khoang 1,4 miu Do vay, m a t g i n 150 trieu m i u rugng dat cd nghia la khoang 80 trieu nong dan Trung Qud'c khdng edn rudng dat Nong dan mat rudng dat ehi ed the vao phd lam thue Tinh hinh tflong tfl nhfl thdi ky dau CNH d chau Au, nhan khau ndng thdn "Iflu ddng don hfldng" vao t h a n h phd (nghia la rdi bd han que hflOng, rudng da't) Vao nhflng nam 80 eua the' ky trflde, tinh hinh rudng dat ciia ndng dan bi xam chie'm cdn chfla phd bien va nghiem trgng, nen the he nong dan vao t h a n h phd' lam thue cua Trung Qud'c ve co ban thudc loai "Iflu dgng song hfldng", hg rdi bd rudng dat ehfl khdng rdi bd que hflOng Chi tfl t h a p ky 90 trd di, tdc CNH va DTH dflge t a n g nhanh, cang cd nhieu ndng dan mat rudng d i t , va dieu da lam eho md hinh Iflu ddng ciia ndng dan lam thue ed sfl thay ddi ve can ban, tfl "Iflu ddng song hfldng" bien "Iflu ddng don hfldng", vfla rdi bd rugng dat vfla rdi bd que hirong Mdt so nha nghien cflu da ggi loai ndng dan lam thue the he hai la "khdng trd ve" '" Theo DiTOng Danh Dy - cac bao va website Trung Quoc '^' Theo www.vietchinabusiness.vn 75 - Khoa h o c Chfnh tri cdn the' he thfl ba se la "ve khdng ndi" Cd nhieu nguyen n h a n khien "ve khdng ndi" nhflng m a t rudng dat canh tac la mdt nguyen n h a n quan trgng'^* Dae biet tfl n a m 1984, Trung Qud'c di'y m a n h qua trinh CNH - DTH thi hau nhfl sudt 14 n a m sau dd (tfl 1984-1998), cac chinh sach dd'i vdi phat trien ndng nghiep, ndng thdn va ndng dan da khdng dflge ehu trgng dung mfle Nhieu ndng dan khdng tim dflge viee lam, thu n h a p giam sut, ddi sd'ng rat khd khan Tinh t r a n g t r e n da d i n den nhieu bat dn eho xa hdi Ndng dan mdt khdng edn rudng dat se roi vao tinh trang "ba khdng": khdng dat de cay, khdng nghe de sd'ng, khdng noi de di Qua bflc bach vi cudc sd'ng khd khan, nhieu ndng dan da dau tranh chdng ddi viee lay dat ndng nghiep Nam 2005 tai Han Nguyen, Tfl Xuyen da xay vu 10 van ndng dan chdng dd'i Nguyen la vi trflng dung rudng dat de lam hd chfla nfldc, ngfldi ta da lay bet rudng dat cua ndng dan d dd Mdi gia dinh dflge bdi thfldng hon 10.000 n h a n dan te (NDT, NDT bang khoang 2.250 ddng Viet Nam) Sau tieu dung he't so tien den bu nay, khdng edn gi de' an, hg lay ed khdng chuyen di noi khac de phan dd'i Sach xanh Phdn tich vd du bdo tinh hinh xd hgi Trung Quoc Vien Khoa hge Xa hdi Trung Qud'c edng bd' nam 2005 cho thay, sd' Iflgtig "sfl kien cd tinh dam ddng" phat sinh d Trung Qud'c tfl chd 8.700 vu n a m 1993 da tang len de'n 60.000 vu nam 2003 Nam 2008, sd' Iflgng vu phan dd'i cd tinh dam ddng khdng nhflng nhieu, qui md Idn, ma hanh vi cang t h e m dfl ddi'^' Phai tdi d i u the' ky nay, nhflng cudc dau tranh tfl phat va ed td chflc eua ndng dan mdt tang len (do mat 76 - Khoa hoc Chfnh tri rudng dat, ngheo ddi, eon em t h a t hgc, khdng