TAP CHi VHDG s d 5/2014 C H U Y E N DOI SINH KE boi canh thi hoa hien a Xuan Dinh NGUYEN THI PHUONG CHAM ldn dupe xay dung trdn dja ban cac xa Xuan Dinh, Ddng Nggc (Tu Lidm), cac phudng Phu Thupng, Xuan La (Tay Hd), bat dau giai phong mat bang tii eudi nhung nam 90, dau nhiing nam 2(X)0, khdi cdng xay dung tu nam 2002, cho tdi nhieu hang muc da di vao sii dung, khai thae va nhidu hang muc khae van dang dupe xay dung Mpt phan cua khu dd thi (dac bidt la khu dan cu sdng cac biet thu va chung cu cao cap) hidn thudc su quan Ii hanh chinh cua Xuan Dinh Vi vgy, ndi den lang Xuan Dinh truyen thdng, ngudi dan ihudng ke tdi dia ban eua nam thdn (Ddng, Trung, Nhang, Ldc, Cao Dinh) ma thdi ddng Idn'^' Theo sd lieu ma UBND xa cung cap thi tinh ddn nam 2013, tdng didn tieh dat cua xa hidn (578,53ha) thi chi cd 78,56ha dit ndng nghiep, dat phi ndng nghidp la 496.53ha, dit ehua su dyng la 3.44ha Sd lieu ehinh thtic dupe edng bd la nhu vay song qua tim hidu ciia chiing tdi thi vao thdi didm thang 9/2014 dien tich dit ndng nghidp cua Xuan Dinh ehi edn khoang hon 70ha song da nam quy hogch de xay dyng trudng Dai hpc Tai chinh Trong khoang hon 70ha dat ndng nghiep ay ciJng khong cdn cd mdt chut nao dien tieh trdng liia ma chii yeu la trdng hoa mau va cac cay trdng lau nam Xuan Dinh la mdt xa ldn vdi 42.615 nhan khiu, 11.577 hp, neu tinh rieng khu vuc lang truyen thong thi cung cd tdi 32.868 khau, 9.084 hd sinh sdng trai rdng tren mot didn tich ciing kha Idn la 578,53 Dan gian d day cd cau: "Dal ke Gian, quan ke Ve" de ndi ve sy rdng rai cua dit dai lang Tuy nhien, qua trinh dd thj hda didn nhanh chong va manh me d khu vyc phia lay Ihanh phd Ha Npi da dua Xuan Dinh vao trung tam ciia khu vyc phat trien thj mdi, nhidu dy an duoc trien khai tgi lang da khidn cho dat ndng nghidp eua lang gin nhu da hdt, dat d ciJng ed nhung sy xao dpng nhal djnh Nhu vay, cd thd ndi dat ndng nghiep ciia lang da dupe chuydn gan het sang eae mue dich su dyng khae Ciing theo sd lieu eua UBND xa tinh tii nam 1997 ddn 2014 da cd tdi 46 dy an ldn nho cd thu hdi dit eua Xuan Dinh dupe tridn khai, didn tich dat ndng nghiep thu hdi cac dy an ay la 339,8 ha, sd hd thudc dien thu hdi dat ldn ddn tren 6000 hp Cac dy an ldn va thu hdi nhidu dat eiia Xuan Dinh phai ke tdi la khu dd thi Nam Thang Long (thu hdi trdn lOOha), dy an Tay Hd Tay (thu hdi tren lOOha), dy an khu Ngogi giao doan (thu hdi 60ha), Ve eo ban dat ndng nghidp cua Xuan Dinh da danh het cho vide xay dyng cac khu dd thj, eac eo quan, don vi eiia nha nudc, theo co cau hidn tai thi dit d ciia eae hd gia dinh d Xuan Dinh chi chidm khoang 90ha, dat cho cac eo sd kinh id, cac eo quan eua nha nude ehidm khoang 165ha Hiem CO lang que nao nhu Xuan Dinh cd cac khu thi, eac eo quan, tnidng dai hpc trung lam Sau hang logt cac ehinh saeh lien quan ddn vide quan Ii, quy hogch va sir dung dat thj, chuydn ddi muc dich sii dung dat, ddn bii dat ndng nghidp, phe duyet cac dy an dupe xay dung tren dja ban xa cua phd va huyen TCr Liem tii diu nhimg nam 90 trd Iai day, dat dai ciia Xuan Dinh da va dang co nhiing bien NGHIEN CLAJ - TRAO Q6\ thuong mgi, cdng vien, lang tgo ndn mau sic dd thi ro net cho lang que Su chuyen doi sinh kd o Xuan Dinh Trong qua khii, Xuan Dinh la mdt lang ndng nghi?p ven dd nang dpng san xuat ndng nghidp kdl hpp vdi cac nghe phy Theo nhieu tai li?u (da xuit ban va ehua xuit ban'") vd lich sii eua lang thi tii ihdi phong kidn Xuan Dinh da la viing dit "cao didn", "ddn didn" tiic la dit rupng cdng ciia nha nudc phong kien Sach Viet su thdng gidm cuong muc ghi nam Hdng Due thir 12 (1481) vua Ld Thanh Tdng sai cit dil d lang Xuan Tao lap ddn didn eho dan cac noi ddn khai pha, sau trd lang Xuan Tao Sd Cho den trudc Cach mgng thang Tam, Xuan Dinh ed 1502 miu Bic Bd la dit canh tac, 90% dan s6 lang lam ndng nghidp Cho ddn nhimg nam 60 (the ki XX) thdi kl Hpp tac xa, Xuan Dinh van hon 300ha dit canh tac ndng nghiep, ndng dan van chii ydu sdng bing nghd ndng, rudng dat d day van lot luoi ndn dirpc gpi la "rupng tien" hay "ngpe didn" (Lich su Cdch mgng xd Xudn Dinh - huyin Tir Liim - Hd Ngi (1926-2003), da dan, tr 14) Khdng ehi liia, ngudi dan Xuan Dinh vdi due tinh can cu lao ddng da bidt tan dyng ldi da sy mau md ciia dat dd trdng them eae logi hoa mau va rau xanh Cac loai rau mau ciia Xuan Dinh da trd ndn ndi tidng gan vdi tdn cua hai lang cd nhu ca Cao, cam Cao, bi Cao ngd ndp Cao, dau Gian va nhieu logi cay trai khae nhu vai, nhan Dac bidt hdng xidm Xuan Dinh ngpt dam, thorn ngon, eat mjn da trd dgc san dupe khip noi biet ddn Chi vai