'KINH NGHICM Tfl cor sd Giai quyet viec lam theo cac chiTcmg trinh, difanorYen Baiter nam 2001 dennayK^'t qua va nhufng van de dat ^ TRilU THI TRINH' (j^Tdf La tinh mien nui nim siu ndi dia, Yen Bai vin dang doi mat nhieu vin dexa hgi ndi com, dd cd van de ve viec lam TO nam 2001 den nay, thong qua cic chiidng trinh, dO an cua Nha niidc dUdc triin khai tren dia bAn tinh da gdp phin vao viic giai phdng manh me, tdng thi sOc lao dgng, giup ngiidi lao dgng tiip can cac nguon vd'n xa hgi, tao viic lim mdi vi cd ctf M tim Mem viic lam phu hdp, nhiing cdn khdng it bit cap, nam ngoai "tim vdi" cua minh Mot so ket qui bade tfau Quy quo'c gia v l vide lam nam ChUdng trinh Muc tieu qud'c gia ve viec lam thdng qua cac chUdng trinh, du an d Yen Bai da dflng vflng qua giai doan (1992 - 1997; 1998 - 2000) Sfl cdng eua cac chfldng tnnh, dii an cac giai doan trUde va boi canh, ddi hdi mdi eua tinh eho tha'y vai trd, sU c i n thiet tiep tuc xay diing, thiic hien giai doan mdi Cac giai phap cua Quy qud'c gia v l viee lam tai tinh Yen Bai dUde hudng vao vi§c hd trd ve von cho cac to chfle, ca nhan nham tao va giai quyet viec lam nhieu hdn nfla cho ngfldi lao dpng, xuat khau lao ddng, tang efldng eac 6 I Stfl07 (11-2015) hoat ddng ho trd phat trien thi trfldng lao ddng Tfl nam 2001 den nay, Chfldng trinh Muc tieu qudc gia ve viec lam dat dfldc nhiing cdng bfldc d i u : Tha nhat, nhilu md hinh tao viec lam hieu qua d tinh vdi sfl hd trd thilt thflc tfl Quy qud'c gia ve viec lam qua cac md hinh, ehUdng trinh, dii an, nhu che bien khoang san, ndng, ldm san, md lunh kinh td' trang trai, eay cdng nghiep Hoat ddng cua eac chfldng t n n h , dfl an da thu hut sfl tham gia cua cae to chfle chinh tri - xa hdi, gdp phan tang cudng gan k i t gifla cac hdi vien va phat huy hieu qua von vay tao viec lam Tha hai, giai quyet vi§c lam thong qua dii an cho vay tfi Quy qudc gia ve vide lam chii trpng hfldng tdi cac doanh nghiep nhd va vfla, cd sb san x u i t , kinh doanh tao nhieu viec lam mdi cho nhiing ngUcli thieu va m i t viec lam, dac biet lao dpng ndng thdn va lao d6ng tha't nghiep thi, hit site quan tam nhflng ddi tifdi^ m i t viec lam chuyin d6i muc dich sfl dung dit n6ng nghidp va nhiing ddi tUpng yeu the khac (phu nfl, ngUdi t ^ tat, ddn tdc thieu so) Tha ba, nhflng cd chi, chfiih sach, dfl an hd trd ngfldi n{ * ThS, TruSng Dai hoc iM d&ng - Xa hpi TSSS^SSSESm^^ ve vay vdn uu dai d l phat triln kinh te cua Dang va Nha nudc gdp p h i n khdng nhd vao cdng tac xoa ddi, giam ngheo tai Yen Bai Cac huydn nghdo cd cac xa dac biet kho khan nhu Mu Cang Chai va van C h i n ed sfl chuyin bien nhanh chdng Ngay tfl nhiing nam 2003, huyen Mu Cang Chai xet duyet cho vay 47 dfl an tfl Quy quoc gia giai quyet viec lam Huydn Van Chin da tfl vail xay dflng 30 dfl an nhd va cac dfl an vay vdn giai quye't viec lam von cho 3.288 du an vay Ien din 118.997 trieu dong da giai quyet vide lam dfldc cho 30.473 lao ddng, ehiem 17,5% tong sd lao ddng dfldc giai quye't viec lam eua ea tinh H i n g nam Yen Bai dfldc Trung fldng bo sung nguon vdn mdi la 20.984 tridu dong, binh quan mdi nam bd sung tren ty dong, ciing vdi ngudn vd'n thu hoi tren 50 ty ddng, da giai quyet cho 1.627 lupt du an dUde vay v6h vdi doanh sd' eho vay dat 69.984 trieu dong, giai quyet viec lam cho Tha ta, cac chUdng trinh, 10.991 lao ddng, binh quan dli an, n h i t la eae dfl an tin mdi ehd lam viec mdi dUdc hd dung, da tao them nhilu