Khả năng tiếp cận các dịch vụ xã hội của lao động di cư ở hà nội

Nghien ciiu Gia d i n h va G i i So - 0 Kha nang tiep can cac dich vu xa hoi cua lao flong di cir Ha Noi Phan Thj Thanh Mai Vien Gia dinh va Gidi Torn tat: Dua tren so' lieu ciia de tai cap Bo nam? "Su thich iing ciia nhiing ngUdi di cU tU nong thdn vao cac pho' va cac viing phu can - Nghien ciiu trUdng hdp Ha N6i", bai viet tap trung phan tich thach thiic trdng cudc so'ng dd thi ddi vdi lad ddng di cU d goc dich vu xa hoi Theo tac gia, ngUdi dan di cU d Ha Ndi gap nhieu khd khan trdng cham soc y te gia thudc, gia dich vu cao, it kha nang tiep can he thong cham soc y te ciia nha nUdc bang the bao hiem y te, vi vay da so' danh chap nhan ve que kham chiia benh cac cd sd y te tuye'n dudi de dUdc sir diing bad hiem khdng mat tien hdac la diing dich vu phii hdp vdi ttii tien ciia hd Cac trUdng hdp lad dgng di cU mang thed nhd da gap kho khan viec tim Idp hoc cho con; miic dong tien hoc pho' qua cad sd vdi thu nhap ciia hg Cd rat it ngUdi lad ddng di cU bie't de'n cac dich vii viec lam, tU van ve cac van de y te, xa hdi d Ha Noi Phan 16n ngudi lad ddng di cU khdng biet mdt chUdng trinh gitip dd ngUdi di cU nad da va dang thUc hien Tii khoa: Lad ddng di cU; Dich via xa hci chd lad dong di cU Gidi thieu Thuc te cho tha'y so lugng ngudi dan ndng thon d cac tinh phii can di dan tu de'n thu dd Ha Ndi la ra't Idn va ed xu hudng cang tang Trong bdi canh dd, dich via xa hoi la mgt nhirng ye'u td rat can thie't P h a n Thi T h a n h Mai 57 nham giiip dd, cai thien cudc sdng eiia ngudi di cu NhQng nghien ciru de'n cho tha'y he thdng dich vu xa hdi tir y te', giao due, gidi thieu viec lam cho de'n cac chuong trinh giiip dd ngudi di cu hien cd d Ha Ndi diu chua dap ling dugc nhu cau va mong mudn cua ngudi di cu tir ndng thdn dd thi Chinh diiu lam tang them khd khan, thach thirc ddi vdi nhting ngudi dan ndng thdn tir cac tinh lan can thii nhu Bac Ninh, Bac Giang, Ha Nam, Hung Ydn, TTianh Hoa di cu den thii de muu sinh Nguyen nhan ciia tinh trang dugc ly giai mgt phan la each phan bd ngan sach hien co ban dua trdn sd lieu tir quan ly bg khalu, nhan khau va hau nhu bd qua ddi tugng la ngudi lao ddng di cu tam trii d dia phuong Vi vay, ngudi lao ddng di cu va cai ciia hg hau nhu khdng dugc hudng eac quyin Igi vi y te, giao due va cac dich vu xa hdi khac d noi de'n di cu "Do each phdn bo ngan sach hien nay, co bdn dUa tren sd lieu chinh thitc tit he thdng hg khau nen ngudi di cu bi thiet thoi vd phdn biet ddi xit nhieu dich vu xd hoi ve van hod, gido due, y te tgi noi den " (Nguyin Van Tien, Nguyin Hoang Mai, 2006) Dich vu y te' la mgt nhirng ye'u td rat quan trgng ddi ngudi lao ddng di cu nhung hg lai thieu diiu kien de tiep can he thdng dich vu "Viec sit dung cdc dich vu y te de bdo ve vd cham lo site khoe cho bdn thdn ddi vdi ngudi lao dgng di cu Id mot vd'n de kho khan Chi co rdt it ngudi tim den cdc co sd y te tu nhdn vd cdc tram y te'phudng gdn noi sinh sdng Idm viec dekhdm vd chua benh, rat it trudng hop vdo benh vien " (Ha TTii Phuong Tien, Ha Quang Nggc, 2000) Trong dd dich vu giao due cho tre em di cu theo