cd tien chfla benh ), sd ndng dan vao t h a n h phd lam thue len tdi mfle g i n 200 trieu ngfldi, cdng them sfl ddng tinh dau tranh cua nhflng ngfldi Trung Qud'c cd t a m long, van de "tam ndng" (ndng nghiep, ndng thdn, ndng dan) mdi d i n dflge coi trgng Mgt so chinh sdch dd diidc trien khai vd mang lgi ket qud ddng ke Thd nhdt, ve thu hdi rudng dat, cac chuyen gia khuye'n nghi Chinh phti c i n cd luat rieng ve trflng dung rudng dat, luat bao hd lgi ich thie't t h a n cua ndng dan Han che' tdi da viec lay dat ndng nghiep cho phat trien cdng nghiep va cae edng trinh cdng edng, n h a t la d nhflng vung ed dat san xua't ndng nghiep thuan lgi P h a t trien cac khu cdng nghiep dflge trien khai chu ye'u d vung dat khdng thuan lgi eho phat trien san xuat ndng nghiep, dat phu sa bac mau Theo cac nha khoa hgc Trung Qud'c, van de thu hdi dat ndng nghiep eua nfldc hien dflge quy dinh r a t ngat ngheo Neu chuyen ddi muc dich suf dung dat, phai dung vdi chie'n Iflgc lau dai eiia vung dd va phai n a m chi gidi dd, dam bao ea nfldc ludn tri 1,8 ty mau dat ndng nghiep trd len Hien d Trung Qud'c, nhieu dia phflong thu bdi dat ndng nghiep de phat trien cdng nghiep, da phai tra lai cho ndng dan de san xuat ndng nghiep Ddng thdi, nfldc eung dang nghien cflu de ndng dan ed the dung dat canh tac the' chap ngan h a n g vay vdn Nhflng khoan tien thu dflge tfl phat trien edng nghiep (sau lay d i t ndng nghiep) dflge chuyen v i chinh quyen thdn xa de hd trg phat trien san xuat va xay dflng cac cdng trinh phuc lgi cdng cdng tai dia phflong Viee lay dat ndng nghiep cdn cd the dfloe thfle hien theo hinh thfle dat 9(hin thi gidi ddi dat, chinh quyen dia phflOng thfle bien quy hoach, thudc vao chat Iflgng, vi tri dat nhfl the nao Ddng thdi, Chinh phu da nang eao tieu chuan den bu: ngoai hoa mau va cay cdi ra, tien bdi thfldng rudng dat va ehi phi tai dinh cfl t h a p n h a t cung phai bang 30 l i n gia tri binh quan san IflOng/nam ciia n a m trflde d nhieu dia phflOng, bi thu hdi dat, ndng dan dflge tang 01 can hd, dflge cap mdt sd' tien de kinh doanh t a m cae khu cdng nghiep, cae lao ddng tre dflge trg cap tien hgc nghe (j t h a n h phd Thflgng Hai va mdt sd' t h a n h phd' phat trien t h a n h edng khac cua Trung Qud'c, ndng dan dflge tham gia t h a n h lap eae edng ty d i u tfl phat trien vdi cd p h i n la gia tri t a n g len ciia dat ndng nghiep qua trinh DTH Thd hai, Nha nfldc tich cfle hd trg, bd tri tim kiem cdng an viec lam eho ndng dan; huan luyen va bdi dfldng nghe nghiep eho ndng dan mat rugng dat, n a n g eao ky n a n g lao ddng va td chat nghe nghiep cho bg, khuye'n khich xi nghiep thu n h a n ndng dan mat rugng dat vao lam viec va cd chinh sach flu dai cho xi nghiep ve viee nay; cd chinh sach hd trg, ung hd, giup dd nong dan mat rudng dat lam nghe mdi, ed Uu