viee trd vay vdn 6.000.000 dong lam, tang thu nhap cho ngfldi Tfl nam 2011 den nam lao dpng, nha't la nhdm lao 2013, da phuc hoi d a n I n dpng yeu the, ngfldi t a n tat, kinh te', cac nha d i u tu ciing dong bao t h i l u so viing sdu, quay trd lai So dii an d i u tfl Viang xa dfldc vay vd'n tfl Quy quo'c gia Trong nam (2001 - 2005), v l viec ldm tang cao nhat vao nam 2012, vdi 620 dii an dUde Yen Bai giai quyet dfldc 19.482 chd ldm mdi cho ngfldi thflc hien, tao dflde viec lam lao dpng qua thflc hien 1.719 cho 2.540 lao ddng Nam 2013, dfl an vdi t i n g sd'vd'n Ien d i n sd'dii an cd giam di nhflng 47.749 trieu dong Giai doan lai tao dUdc so vile lam mdi 2006 - 2010, tac ddng cua cho 2.700 lao ddng, nam 2014, suy thoai kinh te t h i gidi khoang 2.500 lao ddng dUdc khien cho cae dfl an d i u tfl giai quylt viec lam giam, so' ngfldi dfldc giai quye't Tha nam, cae ehUdng trinh, vide lam theo dd eung hi giam du an khuyd'n khieh phat triln so vdi giai doan trUdc 'I\iy san x u i t tiiu thu cdng nghiep, nhien, Yen Bai v i n thiie hidn chan nudi, trpt cac loai dUde 1.569 du an va sdngudi cdy cd gia tri kinh te eao; khdi dfldc giai quye't viec lam la phuc ede lang nghe t r u y i n 10.991 ngudi thdng, nhu may tre dan, my Tinh ehung ea giai doan nghe xuat khIu; phat t r i l n (2001 - 2010), vdi tong nguon d e nganh, n g h i mdi, nhu lam giay, tinh bdt sin, tinh d i u que, hoi d cac huyen T r l h Yen, Yen Binh, Van Ydn Qua do, tac dpng d i n qua trinh chuyin dieh cd d u kinh t l , cd d u lao ddng d ndng thdn theo hudng tieh ciie Tha sau, cae ehUdng trinh, dfl an phdt triln kinh te' n i m Chfldng trinh Mue tieu qudc gia v l viec lam cua Trung fldng, eua tinh dflde eac d p , cae nganh, cac p h i n kinh te' va mpi ngfldi cung tham gia, mdi nam da tao them vide lam mdi eho hang ngan ngfldi lao ddng, va gifl ty le that nghiep d khu vfle thi cdn tfl 3,93% nam 2006 xud'ng cdn 3,2% nam 2010, ty Id t h i t nghidp trdn toan tinh giam xud'ng cdn 3,5%, ty 11 t h i t nghilp khu vfle nong thdn 0,27% Tha bay, gdp phan thay doi can ban nhdn thflc eua nhan dan va toan xa hdi v l giai quylt viec lam Ngudi dan qua trinh dupe vay vdn tao viec lam ciing chu ddng huy dpng them nguon von gia ^ n h , hd trd d l to chfle san xuit, kinh doanh Tinh din nam 2010, nguon vd'n b l sung hang nam tfl ngan sach nha nflde Quy qudc gia v l viee lam da tich luy dfldc 4.895 ty ding (tang 82,8% so vdi thdi dilm 31-12-2006) va dfldc phan bo eho 63 tinh/thanh phd'tnic thudc Trung fldng va cac to ehfle ehinh tri - xa hdi, stf 107 (11-2015) I 67 ^ KINH NGHICM Tfl CO Sd t l ehfle xa hdi Quy viec lam cua tinh Yen Bai vdi so' vdn hang nam dfldc Trung Udng bo sung va nguIn vd'n thu hoi tfl cae chfldng trinh tin dung, tiep ti^e quay vdng da Ien den trdn 74 ty dong nam 2010 Trung binh eac dfl an mdi nam giai quyet d o trdn 3.000 lao ddng tai dia phUdng, 90% so eae du an vay v^n tap trung cho vay d khu viic ndng thdn va khu vfle phi ehinh thfle Tha tam, l i n g ghIp tieh efle cae chfldng trinh, dfl an vdi ede ehfldng t r i n h p h a t triln kinh t l - xa hdi khac cua tinh, tao d i l u k i l n eho cac nhdm doi tupng yeu the', nhu lad ddng la ngudi tan tat, lao ddng la ngUdi dan tde t h i l u so, lao dpng vung ehuyin dli mi;ic dich sfl dung da't ndng nghiep ed ed h^i vay vd'n phat triln san xuit, kinh doanh, tao viec lam cho ban than va cdng dong Trong dd, eae dii an hd trd cho ngfldi di x u i t k h I u lao ddng