chuc nam trudc hau nhu nha nao lang cung trdng hdng xidm vdi sd lupng len ddn hang vgn cay khidn Xuan Dinh trd Ihanh mpi lang hdng xidm ngon noi tieng midn Bac va vide hai hdng dim hdng, ban hdng eung da thu hiit nhidu lao dpng va ngoai lang Tuy nhien hidn qua trinh dd thj hda hdng xidm ncri day ciing dang thu hep didn tich, ca lang hidn chi mdt vudn cay hdng xidm va vai, cdn Igi cac gia dinh thi nha nao dat rpng mdi giu din;rc mpt vai cay Ben eanh nghd ndng la can ban, ngudi dan Xuan Dinh ed nhidu nghd phu, gop phSn dam bao ve sinh ke cho dan lang Nghd ed' d lang la nghd lam lidm seo giSy Tii thd ki thii XV, sach Du dia chim Nguydn Trai (1435) da ghi nhan sy ndi tieng eiia nghd Iam giay viing Budi vdi eac ten lang Ydn Thai, Hd Khiu, Ddng Xa Sy phat then ciia nghd lam giay vung Budi da thu hiit nguoi dan tii nhidu lang san xuat cac cdng dogn lien quan den nghd cung cap eho ngudi thp viing Budi, lang Xuan Dinh eung cap liem seo giiy Nhung chide lidm seo giiy ciia Xuan Dinh da giiip ngudi thp Ydn Thai, Ho Kha'u, Ddng Xa dam nhiem mpt khau quan trong qua trinh san xuat td giay dd, la seo giiy, cdng doan can sy kheo leo va thucmg phu nir Iam Lidm dupe lam bang cat niia ngam, ehe nho nhu spi chi, mdi nan dai chung - phan (ehidu dai eua dng nua - khong diing dau mat), nan dd mde thi bdt giay khdng bam, dd phai dem hun khoi, ki thuat hun rit cdng phu, ngudi la diing miin cua iron vdi phan bo dd dot, vi chit lieu niiy chay chi cd khdi chu khong bdc ngpn lira Mdi 16 xdp ehiing 6000 nan, cii hai gia ddng hd lai dao mdt lan Ngudi ta hun lien hai ngay, luc nao thay nan vang deu la dupe Nghd lam lidm seo giiy d lang Xuan Dinh di cung vdi sy vong ciia ciia ngh6 lam giiy dd vung Budi va cho ddn ngh6 Iam Hem seo giay da gan nhu that truyen d Xuan Dinh Ngoai nghe lidm seo giay, ngudi dan Xuan Dinh edn Iam nhidu nghe phu khae nhu: del the, ddt manh, thdu tham, dan lal va ren due cdng ey phyc vy san xuit ndng nghidp va doi sdng hang Dgc biet vao nhiing nam 70, 80 cua the ki XX, nghd thdu tham phat tridn a Xuan Dinh de' xuil kha'u sang thi trudng Lien Xd va Ddng Au, nhidu gia dinh Xuan Dinh i ' , , ' ' ' ' * ' ' i i i i ; TAP CHi VHDG S6 5/2014 luc trd xudng thdu Cung irong thdi ki nay, nhidu gia dinh lang Xuan Dinh ciing sam may khau de may gia cdng hang xual khau di Lien Xd va E)dng Au Cac cdng viec dupe ngudi dan lang lam vao nhung Iiic ndng nhan song da co lue ehiem vi tri la ngudn thu nhap quan trpng cho cac hp gia dinh Cho den cudi nhung nam 80 cung vdi sy syp do' ciia Lidn Xd va Ddng Au, thi trudng xuat khau khdng edn, nhiing nghe eung nhanh chong mat di co cau nghe phu cua lang Mpt nghe truyen thdng rit nd'i tidng khae cua lang la nghe lam banh mut k?o Nghd xuat hidn d lang tir nao khdng edn nhd chinh xac song nhieu ngudi dan ehia se ring nghd da cd d lang ti> hon 100 nam nay, cy Ung (82 luo'i, thdn Dong)"*' cho bidt: "khdng rd tu nam nao nhung liic tdi nho da dupe an mut keo ma cac cu bao la cua lang minh Iam, chie la tii thdi Phap da cd nhung Iuc diu ehi it nha lam thdi, phyc vy quanh quanh gia dinh va lang xdm thdi, sau mdi phat tridn the" Thap ki 90 ciia thd ki XX la thdi ki phat trid'n eiia nghd lam banh miii k?o d lang vdi vai tram hp lam nghd tryc lidp va gian tidp (nhu lam vd hop, ddng gdi san phim, giao hang, ) Cac hp lam nghd lang ciing cd sy phan edng lao dpng eac cdng dogn, cd nha chuyen lain bdt, cd nha ehuyen Iam vo banh, San pham ndi tidng eija lang la banh trung thu va cac logi miit k?o phue vy cac djp Id tdt Nghe vao thdi ki phai dgt da co ddng gdp khdng nho vao biic tranh kinh Id cua lang song hien nay, nhu cau banh miit k?o tren thj irudng khdng cdn nhidu eung vdi mdt sd van dd nhu vd sinh an toan ihyc pham, sycgnh tranh cang Idn vdi cac logi banh mut keo khae nude va nudc ngoai, da khidn eho nghd thu h^p nhidu d Xuan Dinh Ben cgnh cac nghe phy la cac nghd thii cdng ma chiing tdi da nhac tdi d trdn Ngudi dan Xuan Dinh nhiing lue ndng nhan, ndu khdng tham gia tryc tiep vao cac nghe phu d lang thi hp ngoai lam Ihp nhu Ihp nd, thp mpe, thp may, lam vang ma thud eho lang Yen Hda hay lam thud eho cac eua hang banh keo d Hang Dudng, Hang Ngang, Nhu vgy, qua khii, trdn ndn tang la ndng nghidp, ngudi dan Xuan Dinh cd nhidu nghd phu di theo tung giai dogn phat tridn cua lang de cai thien ddi sdng kinh td Cd thd ndi CO cau kinh td cua lang la hdn hpp theo xu hudng trpng ndng*", tiic la vln lay ndng nghidp Iam ehinh song ben canh ndng nghidp cd them mdt sd nghd phy Hidn bdi canh dd thj hda d lang, dat ndng nghiep thu hep nhanh chdng, ngudi dan khdng cdn