dai ve cac mat nhfl eho vay vdn, chinb sach thue Trung Qud'c day m a n h phat trien eae lang n g h i , phat trien cac doanh nghiep vfla va nhd d ndng thdn, tao viee lam mdi tai chd cho lao ddng ndng thdn Viee phat trien cac xi nghiep hflong t r a n da thu hut dflge tdi 80 trieu lao ddng ndng thdn Trong nhflng n a m g i n day, Trung Qud'c da day m a n h viee phat trien san xuat d ndng thdn theo hfldng "mdi nha may mdt san phim", "mdi lang mdt san p h i m " theo lgi the ciia tflng vung, nang cao sfle canh t r a n h cua san pham ndng nghiep, ndng thdn • 'Khin rathe gidi Thd ba, hoan thien be thd'ng an sinh xa hdi cho ndng dan mat rudng d i t theo dieu kien ctia tflng dia phflong Nhflng lao ddng ndng thdn khdng lam nong nghiep nfla dflge dfla vao he thd'ng an sinh xa hdi t h a n h phd; don vi trflng dung dat phai nop mdt phan tien bdi thfldng rudng dat cho co cau an sinh xa hgi Nhieu chinh sach dd'i vdi van de tam nong da dflge thfle hien Cu the la, Trung Qud'c da xda bd thue' ndng nghiep, cham dflt lich sfl ngfldi ndng dan lam rugng ma phai nop thue Vdi viec xda bo thue ndng nghiep (gdm ca thue chan nuoi, thue dac san) mdi n a m da giam nhe ganh nang cho ndng dan 133,5 ty NDT Nha nfldc t a n g cfldng diu tfl va hfldng d i n ndng dan ap dung khoa hge - ky thuat vao san x u i t ndng nghiep Nhd do, san lugng IflOng thfle tang lien tue nam lien, n a m 2007 dat tren 500 trieu tan Nam 2008, tdng san Iflgng IflOng thiic mua he cua Trung Qud'c dat hon 120 trieu tan, tang hon 2,6 trieu tan so vdi nam 2007 Dieu da cd tac ddng tich cfle tdi viec tang thu nhap cho nong dan Trong n a m qua, ddi sdng ndng dan cung da ed sfl cai thien dang ke, dflge nang tfl mfle trung binh dau "s^*'/ , la 2.622 NDT n a m 2003 len 4.140 NDT nam 2007 (so vdi mfle thu nhap binh quan eua efl dan t h a n h tbi la 8.472 va 13.786 NDT thi v i n t h a p hon nhieu) Nam 2009, thu nhap binh quan ciia efl dan ndng thdn l i n dau tien dat mfle tren 5.000 NDT, t a n g 8,5% so vdi nam trflde'^' C i n ehu y day la mfle binh quan toan qud'c "' Theo GS, TS Ly Ninh Huy, Vien Nghien Cliu Kinh te va Phat trien Nong nghiep - Vien Khoa hoc Nong nghiep Trung Quoc '21 www.vietchinabusiness.vn, 17/07/2009 77 - Khoa h o c Chfnh tri Chinh phu Trung Qud'c cung md rdng cac kenh viec lam cho ngfldi dan, dinh hfldng cho ngudn lao ddng nong thdn ngoai tim kiem viec lam Can cfl vao dieu tra cua Van phdng quan sat ndng thdn, sau t h a n g diu n a m 2008, so Iflgng lao ddng ngoai tim viec so vdi nam 2007 tang t h e m 2.130 nghin ngfldi, tflc la tang 1,7% Trong nam tai chinh, Trung Qud'c hd trg cho viec hgc nghe 66,6 ty NDT, trung binh mdi nam giup trieu lao dgng ndng thdn cd viee lam Ngoai ra, Trung Qud'c cdn nd Iflc hd trg ngfldi dan hg trd ve que lap nghiep, bao ve quyen bao t h i u khu dat ndng nghiep, phat trien