Định hướng giá trị nghề của cư dân nông thôn trong bối cảnh đô thị hoá

DjNH HUONG GIA TRj NGHE CUA CU DAN NONG THON TRONG BOI CANH DO THI HOA PGS.TS Phan Thj Mai Huong Gidm ddc Trung tdm Tdm ly hpc Thuc u^hivm, Vi^n Tdm ly hpc T6M TAT Khdo sdt thuc lien fal khii vuc ndng thdn c6 mifc dd dd thi hoa khdc vdi 713 hd gia dinh cho thd'y, dinh hudng gid tri ciia cuddn ndng thdn hien vita thSng nhd't vUa da dang Nhin chung, hp thich cdc nghe cd tinh chat Sn dinh, it rui ro, lam tai dia phuong, lam diing nghi duac ddo tao vd nghi c6 hAng thu Dinh hudng gid tri ndy khdc theo liJta tudi va trinh dd hpc vdn, khdng khdc theo gidi tinh va mite dd dd thi hda Ngodi ra, dd'i vdi hp, ddt dai ngodi gid tri si( dung cdn cd gid tri trao ddi Nghe ndng vdn duoc nhiing ngudi trung niin vd ngudi gid hudng den nhu mdt nghe an toan vd khdng cdn hpc hdi kie'n thiic mdi Ket qud cQng minh chicng cho hien tuang cdi md bdc Id nhiing gid tri da dang khdc d khu vuc ndng thdn hien Kit qud nghien cih4 gai md nhung chinh sdch phit hop vdi viec dinh hudng vd dao tgo nghe d ndng thdn hien qud trinh dd thi hda Til kh6a: Dinh hudng gid tri nghe; dinh hudng gid tri nghe ndng: dinh hudng gid tri ddt dai; dd thi hda; ndng thdn Ngdy nhgn bdi: 4/9/2012; Ngdyduyit ddng bdi: 20/9/2012 ModSu Trong giai doan hifin nay, qud trinh d6 thi hoa dang diin manh me trSn di^n rong nu6c ta M61 nhGng dac tnmg ca ban cua qua trinh d6 thi hoa chi'nh la su chuydn dich co ca'u kinh l€', d6 nang ty c6ng nghiep va djch vu, giam ty trpng nong nghifip Di ddi vdi qui trinh la su dich chuydn viec lam cua ngucfi dan tCr n6ng nghiep sang cac ngh^ khac Nhiing ngu6i ndng dan vC'n bao ddi gSn b6 chat che vdi ngh^ n6ng dang diing trudc mot su bie'n d6i Idn lao cupc ddi ciia ho - ho khfing la nfing dan niJa Ho phai thay d6i ngh^ de ki6m s6'ng vk su chuydn d6i la bat budc chii kh6ng phai tu nguy6n Vdi hp, nhflng gii tri ngh^ nao ma ho hudng tdi 24 TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, SO' 10 (163), 10 - 2012 qui trinh chuydn ddi nay? Nghd nflng dflT vdi hp cd gii tri sao? Dd li nhttng ciu hoi trpng tim m i bai vidt niy se tra Idi Phuong phap nghien curu Mdu chgn: Nghien ettu dupe thuc hien tai dja phUPng ciia midn Bic, Trung vi Nam: Hi Nfli, Thii Binh, Hud, Cin 'Tho vi Long An Tinh theo mttc dfl thi hda thi Ha Nfli vi Long An didn manh nhit vi li dia bin thuflc tinh Ha Tiy cu sat Hi Nfli (nay la Hi Nfli) vi phd Hd Cbl Minh Thii Binh, Cin Tho vi Hud cd miic dfl dfl thj hda thip hon Cac xa dupe chpn la nPi dang didn su chuydn ddi dit nflng nghiflp sang dit dfl thi va cac xa lin cin vdi khu vuc chuydn ddi Sd lupng miu li 713 hfl gia dinh, dPn vi cung cip thflng tin li chu hfl hpic dai difln chii hfl dam bao viflc cung cip thflng tin (trfln 18 tudi va minh min) VT didu kifln khich quan, miu dupe lira chpn theo cich chpn miu cum (toan bfl sd bfl tai cum din cu cd ngudi dai difln d nhi thdi gian thu thip thflng tin) Cic hfl din chii ydu d noi didn viec chuydn ddi muc dich sir dung dit hoac/va li nflng din hifln tai Cdng cu nghiin ciiu: Dd tun hidu dinh budng gii tri xa hfli cua cu din nflng tbfln hien nay, nghien cdu da sii dung bang hdi kdt hpp vdi phdng vin siu Bang bdi