JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Social Sci., 2015, Vol 60, No 5, pp 114-121 This paper is available online at http://stdb,hnue,edu,vn DOI: 10.18173/2354-1067.2015-00042 D I S O N G KINH TE - XA H I VA VlfeC TIEP CAN MOT SO DICH VU XA HOI CUA NGU5l DAN TR&N DIA BAN THANH P H TRA VINH Biii Ngpc Ha NCS Khoa Cdng tdc Xd hdi, Hgc viin Khoa hgc Xd hgi Viet Nam Tdm tat Qua khao sat ddi sdng kinh tl - xa hpi cua ngUdi din trfin dia ban phd Tra Vinh, ddi sdng cic ho gia dinh gap nhieu khd khan, dac bifit ddi vdi cac hp la ddng bio dan tpc thilu sd Kh'mer Qui ttinh phat trien kinh le - xi hpi cua phd nhflng nam qua ben canh nhflng tUu dai dUdc, eing bdc 16 khdng it han che nhU: cd sd tang xudng cap dich vu xa hdi yiu kem Mdt s6 ndi, ngUdi din chUa dUdctilpcan vdi cac dich vu xa hdi Chinh vi viy cin cd nhflng chinh sach hdttd,chiln lUdc phat trien ddng bd tfl phia Dang va Nha nUdc ciing nhU chinh quyen dia phUdng Td khda: Dich vu xa hoi ddi song kinh te - xi hoi, ddng bao din tdc thieu sd Kh'mer, Thanh Tra Vinh Md dau Tfl trUdc tdi nay, da cd nhieu nghifin cflu va bai viet chuyen siu ve phin tim hifi'u boat dpng sinh kfi, giai phip ning cao sdng kinh tfi - xi bdi eua ngddi din tdc ttiifi'u sd ndi chung, ngfldi Khmer ndi rieng Tuy nhifin cac bai vilt da phin tich trfin nhieu phUdng dien khic nhfl: Chit Ifldng ddi sdng eua ngUdi Khmer d Ho Chi Minh qua eac giai doan khac [3]; Mpt bai vifit khic phin tich ve an sinh xa hpi va ngheo ddi ddi vdi sfl phat trifi'n, phat trien ben vflng cua ngudi Khmer Nam Bd [2]; Bfin eanh dd, rapt sd nghien cflu khic da di siu tira hifi'u va phin tieh sU vln hanh va dac diim cua hfi thdng xa hdi, lam rd hdn vl mdi quan he than tpc ttong he thong xi hpi tdc ngudi cua ngfldi Khmer [1], Trong pham vi nghien cflu nay, tie gia di sau ngliien cflu hue ttang kmh tl - xa hdi, vific tiep can dich vu edng vi eae dieu kien ve cd sd ting thiet yfiu cua ngudi Kh'mer tten dia ban thinh phd Tra Vinh Miie dich, mdt mat gdp phan vio viec dinh gii ttinh dp phat ttien cua phd vdi raat bang chung cua ea nUde, mat khac cdn la cd sd de danh gia sU binh dang gifla cie din tde, cae vung railn Diy cdn li cd sd quan ttpng, xiy dUng chinh sich dan tdc gdp phin khuyin kbieb, hd trd phat ttiln cdng ddng Tie gii sfl dung phUdng phap dilu tra bang bang bdi, phdng vin sau [4] kit hdp vdi vific sfl dung eic tai lifiu sd cip vi thfl cip thu thap tai dia phfldng Kit qua khao sit dUdc xfl li bang phan raera SPSS Ngay nh|n bai: 15/l/2015=Ngay nhSndang 01/5/2015 Lien he, Biii Ngoc Ha, e-mail; buihalin83@gmail.com Dbi song kinh le - xd hdi vd viee tiip cdn mdt sd dicb vu xd hdi ciia ngitdi ddn 2, Noi dung nghien cihi 2.1 Thong tin chung vl ddi tiTdng khao sat Do ludi: Nhdra tudi ctia ngfldi tta Idi chu yfiu tip trung vio dfi ludi lfl 31 - 45 tuoi chiera 44.5% tfl 