Phát triển dịch vụ xã hội cho người lao động tại các khu công nghiệp trên địa bàn thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.pdf

Science & Technology Development, Vol 18, No Q2 - 2015 PHAT TRIEN DICH VU XA HQI CHO N G U d i LAO BQfIG TAI CAC KHU CONG NGH1$P TREN DIA BAN THANH PHO HO CHi MINH ( DEVELOPING SOCIAL SERVICES FOR LABORS AT INDUSTRIAL ZONES IN " ^ , HO CHI MINH CITY < ' '^ ^ Nguyfin Thi Khoa Trudng Dai hgc Kinh tfi - Luit, DHQG - HCM - Email: ntkhoa@uel.edu.vn (Bai nliQn 13 ihang 03 nSm 2015 hoan chmh sira chfia ngiiy 16 thung 06 nam 20IS) T6M TAT Sau Lugt ddu tu nudc ngodi tgi Vi^l Nam duge ban hdnh ndm 1987 TP Hd Ciii Minh Id mgt nhimg tinh thdnh dd nhanh chong htnh thdnh vd phdl Iriin cdc kim chi xudt khu cdng nghiep (sau ddy ggi Idl id KCN) mdl cdch mgnh me DinnayTP Hd Chi Minh da cd 24 KCN yiee phat friin dich vii xa hgi cho ngudi lao ddng lgi cdc KCN Id mdt nhung vdn di dgt co linh cap thietM ddm bdo cudc song ngdy edng tdt hon cho ngudi lao ddng; ddng Ihdi ddm bdo dirge an ninh vd trgt He xd hdi tgi cdc KCN tiin Irinh cdng nghiep hda hien dgi hda dat mrdc Bdi viit ndy trinh bdy ca so ly thuyit vi dich vu xS hgi va phdt triin dich v\t xd hgi cho ngudt lao dong lgt cde KCN Phdn tich vd ddnh gid thy:c trgng lir chi nhimg tiidnh ttru dgt dtrgc nhung hgn chi vd nguyen nhdn cua nhirng hgn che phdt triin dich vy xd hgi cho ngu&i lao dgng tgi cdc KCN tren dia bdn TP Hd Chl Minh Ddng thai, de xudt nhimg gidi phdp, kien nghi nhdm ndng cao hi^u qud vd ndng cao chdt lugng dich vy xd hdi cho ngirdi lao dgng tgi cdc KCN Iren dja bdn TP Ho Chi Minh Tir khda: dich vu, djch vu xS hdi, ngu&i lao dgng, khu cong nghiip ABSTRACT After the promulgation of the Foreign Direct Investment Law in 1997, Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) was one of the provinces to quickly establish and develop export processing and industrial zones (henceforth industrial zones) At present, there are 24 industrial zones in HCMC The development of social services for labors at these industrial zones is of urgency in order lo ensure a better life for them and at the same time the security and social order in the industrialization presents a theoretical framework and modernization process This study of social services and social services development for labors at industrial zones in HCMC, thereby pointing out the achievements and shortcomings as -well as the causes of such shortcomings In addition, the study offers some suggestions and policies to enhance the efficiency and quality of the social services for labors at industrial zones in HCMC Tu khda: service, social services, labors, industrial zones _^_^ l.GldlTHipU b0 phin ciu nginh kinh t i dich vu vi Dich vy xa hpi (DVXH) la nhirng dich vu dip tag cic nhu ciu cong dflng va ca nhan *^^*^S '^ """^^ ''^" P'^^'^ ^^ ' ^ ° ' ^ P"^^' ' " ^ " "^ "^^i- Mfii thdi ky phit trifin cua xa h0i cd yfiu nhim phit triin xi hpi, co vai trfi dim bao phuc Ipi v i cflng bing x i bpi, d i cao gii trj dao 1^^ nhin vin vi ngudi DVXH trd m$t ^^" '^^"'^ S'^ ^^ ° ^ ^ ^ ^ ^"^ "^^"- ^ ^ ' "^""^ ^"^^^ '^^^ "Sir&i lao dpng (NLD) tai cac KCN '''"' S6m: djch vy dio tao gidi thifu viec lim; Trang 40 TAP CHi PHAT T R | £ N KH & CN, TAP 18, S6 Q2 - 2015 dich vu nha d va cac phucmg tien sitih boat ngudi" D i e diim cua DVXH: tinh vfi hinh, hang ngay; djch vu y te va cham sdc sue khde; tinh khfing mat di, tinh khong hoin toan luu djeh vu nha tre, trudng hge cho NLD; djch giir dugc, khd van chuyfin, tinb khong dfing vu van hda, the thao, giii tri Sy phat trien nhit, gifing (khong the sin xuit theo d i y DVXH cho NLD tai cac KCN dugc danh gia chuyin), tinh dfing thdi, khdng thi phan chia, qua cac chi dfiu djnh tinh va djnh Iugng tinb khfing fin dinh v i chat lupng khd xac Phat triin DVXH cho NLD tai c i c KCN tren dia ban TP Hfi Chi Minh da lam thay dfii ky ning n ^ f i cua NLD, tao thu nhap va nang cao mirc song cho NLD, gdp phan ting loi nhuan cho cac doanh nghiep hoat