kinh te' khu vfle huyen xa, thuc d i y doanh nghiep ndng thdn va cac n g a n h nghe dac trflng cua ndng thdn Bd Ndng nghiep Trung Qud'c edn thfle hien cae loai chinb sach trg gia qud'c gia dd'i vdi ndng dan, vdi bdn chinh sach trg gia (trg gia gidng, trg gia mua may mde ndng nghiep, trg gia eay trdng va trg c i p tdng hgp ndng nghiep) va tfl cac bien phap md rdng pham vi, nang cao tieu c h u i n da d i n dn dinh viec tang cfldng trg gia thu nhap Iflong thfle cho ngfldi dan N a m 2009, tdng sd tien trg gia len de'n g i n 20 ty NDT, trflc tie'p tac ddng de'n viee tang thu nhap cua ngfldi ndng dan'^' Cung vdi viec cai each n h a m tao viec lam, tang thu nhap cho ngfldi dan, Trung Qudc cdn khdng ngflng md rdng cai each ndng thdn Trung Qud'c eung da thfle hien giao ditc nghia vu (9 nam) m i i n phi (tflc khdng phai nop hgc phi va khdng phai mua sach giao khoa) Nhflng gia dinh khd khan cdn dflge trg cap sinh boat phi toan phan hoae mdt p h i n (150 trieu hoc sinh) Co ban giai quye't dflge nan thieu nien bi mu ehfl tai mien Tay Ben canh dd, Trung Qud^e da bfldc dau t h a n h lap dflge he thd'ng y te cong va be thong 78 - Khoa hoc Chfnh tri dich vu kham chfla benh eO ban khap ndng thon Cai tao va xay dflng mdi 188 nghin t r a m y te' hflOng, tran; trang bi them thiet bi y te' eho 117 nghin t r a m y te hflong, tran Dieu kien k h a m chfla benh d ndng thdn dflge cai thien rd ret He thdng dich vu van hda cdng ndng thdn bfldc diu hoan thien N a m 2007 da t h a n h lap dflge che' bao dam mfle sinh boat t h a p n h a t d ndng thdn, cd hOn 35,5 trieu ndng dan dflge dfla vao pham vi bao hiem Tuy nhien, theo thdng ke chinh thfle van edn 14,79 trieu ndng dan Trung Qud'c cd thu nhap rdng dfldi 785 ^^"^/^^^ - tflc chuin ngheo tuyet dd'i, edn neu tinh theo mfle thu nhap t h a p tfl 786 - 1.067 ^°V^,^ thi Trung Qud'c van edn 28,41 trieu ndng dan nam d dien Theo bao eao eua Ngan hang chau A, n a m 2007, Trung Qud'c van cdn khoang 300 *trieu ngfldi (ma da sd' la ndng dan) cd thu nhap dfldi ^^°/ '" Do vay, van d i viec lam va thu nhap cua efl dan ndng thdn d Trung Qudc van cdn la bai toan dang dd c i n dflge tiep tue nghien cflu va giai quye't Tfl nhflng kinh nghiem cua Trung Qudc ddi vdi van de tam ndng ndi chung va giai quye't viee lam tang thu nhap cho ndng dan ndi rieng, ed the rut mgt so bdi hgc sau: - Trong qua trinh CNH - DTH, vdn de thu hoi ddt nong nghiep co dnh liudng rdt Idn tdi viec Idm vd thu nhdp cua nong ddn Vdi mdt ty le cfl dan ndng nghiep cdn kha cao tbi viec giai quye't van de tren ed tac dgng rat Idn tdi phat trien xa hgi ndi chung va ndng nghiep, nong dan, ndng thdn ndi rieng Ne'u khdng chu trgng giai quye't td't van d i se lam gia tang eae te n a n xa hdi www.khuyennongvn.gov.vn 9lhin the gidi va d i n den mat dn dinh xa hdi Nhflng cudc dau tranh