bd me chua dugc cac nha hoach dinh chinh sach va xa hdi quan tam Thue te tre em di cu theo bd me tir nong thon thi phai chiu nhung thiet thdi nhat dinh de'n trudng hgc "Cdc van de gido due vdi tre nhap cU, ddc biet vdi cdc thi Idn chua dugc binh ddng, nhieu chi phi trdi tuye'n vd tie' nhap cu thudng di hgc khong dimg tudi, kinh phi Iwgt dgng ciia mgt sd dia phuong khdng tinh den ddi tugng tre Id KT3, KT4 " (Ld Hong Son, 2008) Cac dich vu xa hdi khac, dd cd he thd'ng cac trung tam gidi thieu viec lam, tu van vi cac va'n di y te, xa hdi hau nhu chua dap ung dugc nhu cSu ciia ngudi di cu Phan Idn nhung ngudi lao dgng di cu den Ha Ndi diu tim kie'm viec lam, chd d va cac thdng tin thiet yeu thong qua cac mdi 58 Nghien cQu Gia dinh va Gidi Quyen 19, so 6, tr 56-69 quan he hg hang, ban be, dong huong Diiu ciing cd nghia la ne'u khong cd mdi quen biet tir trudc, ngudi lao ddng di cu tu phat de'n Ha Ndi ra't khd tim manh mdi vi viec lam, chd d va cac thong tin quan trgng khac "He thdng cpian he cd nhdn cpid trinh di chuyen dong vai trd he't site cpian trgng 86% so di ddn thdng thudng vd 78% so di ddn miia vu cd ngudi cpien (gia dinh, ban be ) trUdc di chuyen den Hd Ndi 2/3 sd di ddn biet nhitng thdng tin ve viec Idm, nhd d tgi Hd Ndi chu yeu tii gia dinh ban be, ngudi cpien, rat it ngUdi nhdn thdng tin tif cdc phuong tien thdng tin dgi chiing" (Hoang Van Chiic, 2004) Kit qua phan tich sd lieu dudi day da cho thay nhiing minh chiing rd rang vi thach thdc cudc sdng thi ddi vdi lao dgng di cu nhin tir gdc tie'p can cac dich vii xa hdi Ket qua nghien ciifU Khd khan viec tie'p can djch vu y te Dich vu y te la mgt nhung diem khd khan ma lao dgng di cu phan anh nhiiu nha't Ban than lao ddng di cu xua't than tir ndng thon Ha Ndi tim kiem viec lam hau nhu ra't it hiiu bie't vi viec cham sdc su:c khoe cho ban than, ddng thdi hg cung thieu thong tin vi he thd'ng cham sdc sdc khoe d phd Cdng thdm dd la tiii tiin cua hg eo hep, nhieu trudng hgp khdng cd bao hiem y te nen danh phai bd qua nhting ca hdi can thiet nham cai thien siic khoe cho ban than Theo so lieu cd tdi 77% sd lao ddng di cu cd the bao hiem y te song co hdi kham chiia benh miin phi d phd lai rat han hep Thii tue rudm ra, nhidu khe, yeu cau giay chuyen vien tir tuye'n dudi ciia kham chira benh theo bao hiem von da khien cho ngudi dan e ngai, ddi vdi ngudi di cu khdng cd thdi gian, khdng cd diiu kien di lai thi qua la mgt thach thdc dang ke Nhu vay, kha nang tiep can he thd'ng cham sdc y te' cua nha nude bang the bao hiim y te cua ngudi di cu d Ha Ndi trd ndn ra't khd khan, it cd kha nang thuc hien dugc Kit qua phan tich so lieu cho tha'y dm dau, da so ngudi lao ddng di cu khong de'n cac benh vien hay cac co sd cham sdc y te' d phd ma phan Idn tu cira hang thudc mua thudc vi udng hoac la tranh thu vi que kham chiia benh cho dd ton tiin Cd tdi 74,9% sd lugt ngudi dugc hdi tra Idi dm dau da hieu thudc va mua thudc vi udng theo su chi dan cua Phan Thi Thanh Mai 59 Bieu L Noi den ciia lao dpng di cu dm dau 74.9 80 70 60 50 40 30 17.1 20 10 1.7 De tu khoi 16.3 D D Mua theo Tranh thu v6 chi dan ciia que kham ngufri ban