trdng liia nira, co eiu kinh td cua lang da va dang ed nhiing bude chuydn bien mgnh me, co cau kinh td hdn hpp theo xu hudng trpng ndng truyen thdng dang din ehuyen sang co cau kinh td lang hdn hpp theo xu hudng trpng thuong Ngudi dan lang sau Ihyc hidn viec thu hdi d i t da ed nhiing sy tinh loan dd' ehuydn dd'i sinh kd va didu dd dan den sy hinh ihanh cac phuong thiic sinh kd mdi hoae phat trid'n sinh kd truydn thdng trdn co sd phu hpp hon vdi nhu eau duong dgi Cho thue nhd trg Day la mdt nghd mdi d lang, nghe chi mdi xuat hidn tii khoang nam 2000 hai nguyen nhan eo ban Thii nhat la, sau nhidu hp gia dinh lang nhgn lien den bii dat ndng nghiep tii vide trien khai cac dy an tren dat ciia lang tu cudi nhung nam 90, anh Dong (50 ludi, thdn Nhang) cho biet: "nhiing nha dau tien xay nha trp cho Ihue d lang la vao nam 2000, sau dd nha np Iheo nha ma nhidu thd nay, nha toi eung thd", bae Truong (68 ludi) chii mpt nha trp d thdn Lpc chia se ve nguyen nhan eho thud nha trp ciia gia dinh minh tii nam 2002: "tiie dd nhgn tien den bii dat, ed biet lam gi dau, sua sang Igi nha ciia cho khang trang thdi nhung eiing lo la het dat rdi, khdng trdng eay niia thi bidt lam gi, luc dd NGHIENCUU-TRAO Odj cdng nhan den day lam thud yong eac edng trinh xay dyng nhidu, ngudi ddn lam banh thud cung ddng, sinh vien cac trudng dgi hpc quanh day ciing co, ngudi di lam cae co quan trdn dia ban xa cung cd nhu cau thud nha de d Igi nhidu, d trua rdi d ludn, the la nha tdi ban thdi d hep hep Igi de' cho thud kidm tidn chii bidl trdng vao dau" Thu hai la thdi ki "sdt dit" til khoang nam 2000 cho tdi 2009, ngudi dan tir nhidu noi dd xd vd Xuan Dinh mua dit, dan lang vdn cd dat thd cu rdng da ban bdt di vi gia rit eao, theo Idi mdt can bd xa thi giai doan sdt dat dd cung phai ed tdi 1/3 sd hd lang ban dat, lu thdi didm nam 1999-2000giadit lang tridu ddng/ met cho ddn thdi didm nhiing nam 2008, 2009 ldn tdi 35 - 40 tridu ddng/met d nhung vi yi d?p cd tdi 80, 90 tridu ddng/met, ngudi dan Xuan Dinh cd lidn ban dat dau tu vao xay nha ciia khang trang, rpng rai, d mdt phan va mdt phan cho thud Theo Lanh dgo xa cho bidt thi vao thdi ki cao didm cd tdi 1/3 sd ho lang cho thud nha trp khidn cho cong vide trd mdl nghd mdi va phd bidn d lang hidn Theo sd lieu thdng ke mdi nhat nam 2014 ciia xa thi hidn Xuan Dinh cd 670 hp cho thue nha trp, Xuan Tao cd 110 hd, tdng so la 780 hp dang co nha cho Ihue, nhidn theo chiing tdi lim hidu thi sd thyc Id cd the' thay dd'i theo tung thdi didm va ed the cao hon kha nhieu vi cd nhidu gia dinh cho thud trp song mdt thdi gian sau mdi dang kl chinh thtic hoac khdng dang ki Cae gia dinh cho thud nha trp hidn ddu cd sy dau tu ldi vao hinh thuc dich vu nen sd lupng cac phdng trp cho Ihud la kha nhidu, cd gia dinh cd ldi vai chyc phdng cho thud Ridng thdn Trung, vao thdi die'm nam 2010 2012 da cd khoang 2000 phdng trp cho thud, thdn Cao Dinh "phai tdi 80% cac nha cd eho thud trp" (dng Nguyen Cdng Nhanh, 78 tud'i, thdn Cao Dinh) Di tren dudng lang hay eae ngd ngach Irong lang, ehung tdi nhin thiy nhieu bidn quang eao cho thud nha trp d trudc cdng cac hd gia dinh, didu dd cho thiy sy sdi noi va phd bidn ciia nghd d lang Nha trp d Xuan Dinh cd nhidu dgng khae tiiy theo dieu ki^n dau tu ciia tiing gia dinh, cd nha danh han mdt phan dat xay nha cho thud ben cgnh nha d, phong cho thud xay theo kidu can hp khep kin, cd nha xay nha a cao ting dd' danh mpt sd phdng cho thue, co nha xay ca day phong cip cho thud, Theo nhieu ngudi dan d Xuan Dinh cho bidt, djch vy nha Up phat tridn nhidu nhat d lang tii nam 2004 ddn 2010 vi dd eac dy an thu hdi dat vdi gia den bu cao, ngudi dan dupe nhidu ti£n hon giai doan dau'**' ndn dau tu dupe nhieu hon vao vide xay nha cho thud Gia the phong trp d Xuan Dinh dao dgng theo chat lupng nha, miie dp rieng biel, vj tri va cac djch vy di kem Cac phdng trp khep kin (dgng chung cu mini) la cd gia eao nhit, - lri?u/phdng/thang, cae phdng khdng khep kin khoang 1-1,5 tri?u, cac gian nha cip chat lupng se cd gia thap hon Da sd cac gia dinh cho thud nha trp ddu cd nhieu phong, so lupng nha cd tii -10 phong cho thud kha pho" bidn tao ngudn thu nhgp luong ddi on djnh cho dan lang Vide cho thud phdng trp d Xuan Dinh diK/c xem la cdng vi?c ciia tiing hp gia dinh ndn cac hd ty diing kinh doanh mpt each kha tu Tu nam 2010, chinh quydn xa mdi bat diu thdng kd va din dua eae hp gia dinh c6 nha trp cho thud vao danh sach phai npp thud Nhiing ngudi thud phong trp d Xuan Dinh cung rat da dgng, hp ed ihd la cac gia dinh tre ehua ed didu kidn ed nha ridng, cac