ddng tai c i c KCN Ddng thdi, ddng gdp v i o sy lang trudng kinh te va thiic day chuyen dich co cau kinh te, CO cau Iao dgng cua TP Hfi Chi Minh Phat triin DVXH cho NLD tai cac KCN tren dja ban TP Hfi Chi Minh dS gdp phan nang cao trinh dp nghfi nghifp cho NLD, giai quyfit vifc lam, cung c i p nha d va cac phuang tifn sinh boat phuc vu cude sdng cua NLD, tao CO bfii cho NLD tiip can nhifiu hon den cac djch vy cham sdc sirc khde ddi sdng vin hoa tinh thin cua NLD dugc cai thien Thfi nhung, gan 30 nim qua, viec phit trifin DVXH cho NLD lai cic KCN tren dia ban TP Hd Chi Minb cdn nhifiu han chi vfi muc dp tifip can cic DVXH cua NLD, chit lugng cac DVXH cdn thap chua dap img yfiu cau ctia DVXH can thiit theo hudng vin minh tai cac KCN trfin dja ban TP Hfi Cbi Minh ^ C O s d LY THUYET VE DICH VU XA djnh'', cd ham lugng tri thuc cao va nhay cam vdi sy thay dfii cdng nghf Mfit sfi dac diem trfin day giiip cho viec nhan dang kliai niem dich vu dupc ro hon Tuy nhien nhirng dac diem dd chi mang tinh tuong ddi, cimg vdi sy phit trien ciia x3 hgi, nhirng dac difim se cd the dugc bd sung hoac bien dfii Djch vu xa hfii la mdt khai nifim "kep" dupc gin kit hihi ca bdi hai khii nifim "djch vu" va " x i hfli" DVXH Id nhiing dich vu ddp ung cdc nhu cdu cdng ddng vd cd nhdn nham phdl triin xd hdi cd vai trd ddm bdo phiic lai vd edng bdng xd hdi, de eao gid tri dgo ly nhdn vdn, vi nguai Id hoat dgng mang bdn ehdt kinh ti - xd hdi: Nhd nu&c, thi tru&ng hogc xa hgi ddn su cung ung, tiiy Iheo tinh chdl thudn cdng Id cdng hay lu ciia titng logi hinh dich vu: bao gom cdc iinh vuc: gido due - ddo tgo y ti, khoa hgc - cdng nghe, vdn hda - Ihdng lin thi dtie - the thao vd cdc trg giiip xd hgi khac Qua phan tich sy khic biet giCta DVXH vdi dich vu hanh chinh cflng v i dich vu kinh le, bing quan difim hfi thflng cd thfi nit nhung d i e trung co ban cua DVXH nhu sau: HQI 2.1 Dac t n m g , vai tro v i chirc nang cua DVXH Dich vu la nhihig hoat dgng lao dpng mang tinh xa hfii', tao cac san pham hing hda tfin t^i chii y i u dudi hinh thai vfi hinh khfing din dfin vifc chuyfin quyen sd hiiu nham thda Mdl Id, chat Iugng djch vu xa hfli khfing the thuin tiiy dugc danh gia bang gia ca tren thj trudng nhu cac dich vu khac ma chii yfiu duoc xem xet d muc hii Ifing ciia ngudi dan vdi c i tu each ca nhan va cfing dfing x i hfii Hai id hifiu qui ciia hau bet cac dich vu xa kjp thdi cac nbu ciu sin xuat va ddi sflng cua • David W.Pcarce: Tir diin kmh id hpc hi^n dQi Nxb CTQG, H 1999 tr.933-934 ' Trin Vin Chii (chii biSn) Kmli le bgc phdl triin Nxb CTQG.H, l998.tr.244-279 ' Bili Tien Quy (chii bien) Phdt tnin va qudn ly nhd nuac re" kmh te dfch vti Nxb KH va KT H 2000 tr 10- II Trang 41 Science & Technology Development, Vol 18, No Q2 - 2015 hfii khfing chi dupc xem xet d nang tic dfing dfin su phat trifin cua ca nhan dfii tugng thu huong djch vu m i cdn dugc xem xet bdi cic tac ddng gian tifip ddi vdi toan thfi xa hfii: khdng chi thu dugc ket qua lap tuc dien hoat ddng djch vu ma keo dai ca mdt qui trinh sau dd gan vdi chu trinh tnrdng thanli cua ngudi, ciia lao dfing cung nhu sy phat trien xa hfli lanh manh, hai hda Ba la djch vu xa hfii tac ddng dfin ngudi nfin bat luan dich vu xa hfii thuan cdng, khdng thuan cdng ha\ ca nhan thi yeu to dao due, nhan van ludn la cflt loi ciia ket ciiu Bdn Id, djch vu xa hfli bt udc che manh mfi ciia yfiu tfi dao due, nhan van, cho nfin, cac nguyfin tac thi trudng van dung phat trien djch vu xa hgi khong hoan chinli, vai trd ciia Nha nuoc va xa hgi dan su dugc de cao ca to chirc cung ung va quan ly dich vy NCiin Id djch vu xa hpi bj chi phfii bdi yeu to dao ly, nhan vin - nhirng gia tri phfi quat ciia nhan Ioai - cho nfin, phat trien djch vu xa hpi cang dugc quan tam tren cap dp toan ciu vdi sy can dy ciia cac tfi chirc qudc tfi, cac tfi chirc phi chinh phii xuyfin qufic gia Dich vu xa hpi nham dap dng yeu cau phuc vu ddi sdng ngudi v i thuc day phat trifin xa hdi Vi vay, djch vu xa hfii co vai fro