45-60 tudi chiim 24.5%, tfl 18 - 30 chi chiera 12,7%, NhU viy da sd ngUdi khao sat nira ttong dp tudi lao ddng nen sfi thuan ldi cho vific nhin nhln, danh gii thuc ttang cac vin de hfin quan den tinh hinh kinh te xa hfii tai dia phUdng Gidi tinh: Ngudi tra ldi la nam 50.6% nfl la 49,4% ti le gidi tinh niy kha can bang dam bao tinh binh dang vl gidi, dam bao dUde linh dai difin eua ihdng tin thu thap dddc Sd lUdng nam gidi li chii hd chilm 55,6%, nfl lam chu hd 44,4% Thdnh phdn ddn tgc: Tri Vinh la radt nhflng phd thudc vflng Ddng bing sdng Cflu Long cd ngudi din tdc thifi'u sd dang sinh sdng, dd ngUdi din tdc Kher'me chilm da sd Ket qua phan tich so lieu eho thiy ngfldi Kinh chilm da sd vdi 60.1%, hd lingUdidin tpc thieu sd cbilm 39,9% (Phddng 9: 61,5%; PhUdng 8: 56,3%, Phudng 7: 40%) Trinh hgc van: Ddi vdi nhflng ngUdi khdng di hpe/rau chfl chu yfiu tip trung vao cac ngUdi cao tudi, ti lfi niy d ngddi Kinh la 1,5% va Kh'raer cao hdn vdi 4,5% Vdi ngfldi tta ldi cd trinh dp cip 1, d lfi d ngfldi Kinb la 21,5% ngddi Kh'mer ehiem 45,8% Ci trinh dd eao dang/dai hpc, ngfldi Kinh etiiem 9,6% nhdng ngUdi Kh'mer chi chilm 4,5% 2.2 Thurc t r a n g kinh te - xa hoi 2.2.1 Nghi nghiep Kit qua dieu tta, xfl Ii sfi lieu chung ta thiy budajsan/ dich vu: 115 ngudi (25.6%), lam ihufi khdng 6n dinh: 114 ngudi (25,4%), lira ndng nghiep: 61 ngfldi (13.6%), Cin bp cdng nhan vien: 36 ngfldi (8%), thd tiiii edng: 12 ngfldi (2,7%) Nghi khic: 68 hd (chiera 15,1%) - Budn bdn/dich vu: Trong tdng sd 115 ngUdi, sd ngUdi lira vific tap ttung nliifiu nhat d phudng (52.2%), phudng (34.6%) phfldng (26.2%) Nguyen nhin diy la nhflng phUdng hiu nhu difin lich dat ndng nghiep, dan sd ddng hdn nfla trfin dia ban phd ed nhilu ttung lam, ddn vi sfl nghiep day cung Ii dilu kifin thuin Ipi de' cho cae hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh phat trifi'n - Ldm thue khdng dn dinh: tap ttung nhilu nhit phfldng 4, phUdng 2, pbUdng trfin 33%, cie phfldng cdn lai tl le cung tfldng ddi cao Theo dieu tra edng vific ho phai lira thue ehu yeu' giat/ui/nhudra quan io thufi, xay, chd hang hda thue - Nghi trdng lua (ndng nghiep): Theo so khao sat, sd hd boat dpng ttong linh vUc ndng nghiep tip trung ehu yfiu vao phfldng 9, vdi ti lfi Ian tfldt nhd sau: 14,7%, 26.3%, 23,1% Trong tfldng lai khdng xa, vdi tdc dp phat trien kinh tl - xa hdi nhu hien nay, ri lfi cie hd lam ndng nghifip chac chan se cd xu hddng giam - Thd thu cdng: So hd lira nghe khdng nhilu (2,7%), cbu yiu la Iam nghe: Dan lit Ihii edng ray nghfi, det - Nghi khac chilm 15.1% (68 ngUdi) lap ttung vio ngfldi khdng ed vific Iam d'n dinh, cdng viec mang tinh chit mua vu, bip bfinh: ban ve sd, ve chai, ban rong, hoa qua, ngd, lac lupc, che, Iam mam bd hdc Cd the' thay ring, nghe nghiep cua ngfldi dan cie thu nhip thip chii yiu la cae cdng viec tao