can b6 lam vide d eac co quan va gin lang, sinh vidn cae irudng dgi hpe iren dja ban Tu Liem, nhiing ngudi lam thud d khu vyc Xuan Dinh va xung quanh theo mua hogc theo nam, d^c bidt la CO kha nhieu ngudi nudc ngoai lam viee o cac cong li, cac dy an d Xuan Dinh ho?c khu vyc lan can thud nha d Xuan Dinh Dieu tgo them sy da dgng ve phan dan cu cho lang TAP CHi VHDG S 5/2014 Cdc hoqt ddng dieh vu TCr dan lang khdng cdn lam ndng nghi?p niia thi eae hogt ddng dich vu dien sdi ndi va rat da dang, cac hd gia dinh ddu cd ging tim kidm mdt nganh nghd kinh doanh, djeh vy nao dd dd dam bao kinh td gia dinh Cac nganh nghe kinh doanh dd ed the dupe thuc hidn hogc ngoai lang Kinh doanh nha trp ciing la mpi hinh thiic dich vu song chiing ldi da trinh bay ridng tinh ehii ph^ bidn va ndi bgt cua nd biic tranh kinh td lang hien nay, irong mue chung tdi se ban ddn cae hinh thiic djch vu khae ciing gdp phan khdng nhd tgo biic tranh da dang ve sinh kd cua lang Xuan Dinh hidn Khdng phai tdi thdi die'm nhirng nam 90 trd Igi day, qua trinh dd thi hda didn eang mgnh me d lang thi cae logi hinh kinh doanh, djch vu mdi xuat hien d lang song cac logi hinh gia tang nhanh chdng va thyc sy da dgng, sdi ndi tu dan lang khdng san xuat ndng nghidp niia va dan lang ed dupe tien den bii dat Siic ep vd v i ^ phai chuydn ddi sinh kd da khidn eho ngudi dan gia tang hoac md rdng cac boat ddng kinh doanh va ngoai lang Theo sd lieu ciia Dang iiy xa Xuan Dinh Ihi nam 2005, trdn dja ban xa cd 480 hd la co sd san xuat va kinh doanh ihuong mgi, den thang 12 nam 2009 co 1.430 hd kinh doanh'" Hien nay, edng vide kinh doanh ehung ed giam siit, cae hd gia dinh cd nhidu lya chpn nganh nghd hon, nhidu hd di lam d ben ngoai va eung nhieu hd gia dinh chuydn sang Iam edng chuc nhidu ndn den nam 2014, cac hp kinh doanh la 1.270 hd Cac nganh nghe kinh doanh cae hp la: nganh nghe lidn quan ddn san xuat va an udng chidm 9,9% long so hp dang ki kinh doanh, cac nganh nghd thuong nghidp ehidm 54,4%, djeh vu va van tai chidm 32,7%, eae dich vy khae (nhu kham chiia bdnh ching hgn) chidm 3%"** Cac hp kinh doanh chu ydu bam theo cac mat dudng lang, mat cac ngd ldn song cung ed kinh doanh ndi bd eae khu dan eu Hau nhu dich vy nao ciing cd lang, tu cac hang an udng, quan caphd den hat karaoke, quan Internet, tro choi, lu kinh doanh cae dd dien tu, gia dung, may mac ddn kinh doanh cae nhgc eu, tranh anh, tii cae van phdng tu vin bit ddng san eho ddn eac phdng kham chira bdnh, cac djch vu lam dep, Ndu nhu irudc day ca lang chl cd chp Cao hpp theo phidn (nam ngay/ phidn) thi lang cd bdn chp chinh (chp thon Ddng, ehp thdn Trung, chp dau mdi va chp Tan Xuan) md ca va sudt eac ngay, ngoai cd nhidu chp nho, chp tgm d cae thdn va bam theo eac mat dudng Vdi mang ludi day eae chp nhu vgy, ngudi dan lang da nhanh ehdng phat trien eac hinh thiic budn ban nhd chp va dd ciing la sinh ke mdi cho nhieu ngudi dan Xuan Dinh hidn Khae vdi sy rd rang cua thu nhap tir eho thue nha trp, thu nhap tii cae hogt dpng djeh vu tucmg doi la linh boat va thude vao liing hinh thuc kinh doanh, mat hang kinh doanh ndn eung khd tinh toan dupe eu the' song qua phong van mdt so hd kinh doanh chung tdi dupe biet thu nhap lu cae nghe thudng la khoan thu nhgp ehinh gia dinh: "edng vide kinh doanh dgo cung kem hon so vdi 4, nam irude nhung van phai lam thdi, eung dii cac chau an hpc" (chi Lien, kinh doanh dd didn thdn Ddng), "budn ban thi cung phai du an thi mdi Iam ehu, cd liie liic kia, nhin chung la ea nha cOng chi trdng vao ciia hang nay" (anh Thuc, kinh doanh quan ao nii, thdn Ddng) Sd lupng cac hd cung nhu cae nganh nghe kinh doanh dich vy nhu vay da chiing to day la phucmg thuc sinh ke quan trpng ciia ngudi dan Xuan Dinh hidn Ldm bdnh miit keo Nhu chung toi da trinh bay d tren, nghd lam banh miit keo d Xuan Dinh cd ihe coi la mpt nghd truydn flidng, phai trie'n nhit vao thgp ki 90 cua Ihd ki XX song nghd da thu hep Igi nhieu tudau nhiing nam 2000 nhidu nguyen nhan nhir hidn nhu cau banh mut keo trdn NGHIEN CUU - TRAO ExSl thi trudng giam bin, ngudi tidu diing lo nggi vd vd sinh an toan Ihyc phim ciing vdi sy kidm tra cung nhu ydu ciu git gao vd vin dd lii phia nha nudc cung khidn cho nhieu co sd san xuit lang khdng dap iing dupe nen phai bd nghd; qua irinh dd thj hda va gia tang dan sd nhanh chdng d Xuan Dinh hidn nay, cac hd gia dinh ban bdt hogc chia nho dien tich cho cai ndn khdng edn dam bao mgt bing san xuat nghe; san pham ciia lang nghd Xuan Dinh la san pham Ihu cdng, miu ma, chiing logi khdng phong phii, dep mit, hap din nhu nhidu logi