ciia h a n g van ndng dan Trung Qud'c trflde nhflng khd k h a n qua trinh CNH - DTH mang de'n cho hg, nhflng vu khieu kien ddng ngfldi v i thu hdi va d i n bu rudng dat d Viet Nam la nhflng minh chflng cua sfl bat dn xa hdi viec giai quye't chfla thda dang van d i viec lam va thu n h a p ctia ngfldi dan vung bi thu hdi dat - De giai quye't td't van de viec lam va thu n h a p cho ndng dan, cdn tap trung ho trg phdt trien sdn xudt nong nghiep, nganh nghe chinh d nong thon Trflde bet, c i n cd nhflng chinh sach nhat quan v i rudng dat - tfl lieu san xuat chinh cua ndng dan Rudng dat, t r e n nguyen tae, phai dflge suf dung, quan ly theo hUdng tfl phat trien san xuat - kinh doanh cua hd ndng dan, ndng dan cd quyen sd hflu rudng dat tflong dd'i Ndng dan cd quyin mua, b a n rudng da't Thi trfldng rudng dat c i n dflge xac lap va dflge phap luat bao hd Cd chinh sach den bu thda dang eho cae hd gia dinh bi thu hdi dit Chinh sach rudng dat c i n cd t i e dung thue d i y ndng nghiep phat trien nhanh Thfl hai, c i n hd trg d i u vao cho ndng dan phat trien san xuat Tap trung nghien cflu va trien khai flng dung khoa hgc - cdng nghe vao san xuat Khuye'n khieh, ldi cudn tfl n h a n t h a m gia cac ehflong trinh khuyen ndng, dau tfl kinh phi nghien cflu eae cay Iflong thfle quan trgng (lua, ngd, san), cac san pham ndng nghiep chu lUc cd thi trfldng va nang lfle canh tranh cao; hfldng d i n ndng dan t h a m canh t a n g n a n g suat, nang cao gia tri san Iflgng cac s i n p h a m ndng nghiep Vi tin dung, eho vay vd'n, giflp ndng dan phat trien san xuat va tiep can thi trfldng ndng san va ngoai nfldc Thfl ba, hd trg d i u cho eae san pham ndng san, tich cfle tim kie'm thi • Khin the gidi trfldng, ehu trgng phat trien hinh thfle hgp ddng "chinb phu vdi chinh phu" Thfl tfl, ve thue', cat giam hoac bd han thue ndng nghiep, cung cap cac dich vu nhfl thuy lgi m i i n phi cho ndng dan Thfl nam, can d i u tfl xay dflng co sd t i n g d ndng thdn Chflc nang Idn nhat cua nha nfldc de hd trg phat trien nong nghiep, ndng thdn la diu tfl xay tiifng CO sd t i n g , ke ca co sd t i n g "mem" (tflc la n h a n lfle, ky thuat, tri thfle kinh doanh ) Giao thdng thuan lgi la mgt yeu td' quan trgng cho phat trien san xuit nong san h a n g hda - Bay mgnh phdt trien khu vUc sdn xudt cong thuong nghiep vd dich vu tren dia bdn nong thon, phat trien edng nghiep ehe' bie'n ndng san, eae nganh nghi truyen thd'ng d ndng thdn theo hfldng "mdi lang mdt san pham"; khuye'n khicb phat trien kinh te' tfl n h a n 79 - Khoa h o c Chfnh tri cac nganh va cac khu vfle phi ndng nghiep d ndng thdn cung la mdt chinh sach quan trgng n h a m tao cong an viec lam, sfl dung hieu qua ngudn n h a n lfle tai dia phflong, tang san pham ndng nghiep (va tii'u thti cdng nghiep), dich vu, giam lao dgng ndng nghiep, giam