Thir nhdi djch vu xa hpi vdi vai tro phuc vu cho ddi sdng ngudi, khfing ngirni; nang cao chat lupng cupc sdng tao nen mdl yiu l6 ''ddu vdo " Ihiic diiy ldng Irtn/ng kinh li bin virng Thir hat djch vu \a hdi phat trifin time ddy phdn cdng lao ddng chuyin man hda lao difiu kien cho ITnh vuc san xuit tang nang suit Iao dpng, dong thdi dap dng nhu ciu cang phong phli vi da dang ciia xa hfii, cua cpng dfing, ciia ca nhin ngudi Thir ba phit trifin dich vu xa hgi tao nhiiu viic Idm thu hiit mpt sd lirgng ldn lao Trang 42 ddng, giim ty If that nghiep nen kinh ti quoc dan Thir lir djch vu xa hfii gdp phdn ihuc hien cdc cbinh vdch xd hgi, dam bdo edng bdng liin bg xd lldi nhu giii phdng phu nir, chim sdc tre em ngudi gia, ngudi yeu the, mo rflng vj the CLia lao dflng tri oc Thu ndm phit trifin djch vu xa hfii keo theo nd liinh thdnh cde Irung lain khoa hoc - cong nghe gido due - ddo Igo, vdn hoa - nghi Ihuiti the thau chuyen nghiep Irinh dd eao, nh&cio thtic day dd lhi hda mang linh cdn bdng vd hai hda hon Thir sau, dich vu xd hdi gdp phdn giir gin hdn sdc van hod ddn lgc h'inh Ihc'inh nlnmg chudn muc gid Iri xd hgi mdi, loai trir nhitng lech chuin \ a hpi, nang cao din iri, hinh ngudi mdi dap ung yeu ciu ciia sy plial trifin xa hpi vSn minh, tifin bfi Dich vu xa hfii cd chirc ning kinh tfi, chinli tri va xahpi nhu sau: CIni-c ndng xa hgr ciing nhu bit cir Ioai hinh dich vu nao, dich vu xa hfli tnrdc hfit co chiic nang phuc vy xa hfii, phuc vu ngiiui gop piiSn quan trpng tao ngudn nhin luc - yiu tfi quyfit dinh hang diu cho sy phit triin xa hpi Chirc ndng kinh le dich vu xa hpi ciing hpp vdi cac lmh vyc djch vu khac tao thinh nganh djch vu Chirc ndng chinh Iri- xa hdi hifn dai, phat trien dich vu xa hdi cdn thi hien no ban chat chinh tri cua tirng thi chi nha nudc theo dudi chu thuyfit nhat djnh 2.2 Phan toai dich vu xa hpi Phan loai DVXH la vin dfi khd khin, phiJrc tap vi pham vi ciia ITnh vyc rit rpng ldn, l^i luon lufin bien ddng Din chua cd each phan loai rfi rang vfi cac loai hinh dich v\\ xi hdi ciing nhu tifiu chf dfi phan djnh djch vu xS TAP CHi PHAT TRIEN KH & CN, TAP 18, S6 Q2 - 2015 hgi, kfi ca nghifin cuu mrdc va nghien ciru vi moi ITnh vyc cd dac trung rifing va da cd ca nudc ngoai Vi vaj, de phuc vu cho nghien cuu quan quan ly nha nudc dac trach theo phan he - ciing nhu tim chinh sach quan ly phai trifin ITnh vyc,, Nhirng phan loai tren day gdp phan phil hgp, dya tren tinh chat xa hfii cua dich vu lam rd thfim khii nifim va ban chat ciia DVXH xa hfii CO thfi phan loai djch vu xa hgi nhu sau; Tuy nhien, sy phan loai tren chi la tuong doi, Phdn loai iheo linh chdl cita dich vii xa hgi: dua theo tinh chat cua djch vu co DVXH thuin cdng, DVXH khfing thuan cfing (a cflng) va DVXH ca nhan Phdn logi Iheo chu lhi cung img DVXHtdn tai ba chij the chinh cung cip DVXH la Nha mrdc tu nhan (thj trudng) va xa hdi dan su Phdn Inai iheo ca che qiicin ly Icii chinh: ve mat nguyen lie, moi dich vu xa hdi deu phai thu tifin cua ngudi su dung, van de la thu tien tryc tiep hay gian lifip ma thdi Theo each phan loai cd the chia cac loai DVXH sau day: dich vu xa hpi khdng thu lien true tifip cua ngudi su dung ma Nha nudc chju trach nhiem tra phi; djch vu xa hpi ma ngudi su dung djch vu phai tra tifin mpt phan; dich vu xa hdi ca nhan ma ngudi tieu dung phai tra tien toan Kp Phdn logi dich vii xti hgi Iheo cue hinh Ihirc dich vu CII ihe, bao gdm: dich vu cham sdc sirc khoe, dich vu giao duc - djio tao, dicli vu van hda - thdng tin - the thao - khoa hoc, dich vu cfing ddng va trp giiip xa hpi, Phdn logi khac- theo pham vi qufic gia quflc te, theo trinh dp cfing nghe theo ca sd phap ly, theo ciip dp quan ly, Mfli each phan loai neu trfin cd y nghTa kliac nghien cdu cung nhu hoach dinh chinh sach quan ly phat tnen DVXH, Cach phan loai theo chu the cung irng va ngufin gdc tai chinh cd y nghTa rat Idn ddi vdi dfii mdi quan ly phit trifin DVXH, nhit la difiu kifin xa hdi hda DVXH d nudc ta hifin Cach phin loai theo