la cflng cu chinh, dd dua nhttng mfl hinh nghe va viec lim dd ngudi tra Idi lua chpn mfl hinh minh yflu thich hPn Cd cap gii tri nghd, mdi cap la hai gii tri nghd dflT lip mflt cich tUPng dflT Ngudi tra Idi dupe chpn mflt hai gia tri niy va khflng dupe mang tinh lupng difln (tttc la khflng dupe chpn ca hai) Cic gii tri nghd hfln quan dfl'n thu nhip, tinh chit cia nghd (dn dinh, riii ro, mttc dfl vit va), noi lam viflc (nhi nude hay tu nhin, tai dia phuong hay di xa), dio tao nghd, hiing thu, sd thich Thflng qua each lua chpn gia tri nghd cd the xic dinh dupe ngudi nflng din hifln dang hudng dfl'n nhihig gii tri nio cila nghd Bfln canh dd, nghien ctru tim bidu dinh hudng gia tri cua dit nflng nghiflp va nghd nflng dflT vdi ngudi nflng din hifln dd xic dinh gii tri cua nghe nflng tuong quan voi cic nghe khic qua trinh ngudi nflng din phai chuydn ddi nghd qua trinh dfl thi hda Ket qua nghien cuiu Binh hudng gid tri nghi vd viic lam Ddnh gid chung Dinh hudng gia tri nghd li nhttng gii tri cia nghd m i ngudi hudng ddn, dupe thd hifln qua dinh gii, mong mufl'n, qua lua chpn va hanh dflng thuc td ciia hp liiih vile nghd nghiflp, viflc lim Kdt qua khao sat bang cho thiy ring, vd tdng thd, cu din nflng thfln bdi canh dfl thi hda hudng den mflt each ro ret nhttng nghd cd cic gia tri sau: TAP CH( TAM LY HOC, Sd 10 (163), 10 - 2012 25 - Nghd mang tinh dn dinh, cho dii cd thu nhip thip; - Lim diing nghd dupe dio tap, chp dtt thu nhip thSp; - Lim tai dia phUPng cho dtt cd It co hfli hon di lim in xa; - Chpn viflc lim m.T minh cd hiing thd, cho dtt thu nhip thip; - Chpn nghd It riii ro, cho thu nhip dn djnh, dtt khflng cao Cd thd thi'y, gii tri thu nhip cao khflng hip din ngudi din bing gii trj dn dinh, lam dung nghd, lam tai dja phuong, httng thu It rui ro ciia nghd nghiep, viflc lim Vdi cu din cic vfmg khio sit, hp cdt cd mflt viflc lim dd cd thu nhip dn djnh li dupe Hp khflng coi trpng cic CO hfli dd phat tridn ban thin, cung nhu khflng thich su rdi ro Hp hudng dfl'n su an toin ITnh vuc viflc lim nhidu hon Cd thd ndi, chi cin dd d i sfl'ng vi khflng cd udc vpng lam giiu, nfl luc dd giiu hPn li djnh hudng chung cua cu din nflng thfln hifln vd nhung gia Iri cia nghd nghiflp, viflc lim Nhung nghd cd cic gii trj sau khflng phii li xu hudng chung ma cd su phin hda ro rSt sd nhttng ngudi dupe hdi: - Mflt bfl phin hudng dsh viflc lim co quan nhi nude, mflt bfl phin khic thi lim d diu ettng dupe, midn li cd thu nhip; - Mat sd ngudi quyfl't tim lam dung nghd, dtt phai di xa, nhung mflt sd khic lai chi mufl'n lim d thinh phd nfln sin sing lim bit ctt viflc gi; - Mot sd ngudi thich nhttng nghe bin rOn, cang thing nhung cd thu nhip cao, nhung mot sd khic lai thi'ch lam nhung nghe nhin nha, vit va cho du thu nhip cd thip hon; - Mflt sd thich lim nghe nflng vi ching phai hpc hanh gi them, nhung mflt bfl phin hudng ddn cac nghd khac chp du phai vit va dudng hpc tip Su phin hda niy phan inh tinh da dang trpng djnh hudng gia tri mflt xa hfli phat trifl'n hon so vdi sir thflng nhit Ndu nhu trudc kia, su thuin nhit sinh boat, IflT sfl'ng vi ca be gii trj vi tu li mflt nhttng die didm cia nflng thfln truydn thflng Cd the quan sit thi'y d