mflc thu nhip thip khdng dn dinh bip benh va raang tinh raua vu LUc lUdng lao ddng ttfin dia bin thinh phd ddng nhUng ttinh dp edn thip, Iao dpng da qua dao tao chfla 115 Biii Ngpc Hi nhieu 2.2.2 Mu'c thu nhap Thu nhip ciia bd gia dinh la mdt nhflng tifiu chi quan trpng nhit danh gia mflc sdi cua radi hd gia dinh Theo sd heu thu thap [3], mflc thu nhip cae phudng nhfl sau: Bant' Thu nhgp binh gudn dau ngiidi/thdng (Ddn vi trieu dong) Nam 2013 PI P2 P4 P5 P6 P7 P9 Chung P8 Trieu dong/nam 18.5 17.9 22 16.8 17.2 19.7 17 116.7 18.3 (Ngudn Bdo cdo tinh hinh PT KT-XH ndm 2013, phuong hudng nhiem vu 2014 ear phudng Thu nhap binh quin theo diu ngddi khu vUc khao sat li 18.2 tneu dong/nim Trong dd, phfldng 4: 22 trifiu/ngudi/nim, phudng 7: 19.7 trifiu/ngudi/nara, thap nhit la phUdng chi vdi rafle 17.5 ttifiu/ngUdi/nira Ndi ehung rafle thu nhip eua ngUdi din dia bin thinh phd chUa cao, raflc thu nhap chfla thit sU trang ttai cho sinh boat tdi thieu hang cua cac hd gia (finh Cic phudng cd mflc ihu nhip cao la cac phudng nara trung tara cua phd, cd nhieu dieu kifin dfi' phat trie'n cac boat ddng ttong linh vfle cdng ngtiifip va dich vu 2.2.3 Danh gia mu'c song cua cac ho gia dSnh Cd nhieu dinh nghia vl ddi ngheo dfldc dUa ra, luy theo tflng vung, tflng quoc gia Chuan ngheo la mdt khii nifim ddng biln ddng theo khdng gian vi thdi gian d mdi giai doan phat ttien kinh tl xa hpi Tl lfi bp ngheo tten dia khao sat ed sfl chenh lech ding kfi' gifla cac phudng ttung tim va ngoai d, Phfldng ed ti tfi hd ngheo eao nhit chilm 20,1% va hd can ngheo 5%; tiep dd la phfldng ri lfi hp ngheo 18.35% va can ngheo 3% Bdng Nhdm hg gia dinh chia theo thu nhgp Nhom ho Ngheo Can ngheo Trung binh Khi Giau Tong so MOLISA (Bo LBTBXH) So TOu CU20II-201S luong < 500.000 132 501.000-6.50.000 36 651.000-1.500.000 501.0003.000.000 >3.000.000 499 Tile 29.9 8.2 NTL tti danh gia So Tile luang 92 20.7 0 DTV danh gia So Tile lupng 17.2 76 0 212 48.1 255 57.4 245 55.4 57 12.9 81 18.2 84 19.0 37 8.4 0.9 16 3.6 100 441 100 449 100 442 (Dieu 1m kinfi le xa hoi thci i/i phd Tra Vinh 2014 N=449) Ngddc Iai phUdng la phudng cd ti Ie hd ngheo thap nhit, chi vdi 1%, hd cin ngheo la 0,5% Nguyfin nhln chu yeu, hai phUdng xa Irung tim phd ed ti lfi ngUdl Kher'me ehiem 75% - 80% dan sd, trinh dd nhintiiflccdn nhilu ban ehe chu yeu Iam ndng nghifip, san xuit manh mun, nbd le va lac hau khdng on dinh, Ti lfi hd ngheo tbeo kit qua dilu tta ttfin dia ban khao sat cd sU cbfinh Ifieh gifla tieu chi ciia Bd lao ddng thUdng binh va xa hdi tfl danh cua cac hd gia ifinh Cu thfi: - Ngudi dan tu danh gia tiieo y kien chu quan cua ngddi tra ldi: cd 92 hd (20,7%), hp trung bmh cd 255 hd (57,4%) hp kha 81 hp (18,2%) hd giau 16 hp (3.6%) Ddt song kinh te - xd hdi vd viec tiep can mgl sd dich vu xa hdi eua ngUdi dan ~ Dieu tta vifin quan sit