cic ITnh vuc djch vu thuan igi cho nghifin cdu, tdng ket, khao sat difiu tra ddi sfing xa hfii nhieu chiing dan xen va lufln lufln thay dfli theo thdi gian va khong gian cu the, khong hoan toan cd dinh 2,3 Npi dung dich vu xa hoi cho ngudi Iao dpng tai cac khu cfing nghiep Dich vu ddo lao gi&i ihieii viic lain Npi dung dao tao nghe cho lao dong duac tuyen vao Iam viec tai cac KCN bao gdm: (i) Irang hi cdc kiin ihirc ly ihuyit cho hpc vien mfit each co he thong ve vific lam tai cac doanh nghifip thudc KCN (ii) ren hiyin cdc ky nang lime hdnh nf^he tnrdc duoc tuyen vao lam tai cac KCN, (ni) ren tuyen Ihdi tde plwng Uini viC'c pham vi nghfi ma hp theo hoc Dich vu nhd vd cdc phurmg hin sinh hogi bdng nginNha d la mpt nhOng nhu cau ca ban cua ngudi, vi the bao dam nha d cho ngudi dan la mfit nhirng van de xa hdi quan trpng "Cd chd d thich hop va an toan ia mpt nhirng quyen co ban, la dieu kien cin thiet dfi phit trien ngirdi moi each toan difin, ddng thdi la nhan to quyet djnh dfi phat tnen ngudn nhan luc phyc vu cho su nghiep phat Irifin dat mrdc" Dich vy y le chum soc sirc khoe Cham sdc y te tao co' hoi cho NLD co dugc tinh trang siic khoe tot han tham gia vao lhi trudng lao dpng, gdp phan thuc hifin cfing bing xa hgi, tifin bfi va phat trifin ngudi Dich vu vdn lioa ihi ihao, vui chai gicii Iri Van hoa khdng chi dap iing niui cau xay dyng nfin tang tinh thin cho xa hoi phat triin sirc khde the chit va sirc khde thin kinh cho Trang 43 Science & Technology Development, Vol 18, No Q2 - 2015 ngudi lao ddng Iim vifc tai cac KCN, ma -cdn nhifiu nha nghifin cuu da cfi ging chirng minh gdp phan tri x i hdi trat ty, dn djnh de tinh hieu qua ciia bg thang SERVQUAt Bp phit trifin Dich vu nhd Ire tru&ng hgc eho eon NLD Do die difim ve tufii vi linh trang nhin thang nhim ludng sy cam nhgn vi dich vu thflng qua nam thinh phin chit lugn" djch vu, bao gdm: tin edy ddp ung nang lire phuc vu ddng cdm vd phircmg ti^n liihi hlnh khau nen nha tre, Iruoiig hgc cho NLD lam Bfi thang SERVQUAL gfim phin, mfii viec tai cac KCN la van de can dugc quan tam phan chua 22 thang Phin thu nhit nhim giai quyit he thong DVXH cho NLD iam xic djnh ky vgng ciia khach hang dfii vdi chit vifc d khu vyc niy lupng ciia mgt loai hinh djch vu cy thi (ma 2.4 C i c chi lieu danh gia su- p h i t trien djch vu x i h$i cho nguoi lao dfing tai c i c KCN khdng chi ro cua doanh nghifip nao); nghta li khfing quan tam din mpt doanh nghifp cy thfi nio ca, ngudi dugc phdng vin cho bifit mirc mong mudn ciia hp dfii vdi ban than djch vy Sy phit trifin DVXH cho NLD tpi cac KCN dugc lufing khfing chi bdi chit lugng ciia DVXH CO bin duac cung cip mi cdn duac dinh gii dya yfin so doi tupng duoc tifip can vdi cac hinh thirc DVXH Nfii each khac, d i dinh gii sy phat trifin DVXH cung cip cho NLD tai cac KCN, ngudi ta su dung c i cac chi tieu djnh tinh va djnh lugng Cdc chi lliu dinh tinh Chil Iugng la tfing thi cac die diim v i die tinh cua mfit san phim hoic djch vu, cd anh hudng din kha ning ciia no thfia man dugc nhitng nhu ciu dugc neu Chit lugng dupc ludng bdi sy thfia mJln nhu ciu Cd rit nhifiu cich thdc dfi dinh gii chit lucmg ciia djch vu, ching h?n nhu ngudi ta su dung md hinh Gronroos (1984) vdi hai hgp phin d i dinh gia chit lugng djch vu, (i) chdl lugng ky Ihugt, dd la nhQng gi ma khach hang nh$n dugc va (ii) chdl hrgng chirc ndng, difin giii djch vu dugc cung cip nhu thi nao Khi ndi din chit lugng dich vu, ngudi ta khdng thi nio khfing d i cap dfin mfi hinh SERVQUAL ciia Parasuraman va cdng sy (1988, 1991, 1993) Khi bp thang°'do SERVQUAL dupc cong bfi da cd nhnng tranh luin vfi vin dfi Iam thfi nio d i ludng chit Iugng djch vu tfit nhit Sau gin hai thap ky, Trang 44 dang d i ciip ma thfii Phin thu hai nhiin xac dinh edm nhdn ciia khich hang vfi chit Iupng djch vu doanh nghifip khao sat cung cip Kfil qua khao sit nhim chi khoang cich giOa cdm nhdn ciia khich hang vfi chit lugng djch vu doanh nghifp cung cap va ky vgng ciia khich hang dfii vdi