diy nhidu thtt giflng nhau, cung nhu Binh quin chi nghTa dupe dd cao mpi sinh hpat xa hfli cung nhu tu cia CPU ngudi Va sir giflng dudng nhu khifl'n ngudi ta hda minh vio cflng ddng nhidu hon Ngupe lai, su khic biflt, die biflt la nhttng khic biflt vd gia tri li didu khd dupe chip nhin bflT canli nflng thfln truydn thflng, khep kin sau luy tre ling Tuy nhifln, ngiy nay, ling xa dupe md rflng bfln ngoii qua trinh thj hda, sir giap luu, thflng thupng da dem ddn chp nflng thfln nhieu gii tri mdi ben canh nhttng gii trj ctt Viflc chip nhin vi bflc Ifl mflt sd 26 TAP CH( TAM LY HOC, Sd 10 (163), 10 - 2012 nhttng dinh hudng gii tri khic biflt trfln diy li mflt didm tupng ddi mdi trpng bdi canh ngiy Bdng 1: Dinh hudng gid tri nghe cua cuddn ndng thdn (Ty li %) Cfic gii trj a Thu nhdp cao nhung kh6ng 6n dinh b Thu nhdp ft hon, nhrniK 6n dinh a Cd quan nh^ nirdc b Lim bSx dl dftu nii£n Ik c6 thu nhflp a Diing ngh^, dfl phih di xa b Qil cii viec g), nhung ij th^h ph6 a Khdng ddng ngh^, thu nhfip cao b Diing ngh£, dh thu nhap cd Ihaip hon a B an r^n, cang thdng thu nhAp cao b N h ^ nha nhimg thu nhan th£p hon a Ngh£ ndng, khdng phai hoch^h b Ngh£ kh^c dii phai hoc tap a Lam tai dia phuong nhung it co hdi b L ^ xa gia dinh nhung nhi£u CO hdi a Cd hthlg thd, dii thu nhdp hoi thip b Khdng hdng thd dflm bao cuOc sdng a Riii ro cao, cd Ih^ thu nhdp cao b ft lui ro, thu nhap 6n dinh khdne cao Tdng Trinh dd hoc vfl'n Khu vuc BTH Tudi TH THCS THPT S6 Manh 11.5 7.4 13,0 88.5 92.6 87,1 52.6 54,9 48.9 47,4 45,1 51.1 47,6 54,7 57.1 43,2 52,4 45,3 42,9 26,1 24,5 22.9 23.3 25,2 79,0 73,9 75,5 77.1 76,7 74,8 46.7 54.7 51,1 53,0 41,2 50,2 48,2 63,5 53.3 45,3 48,9 47.0 58,8 49,8 51,8 43,9 62,9 53,3 30,6 12,0 46,8 51,4 47,4 41,8 56,1 37,1 46,7 69,4 88,8 53,2 48,6 52,6 58,2 75,4 82,3 75.9 73,5 62,6 77,0 78,1 82,3 71,3 24,6 17,7 24.1 26,5 37.4 23,0 21,9 17,7 28.7 65,9 66,0 61,5 72,0 68,8 63,2 68,7 65,6 66,0 34,1 34,0 38,5 28,0 31,2 36,8 31,3 34,4 34,0 12,0 22,6 12,7 8,3 12,1 12.8 10,6 8,0 14.4 77.4 87.3 91,7 87,9 87.2 89,4 92.0 85,6 88,0 Nhu viy, cd thd thiy ring, cu din nflng thfln hifln cd mot sd thdng nhit vd dinh hudng gii tri nghd bfln canh mflt sd dinh hudng khac biet Su dan xen gitta thflng nhSt va khac biflt vd dinh hudng gia tri nghd cho thiy, su cdi md vd mit xa hfli cila nflng thfln hifln chd chip nhin vi bflc 16 su khic biflt TAP CH( TAM LY HOC, 86 10 (163), 10 - 2012 27 dd trfln binh difln xi hfli Tuy chua di siu tim hidu vd nhung bing chiing ro ring dd li dfl thj hda hay li xu thd chung cia su phit tridn kinh td - vin hda xa hdi, nhung nd phin inh mflt thuc td da dang hifln nhttng vttng vfl'n hoic dang li nflng thfln Viet Nam d nhidu vttng midn tren khip nude ta Dinh hudng gid tri nghe vd vice luni ciia cdc nhdm ddn cU Nhttng kdt qua trfln diy da chi dinh hudng gii trj nghd vd mit tdng thd, dua nhung dinh gia chung nhi't vd thuc trang djnh hudng gii trj nghd hifln cia cu din nflng thfln Irong bflT canh dfl thj hda Kfl't qua cung cho thi'y, xu budng da dang hda vd djnh hudng gii trj, cung nhu thiy dupe sir phin hda nhit djnh gitta ngudi din vd vi'n dd niy Ciu hdi dit li liflu cd sir khac biet nio khflng gitta cac nhdm din cu