thuA'c Ra benh vien cong 6.6 Ra phong kham tu ngudi ban thudc Cd 17,1% so lugt ngudi tra Idi da tranh thii vi que kham chiia benh Day la hai kha nang ma ngudi di cu dm dau lua chgn nhiiu nha't Tie'p theo dd mdi la lua chgn benh vien cdng: 16,3% (Bieu 1) Trong dd viec mua va sir dung thudc ma khdng dugc bac si kham va ke dan la mgt nguy co din din ngudi benh diing khdng diing thudc, diing liiu lugng va cd thi anh hudng nghiem trgng de'n sue khoe Vdi cau hdi "anh chi hoac cac vien gia dinh ciing di cu cd gap khd khan viec tiep can cac dich vu y te d Ha Ndi khdng?" thi kit qua sd lieu cho thay cd hon mgt nira sd ngudi tra Idi la hg cd gap khd khan (57,1%), tuong duong vdi 400 ngudi tren tdng sd 700 mSu diiu tra, dd ed 50,2% lugt ngudi tra Idi gia thudc cao qua 27,5% cho rang gia dich vu cao qua, 14,0% khong biet noi chiia benh cd gia ca phii hgp Ngoai la cac khd khan khac (Bieu 2) Nhu vay la gia thudc va gia dich vu cao la mgt nhirng nguyen nhan chit ye'u dan tdi khd khan viec kham chtra benh ciia lao dgng di cu Xuat phat tir kha nang chi tra cho viec kham chiia benh ciia ngudi di cu ra't tha'p, hg khdng cd dii tiin di chay chiia bang dich vii hay mua thudc gia cao, vi thi khdng it ngudi sd hg danh chap nhan vi que kham chtra benh d cac co sd y te tuyen dudi de dugc sir dung bao hiem khdng 60 Nghien ciiru Gia dinh va Gidi Quyen 19, so 6, tr 56-69 Bi6u Nhung kho khan gap phai qua trinh kham ch&a benh 50.2 60 iO 40 27.5 20.2 30 14 20 10 D n Khong Khong 1.5 cm Gia Gia biet noi biei noi dich vu thudc chira chiia cao cao Bac sT, Khong nhan CO ho vien khau Khac mat tiin hoac la diing dich vu phii hgp vdi tiii tiin ciia hg Cd mgt sd ngudi tra loi la d phd hg khdng biet noi kham chiia benh dang tin cay: ty le la 8,8% Cd mgt sd nhd cho biet hg gap khd khan su vdi vinh, ddi xir khdng tdt ciia y bac sy hoac nhan vien phuc vu Kit qua nghien ciiu dinh tinh cung cho tha'y nhirng ngudi di cu dm dau thudng vi que de kham chtra benh d tram xa tai que Nguyen nhan hg khdng cd bao hiem y te nen lo sg kham chiia benh d phd phai mat nhiiu tiin, dd kham d que hg dugc miin phi gan nhu hoan toan: H; Khi ban than chi hay ngudi gia dinh 6m dau thi chi lam the nao, thudng di kham chti'a benh d dau? 0: Co benh tat thi ve que chOa, chira d day minh khdng c6 bao hiem, tien thi it nen minh khdng di H: Chi chua bao gid kham chu'a benh a day a? D: Chua, thay ngudi ta bao moi lan kham het nhieu tien nen sg khdng dam di (PVS nii, 35 tudi, ban hang rong) Ngay ca nhting trudng hgp lao ddng ntr di cu cd thai hg cung tim each de thu xip vi que kham benh va khdng kham d Ha Ndi Tuy nhien nhung trudng hgp la tam ly e ngai vd'n ed ciia ngudi d que phd Hg khdng dam tu minh di kham vi sg ngudi phd che minh la que miia Phan Thi Thanh Mai 61 Bang Noi de'n can tim hieu va sii dung bien phap tranh thai Khdn g Co Noi de'n can tim hieu va siir dung bien phap tranh thai % Cira hang thudc phd 13,9 % N 97 86,1 603 659 637 N Co sd y te tu nhan 5,9 41 94,1 Tram y te phuong, benh vien phd' 9.0 63 91.0 Tram y te a que benh vien que 51.3 359 48.7 341 Hoi can bo phii nQ d gan nha tro 1.0 99.0 693 Khac 19,0 133 81,0 567 