chit Iupng djch vy dfi Vdi quan difim dd thi Chdl lirgng dich v{i = Muc dg edm nhdn - Gid Iri ky vgng Dya tren cac kifim tra thuc nghifim va cac nghifin ciru IJ thuyit khac nhau, Parasuraman va cflng sy khSng dinh ring bg thang SERVQUAL li mdt dyng cy ludng chit lugng djch vu tin CEiy va chlnh xic (Parasuraman v i cfing sy,1988, 1991, 1993) Hp cung khing dinh ring bp thang cd the ting dung eho cac ngU cinh djch vy khac nhau, mac dii cin phai difin dat Iai v i / ho$c them vii thang Thang d i dugc sir dung rflng rai (Buttle, 1996; Robinson, 1999) Tuy nhifin, nhiiu nhi nghifin cdu cung dS nhin manh sy inh hudng ddc lap ciia mirc dp cam nhan vao vifc danh gia chit lugng dich vy v i dal vin d i xem xet lai md hinh khoing cich lim CO sd cho vific danh gia chit lugng djch vy (Carmen, 1990; Bolton va Drew, 1991; Babakus v i Boiler, 1992; Cronin v i Taylor, 1992) Cronin v i Taylor (1992) vdi mfi hlnh SERVPERF kit luan ring muc dg edm nhgn TAP CHI PHAT TRltN KH & CN, TAP 18, S6 Q2 - 2015 cua khach hang doi vdi sy cung cap dich vu hifn tai cua doanh nghiep phdn dnh tdt nhdt chdt tirgng dfch vu doanh nghifp cung cap, va ky vgng ciia khach hang khdng nim khii nifm Theo mfl hinh SERVPERF thi Chdl Itrgng dfch vu = Muc cdm nhgn Tir nhiing kit qua nghien cuu thyc nghifm, Cronin va Taylor (1992) kit luan ring diang SERVPERF (chi ed muc edm nhdn) thyc hien tot hon bat ky cdng cu ludng chat Iugng djch vu nio khac Su tdt hon cua bp thang SERVPERF so vdi bp thang SERVQUAL di dugc chiing minh nhifiu nghien ciru ctia nhieu ^c gii nhu McAlexander va cfing sy (1994), Halm va cgng sy (1997), Avkiran (1999), Lee va cpng sy (2000), Brady va cpng sy (2002) Nguyin Huy Phong vi Pham Ngpc Thuy bii bio "SERVQUAL hay SERVPERF - Mgt nghifin cihi so sanh nginh sifiu thj bin le Vift Nam"* (dang tren Tap chi "Khoa hgc vi Cfing nghe" sfi nim 2007) cung khing dinh (I) su dung md hinh SERVPERF se cho kit qud tdi han md hinh SERVQUAL va (2) ban cau- hdi theo md hlnh SERVPERF ngdn ggn han so vdi SERVQUAL nen khfing giy nhim chan va mat thdi gian cua ngudi dugc phdng van Vi nhihig ly neu tren nen bifn nay, nhifiu nha khoa hgc uu lifin sir dung bfl thang SERVPERF Cac phin va biin quan sat cua thang SERVPERF dugc giiJ nhu thang SERVQUAL, va chi ludng sy cam nhin cua khach hang, bd qua ky vong Mfi hinh ludng dugc ggi Ii mfl hinh cam nhan "hop y/www.google.com vn/url?saF=t&rct=3 &q^tesrc=s&fr m= I &sourcc=wcb&cd= I &sqi=2&ved=0CBsQFj AA&ur l=http%3A 2r^%2Fwww.vniilib.edu.vn%3A8000%2Fdspace%2Fbits iream%2F123456789%2F2977%2Fl%2FscdevO80703 pdiaei=MxkVL_70caliniQXJYHwCA&usg=AFQ|CNEKT3v I cKOBjCBnuYEaqCl izzIZ Q4sig2^BlS5ha3bkAzmW Q3mzXyVA SERVPERF Chit lupmg DVXH cho l^LD Iim vifc tai cac KCN la tfing thfi cac cie die diem vi die ttnh ma cac DVXH niy dem dfin cho hp nhihig thfia mSn vfi nhu c§u Nhu di trinh bay d trfin, chat Iugng DVXH cho NLD lam vifc tai cic KCN dugc ludng bdi tifiu chi: (i) Sy tin cay; (ii) Sy dap img; (lii) Ning luc phuc vy; (iv) Sy dong cam: (v) Phuong tifn hiiu hinh; voi 22 Ihang dfi xem xet cim nhan ciia nhdm dfii tugng vdi toan bg cac DVXH ma hg la ddi tugng thu huong Cdc chi tieu dinh lucrng Nfiu nhu cac chi tifiu djnh linh su dung nhinig tifiu chi lifin quan den cim nhin eua dfli tugng thu hudng vfi chit lugng cic DVXH ma hg dupc tiep can thl cac chi tifiu djnh Iugng dugc sir dung de luong sfi Iugng NLD Iam viee tai cac KCN dugc tifip cin vdi cac loai hinh DVXH cung cap cho nhimg dfii tupng (1) Dieh Vll ddo tgo, gi&i thieu viee ldm, huong nghifp nang cao ky nang nghe, chi tifiu djnh Iugng ludng dya tren: So Iugng NLD dang Iam vifc tai cic KCN da tham gia cic khda dao tao nghfi tai cac trung tam hudng nghifip va gidi thifu vifie lam trudc hp dugc tuyfin vio lim vifc tai cac KCN; Sd Iugng NLD tim dugc vife lam tai cae KCN den sii dung djch vu tu vin, gidi diifu vifc Iam ciia nhirng trung tSm niy, (2) Dieh vu nhd & vd edc phuang tiin sinh hogt hdng ngdy: chi tieu djnh Iugng dugc sii dung de ludng bao gfim: Sfl Iugng NLD dugc sd hihi nha, thue nha; Sd Iugng NLD dugc sir dung difin sinh boat theo muc gia quy dinb cua 7^lha nudc; Trang 45 S c i e n c e & T e c h n o l o g y Developmeirt, Vol 18, N o Q2 - Sfl lugng NLD dugc su dung mrdc miy 1.226 du an diu tu hifu lyc vdi tdng sfl theo muc gia quy djnh ciia Nha nudc dfi phyc vfln dau tu dang ky li 7,09 ty USD Trone dd vu sinh hoat hang ngay,.