va danh gia: Hd ngheo cd 76 hd (17,2%), ttung binh 245 hd (55.4%) kha 84 hd (19%), giau cd 37 hd (8.4%) - Chuin ngheo mdi cua Molisa: Dfla ttfin tifiu chf nay, cd 29.9% hd ngheo 8,2% hd can ngheo 48,1% can ngheo 12.9% hd kbi hd giau chiem ri lfi khdng ding ke 0,9% Xet kinh te ho gia (finh theo phan dan tdc, cd sU khac biet gifla nhdra ngddi Kinh va ngfldi dan tdc thie'u sd Kh'mer Cu the: - Hd gia ^nh ngheo: ngddi Kinh cbilm 10,9%, ttong dd ngfldi dan tde ttiieu sd chilm tile cao hdn vdi 28,7% - Hp ttung binh: ngfldi Kinh chilm 58.9*1 ttong dd ngUdi din tdc thifi'u sd chilm ti le eao hdn vdi 49.0% - Hd kha: ngudi Kinh chiem 20% ti lfi d ngddi dan tdc thifi'u sd chi chilra 17.2% - Hd giau: ngtfdi Kinb cbilm 10,2%, ti le d ngudi din tdc thie'u so chi chiem 5,1% Nhu \iy xel riieo tieu chi mdi cua MoUsa giai doan (2011 - 2015) ri lfi hp ngheo cao gin 30%, ti lfi bd ngheo d ddng bao dan tdc Kh'raer chilra ri 16 cao hdn so vdi ngddi Kinti Can cfl vao danh sach so bd dilu tta, cd ntiieu hp ngheo phat sinh so vdi danh sach hp ngheo can bd dia phUdng eung cap Day cung la mpt thdng tin kha quan ddi vdi chinb quyen dia phddng kbi thuc tuen cac boat ddng Uen quan den cdng cudc xda ddi giam ngheo 2.2.4 Nhad Bdng Loai hinh nhd dang sif dung chia theo thdnh phdn ddn tdc Loai nha Kien CO Kinh Thieu so Kh'mer Tang Bdn kien co Leu/tdn/tgm Tong So lugng 87 146 37 270 Tl le (%) 32.2 54.1 13.7 100.0 So luong 52 87 40 179 Ti le (%) 29.1 48.6 22.3 100.0 Soluong 139 233 77 449 Ti le (%) 31.0 51.9 I7.I 100.0 (Diiu tra kinh te - xd hdi thdnh phd Tru Vinh 2014, N=449) Doi vdi mdi gia dinh nha d la ndi cU ttti, la ndi sinh boat nd cang trd len quan ttpng hdn ddi vdi cac gia (£rdi ngheo khdng cd tiem nang phil trifi'n kinh tfi ttong cic khu thu nhip thip Phan tdn nhi d eua dan cfl cac phddng ttfin dia ban khao sat la nha ban kien co (51,9%) Tuy nhien, ti 16 nha tam/nha la ciing cdn khoang 17,1% 11 lfi nha tara/nhi li d phfldng cao nhat vdi 67,3%, tilp dd li phfldng vdi 15,9% Nguyen nhin, d cic phudng lip ttung kha nhifiu cac hd thu nhip thap, nghe nghifip kbdng dn dinb sdng tap trung hdn nfla day li hai phfldng ti le ngfldi dan tpc Kher'mer chifim ti lfi kbi cao PbUdng nam d vi tri trung tim cua phd chinb vi viy ti 16 sd hd dang d nha tam hau nhU khdng cd Tbong ke, cho thiy cd 32,2% sd bd ngUdi Kinh cd nhi kifin cd, ttong kbi dd ri lfi d ngUdi dan tpc thieu sd chiem 29,1% Nha tam cd 13,7% ngddi Kinh sfl dung, ttong dd cd 22.35 sd hd ngddi Kh'mer sfl dung Nhin chung ti IS sd bd la ddng bio dan tpc thie'u sd sfl dung nha tam nhilu hdn Dfi' giup cic ho gia dinh ttong cic khu thu nhip thip trfin dia bin khao sat, dac bifit li cac hd 117 Bui Ngoc Ha la ngfldi din ldc thifi'u s6 cd dieu kifin eai tao nha d Dang vi nhi nfldc eung nhU dia phUdng cin cd chinh sach flu tifin phat Irie'n ddi sdng, die biet