Khong biet 12.9 90 87,1 610 Chi thuc su quen thudc vdi noi de'n di cu hg mdi cd thi de'n co sd y te de kham benh Em khdng mudn di kham thai ct day Vi em ngai lam Vi a que chiing em mdi di day em so khong dam di Chung em de'n bdn nam thang la chung em ve nha chiing em kham, khdng dam day Sg ngudi ta che minh Em ngai lam, khong dam day, hai lam Nhung bay gid em quen roi thi em cdn di, nhung luc bay gid em mdi em hai lam, khdng dam (PVS nu', 25 tudi, ban hang rong) Trong dich vu cham sdc y te, ngudi di cu cdn gap khd khan viec tim hieu va sir dung cac bien phap tranh Tra Idi cau hdi "khi can sir dung hoac tim hieu cac bien phap tranh thai thi anh/chi cd the den noi nao?", cd tdi 359 ngudi, chiem 51,3%, tra Idi noi tim den la tram y te d que/benh vien d que, 13,9% tim den la cac cira hang thudc phd Trong dd chi cd 63 trudng hgp, chiem 9% tim de'n tram y te d phudng, benh vien phd, 5,9% trudng hcfp nhd de'n cac ca sd y te tu nhan d phd Tong ca hai co sd y te cdng va tu d Ha Ndi dugc ngudi lao ddng di cu tim den can sir dung va tim hieu cac bien phap tranh thai chi d mii:c ty le tren 10% (bang 1) Nhu vay, noi ma ngudi di cu trdng cay nhieu nha't cho viec cham sdc siic khoe sinh san vSn la benh vien, tram y te d que Cd nghia la hg danh phai chd dgi vao thdi gian rdi viec de tranh thii ve qud tim hieu, sir dung 62 Nghien ciiru Gia dinh va Gidi Quyen 19, so 6, tr 56-69 Bang Ty le nhd theo bd me di cu Co nhd dudi tudi theo khong Co Khdng Tdng N % 20 680 700 2,9 97,1 100 cac bien phap tranh thai Trong dd theo Id gic thdng thudng, chd gan, thuan tien cho hg nhat la phd noi hg di cu de'n lai khdng the mang lai cho hg su thoai mai va di chiu viec tiep can dich vu cham sdc su'c khoe Kho khan viec tim Idp hgc cho Cudc diiu tra chi dat va'n de tim hieu nhting khd khan trd ngai gi viec tim kiem nhting ca sd trdng tre, lap mSu giao cho minh ciia cha me di cu Tuy nhien, thuc te' cho thay cd rat it cha me di cu mang theo ca cai phd dieu kien tai chinh, diiu kien sinh boat thieu thdn Da sd nhting lao ddng di cu dugc hdi diu de' d lai qud cho bd me gia hoac ngudi than cham sdc Trong 700 mSu diiu tra thi chi cd 20 trudng hgp lao ddng di cu cd nhd dudi tudi di theo, chiem ty le 2,9% (bang 2) Trong sd 20 ngudi it di thi cd tdi 17 trudng hgp, chie'm 85% sd ngudi tra Idi la cd gap khd khan viec tim dugc nhting co sd trdng tre, Idp mlu giao cho minh Khi tim hieu nhimg khd khan dd la gi thi cd 8/17 tra Idi gap khd khan tiin hgc qua cao, cd 6/17 trudng hgp tra Idi khdng cd hd khau ndn khdng dugc hgc, cd 3/17 trudng hgp tra Idi ddng tiin trai tuyen cao Mgt vai trudng hgp khac la vi cac ly nhu thdi gian giri tre khdng thuan tien, phai di xa hay ly khac (bang 3) Mac du sd 20 trudng hgp la rat it song nd cQng phan anh phan nao thuc trang khd khan ciia cac bac cha me la lao ddng di cu mang theo nhd d tudi mam non va cd gang tim kie'm noi giri de di lam d dat thu dd Dudi day la mgt trudng hgp gia dinh lao ddng di cu, hai vg chdng va hai nhd ciing len phd Tuy nhien, theo Idi ngudi vg thi tien hgc qua cao nen anh chi quyet dinh phai giri dira Idn dang hgc tieu hgc vi que Phan Thi Thanh Mai 63 