„ 484 dy an cd von dau tu nudc ngoai (39,5%) (3) Djch vtiy te vd chdm sdc sirc khde, chi tifiu djnh lugng dimg dfi ludng la: dy an dau tu vfin dau tu nudc (60,5%) vdi vfin diu tu ding ky ia 4,28 ty USD va 742 vdi vdn diu tu 43.173,32 ty dflng (tuong duong Sfi lugng NLD dugc tham gia BHYT; Sfi lugng NLD dupc kham sirc khde trudc vio lim viec lai cac KCN va djnh ky hang nim; 2.81 ty USD) Tinh din thing nim 2014, tfing sd lao dong cac khu cong nghiep tai TP HCM khoing 269,8 ngin ngudi Trong lao dfing na la 159,9 ngin ngudi (ty If 59,2%),, Iao ddng ngoai tinh la 179,9 ngan ngudi (ty lfi Sfl CO sd kham chira bfnh dugc xiy dyng tai cac KCN de chim sdc, dieu trj bfinh cho NLD qui trinh Iam vifc tai day; Cac phuong thuc de dam bao sue khde cho NLD, 66.7%) Lao dfing lam viec tai cac doanh nghiep nudc la 76,9 ngan ngudi (ty lfi 28,5%), lao dpng lain vifie cac doanh nghifp cd vfin dau tu nudc ngoai li 192,9 ngan ngudi (ty le 71,5%) Vdi ngufln nhan lyc ldn lam viec tai cac KCN trfin dia ban TP HCM, (4) Dich vu vdn hda, thi thao gidl tri chi tifiu djnh lupng dimg de ludng li: nhu ciu dich vu xa hdi cho ngudi lao dfing rit So Iugng NLD dugc tham gia vao cic hoat dpng vin hda the thao, vui chai giai tri tai nai hp sinh hoat; dpng tai cac khu cfing nghiep d TP HCM ldn va ngiy cang cao Thyc trang vi dich vu xa Kha nang tifip can vdi van hfia thfing tin thdi gian nghi ngoi ngoai gid lam vice (5) Dich vu nhd tre trudng hoe cho eon NLD, chi tifiu djnh Iugng dimg dfi ludng la sd CO sd nha yfi, truong hpc dugc cac KCN xay dyng dfi phyc vu chim sdc trfi nhd, NLD lim viec tgi cac KCN THVC TRANG VE DjCH \\) XA HQI CHO N G U d l LAO BQNC T^l CAC KCN TREN BIA BAN TP H CHi MINH Theo so lieu thdng kfi cua Cue Thflng ke TP HCM dfin 31 thing 12 nim 2014 tren dia ban TP HCM cd 24 KCN Cic KCN hifin cd Trang 46 hpi v i phat trifin djch vy xa hgi cho ngudi lao thdi gian qua duac thfi hifn nhu sau: 3.1 Doi vdi djch vu d i o taio, nang cao trinh dp cua N L B Dich vy lifin quan dfin gidi thifiu viec Iam cho NLD tai cic KCN cdn rit han chfi Kit qua dieu tra cho thiy ty If lao dfing vio lam vific tai cic KCN dudi su hfl trg ciia cic trung tam hudng nghifp v i gidi thifu vifc Iim, hay thflng qua cac phuong tifin thfing tin dai chiing chi chiim mfit ty lfi rat nhd, chua that sy mang Iai hifu qua nhu mong dgi, vifc hfi trg cua Nhi nudc chi mang tinh hinh thdc, chit lugng dao tao cung nhu co ciu nganh nghi dao tao vin chua dap iing yfiu c i u tuyin dyng TAP CHi PHAT TRIfiN KH & CN, TAP 18, S6 Q2 - 2015 B i n g Sir d u n g c i c kSnh gidi thi^u viec lam cOa NLf) dang lam viec tai cac KCN tren dia ban T P H Chi Minh ;: KSNH G i d l T H l f U V B f C L A M SO LirONG (ngirM) Nguoi thjijl, ban be TY L f % 135 61,4% Doanh nghidp 2,3% Tir trung tam gioi tbieu viec lam 2,7% Tir cac phuong tien tiiong tin dat chiing 2,7% 68 30,9% Tir tim viec Ngudn: Kit qud dteu Ira ciia ldc gid tgi cdc KCN iren dia bdn TP Hd Chi Mtnh 3.2 Doi vdi dich vu nha d v i dicu kicn sinh dang kfi long sd lao ddng dugc difiu tra Nhin chung, vifc xay dyng nha luu tru giii quyfit chfi d cho NLD da dugc cac cip, cac nganh quan tam nhung chua diing mire, dd, phan Ion NLD van phai time nha lu nhdn v&i dieu kien sdng kho khdn, cht phi eao ho^t hing ng^y Ket qua difiu tra cho thay khfing cfi mfit Iao dfing nao, kfi ca lao dpng ngoai tinh dang sflng nhd gia dinh nguoi than, hg hang ho di vao lam vific tai cac KCN; sfl lao dflng cd the mupn dugc chfi d Nhi nudc cung cip chiem ty If rat nhfi, khfing B i n g Thyc tr?ng sd hiiu n h i d ciia NLB lam viee t?i c i c KCN Dem vi: ngudi GKjlTfNH HONNHXN'^-' / HOXHAU