Ii san xuit kinh doanh 2.3 Tiip can va suf dung mot so dich vu 2.3.1 Hi§n trang suf dijng nUdc sinh hoat Kit qua khio sat cho thiy, phan ldn cic hd gia dinh dflng kit hdp kha nhilu ngudn nUdc ttong nam Cu the': diing mdi ngudn nfldc 17,6% (77 bp), dung kit hdp ngudn nUdc 82,4% (361 hd), dung kit hdp ngudn nUde 2,4% (II hd), Nhln chung hin ldn ngudi din da dfldc dung nude may, nhifin, vin edn rapt ii te kha ddng ngUdi din dang dung nude giing dao hoac giing khoan thira chi cd mdt so hd cdn dung nUde kfinh/rach Bdng Hiin trgng nguon nudc cua cdc ho gia dinh Nguon nudc Nu6c may co ddng ho rieng NU6c may diing chung dong ho Nudc may cong cong Niffic gieng khoan Nudc gieng dao Nu6c kenhyrach Khac: nudc mua, nudc mua Tiii Soluong 289 64,3 18 4.0 0,7 26 5,8 14.5 65 0,2 0.7 (Bieu Ira kinh le - xd hoi ihdnh Trd Vmh 2014 N=449) Theo sd lifiu khao sat, 64,3% ngfldi tra ldi dimg nude miy ed ddng hd rieng, 4,7% dung nUde may cd ddng hd chung, 0,7% dung nddc raay cdng edng, vin edn 20,3% sd hd dang diing nUde giing khoan hoac gieng dao, ca bifit ed 01 hd dung nUdc kfinh/rach Nlu phin tieh theo mflc sdng va thu nhap ta eung thiy sfl khie bifit ldn vl ngudn nfldc dang sfl dung gifla eic hd ngheo vi khdng ngheo Trong 81.0% hd khdng ngheo dang sfl dung nddc miy rifing vao nha thl rile d hp ngheo ehi chiera 60.5% va gin 40% sd hp dang dung nUdc giing Trong khu khio sat nuderaUala nguon nudc van dfldc rapt sd hd gia dinh dang sfl dung, Nguyfin nhan diy la nguon nUdc dfldc hflng trflc tiep tren cae mai nhi Iam bang li, hoic tim tdn, sfl dung khdng dUdc Ipc, mi ehu yiu dung hinh thflc lang can Danh gii vfi chat Ifldng nUdc mfla chi cd 72% sd ngddi cho rang nudc khdng dara bio Dinh gii chit lUdng cie ngudn nUde dang sfl dung, da so eic hd chua hii long, cd rit nhifiu nguyen nhin: nUdc hi d nhiera, nudc hay bi rait vao gid eao diem, cdng suit hifin lai chfla dap flng du nhu cau, Chi cd 7% s6 hd cho rang chit Ifldng ngudn nfldc tdt, cdn 21 % s6 hp cd y kiln chit lUdng nfldc chi dat d mflc ttung binh cd the sfl dung dfldc 72% sd hd cdn Iai cho rang chat Ifldng ngudn nfldc xiu, dang anh hudng dfin sflc khde va sinh hoat hing 2.3.2 Hien trang thoat ntrdc Khi dfldc hdi ve hien trang tifiu thoat nfldc thai ciia eic hd gia dinh, cd tdi 58,1% sd hd cho rang dfi' nUdc thai tu thim/ trin dit 16,5% thoit cdng ndi ehung, ehi cd 10,6% thoit cdng ngam chung, 13.1% cdn Iai thoit ao/kfinh/rach Tmh trang tren cho thiy he thdng thoit nUdc khdng dUdc diu tu xiy ddng ddng bd cic khu din cU nUdc thai se lira nguyfin nhan giy d nhiera ngudn khdng khi, anh hudng den mdi ttUdng sdng eic hd gia dinh Day se la ndi riln i'n nguy cd bung phit eae dicb benb Tuy nhifin, xet tiieo kmh tl hd gia drab cd sfl khie bifit vl ndi thoat nfldc sinh boat Cu the: hd ngheo thoat nudc 118 Ddi song kinb li - xd hgi i-d viec tiip can