theo mflt sd tiflu chi nhit djnh hay ndi ro hon, lieu cd xu hudng nio chung cho su phin hda niy hay khflng, cd tao thinh qui luit cia sir khac biflt hay khflng? Khic biflt gidi tinh Sfl' liflu khao sit di cho thi'y ring, djnh hudng gii tri nghd, nhttng khic biet gidi tinh li khflng r5 ret Sir khic biflt nbd chi tim thiy d hai didm: thu va noi lim viflc Theo httng thu, kflT qua cho thiy, ty 16 nam gidi thich lim viec theo thu nhidu hon ntt (70% d nam so vdi 60,9% d ntt) Trong dd, ty Ifl ntt mong mufl'n cd viec dam bio cufle sfl'ng chtt it theo thii cia minh nhidu hon nam (39% d ntt so vdi 30% d nam) Cdn theo noi lim viflc, nghien cttu phit hien ring, ntt thi'ch lim viec d cP quan Nha nude hPn (55,3% d ntt so vdi 46,8% d nam), dd, nam gidi cd thd lam bit ctt diu mien la cd thu nhip cd ty le cao hon sd ntt cd cung djnh butSng gii trj dd (53,2% d nam so vdi 44,7% d ntt) Khic biet Itta tudi Djnh hudng gia trj nghd li mflt khii niflm khflng chi lifln quan den nhttng thuflc tinh nhin cich cua ngudi m i cdn bao him dd sir hidu biet cttng nhu trai nghiflm cufle sfl'ng Viy d diy, heu dinh hudng gii trj nghd cua cu din nflng thfln cd khac biflt theo Itta tudi hay khflng? Sd lieu da chi ring, nhttng ngudi thuflc cac Itta tudi khic cd djnh budng khic d sd cip gii trj dupe khao sit Thtt nhit, dd li khic biet vd djnh hudng gii trj tdi noi lam viec Trong nhttng ngudi tre (dudi 35 tudi) phin Idn mufl'n lim d Nha nude, thi nhttng ngudi gii (ttt 55 tudi trd Ifln) lai cd hai hudng: mflt nhdm hudng dfl'n gia trj cua to chtte Nhi nude mufl'n lim viflc tai cac co quan Nhi nude Cdn mflt nhdm khac thi thi'ch ban thin gii trj cia lao dflng viflc lim vi cd thu nhip cdn lim diu cttng dupe, dflT vdi hp khflng la vin dd Cdn nhdm ngudi ttt 36 - 55 tudi thi 28 TAP CHITAM LY HOC, Sd 10 (163), 10 - 2012 phin nhidu thich gia trj cia viflc lim, khflng quan tim dfl'n nPi lam, chi mflt sd It hPn thich co quan Nhi nude Mat khac, nhdm ngudi nhidu tudi (ttt 36 trd Ifln) mufl'n lim tai dja phuong nhidu hon diu cd It co hfli, ngudi tre (dudi 35 tudi) lai sin sang di lim xa dd cd nhidu co hfli hon NhOng ngudi cang tre thi cing thi'ch lam dung nghd du di xa khoi thinh pho\ dd, nhttng ngudi cang nhidu tudi hon, cing thi'ch lam d thinh phd hem, vi thfl', ho sin sang lim bit ctt viflc gi Thtt hai, khic biflt vd dinh hudng gii trj tdi tinh chit cua viflc lam Sd Ueu cho thi'y, dflT vdi nhdm ngudi gia, ty le thich gii trj an nhin cia cflng viflc du thu nhip thip nhidu hon, nhung ngudi dfl tudi iao dflng (tttc la dudi 55 tudi) thi lai thich cflng viflc bin rfln nhung btt lai, lai cho thu nhip cao Vdi nhdm ngudi niy, rd ring li gii trj cia thu nhip ldn hon gii trj bin rfln cua cflng viflc Ho sin Idng bd cflng stte dd nhin dupe thu nhip cao hon Su khac biet ro ret nhit li d gia trj cia nghd nflng: Trong sd nhttng ngudi tre, rit It ngudi cd mong mufl'n lim nghd nflng, hp cd cd xu hudng ly nflng nhidu hon dtt viflc dd khifl'n hp phai hpc tip nhidu hon Trong dd, sd nhttng ngudi gia, ty le mufl'n ly nflng thip hon nhidu Nhieu ngudi vin mufl'n lim nflng nghiflp, bdi vdi hp dd la didu dfl ding, tu nhien, hp khflng cin phai hpc tip gi nhidu Vdi thuc trang biflu qua