III Da l i p gia dinh 37 33 25 45 65 N h i cua hp hing ngu6fi than cho muon 0 0 0 Nha thue ciia n h i mroc 2 0 63 83 94 52 40 106 O HINHTHtrcSOHCtJ Nam Nir "Then, -'t * Nha neng cua ban than gia dinh Nha thue ciia tu nhan N h i khac TSng so HCM Ngoai tinli 1 I 1 103 117 122 98 106 114 Nguon: Ket qud diiu Ira eiia Idc gid lat cdc KCN Iren dia bdn TP Hd Chi Minh 33 Boi vdi dich vu y t i vd chSm sdc sd-c khde Kham tuyen, kham siic khfie dinh ki cho NLD l i mgt nhdng ngi dung lien quan quan tam Tuy nhifin, sd KCN cfi c o sd y tfi van hanh lai rat ban chfi Sfi NLD dugc kham sue khfie djnh ky chi chifim khoang tir 2 % din % so vdi tfing sfl lao dfing d i n djch vy chim sdc y te dugc doanh nghifip Trang 47 S c i e n c e & T e c h n o l o g y Development, Vol 18, N o Q2 - Bing An toin lao ddng va ve sinh thuc phSm t^i cdc doanh nghiep thu^c cic KCN Dent vi: ngudi GIOjllNHf Nam So ddi tuong An toan ve sinh thiic pham H6 tro chi phi an theo ca Nli- 'X^^^^ fff'HOKHAD.jl Chira lap gia dinh Bilfp gia dinh HCM Ngoji tinh 103 in 122 98 106 114 99 109 117 91 100 IDS 103 117 122 98 106 114 Ngudn: Kit qud diiu tra cua tdc gid tai cdc KCN trin dia bdn TP Hd Chi Minh 3.4 Djch vu van hda, thfi thao, vui choi giii tri Hifin cfi 03 KCN da xiy dung va dua vao hoat dfing Trung tam sinh hoat cfing nhan la KCX Tan thuan, KCN Hiep Phudc va KCX Linh Trung I Sy tham dy ciia NLD nhap cu doi vdi cac tfi chuc doan thfi tai dja phuong la rit han chfi, chi khoing 12-20% lao dflng nh§p cu lam vific tai cic KCN tham gia sinh hoat t^ii khu tap thfi din cu, noi cong c$ng Dfi ning cao ddi sdng vin hfia tinh thin, NLD chii yiu quanh quin nha, phong trg hay nhi b^n be Cd tdi % tham gia sinh ho?it vin hda t?i nha rifing, nhi ban be Bieu I Kha n i n g t h a m gia hoat dpng ciing cac tfi chuc doan t h i t^i noi d ciia NLD Iim viec tai cac KCN Ngudn: Kit qud diiu Ira cita tdc gid tai cdc KCN trin dia bdn TP Hd Chl Mlnh Nhin Chung, dich vu van hda, thfi thao, vui choi giai tri v i chim lo cho NLD dip til Am Ijch duoc cac don vi phdi hgp thirc hien tuang ddi ldt Tuy nhien, vai trfi cua cic tfl chirc doin thi nai NLD sinh sfing cdn khd md nhgt viec huy dfing NLD tham gia vao Trang 48 c i c hoat dfing sinh boat tap thi 3£ Dich vy nha tre, trudng hpc cho em NLD Vdi sfi lugng lorp hpc d cie trudng cfing lip han che, dd sfi Iugng hpc sinh TAP CHi PHAT TRI^N KH & CN, TAP 18, S6 Q2 - 2015 tuoi di hgc lai cao, cpng them vific dfi dugc ding ky theo hpc tai cac trudng cfing lap thi gia dinh phai cd hd khiu thudng tru hoic tam tni dii ban tgi dja bin Vi viy, vific cho theo hpc tai cic trudng efing lap ciia nhdm dfii tupng lao dfing di cu den Iam vifc tai cie KCN d TP Ho Chi Minh gap rat nhieu khd khin; da sfi hp phai sdng xa con, giri lai cho dng, hi nfli, ngoai hoic nhd ngudi than nudi nang, chim sdc nfin di hgc d que Bang Tinh trang theo hgc cac trudng phfi thfing cua NLD tai cac KCN tren dja ban TP H6 Chf Minh Dem vi: ngtr&i , THEO HOC TAI cAC TOtTCING: J PH6TH6NiG H$ khia c6z Soita^g c6 gia dinh vi co di h^c HCM Co theo hpc cr tiu6ng Cong lip Co theo hpc trudng din lap Tong so ^ i tirfug c6 gia dlhh vi c6 di hpe Ngoai tinh S3 56 42* 98 61 ('}- Nhicu gia dinh girt lai cho ong bdnQi ngoai hogc nh& nguai than nuoi ndng chdm soc nen di hgc O que Ngudn: Kei qud dieu Ira cua tde gid Igi cdc KCN Iren dia bdn TP Ho Chi Minh Nhu vay, mac dii phfl dd eo str quan ldm din dich vu nhd tre cho NLD, nhifin sy quan tam mdi cht dung lai d chu irtrang, chua dirge trien Ichai dong bd DANH GIA TAC DQNG CUA PHAT TRIEN DVXH CHO NLD T^I CAC KCN TREN D|A BAN TP HO CHJ MINH 4.1 f)6i vdi ngudi lao d^ng Su thay ddi Irong In ndng nghi cua NLD: Tic dflng ciia qua trinh dao tao nghe dfii voi vifc phit trien ky ning nghe cua NLD vao lam vifc cic KCN Ii rit han chi Bieu Tinb tr^ng NLD d3 tham gia cJc kbda dio t^o ngbe ivrtfc sir duing bdi cic doanh nghiep frgn dja bkn TP H6 Chf Minh • Ddo tgo t r u d c vao Idr B Vi$c ldm dOng trinh dQ chuyfin m o n c u a n g i / a i d