mat sd dich vu xd hdi eiia ngudi ddn Bang Hien trang thodt nudc ctia cdc ho gia dinh Noi tho^t Thoat c6ng ngam chung Thoat cong noi chung Thoat kenh/'rach Tir thSm/tran diit Khac T6ng Soltrpng Ti le (%) So luong Ti 1? (%) So luong Ti le (%) Soluong Ti le (%) Soluong Ti le (%) Soluang Ti le (%) Ngheo 5.3 9.2 105 55 72 2.6 76 100 Nhdm h9 gia dinh Trung binh Kha 22 13 9.0 15.5 40 22 16.3 26.2 36 14.7 9.5 144 41 58.8 48.8 ang each td tham/ttan dit 72,4%, hd giau 45,9%, ngfldc lai hinh thflc thoat nude he thong ;6ng ngim chung chi cd 5.3% sd hd ngheo sfl dung, hd giau 21,6% Nhfl vay, bd ngheo thfldng ;d xu hudng khdng ed nhilu ed hdi sfl dung dich vu thoat nudc chung ciia tiiinh phd, hp dang sfl lung cic binh thflc giy anh hddng den mdi ttfldng sdng £.3.3 Hien trang ve sinh moi triTirng cua ho gia dinh Bdng Ttnh trgng sd hQu nhd ve sinh Nhdm h9 gia dinh Co Khong T6ng So lugng Tile(%) So lu(?ng Ti 1? (%) s6lugng Ti 16 (%) Ngheo 33 43.4 43 56.6 76 100 Trung binh 189 77.1 56 22.9 245 100 Khi 80 95.2 4.8 84 100 Gidu 36 97.3 2.7 37 100 Tdng 338 76.5 104 23.5 442 100 (Nguon: Diiu tra kinh li - xd hdi thdnh phd Trd Vinh 2014 N=449) Su khic biel ldn nhit gifla ngUdi giau va ngfldi ngheo d eac dd thi chinh la sU chenh Ifich dia xa ve thu nhap, raflc sdng, dilu kifin hoc hanh, dieu kifin tilp ein vdi cic dich vu nUdc sach, vfi linh radi trddng, kham chfla bfinb NgUdi ngheo kbdng cd nhilu cd hfii de ning eao mflc sdng, ip quan sinh boat chu yiu phu thudc vio dieu kifin tU nhifin Tfl nhflng ban chfi nay, da phin ngUdi lin ed thu nhip thap vin chua quan tim din viec xay dung nhi ve sinh dam bao Vific sd hflu cic oai hinh nha ve sinh "tieu chuan" di vi dang ttd thinh mdt nhu clu khdng the tbifiu ttong rapt xi Biii Ngpc m hdi hifin dai va vin ralnh Kit qua khao sat flnh ttang sd hflu nhi ve sinh cho Uiay, 76,5% cie hd gia dinh cd nha vfi sinh rifing Cac hd gia dinh eing ed dieu kien gia bdn viec sd hflu nha vfi sinh rifing cang chiera ti Ie cao hdn, cu the'- hd ngheo 43,4%, hd trung binh 77,1%, hd kha 80%, hd giau 97,3% Nhflng hd khdng cd nha vfi sinbrifingcbilm 23,5% Nguyfin nhan, kbdng cd dilu kifin kinh le hdn nfla difin tt'ch dat d qua hep hp thudng sfl dung chung vdi eic hd bfin canh hoac di vfi sinh d khoang dat gin nha 2.3.4 Rac thai va hifn trang thu gom, xuT li rac thai Hifin tten dia ban pbd cd 39 tuyin dUdng chinh va 124 tuyin hem, rapt sd tuyen chinh ed xe chuyfin dung thu gom, rifing 124 tuyen hem cd xe keo tay hoic dia difi'm tip kit Rae dUde thu gom va van chuyfi'n ve khu bai rac tip trung cua thi xa dddc dit tai xi Lddng Hda, huyen Chau Thanh tren difin tieh hdn 6,5 dang ttong tinb ttang qua tai Hifin nang lUc thu gom vi xfl li rac thai chua dap flng dudc nhu eau, rae thai hifin dang trd thinh vin dfi nhflc nhdi, da va dang anh hfldng den sflc khde cua radi ngudi dan