dat dfldc nhieu k i t qua Trong nhflng nam g i n day, suy thoai kinh te'va b i t on d mdt sd eac thi trfldng lao ddng the gidi nen sd' ngfldi di x u i t k h I u lao ddng theo cde ehfldng trinh, du an long ghIp tai Yen Bai khdng tang TXiy nhien, v l cd ban Yen Bai v i n gifl dfldc mfle chi tieu mdi nam dfla dflde tfl 600 750 lao ddng di lam viec d nflde ngoai; nam 2013, la 740 68 I Stfl07 (11-2015) lao ddng; nam 2014, khoang 700 lao ddng Mae dfl cac chfldng trinh, dfl an dflpe t r i l n khai kha sdm va d i n g bp trdn dia ban tinh Yen Bai, nhien v i n ton tai mdt sd' ban che', la: Mfle d i u tfl cho mpt ehd lam viee cdn thap: Theo chi tieu eua Quy qu6c gia v l viec lam d i u tu binh quan eho mdt chd lam mdi la 2,73 trieu dong, nhien vdi Yen Bii, mfle d i u tfl ca giai doan 2001 2010 chfla d i y 1,6 trieu ding Trong hdl canh hpi nhap, khoa hpe - ky thuat phat triln vdi td'c nhanh chdng nhung mfle d i u t u cho mdt cho lam vide tha'p ding nghia vdi c h i t lUdng viee lam tao edn ban ehe' Kha nang phat t r i l n eua viec lam tao theo dU an ciing edn ban che, n h i t la eae chUdng trinh, dii an tin dung dupe quy dinh thdi gian t& da eho vay lue d i u khdng qua nam, sau nam 2002 tang ldn nam Thdi han vay n g i n cd nghia la tuoi thp d a cac du an n g i n , kdo theo dd tinh I n dinh va kha nang tao viec lam cung b a n che Khoang 15% eae dii an khong t h i tri sd' lao ddng cung nhu thu nhap cua ngudi lao ddng tnidng hdp phai hoan vd'n vay Rui ro vay vdn cdn cao eho vay sai muc dich d i n dd'n tinh trang nam 2010, hang ngMn hie-ta cay ca-phg hi chit, ngfldi dan khdng tra dfldc nd (khoang ty dong), Nguon vd'n d i u tfl cua Nha nUdc cho hoat ddng vay von tao vi$c lam edn rat ban hep, mfle cho vay t h i p (binh quan ehi khoang trieu ding/lao ddng), d u yeu cho vay chu kj» n g i n , nhu c l u vay vd'n ldn nhUng nguIn vd'n edn it, chi dap flng dflde 35% nhu cau vay vd'n cua dan Nguyen n h a n d i n din nhflng b a n che' tren la thieu cd e h i quan ly dieu h a n h boat dpng toan b6 chUdng trinh; chUa ed diy du eae ed che' hoat ddng cu th^ cua tflng chUdng trinh, dU an; chfla cd cac cd che giam sat chi tieu lao ddng, viec lam v6i cac chi tieu vdn qua cac d^ an dau tu phat triln kinh te - xa hdi, n h i t la ddi vdi cac di? an d i u tu phat triln, xSy di^ng ket c l u t i n g Cac chUdng tiinh, du an va kihoach phat t r i l n kinh te' chUa dfla chi tieu tao viec lam mdi vao nhil mdt ehi tieu danh gia hi^u qua d i u tu, vay, sU ddng gdp eua cac chUdng trinh, i4 an phat triln kinh te'edn h^n c h i v e mat xa hdi Ti^p tuc nang cao hieu qui giii quy£t vifc lam clio ngudi lao tfong thdi giant6l Mdt Ik, tilp tuc diy manh t r u y i n thdng nang eao nh|n J ISIS thiic cua eac d p , eac nganh d dia phUdng vipc ho trd, giai quyet t^o vide lam cho ngfldi lao d^ng Phdi hdp, t l chfle long ghdp cae ehudng trinh phat t r i l n kinh te xa hdi, dao tao n g h i g i n vdi giai quylt viec lam Hai Ik, tiep tuc n a n g cao hipu qua du an eho vay vd'n Quy quoc gia hd trd viec lam, q u a dd, c i n tie'p tuc xay dung, hodn thi$n cac ed ehe, nhfl: - Cd ehi sa dung nguon vin: Phdn vd'n vay theo kha nang tao chd lam vide mdi thdng qua eae dfl an vay vd'n, uu tien eac huyen, thi xa, dat hieu qua cao boat ddng vay vdn, ndi cd nhieu dong bao dan tpc thilu sd^ ndi ed didn tieh dat ndng nghiep ldn ehuyin sang da't phi ndng nghiep; khu vUc thi (thanh phi', thi xa, thi t r i n , thi tfl, ndi ngfldi lao