boat dflng nflng nghiep bien nay, thu nhip ttt nghd nflng rit thip so vdi mat bing chung, cufle sfl'ng cia ngufli lim nflng nghiflp trd nfln bi'p bflnh ma bo vin huflng tdi nghe cho thiy ring, cd thd kha ning dd hpc tip nghd mdi vdi hp li bit kha khang hoic nghd nflng gin bd nhu mdt phin ruflt thjt cua nhttng ngu&i gii, khifl'n hp rat khd Ijd nghd Mat khic, viec hudng ddn mflt nghd mod cung ddi hdi d ngudi nhttng nang luc nhit djnh, ma khflng phai cung cd nhttng nang luc niy, nhit la d ngudi trung nien hoic gia Vi the, nghd nflng dudng nhu li mflt nghd tUPng dflT an toan ddi vdi ho Khac biflt khu vuc Nghien cttn li'y bdi canh dfl thi hda lim ndn de thiy dupe dinh hudng gii tri nghe cia cu din nflng thfln hoan canh mfli Vi the, khu vuc d diy bao him S nghTa cia cic khu vuc cd mttc dp dfl thi hoa khic Mttc dp dfl thj hda im chi ty Ifl phin tram gitta difln tich dit dfl thi trfln dien tich tpan bfl khu vuc hay gitta sd din thi tren toan bfl din sd cila khu vuc Vdi y nghTa nay, kliu vuc dfl thi hda manh hon (tinh theo don vi xa) li khu vuc cd ty le difln tich dit dfl thi tr6n tdng dien tich cua xa ldn hon hoic khu vuc cd su gia ting dien tich dit dfl thj ldn hon trpng thdi gian vtta qua Thep each hidu nay, cd hai cich phin nhdm khu vuc dfl thi hda dua vao tim didm dfl thi TAP CH( TAM LY HOC, Sd 10 (163), 10 - 2012 29 hda: ci'p dfl dja phuong (tinh) vi cip dfl Trung uong d cSp dfl dja phuong, viflc so sinh mttc dfl dfl thj hda li tuong dflT, so sinh hai didm tai cttng mflt khu viic, cu the li so sinh hai dia bin (xa) vdi mttc dfl thj hda cao tbSp khic tai cttng mflt tinh Trfln binh difln li cip dfl Trung uong thi viflc chpn dja bin cd mttc dfl dfl thj hda cao pbii thuflc vio didm chpn cin thinh phd Idn hay thinh phd nhd Cin thinh phd Idn (Hi Nfli vi thinh phd Hd Chi Minh, cic dja bin cd mttc dfl dfl thj hda cao hon, cin thinh phd nhd (Cin Tho, Thii Binh vi Hud) cd mttc dfl dfl thj hda chim hon Nghifln cttu se phin tich dtt lieu theo ca hai cip niy dd thi'y dupe ro ndt mflT lifln hfl cua dfl thj hda vdi djnh hudng gii tri nghd cia ngudi din Ket qua cho thiy ring, d cip dfl Trung uohg, su khic biflt chi cd d mflt djnh hudng gii trj: noi lim viflc (co quan Nhi nude hay d diu cung dupe) Cu din cin thinh phd nhd chpn gia trj cP quan Nhi nude (57%), cdn cu din cin phd ldn thi chpn gii trj viflc lim d bit ctt chfl nip midn cd thu nhip (43%) Cdn nhin chung, hp giflng d chfl cttng bUtSng dfl'n nhttng gii trj nghd nhu d ci'p dfl dja phUPng, kftt qua cttng chp thiy, khflng co su khac biflt vd xu hudng lua chpn nghd nghiflp mi chi khic d lupng ngudi djnh hudng vio mfli gii tri (cap gii trj sd 1, vi bang 1) Noi cd mttc dfl dfl thi hda ydu, ty le ngudi chpn gia trj cua thu nhip cao hon gii trj dn djnh cia cflng viec; ty le chpn di lim xa dja phuong cao hon de cd nhidu co hfli vi chip nhin cflng viflc cd nhidu rii ro dd cd thu nhip cao hPn Cd the thiy, mflt sfl' bing chung de nhin djnh ring, d nhttng nPi cd mttc dfl dfl thj hda yflu hon, gii trj thu nhip dupe dinh gia cap hon cic gii trj khic so vdi cu din vttng cd mttc dfl dfl thj hda cao hon Tuy nhifln, tren tdng thd, sd liflu chi ring, du xdt ci'p dfl Trung uong hay dja phuong thi ngudi din d cic vttng cd mttc dfl dfl thi hda khac cttng khflng cd nhttng khac biflt ldn vd djnh hudng gii tri nghd cia hp Nghifln cdn chua khap sat su khac biflt vd vi'n dd cia cu din vttng nflng thfln dang qua trinh dfl thj hda va vttng nflng thfln truydn thflng dd xem thuc su djnh budng gii tri nghd cd chju anh hudng cua dfl thj hda hay khflng nhung nghifln curu niy chua tim thiy nhttng bing chttng xic dang dd kfl't luin vd vin dd niy tai nhttng vttng cd mttc dfl dfl thj hda khic Cd thd, sir mo rflng cic mfli lifln he xi hfli cia ling Viflt ngiy da phi bd hang rio ngin each ling vdi bfln ngoii Ngudi din cip nhit thflng tin hon, hidu biflt hon vi trd nfln gin gtti hon vdi xa hfli bfln ngoii ling vi dd, su xi'ch lai gin mflt sd gii trj mang tinh xa hfli li cd thd hidu dupe Khic biflt thep trinh dfl hoc vin Trinh dfl hoc vin la co sd cia nhin thiic xa hfli cua cpn ngudi Viy nd cd 30 TAP CH( TAM LY HOC, Sd 10 (163), 10-2012 hfln quan gi dfl'n dinh hudng gia trj nghd cia cu din nflng thfln hay khflng? KflT qua nghifln cttu da chi ring, nhttng khich thd cd trinh dfl hoc vin khic thi CO su khac biet vd djnh hudng gia trj nghd kha ro ndt d tit ca cic cip gii tri dupe khao sit Theo dd, nhttng ngudi cd hpc vi'n cap hPn budng ddn cic gia tri sau cia nghe nghiflp - viec lam: - Chpn viec lim cd ti'nh chit dn djnh hon li chpn viflc lim cd thu nhip cap; - Lim d cp quan Nhi nttdc; - Lam dung nghd, du phai di xa; - Lam dung nghd, dtt thu nhip thip; - Cflng viflc bin rfln, nhung cho thu nhip cao; - Ly nflng; - Cflng viflc cd hihig thu; - Cflng viflc It rii ro, dtt thu nhip thip; Trong dd, nhttng ngudi cd hpc vi'n thi'p hPn hudng dfl'n nhttng viflc lam cd gii trj nhu: - Cflng viflc cho thu nhip cao du khflng dn djnh; - Lim d diu cung dupe, mifln cd thu nhip chtt khflng nhit thidt phii vio CO quan Nha nude; - L,am trai nghd dd dupe d gin nha; - Lim bit ctt viec gi mifln la dupe d thinh phd; - Chpn cflng viec an nhin du thu nhip thi'p; - Lim nghd nflng, de khdi phai hpc; - Chpn viec lam tai dja phuPng, dtt It co hfli; - Chpn cflng viflc khflng httng thu nhung dam bio cufle sfl'ng; - Chpn cflng viec rii ro cao nhung thu nhip ettng cao Cd thd thiy, trinh dp hpc vin gin bd chat che vdi djnh httdng gii tri nghd cu din nflng thfln hien Cd hpc vin cao, ngudi din djnh hudng tdi nhttng gia tri cOT loi cia lighd nhu lim dung nghd dupe dao tao, co httng thu, bin ri5n chtt khflng phai cic gia tri bfln ngoii cia viec lim nhu thu nhip, lim d thinh phfl', cflng viflc nhan nhi, khflng cin hpc hanh thflm Vdi nhttng ngudi ed hpc vin thip hon, cd duoc viec lim va cd thu nhip dam bao cufle sfl'ng li du dflT vdi hp Trpng dd, vdi ngudi cd hpc vi'n cao hon thi cac gii tri nghd dupe de cao chtt khflng chi la viec lim Cd nghd vi cd viec chinh li cic dinh budng khic cia nhiing ngudi cd trinh dfl hpc vin khic Nhu viy, su khic biflt ro nhit djnh hudng gia tri nghd d cu dan nflng thfln la d trinh dfl hpc vin vi Itta tudi Khic biflt vd gidi va khu vuc dfl thi hda Ii khflng ding kd Cd thd ndi djnh hudng gia trj nghd nghiep, viec lim cua cu din nflng thfln boT canh dfl thi hda dudng nhu hda vao ddng chay chung cua xa h(5i ICHfTAMLYHpC,SdlO(163), 10-2012 31 qui trinh phit tridn kinh td - xa hfli cia dit nude chtt khflng rd ring dd la dfl thj hda mang lai Nhung dfl thj hda lim qui trinh niy xiy nhanh hon, didn quyflt liflt ban (3 nhttng noi cd mttc dfl, tdc dfl dfl thj hda cao hay thip khic thi cttng ddu thiy xu hudng niy Binh hudng gid tri ddt dai vd nghi ndng Dfl thj hda lam mflt bi5 phin din cu nflng nghiflp bi mit mflt phin hoic toin bfl dit sin xuit vi cttng vdi hifln tuijng niy li hp phii mit nghd hoic giam b(St boat dflng nghd truydn tbfl'ng cia minh Nghifln cdu tim hidu, vdi hp hifln nay, gii trj cua dit dai vi nghd nflng nhu thd nip? Dinh hudng gid tri ddt dai Bdng 2: Dinh hudng gid tri ddt dai vd nghi ndng Ctz nbdn dinh (1) Hoin to&n ItbOng d6ngy MlicdiJ dfinei (2) (3) Khdng D6ng:f ddng^ nhi^u nhl^u hon htm (4) Hoin toin dongy Dilm trung binb Do Idch chuin Gid tri ciia dUt dai L Gi& tri i& aim d ch6 trfing trot diroc cdy trii 20,5 14,1 24,8 40.5 2.85 1,16 Gid tri dit la gii ci ciia n6 37,7 20,1 19,2 22.9 2,27 1,19 TOi mu6n hix dung dait dai 6i Ijtm nOng ngtiigp 11,9 8,7 14,4 65.1 3.33 1,05 TOi mu6n Ikm nha &i cho thuft 45,7 18,0 18,3 18.0 2.09 1,16 DSt njOng cua gia dinh c6 Ih^ cho ngu&i kMc muctn/thue &i canh tfic 52,7 19,3 14,2 13,6 1,89 1.10 TOi mufin bdn mOt phdn ddt ciia gia dinh 71,9 10,5 6,6 11.0 1,57 1,02 Gia dinh toi murfn chuydn d6i muc di'ch si!i dung ddt ndng nghi£p sang huiSng khdc 44,4 15,0 18,4 22,2 2,18 1,22 Gia dinh toi c6 mOt stf ddt, toi muO'n Nhd nu6c nhanh ch6ng thu h6i d^ duoc hudng ti^n d^n bil 63,8 12,8 9.0 14,5 1,74 1,12 TOi mutfn cilng vfii mijt stf hfl khdc fi6p ddt d^ xdy dung trang trai 58,7 15,5 12,6 13,3 1,8 1,1 Dinh hu&ng si dung dM 32 TAP CHf TAM LY HOC, Sd 10 (163), 10 - 2012 Cung vdi qua trinh dfl thj hda, dit nflng nghiflp dupe mang them gia trj mdi la gia trj trap ddi ben canh gia trj s i dung cia nd Dit dai cttng li vin dd giy nhieu btte xue cho ngudi din cung chinh bdi gii trj trao ddi niy Sd liflu cho thi'y, ngudi din tai cac vttng nflng thfln thi'y nhttng gii trj khic cua dit dai Hon 65% sd ngudi dupe bdi nhin nhin gii tri cia dit nim d chtte ning trdng trpt cua nd, tttc li chtte ning s i dung Trong dd, hon 43% sd ngudi dupe hdi nhin nhin dit dai d gii trj trap ddi trfln thj trudng, xem xdt nd cd gii bap nbiflu Kdt qui cdn cho thi'y, sd ngudi vtta thiy dit dai cd gia trj s i dung lin gia trj trao ddi khflng nhidu (chi khoang 8% sd ngudi dupe hdi) Dudng nhu vdi nhidu ngudi, gii trj su diing cia dit dai cho nghd nflng vdi gia trj trao ddi li cap gii trj trii ngupe Nd cttng cho thi'y djnh hudng ro ring vd gii tri cia dit cia ngudi din: da trdng trpt thi khflng mua bin hpic da mua bin thi khflng trdng trpt vi nd cttng phin nio phan anh thuc td hifln cua ngudi din mflT quan hfl vdi dit dai Tinh hinh niy cung phan inh su ddi thay trfln binh dien xa hfli vd gii trj cua dit Nflu nhu trudc kia, xi hfli nflng thfln truydn thflng, dit dai dupe vi nhu tac vang bdi gia tri s i dung: "Ai chd bd rudng hoang; Bao nhiiu tdc ddt tdc vdng bdy nhieu" thi ngiy nay, thuc te cho thi'y, vdi nhidu ngudi, dit cdn cd gii tri dd trao ddi, dit dai trd hing hda, thim ehl mflt loai hang hda die biet Quan diem niy khflng khic biflt d nam vi ntt, cttng khflng khac biflt d nhung khu vuc cd mttc dfl dfl thj hoi khic nhung nhin ro su khic biet theo Itta tudi vi trinh dfl hoc vin cing ldn tudi, ngudi ta cing nhin thi'y gii trj s i dung cia dit nhidu hon va cang tre tudi, cing nhin thi'y gii tri trao ddi cua dit Ngiy nay, cung vdi su phat trien kinh td xa hfli va dfl thj hda, sd lupng ngudi cpi (lit dai cd gia trj chuydn ddi ngiy cang nhidu thflm Co the thi'y, sd liflu da chttng minh phin nio vd su dich chuydn gii trj cia dat dai cua cu din nflng thfln bdi canh dfl thi hda (ttt gii tri s i dung canh tic, trdng trpt sang gia trj trao ddi) Dinh hudng gid Iri nghe ndng Trudc tinh trang gii tri cia dit dupe djnh hudng dfl'n khflng chi li gii tri stt dung m i cdn cd gia trj trao ddi thi ngudi din nflng thfln hien coi nghd nflng nhu thd nao, lieu nd cd cdn li cp nghiep, sin nghiep cua ngudi nflng thfln ntta hay khflng? IChi dupe hdi vd mong mufl'n stt dung dit cia minh, kST qua cho thi'y, dinh hudng gii tri stt dung dit dupe nhidu ngudi hudng dfl'n la lim nflng nghiflp SO' chiem khoang 80% sd ngudi dupe hdi Ben canh dd, bp cdn cd nhttng mong mufl'n stt dung dit theo each khic, cu thd la: TAP CHI TAM LY HOC, Sd 10 (163), 10 - 2012 33 - 40% mufl'n chuydn dit nflng nghiflp sang hudng khic; - 36% mufl'n lim nhi cho thufl dd ting thu nhip; - 28% mufl'n cho ngudi khic thufl lai dd hp canh tic; - 24% mufl'n dupe Nhi nude thu hdi dd nhin tidn ddn btt Bdng 3: Dinh hudng gid Iri ddt dai vd nghe ndng d cdc nhdm cu ddn khdc (%) B d i hjhdo Cdc nhdn djnh Cao Thfl'p CIdl tinh Nam NO 55 Trinh d$ ho< vdn TH TH Tl«u h9c CS PT Gid tri cia ddt dai Gid tri ddt lil trdng ti^t 2.88 2,83 2,84 2,89 2.59 2,89 2.91 2.78 3.03 2.68 Gid tri ddt Id gid cd cda nd 2,20 2.33 2,28 2,29 2.56 2.22 2,27 2,35 2.13 2.40 Binh hudng sU dung ddt Ldm ndng nghidp 3,39 3,28 3,31 3.33 2.78 3.47 3.32 3,42 3,45 3.18 Ldm nhd cho thuC 1.87 2.24 2.04 2.15 2.47 2.10 1.91 2,02 1.95 2.28 Cho ngudi khdc muonAhue 1.82 1,93 1,83 1.94 2,07 1.87 1.85 1,63 1.94 1,89 Bdn mdt phdn ddt 1.56 1,57 1,49 1.64 1,51 1,60 1.54 1,31 1.57 1.66 Chuydn ddi muc dich si!r dung ddt 2,10 2.25 2,25 2.15 2,38 2,20 2,08 1.60 2,18 2.38 Nha nude thu hdi d^ duoc hudng tidn ddn bil 1.61 1.84 1.68 1,79 1.44 1,82 1.76 1.61 1.90 1.66 Gdp ddt a xdy dung trang Irai chung 1.76 1.84 1.98 1,68 1,91 1.87 1.66 1.45 1.76 1.95 Ghi chu: EfTB dugc tinh theo thang diem, do: Id khdng ddng y vd Id hodn loan dong y Cd thd thi'y ring, cu din nflng thfln hifln dinh hudng gii tri sir dung dit dai bfln canh trdng trpt cdn cd nhidu gii trj s i dung khic DSt nflng nghiflp ttt chfl chi cd mflt gii trj li trdng trpt ciy trai, ngiy duoc mflt bfl phin cu din nflng nghiflp mufl'n s i dung vio nhidu muc dich khic Dd li nhttng mong mufl'n cia cu din nflng thfln vd viflc s i dung dit dai hifln Trfln thuc te', hp s i dung dSt nflng nghiep nhu thd nap? Sd liflu didu tra clii ring: - 84,8% sd he dang s i dung dSt dd trdng trpt, chin nufli (Diy chi yflu la nhttng hfl cdn dit nflng nghiflp sau bi thu hdi mflt phin qua trinh dfl thi hda); - 28,4% - lim nhi dd 6; - 6,5% - lim trang trai; 34 TAP CH( TAM LY HOC, Sd 10 (163), 10 - 2012 - 5,1% - lim nha cho thufl; " ^'^'^''''™