Trfin dia bin khio sit ctil cd 186 hfi (42.3%) tra ldi la cd sfl dung dich vu thu gora rac thai eua to ve sinh, 254 hd (57,7%) tta tdi "khdng" Trong dd phudng va phudng ri Ie cac hp gia dinh dddc thu gora rac thai ntueu nhil lln lUdl ti 91,3% vi 98,1% Nguyen nhin, diy Ii hai phudng nara cich xa tnmg tira phd, rait dp din sd thua thdt, dan cU nara rai ric tren cac tuyen dUdng, chinh vi viy djch vu thu gom va xfl ti rac thai d day chfla cd dilu kien dfi' diu td Cd thl ndi, tinb trang rac thai vflt bfla bai, khdng dung ndi quy dinh difin pbd bifin ngfldi dan chfla cd dilu kien de tiep ein vdi eic dich vu tbu gom va xfl Ii rac thai 2.3.5 Hi^n trang giao thong Kit qua khio sit eho thiy, mang ludi dudng giao thdng cip I trfin dia bin khao sat tai thi Tri Vinh, phin Idn diu da trai rdng khap nhflng vfi mil dp va chit Ifldng dfldng cdn ril thip, chfla ddng diu chfla dip flng dUdc nhu cau phat ttien cfla dfi tbi difiu kifin hien Dudng tdt chi tip ttung vao cac true dfldng ehinh, eic tuyen qudc Id mang tinh chil dot ngoai va cic tuyen dUdng ttong cae ttung tira dd thi Mat dddng cac dia ban khao sit mdt phan di dfldc trai nhUa hoac bfi long luy nhifin van cdn rapt ti Ie Idn nhflng doan dudng dat hoac dudng rai di/sdi/gach/xi Bdng Hien trang dudng giao thong ngo/him PhUtfng Phudng Phudng Phudng Phudng Phudng Phudng Phudng Phudng Tong Rdinhua 0 4,2 66.7 21,7 8.9 31,3 21.2 21,7 Loai dUffng Dd/sdi/gach/xi Be tong 54,5 22,7 43,8 56,2 50.0 45,8 30.0 65.2 44,9 24,3 5,0 1.2 0 22,9 24,4 Dudng ddt 22,8 0 3,3 3,1 21,9 62,5 78,8 31,0 % tong I^ng so ho 4.9 3,6 6,3 13,4 5,2 37.9 17.0 U.7 100,0 22 16 24 60 23 169 80 52 446 (Dieulia kinh le Co 21.7% tta tdi eon di den nhi minh dupc rai nhua 24.4% ling bfi tdng 22,9% rii di/sdi Ddi sdng kinh ti - xd hdi vd viee tiep cdn mgt so dich vu xa hgi eiia ngUdi ddn va 31% la dudng dit Cae tuyin dfldng cd chit lUdng rit thip hiu hit la cae tuyen dfldng thudc phudng 9, phudng phfldng 7, phfldng Nbieu tuyen dUdng thudng xuyfin hi nglp iing nhU cic tuyen dudng thudc phfldng 5,7 Hau hit cac tuyen dfldng cd bfi rdng nho, 33,9% tra tdi dfldng ttong ngd nho hdn ra, 43,2% tta Idi dfldng ttong ngd rdng tfl 2-4 ra, chi ed 19,4% tta Idi dudng cd bl rpng tfl m trd len Trfin nhieu tuyen dfldng, bl mil da bat diu xudng cip mdt each trim ttpng, giy anh hUdng din viee di lai cua ngfldi din Mang lUdi dUdng giao thdng cap ttong cae khu vUc din cfl thfldng cd be rpng nhd bi tin chifim, chit tfldng Ididng eao ehu yiu la dudng dat hoac dfldng cd kit ciu mat dudng ddn gian Nhu vay chat lddng dUdng ndi chung tten dia ban phd dang xudng cip, ehua dip flng dfldc nbu ciu di Iai cua ngUdi din Kit luan Thanh phd Tra Vmh cd tiem nang cung nhd cae ngudn liic de phai trie'n kinh tl manh me vi toan dien xflng ding li rapt tbanh phd trung tam cua tinh Tuy nhifin khao sat cho thiy ddi