Bang Nhung kho khan ma ngudi di cu gap tim Idp hoc cho Gap phai nhiirng kho khan tim lop hoc cho Dong tien trai tuye'n cao Phai di xa ne'u mudn giri re hon Ti^n hoc qua cao Khong dugc hoc khong co ho khau Thai gian giri tre khong thuSn tien Khac Co % 17,6 11,8 47.1 35,3 11,8 5.9 Khong N % 82,4 88,2 52,9 64,7 88,2 94,1 N 14 15 11 15 16 hgc Cdn dtia nhd dang hgc mlu giao cung dung trudc nguy co phai dua vi que de giri vi bd me nd khdng kiem du tiin de ddng hgc cho con: Chau hoc den het hoc ky I ciia Idp thi chuyen ve que hoc roi vi hoc d day tdn kem qua, hai dira hoc d day thi khong kham ndi Chi phi hoc ciia chau Idn moi thang 50 nghin tien hoc them, cdn tien hoc phi, dong gop no, c6 le mot nam cung phai vai trieu Chau be hoc mau giao cung mat 4-5 tram Neu cdng an cii bat bd nhu the thi co le phai mot ngudi ve que cho an hoc mot ngudi d lai di lam, chiir ca hai vg chong d day thi kho khan qua (PVS nti' 35 tudi, ban hang rong) Mgt trudng hgp khac la ngudi me 46 tudi lam nghi ban hang rong, dugc hdi cd y dinh cho len Ha Ndi hay khong thi chi cho bie't "Khdng, di hgc dddy Idm duoc, minh khdng cd tien md ddng hgc ddu, lai phdi thue chd d niCa Cho hgc hdnh d que diqudn ly hon, het it tien hon " (PVS nti, 46 tuoi, ban hang rong) Rd rang, mgt mat mire thu nhap ciia ngudi lao ddng di cu va mtic chi phi cho viec hgc hanh, cham sdc nhd d phd la ly chinh khien hau he't nhung ngudi di cu diu phai de lai que nhd bd me, ngudi than cham sdc de di kiem tiin, mat khac, cdn diiu kien sdng d phd cua ngudi bd ngudi me la lao ddng di cu cdn rat thie'u thdn, nha trg chat choi, an udng kham khd, khdng cd thdi gian cham sdc cai Cd le vi vay, cudc sdng xa each giira bd me va cai trd mgt su lua chgn ta't ye'u ciia nhung ngudi lao dgng di cu tir cac viing lan can thu dd Ha Ndi 64 Nghien ciiru Gia dinh va Gidi Quyen 19, so 6, tr 56-69 Bang Ty le nguoi bie't to chvid trung tam gidi thieu viec lam, tu van Co biet to child trung tam gidi thieu viec lam, tu van nao khong ~C6 Khong Tdng N 53 647 700 % 7^ 92,4 100 Kho tiep can djch vu gidi thieu viec lam, t u van Ngoai cac dich vu nhu y te, giao due thi cdn nhirng dich vu xa hdi khac cung ra't can thie't ddi vdi ngudi lao ddng di cu song hau nhu hg khdng tiip can dugc hoac ra't khd tiep can cac dich vii Mgt nhirng dich vu la gidi thieu viec lam, tu va'n cac va'n d i y te, xa hdi d Ha Ndi Vdi cau hdi "anh, chi cd biet bat ky mgt td chirc, mgt co quan hay mgt trung tam gidi thieu viec lam/tu van cac van d i y te/xa hdi nao d Ha Ndi khdng?", ke't qua cho thay cd tdi 92,4% sd ngudi tra Idi la "khdng bie't" Chi cd 7,6% so ngudi tra Idi la "cd biet" Nghia la dai da sd ngudi lao dgng di cu khdng h i biet den bat ky mgt td chiic hay mgt trung tam gidi thieu viec lam nao d Ha Ndi (bang 4) Trong sd 53 trudng hgfp tra Idi la cd biit vi cac td chirc, ca quan thi cd 23 trudng hgp la da timg nhd cac td chiic, co quan tu va'n v i va'n d i viec lam Cd trudng hgp la nhd tu van vi cham sdc sire khoe ndi chung Sd cdn lai la nhd tu va'n vi cac van de khac nhu CSSK sinh san, phdng chd'ng HIV, binh dang gidi Cdn mgt sd cac trudng hgp khac la biet cac trung tam nhung khdng nhd tu va'n Tim hieu nguyen nhan vi ngudi lao ddng di cu lai khdng can nhd tu va'n cua cac td chuc, co quan thi cd 10 trudng hgp khdng can nhd vi thuc su la khdng tin cac trung tam dich vu kieu nay, cd trudng hcfp khdng can nhd vi nghl ting chi phi ton kem, cd trudng hop la da cd viec lam rdi nen khong can nhd tu van nira Mgt vai trudng hgp khac la vi ly sg phai chd dgi lau hay la cac ly khac (bang 5) Nhu vay, nhirng sd ndi len rang cac dich vu gidi thieu viec lam, tu va'n v i cac va'n d i y te, xa hdi d Ha Ndi thuc su chua cd tac dung dang Phan Thi Thanh Mai 65 Bang Cac van de can nhd tu van Vain de tirng nhd tu vain % N Nhd tim viec lam Cham soc sire khoe noi chung, kham benh Cham soc sire Idioe sinh san Phong chdng HIV Tim hieu STDs, binh ding gidi Dieu kien lao dong cho ngudi di cu Biet nhung khong can nhd Tong 43,4 13.2 3,8 3,8 3,8 1,9 30,2 100 23 2 16 53 ki nao de'n ngudi lao ddng di cu Da phan hg vfin cam tha'y cac dich vu xa vdi, hoac khdng cd hieu bie't rd rang vi chung Chi cd mgt so it ngudi bie't thi hg lai chua cd long tin vi cac dich vu Diiu cung ly giai nguyen nhan vi hau bet ngudi di cu tir ndng thdn Ha Ndi tim viec, tim nha trg va cac thdng tin thiet yeu khac cudc sdng diu dua vao mdi quan he hg hang, ban be, ddng huong Cac chuong trinh giiip dd ngudi di cu cdn han che Khi tim hieu vi chuong trinh giiip dd ngudi di cu tai noi cu tru thi ke't qua cho thay la phan Idn ngudi lao ddng di cu khong biet mgt chuong trinh nao cd lien quan de'n va'n di da va dang thuc hien Cd tdi 95,3% sd ngudi tra Idi khong bie't de'n mgt chuong trinh di cu nao, chi cd 4.7% ngudi lao ddng di cu, tuong duong vdi 33/700 trudng hgp dugc phdng van tti Idi cd bie't ve chuong trinh giup dd ngudi di cu tai phudng hg tam trii (bang 6) Bang Co bie't chuong trinh nao giiip dd nguoi di cu tai phudng Co biet chuong trinh nao giiip da ngudi di cu tai phudng Co Khong Tdng % 4,7 95.3 100 N 33 667 700 66 Nghien cUu Gia dinh va Gidi Quyen 19, so 6, tr 56-69 Trong sd 33 trudng hgp it di tra Idi "cd bie't" thi chi cd 19/33 trudng hgp cho bie't cd tham gia boat ddng ciia chuong trinh giiip dd ngudi di cu tai dia phuong (bang 7) Tim hieu nguyen nhan vi ngudi lao ddng di cu khdng tham gia vao cac boat ddng cua chuong trinh giup dd ngudi di cu thi sd 14 ngudi cd bie't nhung khdng tham gia chuong trinh cd ngudi tra Idi khdng cd thdi gian, cd ngudi tra Idi chuong trinh chi mdi mgt sd dai dien va cd ngudi la khdng mudn tham gia (bang 8) Nhu vay, phan Idn ngudi di cu vSn cd nguyen vgng mudn cd va mudn tham gia boat ddng ciia cac chuong trinh giiip dd ngudi di cu tai dia phuong noi hg cu trii Tuy nhien, thuc te cac chuong trinh ra't it va neu cd chang cung chi cd mgt bd phan ra't nhd nhirng ngudi di cu biet de'n Trong sd nhting ngudi it di bie't dugc thi lai vi ly hay ly khac hg khdng the tham gia boat ddng ciia cac chuong trinh Qua tim hieu d cac phudng cd nhiiu ngudi lao ddng di cu cu tru nhu Bang Tham gia vao boat dgng ciia chuong trinh giiip dd nguoi di cu Co tham gia vao hoat dong cua chuong trinh Co Khong Tdng % 57.6 42.4 100 N 19 14 33 Bang Ly khong tham gia hoat dgng cua chuong trinh Ly khong mudn tham gia Chi cd mot sd dai dien dugc mdi Khong CO thdi gian tham gia Khong mudn tham gia Tdng N 14 Phan Thi Thanh Mai 67 phudng Phiic Xa cho thay d day da cd mgt sd chuong trinh giiip dd ngudi di cu nhu chuong trinh cham sdc sire khoe sinh san, chuong trinh tuyin truyen vi HIV/AIDS H: CJ phudng Phuc Xa c6 du an hay chuong trinh ho trg nao cho ngudi dan nhap cu khdng? D: C6 day, hinh nhu co td chdc anh sang gi do, thinh thoang lai di phat bao cao su, roi tuyen truyen ve phbng chdng HIV, quan he tinh due lanh manh Dao trudc cdn co td chirc nao cap cho tii thudc chung cho mdi nha trp H: Thudc la cua td chirc nao? Sd lugng thudc dugc cap nhu the nao va nhung dugc quyen tie'p can tii thudc do? D: Chang bie't cua to chiic nao Chi co thudc thdng thudng thdi, dau bung, nhiic dau, sd mui Trong khu nha tro co can thi lay Ho cap mi§n phf he't (PVS nam, 26 tudi, cdng nhan) Hau nhu cac phudng khac khdng ed hoac rat hiem cac chuong trinh giup dd ngudi di cu Hau hit ngudi lao ddng di eu diu tra Idi la khdng bie't din bat ed mgt chuong trinh nao cd noi dung giup dd nhu vay ca Phdng va'n cac trudng hgp lao ddng di cu diu cho tha'y hg khong dugc tiep can hoac tham chi chua bao gid dugc nghe ndi den cac chuong trinh giup dd ngudi di cu: H: phudng c6 chuong trinh nao h6 trg cho ngudi dan nhap cu khong? D: Khdng, chang thay co chuong trinh nao ca H: Cac chj co dugc tham gia vao cac sinh hoat chung ciia phudng, td dan phd khdng? D: Khong, chang tha'y bao gi ca Di lam ve tdi muon roi tam giat lo di ngu de hdm sau cdn di lam, chang quan tam gi de'n xung quanh (PVS nCr, 35 tudi, ban hang rong) Trong sd lugng ngudi lao ddng di cu tir ndng thdn Ha Ndi cang tang thi cac chuong trinh giup dd ngudi di cu lai rat it va dudng nhu chi dimg d miic thi diem d mgt vai phudng cd nhiiu ngudi lao ddng di cu cu tru nhu phudng Phiie Xa Hau hit cac phudng khac rat hiem hoac chua bao gid cd bat cii mgt chuong trinh nao giup dd ngudi di cu tren dia ban 68 Nghien ciiru Gia dinh va Gidi Quyen 19, so 6, tr 56-69 Day la mgt thiet thdi rat Idn ddi vdi ngudi dan nong thdn dd thi de muu sinh Nhung ngudi lao ddng di cu hau nhu chi biet lao ddng quan quat de kie'm tiin giri ve cho gia dinh va hg khong hi dugc giiip dd hudng dan de cham sdc siic khoe, cham lo ddi sdng tinh than cho ban than Trong dd, neu dugc su quan tam ciia cac chuong trinh giiip dd ngudi di eu, sire khoe ciia ngudi di cu se tdt hon, cudc sdng ciia ngudi di cu se dugc cai thien tdt hon va cac te nan xa hdi cdng ddng cd the se giam di Ket luan Nhu vay, nhin chung d cac thi, dd cd Ha Ndi, hau nhu chua cd he thd'ng dich vu xa hdi danh rieng cho ngudi di cu He thd'ng dich vu hien cd gan nhu chi cd the dap ung cho ngudi dan cd hd khau cu trii lau dai tai khu vuc thi dd Vi vay, vd tinh ngudi lao ddng di cu va cai ciia hg se phai chiu thiet thdi khdng dugc dap irng day dii cac nhu cau vi cham sdc sire khoe, hgc tap, tim kie'm viec lam va cac dich vu xa hdi khac Khi tinh trang di cu tu tir ndng thon vi dd thi cang tang thi cac dich vu xa hoi dap iing cho nhu cau cua ngudi lao ddng di cu cang trd nen thieu thdn hon Thuc trang da it