ddng khdng d d i t dai, tfl heu san xua't) - Cd chi phdi hgp: Tang efldng sfl phdi hdp gifla eae cd quan quan ly n h a nfldc cd trieh nhiem vide giao vdn vay cho eae td chfle dodn thi, vide lap k i h o a c h sfl dyng vditi vay hang nam, trach n h i l m d a Ngdn hang Chinh sach xa hdi vi^c quan 1;^, cho vay, bao toan va tang trfldng cua Qu^ - Ca chi phan dp: Tang efldng p h a n d p cho cae d p c h i n h q u y l n dia phfldng, dd coi trpng p h a n cap cho d p huydn t r o n g viec to chfle va thflc hien cac dfl a n cho vay doi vdi eac ddi tfldng - Cd chi long ghdp: Cac dfl an cho vay von cua Chfldng trinh Muc tieu quoc gia v l vide lam ed t h i g i n vdi mpt sd' dfl dn thudc ede chUdng trinh qude gia khde, nhU xda ddi, giam n g h d , du an day nghe, giup eho ngUdi lao ddng cd vide lam td't hdn, on dinh hdn Ba la, dli mdi cd e h i t h i m dinh, xdt duydt du an d l giai quydt khdng chi tinh trang ton dpng vd'n ma phai tang nhanh vdng quay sfl dung vdn eung nhu giam ehi phi giao dich v l eho vay vdn D l m t n g i n thdi gian tham dinh dU dn c i n cd nhflng quy dinh trach nhidm eu t h i cua cac cd quan tham gia xdt duydt Cd t h i uy quyln quylt dinh cho lanh dao dia phUdng din cap huydn vdi nhiing dfl an ed mfle vay nhd cho d e hd gia dinh, cd sd san x u i t kinh doanh nhd, theo Thdng tfl b i n tieh so 06/2002/TTLTBIDTBXH-BTC-BKHDT, ngdy 10-4-2002, Hadng din cd chi quan 1^ Quy quoc gia bo trd viee 1km vk lAp quy giai quyit viec lam dia phadng, Ik tfly thude vao dilu kiln va tinh hinh chi dao d dia phfldng Ben canh dd eung d n ddn gian hda ho sd, chu trpng d c mmm tieu chi v l so lao ddng thu hut, h i i u qua san xuit, bao vl mdi trudng d l xdt duyet Bin Ik, coi trpng cdng tac dilu tra, danh gia cae ehfldng trinh, dfl dn, n h i t la cac dfl an cd vdn vay tfl Quy quoc gia hd trd viec lam, dd sfl danh gia v l cac dd'i tfldng hfldng thu la ehu edc dfl kn, ngfldi lao ddng lam vide dfl dn la cd sd quan trpng n h i t de danh gia tdan bp cac giai doan Khi nflde ta cang hdi nh$p sau rdng, toan dien vdi cac nfldc khu vfle va tren the' gidi, qua trinh phat t r i l n kinh te' theo hfldng day m£inh edng nghidp hda, hidn dai hda ddi hdi ehiing ta eang phai Ifldng trflde nhflng he luy dd'i vdi ngfldi lao ddng TrUde nhflng tdc d^ng tidu cfle eua thi trudng doi vdi cac nhdm lao ddng yeu the', lao ddng khu viie ndng nghidp, ndng thdn, khu vfle phi chinh thflc, cdng ddi hoi phai cd sfl hd trp t h i l t thflc tfl Nha nfldc d l ho trd tao va tfl t^o vi$c lam cho ngfldi lao ddng Mat khde, d l bao dam cha't Iflpng, hieu qua tao vide lam, c i n t h i l t p h a i nang mfle d i u tu lao dpng cung nhu tap trung uu tien eho eac chUdng trinh, dfl an, n h i t la nhflng dfl I n tin dung danh cho cac d l i tUdng yeu the cho phu hdp n h i t vdi thflc tidn cac tinh ngheo nhfl Yin Bail SfllO?! (n-2015) I 69 ... ehd lam viee cdn thap: Theo chi tieu eua Quy qu6c gia v l viec lam d i u tu binh quan eho mdt chd lam mdi la 2,73 trieu dong, nhien vdi Yen Bii, mfle d i u tfl ca giai doan 2001 2010 chfla d i y... tfl giai quylt viec lam giam, so'' ngfldi dfldc giai quye''t Tha nam, cae ehUdng trinh, vide lam theo dd eung hi giam du an khuyd''n khieh phat triln so vdi giai doan trUdc ''I\iy san x u i t tiiu... 10.991 ngudi thdng, nhu may tre dan, my Tinh ehung ea giai doan nghe xuat khIu; phat t r i l n (2001 - 2010), vdi tong nguon d e nganh, n g h i mdi, nhu lam giay, tinh bdt sin, tinh d i u que,