GDP ndng nghiep n i n kinh te qud'c dan - Tdng cuong ddo tgo nghe, gdn cong tdc ddo tgo nghe vdi nliu cdu tren tlii trudng lao dgng, n a n g cao chat Iflgng cho lao ddng ndng thdn de cd the eung cap ngudn n h a n Iflc cho phat trien edng nghiep d cac dd thi, chuyen dich co cau lao ddng ndng thdn Cd chinh sach hd trg dao tao n g h i va gidi thieu viee lam cho ndng dan vung bi thu hdi dat (mien phi hoae trg cap mdt phan) Cd chinh sach flu dai cho cac doanh nghiep edng nghiep sfl dung lao ddng tai chd, d khu vfle ed dat ndng nghiep bi thu hdi.Q VIET NAM V d l NAM CHU TICH ASEAN 2010 (tiip trang 80) thong qua cac van kien quan trpng nhii; ke hoach tdng the ve Ket ndt ASEAN nham tang cucjng ket ndi ve tang, the che va ngUcJi dan ASEAN; Tuyen bd ASEAN ve ijfng vcii bien doi fiau; Tuyen bd ASEAN ve phat trien nguon nhan Itic va cac ky nang cho phuc hoi kinh te va tang trtrfing ben vOng; Tuyen bd ve Tang cuQng phuc ldi va phat trien cua phu nO va tre em ASEAN, - Cac nha lanh dao nhat tri vfli each tiep can chan kieng, viia i/u tien thuc day lien ket va xay di/ng cong dong ASEAN, vi^a tang cirdng quan he ddi ngoai va bao dam vai tro "chu dao" cua ASEAN mot ca'u trijc khu vifc dang djnh hlnh; Day manh quan he ddi tac chien li/oc cua ASEAN vfli Trung Qudc, Nhat Ban; nang cap quan he ASEAN - Han Quo'c len ddi tac chie'n IU(3c va nang cap quan he ASEAN - My len tam chie'n luoc; quye't dinh mfl rpng cap cao Dong A de Nga va My tham gia tren cfl sfl ung hp vai tro trung tam cua ASEAN va ton cac muc tieu, nguyen tac, the thijfc da duoc thdng nha't ti^ tri/flc, Cac nha lanh dao cung da trao ddi y kien ve mpt sd van de khu vue va quo'c te cung quan tam, - Cac ddi tac chien ii/pc cua ASEAN tie'p tue khang djnh coi trpng quan he va mong mudn tang cuflng hfln nOa hpp tac toan dien vfli ASEAN, ung hp ASEAN xay diing Cpng ddng va giCf vai tro trung tam khu vi/c Co the noi, Viet Nam da hoan tdt nhiem vu nam Chu tich ASEAN 2010, Sii cong da giup cho vai tro va vi the qudc te cua Viet Nam dupe nang cao, de cao hmh anh mpt nuflc Viet Nam ddi mfli va nang dpng, cfl ducing lo'i ddi ngoai dpc lap, tu chu, hoa binh, hpp tac va phat trien-./ PV tdng hgp ... sfl ngfldi ndng dan lam rugng ma phai nop thue Vdi viec xda bo thue ndng nghiep (gdm ca thue chan nuoi, thue dac san) mdi n a m da giam nhe ganh nang cho ndng dan 133,5 ty NDT Nha nfldc t a n... ngfldi, tflc la tang 1,7% Trong nam tai chinh, Trung Qud'c hd trg cho viec hgc nghe 66,6 ty NDT, trung binh mdi nam giup trieu lao dgng ndng thdn cd viee lam Ngoai ra, Trung Qud'c cdn nd Iflc hd... ndng dan'^' Cung vdi viec cai each n h a m tao viec lam, tang thu nhap cho ngfldi dan, Trung Qudc cdn khdng ngflng md rdng cai each ndng thdn Trung Qud'c eung da thfle hien giao ditc nghia vu (9
Ngày đăng: 10/11/2022, 10:47
Xem thêm:
