Chuyển đổi phương pháp tiếp cận nghèo đa chiều nhằm bảo đảm mức sống tối thiểu và nâng cao khả năng tiếp cận các dịch vụ xã hội cơ bản của người dân, thực hiện mục tiêu giảm nghèo bền vững

Quan tri#t va thuc hi?n Nghi quyet Dai hgi XII oia Dang Tvp cM C4M0^dn CHUYEN DOI PHUONG PHAP TIEP CAN NGHEO DA CHliU NHAM BAO DAM MUC SONG Tdi THIEU VA NANG CAO KHA NANG TIEP CAN CAC DICH VU XA HOI CO BAN CUA NGUOI DAN, THUC HIEN MUC TIEU GIAM NGHEO B I N VUNG DAO NGQC DUNG* Vift Nam Id Mim sdng cong tdc gidm ngheo du^c cpng dong quoc ti ghi nhgn vd danh gid "bdo ddm nguyen tac cong khai, minh bgch, it that thodt va hifu qud" Tuy nhien, vdi cdch tiip cgn ngheo dem chieu (chi d^ra vao tieu chi thu nhgp) nhu tru&c ddy, vifc lu&ng ngheo cua nu&c ta khong phd hffp v&i xu the m&L Vi vgy, de thfrc hifn mgctieugidm ngheo bin vimg can chuyen ddi phmmg phdptiepcgn M lu&ng nghko tir dem chieu sang da chieu, theo dd cdc tieu chi tiip cgn gom tieu chi vi thu nhgp, muc dp thiiu hgt cdc djch vg xd hpi cff ban T Hl/C hi?n Nghj quyet Dgi hpi XI ciia vd mien nui, xd ddc bipt khd khdn viing bai Dang ve vipc "day mgnh giam ngheo ngang ven bien vd hai dao; tgo sy chuyen ben viing, nang cao thu nhgp, khdng bien mgnh me, toan dipn ve cdng tac gidm ngiing cdi thipn ddi sdng vd ehdt lupng dan ngh^o d cdc vimg ngheo; gdp phan thu h?p sd cita ddng bdo cdc dan tpc thieu sd"*" va khoang cdch chenh Ipch ve miic sdng giihi Nghi quyit sd 80/NQ-CP, ngdy 19-5-2011, thdnh thi va ndng thdn, giiia cdc vimg, cdc cua Chinh phii ve Dfnh hu&ng gidm ngheodan tpc va cac nhdm dan cu ben vung thai ky tir ndm 2011 den ndm Trong ndm (2011 - 2015) tir vipc thyc 2020, nhiing ndm viia qua, cdc chinh hipn chucmg trinh va cac chinh sdch ho trp sach ho trp giam ngheo dupc Dang, Qudc giam ngh^o, ty Ip hp ngheo cd nudc dd giam hpi, Chinh phti quan tam, chi dgo manh mS, tir 14,2% cudi ndm 2010 xudng cdn 4,25% quyet lipt hudng tdi cdc mye tieu: cdi thipn vao cudi nam 2015 (binh quan giam 2%/ vd timg budc nang cao dieu kipn sdng ciia ngudi ngheo, uu tien ngudi ngheo la ddng • Uy vien Trang ucmg E)ing, Bp trudng B0 Lao bao dan tpc thieu sd, ngudi ngheo thupc (l$ng - Thuong binh vi Xi h$i huyen ngheo, xd bien gidi, xd an toan khu, (1) Vdn kifn Dgi hQi dgi bieu loan quoc lan thir XI, xa, thdn, ban ddc bipt khd khdn viing dan tpc Nxb Chinh trj quoc gia - Sv th|t, Hk N^i, 2011 tr 121 s i 893 ( t h a n u n a m 2017) Quan tript va thi/c hipn Nghi quyet Dai hgi XH ciia Dang ndm), ty Ip hp ngheo ciia cac huypn ngheo da giam hi 58,33% cudi ndm 2010 xudng cdn 28% cudi ndm 2015 (binh quan giam 6%/ndm), ty Ip hp ngheo ciia cdc xd, thdn, ban dac bipt khd khan vung dan tpc va mien mii, xd d^c bipt khd khan viing bai ngang ven bien va hdi dao giam binh quan khodng 3% - 4%/ndm, dgt mye tieu ke hogch de tgi Nghi quyit sd 80/NQ-CP cua Chinh phii Thanh tyu giam ngheo cita Vipt Nam giai dogn 2011 - 2015 the hipn sy quyet tam ciia Chinh phii vipc thyc hipn Mye tieu phat trien Thien nien ky (MDG) vi xda ddi, gidm ngheo, dupc cpng ddng qudc te ghi nhgn vd danh gid: Vipt Nam la diem sang t"ong cdng tac giam ngheo Cpng ddng qudc te, nhu Chuong trinh Phat trien Lien hpp qudc (UNDP), Ngan hang Thi gidi (WB), Dgi su quan Ai-len, Oxfam'^', danh gia cao Chuong trinh 30a vd Chucmg trinh 135, ghi nhgn: "Chuang trinh hd trp giam ngheo todn dipn nhdt ddi vdi cdc viing ngheo, bao dam nguyen tic cdng khai, minh bgch, it that thodt, hipu qud, dupc nhieu chinh phu, to chtic qudc te hpc tgp va chia se kinh nghipm" Tuy nhien, nhim bao dam miic sdng tdi thieu vd khdng ngimg nang cao kha ndng tiep cgn cac djch vy xd hpi co ban ciia ngudi dan theo tinh thin Nghj quyit sd 76/2014/QHi3, ngdy24-6-2016, ciia Qudc hpi khda X'i "Ddy mgnh ihuc hifn muc lieu gidm ngheo ben vimg den ndm 2020", dd neu rd: xdy dung chudn ngheo mai theo phuang phdp tiep cgn da chieu nhdm bdo ddm miec song toi thieu vd ddp ung cdc dich vu xd hpi ca bdn, 15-9-2015 Thii tudng Chinh phii da ban hanh Quyet djnh sd 1614/QD-TTg, "Phe duyft De dn long the "Chuyen ddi phuang phdp liep can ludng ngheo tie dan chieu sang da chieu dp dgng cho giai Tgp chf C»ng mAn dogn 2016 - 2020 " theo hudng sir dyng ket hpp cd chuan ngheo ve thu nhap va muc dp thiiu hut tiip cgn cac djch vy xa hpi co ban Theo do, tieu chi ludng ngheo dupc xay d\mg tren co sd: i - Cac tieu chi ve thu nhdp, bao gdm chuan mite sdng tdi thieu ve thu nhgp 2- Mtic dp thieu hyt tiep can cac djch \ u xa hpi co ban, bao gdm tiep cgn ve y te giao due, nha d, nudc sgch va vp sinh, ticp cgn thdng tin; Quyit dinh sd 59/2015/ QD-TTg 19-11-2015, ciia Thu tudng Chinh phli, "Ve vifc ban hdnh chudn ngheo tiep can da chieu dp dung cho giai dogn 20i6-202(r\ Viec chuyen ddi phuong phdp tiep cgn iudng ngheo d Vipt Nam theo hudng da chieu nhdm tgo dieu kipn de nhdn dgng cac ddi tupng ngheo chinh xdc va cy the hon; ddng thdi thu thgp thdng tin ve hp gia dinh thupc ddi tupng nghfeo, cgn ngheo vd thdng tin ve cac thdnh vien hp, tinh trgng thieu hyt tiep cgn cac djch vy xa hpi co ban ctia cae vien, iam co sd nghien ciru, xdy dyng eac giai phdp, ke hogch, co che, chinh sach hd trp phit hpp vdi nhu cau, ddc tinh ciia hp ngheo, hp cgn ngh^o, qua dd tgo dieu kipn nang cao mirc sdng, cai thipn thu nhgp, timg budc thoat ngheo ben vihig vd tiep cgn tdt hon vdi cac djch vu xa hpi CO b a n Thdng qua tiep cgn ludng ngheo da chieu, danh gia dupc mtic dp thay ddi kha ndng tiep cgn cdc djch vy xd hpi co ban ciia (TiThtoTirdtenbdchkhoa loan thu md{\^'i\iiptA\^) Oxfam la mpt lien minh quoc te cua 17 to chiic lim vi?c t^i 94 qu6c gia tren toin the gidi Ah tim giai ph4p lau dai khftc phiic tinh tr^ng ngheo doi va bat cong Oxfam lam vifc Uyc tiep vol c ^ cgng dong \ a tim each de gay anh huong den cdc cuong quoc de bao dam rSng ngucn n^to c6 the cii thi?n cupc song vk sinh ke ciia hp \k co mOt tifing noi cdc quyfit dmh co anh huong d^n hp So ( t h a n y n i m 2017) cjuan tript va thyc hipn Nghi quyet Dai hpi XH ciia Dang ngudi dan ddng thdi giiip co quan quan ly nhin nhgn rd hon cac khu \TJC cdc nhdm ddi tupng cd mirc dp ngheo va thieu hut cac dich vy xd hpi CO ban eao, lam co sd xay dyng cdc chinh sach vi md, chinh sach nganh de timg budc gidm ddn miic dp thieu hyt giiia cdc vimg, nhdm dan cu Vipc xac djnh miic dp thieu hyt cac dich vu xa hpi CO ban cua ngudi dan thdng qua tiip cgn ludng ngheo da chieu gdp phan tdng tinh hieu qua ctia chinh sdch ho trp, hgn chi tinh trgng trdng chd, y lgi ctia ddi tupng thy hudng, ddng thdi la co sa di xay dyng ki hogch ngan sdch thyc hipn cdc chinh sdch giam nghdo vd an sinh xd hpi phii hpp hon Thyc hi0n tdt vipc chuyen ddi phucmg phdp tiip cgn ludng ngheo theo hudng da chieu cung gdp phan nang cao vj thd cua Vipt Nam tren cdc dien dan qudc te, the hipn quyit tam ciia Ddng, Nha nudc vipc thye hipn khuyen nghj ciia Lien hpp qudc thyc hi?n muc tieu phat dien ben viing den ndm 2030 Dc trien khai cac quyet djnh ciia Thii tudng Chinh phii, Bp Lao dpng - Thucmg binh vd Xd hpi dd td chire tuyen truyen sdu rpng tren cac phuang tipn thdng rin dgi chiing; phdi hpp vdi cdc bp, co quan Trung uong, cdc dja phuong ngliien ctiu vd xay dyng phuong phap, bp cdng ey, quy trinh dieu tra, rd sodt hp ngheo, hd cgn ngheo hdng ndm; ban hdnh cac thdng tu, van ban hudng dan vd td chtic tgp huan, hudng din din cdp huypn cho toan bp cdc tinh, phd tren ca nudc de td chuc Tdng dieu tra hp ngheo, hd cgn nghdo cudi ndm 2015 vd soat hp ngheo cudi ndm 2016 theo nguyen tdc cdng khai, dan chii, tdng cudng sy tham gia ciia ngudi ddn, cd sy gidm sat cua Mdt trgn Td qudc va cdc td chiic vien eac cdp Theo ket qua Tdng dieu tra hp ngheo 26 So 893 (Ihiinc nSm 2017) T p p chf C ^ n g sdn hp cgn ngheo theo tieu chi ngheo da chiiu, din cudi ndm 2015 ca nudc cd 2.338.569 hp ngheo, chiim ty Ip 9,88% (trong ty 1$ hp ngheo cd mtic thu nhgp tu 700.000 ddng/ ngudi/thang trd xudng d khu vyc ndng thdn, 900.000 ddng/ngudi/thdng trd xudng d khu vyc thj chiim khoang 8,28% tdng si hp nghdo toan qudc; ty Ip hp ngheo co mirc thu nhgp tren 700.000 ddng din 1.000.000 ddng/ngudi/thdng d khu v\rc ndng thdn, tren 900.000 ddng din 1.300.000 ddng/ngudi/ thdng d khu vyc thdnh thi, ddng thdi thiiu hyt riip can tir 03 djch vy xd hpi ca ban fro len chiim khoang 1,6% tdng sd hp nghdo toan qudc); sd hp can nghdo Id 1.235.784 hp, chiim ty Ip 5.22% Tdng sd hp nghdo tren dja ban 64 huy?ii nghdo theo Nghj quyit sd 30a/2008/NQ-CP ngdy 27-12-2008, etia Chinh phu " Vi Chuang trinh ho Irpr gidm ngheo nhanh vd ben vibtg doi v&i 61 huyfn ngheo" Id 371.990 hp (chiim ty Ip 50,43%); tdng sd hp cgn nghdo Id 94.611 hp (chiem ty Ip 12,83%) Ty Ip thieu hyt mirc dp tiep cgn cdc dich vy xd hpi CO ban ciia hp nghdo tren cd nudc nhu sau: thieu hyt the bdo hiem y te (cd it nhat mpt vien tir tudi trd len khdng cd the bdo hiim y ti) la 26,82%; thiiu hgt ve tiep cgn djch vu y te (cd ngudi bj dm dau nhung khdng di khdm, cht^a bpnh tropg vdng 12 thang tinh den thdi diem dieu tra) Id 7,35%; thieu hyt trinh dp giao dye ctia ngudi ldn (cd it nhat mpt thdnh vien tir 15 tudi den dudi 30 tudi chua tdt nghipp trung hpc co so va hipn khdng di hpc) la 20,38%; thiiu hyt ve tinh trgng di hpc ctia tre em (cd it nh^l mpt vien tir din dudi 15 tudi hi^n khdng di hpc) Id 6,96%; thiiu hyt vi chdt lupng nhd d (dang d nha thiiu kien cd hodc nha don so) Id 39,51%; thiiu hyt vc dipn tich nhd d (dipn tich nhd d binh qudn Quan tript va thuc hipn Nghj quyet Dai hpi XH ciia Dang T^ip «hf C»ng »An dudi 8m^/ngudi) Id 27,72%; thieu hyt ve cho khdng va chuyen sang cac chinh sach hd ngudn nudc sinh hogt (khdng dupc tiep can trp cd dieu kien, cd hoan tra; md rpng chinh ngudn nudc hpp ve sinh) la 21,80%; thieu sach ho trp ddi vdi hd cgn ngheo, hp mdi hyt ve hd xi/nhd tieu hpp vp sinh (khdng sii thoat nghdo; ldng ghep vdi viec thuc hipn 21 dyng hd xi/nha rieu hpp ve sinh) la 56,14%; chuong trinh cd muc rieu cua cac bp, nganh, thidu hyt ve sii dung dich vu vien thdng CO quan trung uong viec thyc hien (khdng cd vien ndo sii dung thue bao muc tieu giam ngheo ben viing gan vdi xay dipn thogi vd in-to-net) la 24,37%; thieu hyt dyng ndng thdn mdi ve tai san phyc \u tiep can thdng tin (khdng Thie hai, tap trung ngudn lyc cita Chuong cd ti-vi, ra-di-d, mdy tinh vd khdng nghe trinh Muc tieu qudc gia giam ngheo ben vihig dupc hp thdng loa dai truyen xa/thdn) giai dogn 2016 - 2020 cho cac dja ban ngheo la 17,98% nhdt ciia ed nudc, dd la cdc huyen nghdo, cdc Ndm 2016 ndm ddu tien tnen khai xd, thdn, ban dae bipt khd khdn vimg dan tpc Chuong trinh Myerieuqudc gia giam nghdo thieu sd va mien ntii de tdng cudng, edi thipn giai dogn 2016 - 2020, ty 1? hp ngheo ca hp thing kit cdu hg tdng thiit yiu phyc vu nudc cudi ndm gidm khoang 1,3% - 1,5% san xuat, sinh hoat cua ngudi dan tren dia so vdi cudi ndm 2015 (cdn khoang 8,58% - ban, qua ngudi dan cd the tiep can tdt han 8,38%); ty Ip hp nghdo cdc huypn ngheo vdi cdc dieh vy xd hpi co ban, nhat la ve y te, giam khoang 4% (cdn khoang 46,4%), dgt giao dye, nha d, nudc sinh hogt va vp sinh, thdng tin; tgp huan, nang cao ndng lyc cho chi tieu Qudc hpi giao Tir thuc tiln trien khai Chucmg trinh can bp CO sd; day mgnh ho trp ve sinh ke, tgo Thil tudng Chinh phii da ban hanh Chi thi sd vipc lam, nang cao thu nhap va ddi sdng ciia 01 /CT-TTg " Ve viec tdng cuang chi dgo thuc ngudi ddn, timg budc thu hpp khoang cdch hifn Chuang trinh Muc tieu qudc gia gidm chenh Ipch ve mtic sdng so vdi cdc viing va ngheo ben vieng giai dogn 2016 - 2020"" ca nudc Thu ba, day manh phdn cap cho cac cap Tren co sd dd nhdm tiep tye ddy mgnh thyc hipn cac chinh sdch, giai phdp giam nghdo, dja phuong, co sd; thyc hipn giao vdn trung phan dau hoan tnrdc thdi hgn muc tieu hgn ca giai doan cho cac dja phuong vi giam ty Ip hp nghdo theo Nghi quyet Dgi cdng khai, minh bach theo cac nguyen tac, hpi XII ctia Dang dd de Ddng thdi tieu chi, djnh mtic phan bd vdn ngdn sdch lgp Ban Chi dgo thyc hipn Chuang trinh Mye trung uong va ty Ip vdn ddi ting cua ngan tieu qudc gia giam nghdo giai doan 2016 - sdch dia phuong thyc hipn Chucmg trinh 2020 Tgi cac dia phucmg va Bd Lao dpng - Mye tieu qudc gia gidm nghdo ben vung giai Thuong binh vd Xd hpi - co quan thudng dogn 2016 - 2020 dupe quy djnh tai Quyit tryc tgp trung chi dgo hudng ddn cdc dja djnh so 48/2016/QD-TTg, 31-10-2016, etia Thil tudng Chinh phii de cdc dja phuong phuong trien khai cdc giai phdp co ban: Thu nhdl day nhanh vipc hodn thien co chit dpng tru tien bd tri ngudn lyc ddu tu, che, chinh sach giam ngheo theo hudng tich giai quyet nhirng vdn de biic xiic nhdt tren hpp, thu gpn dau mdi nhdm nang cao kha CO sd cd sy tham gia, de xudt, uu tien cac ndng tiep cgn cac djch vu \a hpi ca bdn ctia nhu cdu thiet yeu ciia ngudi dan; cdc bp, ngudi dan hgn chd cdc chinh sach cap phat nganh, co quan trung uong thuc hipn vipc Sc^i 893 (thang nim 2017) 27 Quan tript va thi^c hipn Nghj quyet Dgi hpi XU ciia Dang de xuat, hoan thipn khung khudn khd phdp ly, hudng dan dia phuang td ehiic ±uc hien, kiem tra, ddnh gid, de xudt bd sung siia ddi CO che, chinh saeh giam ngheo phii hpp vdi thye tien ThO- he, md rpng va phat huy npi luc cpng ddng, dp dung co che ddc thu nit gpn ddi vdi mpt so dy an ddu tu cd quy md nhd, ky thugt khdng phuc tgp, Nhd nudc hd trp dau tu mpt phdn kinh phi, phan cdn lgi nhan dan ddng gdp, cd sy tham gia giam sat ciia nhan ddn (theo quy djnh tgi Nghj djnh so 161 /2016/ND-C P ngdy 2-12-2016, ciia Chinh phti) Thyc hipn co ehe hd trp tgo sinh ke cho hp ngheo, hp cgn nghdo, hp mdi thoat ngheo thdng qua cae dy an da dupe cde cap cd tham quyen phe duypt dya tren quy hogch san xuat, de an chuyen ddi CO cdu sdn xuat ciia dia phuang; hd trp cho hp ngheo, hp cgn nghdo, hp mdi thodt nghdo ty nguypn ddng ky tham gia cac du an thdng qua nhdm ho, cpng ddng; ngudn vdn th^rc hipn dy dn tti ngan sdch nha nudc, ngudn vdn vay Ngdn hang Chinh sach xa hpi, ngudn vdn Idng ghep thyc hipn cac chinh sdch, chuong trinh, dy dn, ngudn vdn ddi ling ciia hp gia dinh; thu hdi, ludn chuyen cpng ddng mpt phdn chi phi hd trp hodc vgt nudi (tir ngudn vdn ngdn sdch nha nudc) phit hpp vdi timg dy an va dieu kiC*n cy thi ciia timg ddi tupng dupc ho trp, nham nhdn rpng dy an cho nhiiu hp ngheo, hp can ngheo hp mdi thoat ngheo khac dupc tham gia Thir tidm, thyc hipn da dgng hda cac ngudn vdn huy dpng de triin khai tiiuc hipn Chuang trinh, bao dam huy dpng ddy dit, kjp thdi theo diing co cdu dd dupc quy djnh; tdng cudng huy dpng vdn tir ngan sach dia phuong, cac ngudn huy dpng ddng gdp hpp phap ctia doanh nghipp, tdi trp ciia cdc td 28 So 893 (thang niim 2017) chiic, ca nhan vd ngoai nudc; vdn doi ling, tham gia ddng gdp ciia ngudi dan, doi tupng thy hudng Thu sdu day mgnh tuyen truyen mgc tieu giam nghdo sau rpng den mpi cdp, mpi nganh, cac tdng ldp ddn cu va ngudi ngheo nhdm thay ddi, chuyen bien nhgn thtic giam ngheo, khai day y chi chu dpng, vuon len thoat nghdo cita ngudi dan, tiip nhgn va sir dyng cd hipu qud chinh sdch va ngudn lyc hd trp ciia Nha nudc, cpng dong de thoat ngheo, vuon len khd gid; phat dpng phong trao thi dua "Ca nudc chung tay vi ngudi ngheo - khdng de bj bd lai phia sau"; tdn vinh cac doanh nghipp, t^p the va ca nhan cd nhieu ddng gdp ve ngudn lyc, each lam hieu qud cdng tac giam nghdo ben vihig De day manh hon niia vi^c thyc hipn mye tieu giam nghdo ben vihig, Bp Lao dpng Thuong binh vd Xd hpi, Bp Thdng tin vd Truyen thdng, Hpi Nha bao Vipt Nam (H phdi hpp phat dpng cupc thi cdc tdc phdm bao chi ve cdng tdc giam ngheo giai dogn 2016 - 2020 Cupc thi nhdm phdt hipn nhiing tdm guong, dien hinh khdt vpng vuon len thoat nghdo va tir dd phd bien cac kinh nghi?m, sang kien, md hinh gidm nghdo hipu qua de phdt huy va nhan rpng; ndng cao nhgn thiic, trach nhipm ctia nhan dan, cdc cdp chinh quyen, doan the v i ^ ti chtic thyc hipn cdc chit truong, chinh sdch, chuong trinh giam nghdo Huy dpng sy tham gia cita cpng ddng, ddc bipt la ngudi nghdo, khoi dgy y thirc ty lyc vuan len thodt ngheo, tgo ddng thugn xd hpi ddi vdi cdng tac gidm ngheo, day mgnh vipc thdng tin vi chti truang, dudng ldi, chinh sdch, phdp lugt cua Nha nudc vi giam nghdo theo phong trao "Ca nudc chung tay vi ngudi ngheo Kiidng de bj bd Igi phia sau".a ... nang cao ndng lyc cho chi tieu Qudc hpi giao Tir thuc tiln trien khai Chucmg trinh can bp CO sd; day mgnh ho trp ve sinh ke, tgo Thil tudng Chinh phii da ban hanh Chi thi sd vipc lam, nang cao. .. hpc tgp va chia se kinh nghipm" Tuy nhien, nhim bao dam miic sdng tdi thieu vd khdng ngimg nang cao kha ndng tiep cgn cac djch vy xd hpi co ban ciia ngudi dan theo tinh thin Nghj quyit sd 76/2014/QHi3,... sach hd trp phit hpp vdi nhu cau, ddc tinh ciia hp ngheo, hp cgn ngh^o, qua dd tgo dieu kipn nang cao mirc sdng, cai thipn thu nhgp, timg budc thoat ngheo ben vihig vd tiep cgn tdt hon vdi cac djch