nhiiu dugc nhac de'n qua mgt so cac nghiin ciai vi di eu va mgt so cac bai bao dang tai tren cac phuong tien thong tin dai chung Tuy nhien, cho de'n thdi diem hien nay, chua cd mgt nghien cun hay mgt bai vie't nao dua dugc so day dii va cu the vi su thie'u thdn ciia he thdng dich vu xa hoi ddi vdi ngudi di cu Vi vay, cd the ndi di tai cap bd "Su thich iing cua nhting ngudi di cu tu ndng thdn vao cac phd va cac viing phu can - nghien cun trudng hgp Ha Ndi" lan dau tien da dua dugc nhting sd chiing minh thach thiic ddi vdi ngudi di cu vi mat tie'p can he thdng dich vu xa hdi nhu y te, giao due, cac to chuc tu va'n ve viec lam, y te', xa hoi va cac chuong trinh giiip da ngudi di eu Trong dd, rieng khia canh cham sdc siic khoe ciia ngudi di cu da dugc mgt vai nghien cdu di cap de'n dac biet dugc chii trgng di tai Lao ddng ndng thdn di cu tu len dd thi dugc xem nhu la mgt diiu ta't ye'u nin kinh te'thi trudng Vi vay, d noi de'n, tiic la cac phd, dd cd Ha Ndi, nha nude can phai cd chinh sach phat trien he thd'ng dich vu xa hdi dap ting nhu cau vi y te', giao due, tu van viec lam, nha d v.v cho nhirng ngudi lao ddng di cu Hg can dugc dugc ddi xir binh dang Phan Thi Thanh Mai 69 nhu mgt cdng dan binh thudng noi hg tam trii nham sinh sdng va lam viec Hg can dugc tao diiu kien kham chtra benh miin phi theo bao hiim y te, can dugc cung cap cac bien phap tranh thai va tham gia eac chuong trinh cham sdc siic khoe tai phd noi hg tam trii Bdn canh dd, can phai cd mgt he thd'ng to ehiie, trung tam tu va'n vi va'n di viec lam, cac van di y te, xa hdi danh cho ngudi lao ddng di cu de hg khdng bi sa vao "bay" cua nhting ke ba't luong Igi dung su ca tin, thieu hieu biit eiia ngudi lao ddng nong thdn de lira gat Khong nhung ban than ngudi di cu ma cai ciia hg cung can cd su cham sdc chu dao vi mat giao due, y t i nhu tre em phd Khi ngudi lao ddng di cu mang thai, hg can dugc tiem vac xin phdng benh d co sd y t i noi hg tam trii, khdng phai quay trd vi que Con cai ciia ngudi di cu can dugc tao diiu kien de hgc tap vdi che hgc phi phii hgp cho ngudi dan ngheo di cu.U Tai lieu tham khao Nguyin Van Tien va Nguyfin Hoang Mai 2006 "Di dan de'n cac phd Idn d Viet Nam: nhting va'n de thuc ti6n va chinh sach" Tgp chi Xa hoi hgc sd Ha Thi Phuong Tien va Ha Quang Nggc 2000 Lao dgng nudi cunt nong thon - thdnh thi H.: Nxb Phu nQ Le Hong Son "Dan di cu thi: quyen nguoi di cu chua dugc dam bao" http://giadinh.net.vn Hoang Van Chiic 2004 Di ddn tu de'n Hd Noi H.: Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia  ... trgng ddi ngudi lao ddng di cu nhung hg lai thieu diiu kien de tiep can he thdng dich vu "Viec sit dung cdc dich vu y te de bdo ve vd cham lo site khoe cho bdn thdn ddi vdi ngudi lao dgng di cu... dd ngudi di cu tren dia ban 68 Nghien ciiru Gia dinh va Gidi Quyen 19, so 6, tr 56-69 Day la mgt thiet thdi rat Idn ddi vdi ngudi dan nong thdn dd thi de muu sinh Nhung ngudi lao ddng di cu... giup dd ngudi di cu thi sd 14 ngudi cd bie't nhung khdng tham gia chuong trinh cd ngudi tra Idi khdng cd thdi gian, cd ngudi tra Idi chuong trinh chi mdi mgt sd dai dien va cd ngudi la khdng