banh miit keo ciia eac cong ti san xuil cdng nghidp ndn siic lidu thy chgm; hinh thuc san xuat chu ydu theo md hinh gia dinh vdi quy md nho Ie ndn khd cd dupe quy trinh san xuat khep kin hay md rdng, Iidn ket san xuat; hidn tupng lam nhai, Iam rdm cac san phim banh miit k?o ciia Xuan Dinh ciia cac CO sd tu nhan khdng rd ngudn gde rd rang eung da gdp phin lam cho thuang hieu banh mut keo Xuan Dinh bi anh hudng va ngudi lam nghd trd ndn khd khan hon khidn hp khdng mgn ma vdi nghd niia Mac du nhieu kho khan nhu vay nhung eho den nay, nghd yln tdn tgi d Xuan Dinh va cac cdng vide lidn quan den nghd van tao nhidu cdng an vide lam eho dan lang va day vin la mot phuong thiic sinh ke dang kd eho nhidu hd gia dinh lang Ndu tinh sd lupng hp chinh thiic cdn Iam nghd thi hidn lgi ca Xuan Dinh chi cdn khoang 30 hp la van tri nghd lgi lang song tren thyc td sd lao ddng lang lien quan ddn nghd kha ddng Mgt sd hd lang khdng tryc tiep san xuat banh miit keo nhung Igi chuydn lam nguydn lieu ban cho cac nha hay cac cdng ti chuyen san xuat banh miit k ^ hogc ngoai lang, mdt sd hd lgi chuyen Iam bao gdi va hop dyng cac loai banh miit keo nhidu ngudi dan Xuan Dinh cii ddn mua lam banh trung thu va mua lam banh mut keo Tel Nguydn dan la lai di lain thud cho cac cdng ti ldn nhu: Hihj Nghi, Kinh Dd, Banh mut keo Ha Ndi, va ca nhung CO sd tu nhan Iam banh miit keo gia truyen cr Ha Npi nhu Hang Dudng, Hang Than Anh Thieu d thdn Lpc cho bidt: "Mua UTing thu tdi tap hpp anh em, eon ehau, hon 100 lam thud eho edng ti, lam the cho lanh chii minh t\r d nha minh diing lam, tidn cd dupe hon nhung bip benh lim, Io ban lam" Ngay ca vdi khoang 30 hd van tri ngh6 lang eung da ed sy thay ddi phuong thuc san xuit va kinh doanh, vi nhu: khdng san xuit hang loat, ty phat ma san xuat theo don dat hang, nang cao chit lupng san phim, md rpng cac hinh thiic quang cao, lidp thi, dyng cae gian ban hang lang kdt hpp vdi cac sinh boat van hda van nghd (nhu viec ma phd nghd dip Trung thu 2014 d Xuan Tao), Nhu vgy nghd lam banh keo truydn thdng ciia lang, du da thu hep nhung van dupe tri va da cd sy thay ddi theo hudng Iinh hogt hon va cung phu hpp hon vdi dieu kidn mdi ciia dan lang Hinh thurc eii song phuong thiic Iam an mdi da khidn eho nghd truyen thdng Iam banh miit keo eiia dan lang, trdn thyc te van dang gin bd vdi mdt bd phan dan lang va ddng gdp khdng nho vao sinh ke eiia dan lang Ngoai cac hinh thuc sinh ke ehinh kd tren, ngudi dan lang ciing da rat linh dpng, bat nhjp vdi didu ki?n xa hdi mdi va tham gia vao cac hinh thiic sinh kd mdi Do cd nhidu khu dd thj d va gin lang (nhu khu dd thi Nam Thang Long, khu Ngogi giao doan, ), lang cd nhieu gia dinh lam nghd kinh doanh budn ban ndn da phat sinh nhu cau kha ldn vd ngudi giiip viec, ca giup vi?c gia dinh, giiip vide budn ban va giiip vi?c lao ddng {nhu Iao cdng, lam vudn, cham sdc cay eanh, ), mdt sd dan lang da dap iing dupe phan nao nhu cau eang cao cua edng vide nay, theo hp: "thu nhap cua nhirng ngudi lam nghe giiip viee khdng cao nhung d'n dinh" (chj Tinh, 53 tud'i thdn Cao Dinh, giiip vide gia dinh khu dd thj Nam Thang Long), "vai tri?u mpt thang, com nudi, cung dupe thdi nhung khdng Iam thi bidt lam gi TAP CHi VHDG S d 5/2014 CO rupng dau" (chi Trudng 48 tudi, thdn Ddng, giup vide ban hang) Ben cgnh nghd giiip vide, nhidu ngudi lang cdn Iam nghd mdi gidi bat ddng san ty do, xe dm, Iai taxi, bao vd, thp mdc, thp nd, Thdi gian gan day, mpt sd dan lang Ihay dit ndng nghidp da quy hogch Irong lang cdn chd cac dy an tridn khai ndn da tranh thii trdng dao, trdng hoa, trdng rau, nudi ca, co nha thu nhgp hang tram trieu mdi nam, dii biet la khdng the mupn dat da quy hogch nhu thd lau dai song ngudi dan vln tranh thii tdi da cac didu kidn ed ihd dd' gia lang vide Iam va thu nhgp Cd mot didu dang luu y ndi vd sinh ke ciia lang la ed mdt bd phgn khdng nhd dan lang ed ngudn thu nhap tii luong nha nude Trong lang hien cd rat nhidu can bd huu ("mdi thang luong huu dupe phat lang tdi ldi ea ti ddng ay chii" - bac Dd Khae Binh, 68 tuoi, can bp huu thdn Nhang), nhiing ngudi da tiing phue vu quan dpi dupe hudng ehe dp va nhidu ngudi irong lang dang la can bp edng nhan vidn chiic cae eo quan nha nudc Nhiing ddi tupng dupe hudng Iuong nha nudc cd the" van tham gia vao eae hogt dpng sinh kd kd tren ciia lang song sy tham gia ciia hp nhidu eh? la phu giiip them cho gia dinh, edn hp van sdng ehu ydu bang sd tidn lucmg nha nudc ciia minh TTieo chia se ciia nhidu ngudi dan lang thi hidn hp thich ngudn thu nhap tii luong hon vi "luong nha nudc nd dn djnh, lau