sdng cua cac hp gia dinh cdn gap nhieu khd khin dac bifit li cie bd gia dinh la ngddi din tdc thie'u sd NgUdi dan, mong mudn dddc hfldng cac dicb xi hfii cd ban, sin sang tuin tbu nghiem tue diy du va kip thdi theo dung qu)' dinh cua quyfin dia phUdng Chinb vl viy, cin ed ehinh sich hd trd tfl phia Dang va Nha nfldc vi nhflng chinh saeh de thu hut eic dfl in diu tu irong vi ngoai nUdc dfi' gdp phin nang eao ddi sdng kmh te - xi hdi cua ngddi dan tten dia bin TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [I] Bui Thi Hdng Loan, 2014 He thong xd hdi tdc ngudi cua ngiidi Khmer d Dong Bdng Sdng Cdu Long Luan an tien si, Dai hpc Quoc gia Tp Hfi Chi Minh [2] Ngd Van Le 2012 An iinh xd bdi vd ngheo ddi ddi vdi suphdl trien, phdt Irien hin vdng ciia cat tgc ngUdi thieu so (Trudng hdp ngudi Khmer Nam Bd) Thdng tin Khoa hpc xa hdi [3] Nguyin Thi Hoai HUdng 2013 Chdi lugng sdng cua ngiidi Khmer d ihdnh phd Hd Chi Minh Hdi thao khoa boc Chit lUdng cudc sdng cfla ngUdi dan TP.HCM bdi canh kinh te hifin [4] Pham Vin Quylt Nguyin Quy Thanh 2002, Phiidng phdp nghien cdu Xd hdi hgc Nxb Dai hoe Qudc gia Hi Ndi [5] Thu tudng Chinh phu, Chi thi sd 1752/CT-TTg, 21/9/2010 Tieu chivi mdc chudn ngheo dp dung cho giai dogn 20} I•2015 [6] UBND cac phudng, 2014 Bdo cdo linh hinh phdt tridn kinh tixd hdi 2013 vd phUdng hudng, nhiem vu 2014 cua UBND thdnh cdc phudng [7] UBND phd Tra Vinh 2014 Bdo tdo tinh htnh phdt trien kinh le xd hdi 2013 vd phiidng hudng nhiem vu 2014 tiia UBND thdnh Trd Vinh ABSTRACT Social-economic life and accessing to the social services of the people m Tra Vinh city Through the socio-economic survey of people in Tra Vinh, in general, household's life is difficult, especially the Kb' mer ethnic minority The process of economic development - economic development of the city over the years, beside the achieveraents also revealed many limitations such as degraded mfraslructure, poor social services, etc In some places, people have not accessed to social services yet Therefore, it should have the support policies, synchronized developraenl strategy from the Government as weU as local authorities Keywords: Social services, and social-economic life, Khmer ethnic mmority Tra Vmh City ... khdng ding ke 0,9% Xet kinh te ho gia (finh theo phan dan tdc, cd sU khac biet gifla nhdra ngddi Kinh va ngfldi dan tdc thie'u sd Kh'mer Cu the: - Hd gia ^nh ngheo: ngddi Kinh cbilm 10,9%, ttong... Bdo cdo linh hinh phdt tridn kinh tixd hdi 2013 vd phUdng hudng, nhiem vu 2014 cua UBND thdnh cdc phudng [7] UBND phd Tra Vinh 2014 Bdo tdo tinh htnh phdt trien kinh le xd hdi 2013 vd phiidng... tiia UBND thdnh Trd Vinh ABSTRACT Social-economic life and accessing to the social services of the people m Tra Vinh city Through the socio-economic survey of people in Tra Vinh, in general, household's