diii chii lam ngoai, kinh doanh buon ban cung bap bdnh la'm, khdng di Iam nha nude dupe thi phai chju thdi" (anh Tinh - chj Thu cua hang quan ao chp thdn E>dng) Chinh vi thd ndn nhidu ngudi dan lang hidn mudn dau tu xin vide lam nha nudc cho eon cai de "cho dn dinh" Tit ca eae nghd, eac ngudn thu nhgp ke trdn ciia ngudi dan Xuan Dinh da tgo ndn biic tranh sinh kd da dgng d lang Sy da dgng iy bdi canh thj hda hidn ciing dat nhihig ban luan ve sy tac ddng cua nd ldi ddi sdng ciia ngudi dan ve tinh chii ddng hay thy dpng eiia ngudi dan qua trinh da dgng hda sinh kd vd vide nhin nhgn Iai khai nidm ciing nhu co cau ciia lang ma chiing tdi se dd cgp tdi dudi day M9t sd ban luan Sir linh hogt ciia tidn ldng Bdi canh dd thi hda didn mgnh me d Ha Ndi ndi ehung va khu vyc Tu Lidm ndi ridng da dua mdt lang ven nhu Xuan Dinh trd phudng ndi dd, sy thay ddi dd da keo theo sy thay ddi ro ret cua sinh kd Ngirdi ndng dan Xuan Dinh khdng edn san xuat ndng nghidp niia, dit dai ciia hp ciing thu hep dan khidn eho hp khdng khoi bd ngd chuyen ddi song vdi sy nhanh nhgy ciia ngudi dan khu vye ven lii hon mudi thd ki trude (tinh tii lap kinh dd Thang Long nam lOIO), dan lang da nhanh chdng thich nghi vdi bdi canh mdi va tim cho minh nhiing hinh thiie sinh ke mdi hoac chuydn ddi hinh thue sinh kd cu cho phu hpp Hp da khdng thy ddng, trdng chd vao eae hinh thiic trp giup eiia nha nudc hay cac doanh nghidp ddn bu dat ma da ehu ddng tao da dgng cac hinh thiic sinh kd eho minh, vi nhu vide eho thud nha trp la dan chiing ty phat lam rdi hpc ma Ian tda ca lang, nghd da djnh hinh va kha bidn d lang thi chinh quyen mdi ed co ehd dua vao quan li va nop thud Cac boat ddng Ihuong nghidp dich vu cung vay, dan lang ty nhin nhau, theo va nuong theo nhu cau cua xa hdi ma phat trien Cd thd ndi, nhirng ngudi dan lang Xuan Dinh sau khdng cdn dat ndng nghidp da khdng trd "ngn nhan" hay bj "ngoai Id hda" qua trinh dd thi hda ma trai lgi hp nang ddng, linh boat, chii ddng va ly quydt chuydn ddi sinh kd tao sy dn dinh cho ddi sdng gia dinh eung nhu cdng ddng lang Tdc dgng cua chuyen doi sinh ke den ddi song ciia ngu&i ddn Sy chuyen ddi sinh ki- da keo theo nhieu sy thay ddi ddi sdng ciia ngudi dan, cd NGHIEN CUU - TRAO D | nhung sy thay ddi theo budng tao thdi co mdi, van hdi mdi song eung cd nhiing sy thay dd'i tgo nhiing h? !yy khdng mong mudn cho dan lang hanh, ), su md rdng giao luu vd hgi nhdp nhanh chdng vdi dd thf thu dd vdn minh hi^n dqi (thd hidn o nep sdng thdi quen sinh hogt, tieu dung, suy nghT, ) Quan sal quang canh lang hidn ciing da ed thd thiy ro sy "thay da ddi thjt" cua lang, hau nhu khdng edn nha tranh, nha lgm ma hau hdt la nha eao ting, nha kidn co rpng rai va mdi me Dan lang cho bidt la cae nha dan hau nhu dupe xay mdi tir cudi nhiing nam 90 eho ddn qua trinh dd thj hda dien sdi ndi d lang He Ihdng dudng lang, ngo - xdm da dupe bd tdng hda loan didn, eo sd lang day du va khang trang, cac logi hinh djeh vy da dgng, didu dd chung td qua trinh dd thj hda da mang tdi nhidu co hdi cho ngudi dan, theo hp thi "Xuan Dinh dz ed sy lang trudng kinh td rit nhanh tii eudi nhiing nam 90 trd lai day" (dng Duong Van Tha, 65 tud'i, thdn Ldc) Nhidu ngudi gia lang chia se vdi chiing tdi ring tii khoang nam 2000 trd lai day, Xuan Dinh da "Ipt xac", theo hp thi "ndu lam ndng nghidp nhu trudc thi ngudi dan ehi mong dii an du m l c lay dau nha cao cua rpng, xe chay veo, cai hpc hanh tdi noi tdi ehdn nhu gid" (Ong Ngd Danh Xuan, 72 tudi, thdn Trung) Tuy nhidn, sy chuydn ddi ve sinh ke theo hudng da dang nhu hidn cung da tgo khdng it nhung vin dd phuc tgp cho dan lang Trudc hdt la gia tang sy phuc lgp cho phin dan cu lang dich vu cho thud nha trp va cac boat ddng thuong mgi phai trie'n nhanh lang keo theo sd dan nhgp cu lang cang nhieu, theo dng trudng thdn Trung thi thdn hidn cd khoang 1/3 la dan nhgp cu, dng trudng thdn Cao Dinh eiing cho bidl la thdn cd khoang 700 hp (chiem 38%) la dan nhgp cu Nhiing ngudi dan nhgp cu tgo sy chat chpi hon cho lang, sy qua tai ve giao thdng (tie dudng lang vao eac gid cao didm thudng xuydn xay ra), khd khan cho edng tae quan li eung nhu an ninh trat ty, kho khan vide tri ndp sdng, phong tyc tap quan truydn thdng eua lang, Cac hinh thuc sinh kd mdi cilng da khidn cho nhidu ngudi dan lang giau ldn nhanh chdng nhung didu dd cung di kem vdi nhidu nhihig sy rui ro, nhieu ngudi iham gia vao vi^c moi gidi budn ban dit, hp khdng thyc sy co hidu bidl vd vide kinh doanh dd ndn thit bgi, khdng it gia dinh lang ban hdt dit dd an choi, nhidu ngudi khae tCr ehd ddi an trd nhimg dng ehii song khdng bidt each quan li, an ehoi rdi vd np, sa vao eae l? ngn, gia dinh tan nat, Vide da dgng hda cac hinh thuc sinh kd, Uong dd nghd cho thud nha trp va eac hogl dpng thucmg mgi djch vu da mang ddn cho ngudi dan ngudn thu nhgp dn djnh va cao hon nhieu Ian lam ndng nghiep Cd ngudn thu ay, hp tidp tue diu tu vao xay nha cua, budn ban, lam nghd, hpc hanh, ) Da dgng eae hinh thuc sinh kd theo hudng thuong mgi djch vu eung mang ddn cho Xuan Dinh su gia tdng gid tri cua ddt (gia dit tang eao, cd chd dep, tien budn ban hidn cd gia tdi mol tram tridu ddng mdt met), sumo r^ng khdng gian (khdng gian sdng, khdng gian kdt ndi cdng dong yong va ngoai lang va ca khdng gian bieu tupng ciia cac di tich cdng trinh kidn triie), su gia tdng muc sd'ng (sii dung dd diing hidn dgi, xay dung nha cira khang irang, dau tu nhidu cho cai hpc Cf Xuan Dinh hien nay, mae du da dgng ve sinh kd, ngudi dan nhanh nhgy chuyd'n ddi va chu dpng vdi nhiing thdi co dd' phat irid'n sinh ke truyen thdng cung nhu tgo dyng sinh kd mdi song cae eac hinh thiie sinh ke lidn quan ddn vide budn ban va djch vy dudng nhu vin ehua dli tao sinh kd bdn vimg eho dan lang Vi?c kinh doanh cang trd nen khd khan hon, nghe cho thue nha trp da rit phat dgt a lang thi hai nam cung da khd khan hon, sd ngudi thud giam, lidn thud cung giam TAP CHl VHDG S d 5/2014 nhidu nha khdng kin khach thud eac phdng, cac nghd thuong mgi dich vy lang ciing lam an cham hem nhu ciu tidu dung chung giam Dan lang rat lo lang vi ndu eae hinh thiie sinh kd hien tai cua hp gap van dd thi hp "khdng bidt trdng vao dau, dat san xuat hdt rdi" (cu Cdng, 78 tud'i, thdn Cao Dinh) Trong bdi canh nhpn nhjp cua vide Iam an budn ban djch vy d lang, nhidu ngudi giau ldn nhanh chdng vdi thdi quen tidu diing xa xi nhung eiing nhidu ngudi roi vao canh ngheo ddi khdng thd theo kjp miic sdng bien d lang va lai khdng thd cd cai gi "ty cung ty cap" dupe, didu dd tgo sy phan tang xa hpi cang rd ret lang va day eung la mpt thaeh thue khdng nhd cho sy dn djnh va phat tridn cua lang Suthay doi cdch nhin nhan ve ldng Lang tam thiic truydn thdng gin vdi ndng nghidp, ndng dan, gin vdi sy khep kin, yen binh va sy rang bude chat che cua Id lang, eua ddng hp cung nhirng phong luc tap quan lau ddi, nhiing ngudi ndng dan lang chat phac, hien lanh ea ddi quen vdi vide ddng ang, Nhin tii he quy chidu truydn thdng dd, cac lang ven do, noi didn qua trinh thj hoa nhanh hidn gin vdi qua trinh dd thj hda nhanh chdng dupe xem la da pha vd cac cau triic lang truydn thdng, ed sy hdn ddn ciia nhiing thay ddi, cd sy phuc tgp cua nhidu ydu td dan xen, va khdng it ngudi cho rang nhiing dgng lang da dd thi hda nhanh khdng la lang nira, "lang khdng lang, phd khdng phd", ngudi ndng dan khdng cdn rudng da khdng la ndng dan dich thyc niia'^' Vdi lang Xuan Dinh hidn nay, ngudi dan khdng cdn Iam ndng nghiep nira, cac boat dpng thuong mgi, dich vu phd bidn lang da khien eho lang cd gidng nhu mdt khu dd Ihj budn ban sam uat - nhat la dpe theo cac dudng chinh lang va can kd lang, nha d ciia dan lang cung khang trang, dep de bam theo cac dudng da dupe be tdng hda lang va ea nhimg eon dudng ldn lidp giap vdi lang Tai ca tao ndn quang eanh "phd lang" dge tnmg eua kidu lang dd thi Tuy vgy, lang Xuan Dinh Igi van giii dupe canh quan lang truydn thdng vdi cay da, gieng nudc, vdi cac di lieh ndi tieng nhu dinh, den, ehua, midu, phu, van c6 dupe sy cd kdl chat che ciia cac ddng hp, eua edng ddng, sy nghiem tiie va kinh can thyc hanh cac hinh thiic lin ngudng truyen thdng, Dii lang khdng cdn Iam ndng nghidp song nhjp di^u miia vy van hidn biiu va chi phdi cac hogt ddng cdng ddng; dii lang da ed tdi khoang 1/3 sd dan la lii noi khae den lang song eae phong tye tap quan truydn thdng, cac hinh thiic kdt ndi mgng ludi xa hdi truyen thdng lang vd co ban van dupe thyc hanh; dii lang da chuydn ddi sinh kd song mpt sd hinh thuc sinh kd truyen thdng vln dupe tri; dil dan lang da phan ddng lam nghd lien quan den Ihuong mgi djch vy song hp van la nhung ngudi ndng dan sdng nang vd tinh lang nghia xdm hp ngoai lang, Cd the ndi, eiu true lang nhu lang Xuan Dinh hien rat linh hogt, chiia dyng dd ca cau triic truydn thdng va cau true duong dai ma khdng cau triic nao pha vd cSu triic nao, lang cd thd viia md rpng vd bien gidi theo nhiing sy kdt ndi da chieu viia khep kin, viia dpc lap viia dan xen nhidu cac yeu td Nhu vgy, cd le khdng nen nhin nhan nhirng lang thj hda nhanh hidn la da bi "giai cau triic", da khdng cdn la lang niia ma nen nhin nhgn dgng lang nhu mdl thyc thd sdng ddng va da chidu, dan xen va dich chuyen lidn tuc, md va nhanh nhgy cae hogt dpng sinh kd ciing nhu ddi sdng chinh trj, van hda, xa hdi Bdi eanh dd thj hda nhanh khu vyc phia lay eiia thii dd Ha Ndi da dua Xuan Dinh lii mpt lang que ndng nghidp ven dd hdi nhap dan vao dd thj va rdi trd mdt phudng npi dd, dan lang da nhanh chdng chuyen ddi sinh kd tu ndng nghidp sang thuong mgi, dich NGHIEN CUU - TRAO Ddl v y T r o n g q u a trinh ehuye'n ddi dd, tinh Hnh boat, chii d d n g , nhanh n h a y va dd thich u n g c u a dan lang d u p e thd hidn r o net, nhiing c o bdi va thach thiic tii q u a trinh ehuye'n dd'i, d a d a n g b d a sinh k e e u n g b d c Id va X u a n D i n h c d the' t r d m d t didn binh c h o m d hinh lang dd thj vdi eac c i u tnic d a chidu, dan xen va nang ddng " Chu thich • Bai viet nim khuon kho de tai cap B9 Ldng ven vd nhung su biin ddi vdn hda (nghien cuu Irudng hifp ldng Xudn Dinh, huyfn Tir Liem, ihdnh phdHd NOi), Vi?n Nghien cuu van hoa (Vi?n Han lam khoa hpc xa hpi Vi?t Nam) chu tri thiic hien, Chii nhi?m at tai: PGS TS Nguyin Thi Phuong Cham (1) Co Iai lipu viet la lang Ddn, song each vilt la lang Gidn pho' bifen hem va dung voi chi dan ciia dan lang (2) V! nhu: QuySt dinh s6 108/1998/TTg 20/6/ 1998 cua Thii tudng Chinh phii vd viec Phi duy^t dieu chinh quy hoifch chung ihu Hd Noi den ndm 2020; Nghi djnh s6 88/I994/N&CP 17/8/1994 ciia Chinh phii v^ quan li va sir dung dat thj; Quyel djnh so 68/2006/QEHJB 15/5/2006 ban hanh quy djnh ve giao dat, cho thue dat chuySn muc dich su dung dat tren dia ban Ha Noi: Quy^t djnhs6 / 0 / Q I H ; B 30/11/2007 cua UBND Ha Noi ban hanh quy djnh ve thu hoi dat, giao dat, cho thue dat, chuyen muc dich su dung dat d£ thyc hi^n dy an diu lu va lam nha a gian dan nong thon dja ban Ha Npi; Cong vSn so 4215/ UBND-XDngay 19/12/2008 ciia UBND ph6 Ha Npi ve chinh sach bdi thucmg h6 trp hoa mau de thuc hien mpt so dir an tren dja ban huyen Tii Liem (3) Tai li^u tfi xual ban la cuon Lich su Cdch mang xd Xudn Dinh - huyin Tu Uem - Hd Noi (1926-2003), Ban Chip hanh Dang bp xa Xuan Dinh, 2005 Tai lieu chua xuat ban la mot so ghi ehep cua cac vi tri thuc a lang ma qua trinh dien da tai lang chiing toi dmjc hp chia se (4) Ten cua nhung ngucri cung cSp thong tin da ducrc chung loi thay doi de Uam bao tinh an danh cho hp (5) Theo each phan chia cila tac gia To Duy Hpp Sif bien ddi ciia ldng xd Viet Nam ngdy a dt'mg bdng song Hdng, Nxb Khoa hoc xa hpi, H, 2000 (6) Trudng hgp nha anh Bao (thon Cao Dinh) nam 2003, dupe dan bii 54 trieu d6ng cho 432 m2 vao du an luc chi dil tidn xay ba gian nha trp, nam 2010 nha anh dupe nhan hon I ti d6ng cho lOOOm^ thu h6i dir an Tay H6 Tay, vdi so tien do, gia dinh anh diu tir xay dupe ca chyc phong trp khep kin (d?ng chung cu mini) cho thue voi gia cao (7) 86 li^u tit Bao cao chinh tri Dai hpi dai bie'u lin thu XXV Dang bp xa Xuan Dinh (nhi^m ki 2010 • 2015) tr.3 (8) Dang uy xa Xuan Dinh cung cap tinh den thang nam 2014 (9) Xem them cac cong trinh: Nghien ciiu diiu tra qua Irinh Ihi hda (i> ldng - xd thdnh phudng cila Hd Niii, nhung ldn lgi vd cdc gidi phdp khae phuc UBND Tp Ha Noi Sd Khoa hpc Cong ngh? va Moi trucmg Ha Npi, Vien Xa hpi hpc 2001; Nhung bie'n doi vi xd h0i vd vdn hda d nhimg ldng qui chuyin lit xd thdnh phudng tai Hd Noi, Tran Thj Hong YEn Luan an tien sT chuyen nganh Nhan hpc van hoa, Hgc Vien Khoa hpc xa hpi, 2011 Tai lieu tham khao Ban ChS'p hanh Dang bo xa XuSn Oinh (2005), Lich sii Cach mang xa Xuan E^nh - huyen Tir Uem - Ha Npi (xuong in Xi nghiep Ban 1, Bp Quoc phong), IHa Npi Nguyin Tu Chi (1996) "Co cSu t6 chirc ciJa lang Viet co truySn cf BSc Bp" Gop phin nghien cuu vSn hoa va tgc nguai, Nxb VSn hoa thdng tin -Tap chi Vlin hoa ngti$ thuat, Ha Npi, tr.169-272 T5 Duy Hpp chu bien (2000), Sgbien ddi cua langxa Vi$l Nam dSng ttSng sdng HSng, Nxb Khoa hoc xa hpi, Ha Npi Vu Trpng Khai, 06 Thai Oong, Pham Bich Hop chu Nen (2004), de tai cap Nha niioc Phaf (riwi ndng (hi3r) Vi^t Warn fl> lang xa tmyen ^wng d^ vSn minh hien d$i, d l tai KX 07-13 Nguyin HQu Minh va dong nghidp (2X5), "Bl^n doi ldnh t l - xa hpi a vOng ven d6 Ha N^ qua trinh dd thj hoa', XaM//i()C,s6l.tr.56-65 Nguyin Ngoc Tuan (2003) Nhung v^n de kinh li'xa h^i va moi tni^g vung ven cac thj ldn qua trinh p/ial then bin vung, Nxb Khoa hpc xa hpi, Ha Npi UBND Ha N6i, So Khoa hpc C6ng ngh? va M» truong Ha Noi, Vi^n Xa hoi hpc (2001), NghiSn cdu, dieu Ira qua trinh dd thi hoa tCr lang - xa phucmg cHa Ha W nhung ton t$i va cac giai phap khSc phuc V i ^ van hoa thong tin - 66 van hoa th6ng tin (2000), d^ tai cap B