i r c c d3 dao tao LOKT, can s i / , chuyen uen Ngudn: Kit qud dieu tra cua tde gid lgi cdc KCN tren dia bdn TP Hd Cht Minh Trang 49 Science & Technology Development, Vol 18, No Q2-2015 Sif biin ddi ti Ihu nhdp vo lich liiy cia KCN a TP.HCM nam 2013 la 3,8 irieu NLD lam viic tai cac KCN: Thu nhip binh VND, nhien cQng Co nhiing nguoi co thj quin thing cua d6i topng dupc d i k tra tai cic dat miic 14 trifu VND /thing Bleu Thu nbap v i chi tl£u ciia NLD l i m vifc tai c i c KCN tren dia b i n TP.HCM 14 14 1 12 la 10 ll -' • Tfing thu nhap mpt thine II • -M^-• • Tong so tten chi dio bSn than mot Ihdng 3,8 i^ Thu nh^p thap nhat Uii^ Thu nh^pcao Thu nhSp trung binh Ngudn: Kit qud diiu tra ciia tdc gid lai edc KCN trin dia hdn TP Hd Chi Minh Khi ning tich luy cOa lao dflng dang lam ro v^ tii chinh cao nbat la lao dfing di cu va vifc tai cic KCN tren dja ban TP Hfi Chi Minh nhfim sfing cimg gia dinh Ngupc lai, nhom gSp theo theo cic nhom tiSu chi ciing rit da dang nii ro tai chinh it nhat va cfi kha ning tich luy Nhfim Iao dpng Iam vifc tai cic KCN gip nii cao nh^t la nhom lao d$ng ban dja B i n g K h i n3ng tfch ifiy eiia NLB ldm vifc tai cdc KCN DblTlTiJfNG Khong c6 tfdi my, p h i i di vay d^ ' , tri sinh ho^t '.' HCM Tich liiy t6i da 2; trifn d/thing Tich liiy t6i t h i l u trfn trifu d/thing T6ng' 9,4% 67,0% 23,6% 100% Ngoai tinh 15,2% 66,1% 18,7% 100% Di lip gia dinh 15,7% 63,6% 20,7% 100% 8,3% 69.8% 21,9% 100% Hp khau Chua lip gia dinh Ngudn: Kit qud diiu tra ctia tdc gid Igi cdc KCN tren dia bdn TP Hd Chl Minh Sir gdn bd vdi doanh nghiip: Tich IQy khong cao, them vio NLD lam vifc tai cac KCN gip nhigu khfl khin lien quan dfin viec ding ky hfi khiu, chfi fi, chfl hpc cho cung nhu cic phuong tien phuc vu sinh hoat hang nen su gin bo lau dii cua NLD voi cac KCN tren dja bin TP Hfi Chi Minh khfing cao Trang 50 4.2 Doi voi c i c doanh nghifp t^i cic KCN Gdp phdn ldm tdng Igri nhudn eiia doanh nghiip Igi cdc KCN: Vifc xay dirng nha o, chim soc y ti, hfl trg tiSn in giOa ca, khong chi dupc khiu trir vio gia thinh san xuit ciia TAP CHi PHAT TRltN KH & CN, TAP 18, S6 Q2 - 2015 doanh nghiep o cac KCN theo quy djnh hifn Chay ket qua hfii quy Binary voi cac bien hanh cua Luat thufi TNDN, ma no dam bio dpc lap v i phu thupc neu tren, ta co dupc duge siJc khfie cho nhom dfli tupng thuc phuong trinh phan anh su on dinh ve nhan sir hien c i c boat dong ting ca, hoin nhiing ciia Iao dpng phu thupc vao c i c yeu to nha o, hpp dflng da ky kflt vori dfii tic theo ka hoach hoa nhip v i theo hpc ciia cii nhu sau: Chinh dieu niy la nhiJng yeu to co ban dfi gop phin lim ling them Ipi nhuan cho cac doanh nghifp su dung NLD o cic KCN tren dja ban TP Hfl Chi Minh thoi gian vira qua G&p phdn dn dinh nhdn sir doi v&i cdc doanh nghiip lai edc KCN: Trong khung ly ihuyfit nghien ciru chi cfi hpp phin DVXH co bin cin phai giiii quyet de dap img nhu cau sflng ciia NLD chuyen vao Iam vifc tai cac KCN Tuy nhien, nhung phan tich o tren ta thay ring viec dio tao, hudng nghifp chua phit huy dupe hifu qui boi Iao dflng dii co tham gia cac khoa dao tao truoc o ben ngoai thi dupc tuyen vao lim vifc tai cac doanh nghiep c i c KCN vin chii ylu li Iao dpng phfi thflng Dfii voi tinh trang chim soc sue khfie, ket qua dieu tra eho thiy phin Ion NLD iim viec o cac KCN co su suy giim siic khfie theo thcri gian Chinh vi the hai biin se khflng duoc sir dung qua trinh thuc hien bai loan hoi quy de tinh toin mirc dfi fin djnh ciia nhan su doi vdi cac doanh nghifp tai cic KCN tren dia ban TP Hfi Chi Minh Xet ham hfii qui: Co«l,nh= f(Cnh.o, Chouilup Cconhoc) tTOUg dfi: CoBdini,: Sir g i n bo ciia NLD vori cic doanh nghifp thupc KCN Cntoo' Dieu kifn nhi hien ciia NLD tai cac KCN so vdi truoc day ChMHiup Viec NLD o cic KCN dupc hoa nhap sinh ho^t vin hoa, vin nghe voi khu vuc song/doanh nghifp Cond,nh= - 5 C„h, -6.26Cho.„hap5.54 C™„w Theo ket qua cua mfi hinh tren, nhan thay su fin dinh ciia NLD Iam viec tai cac KCN co mfii quan he nguoc chieu voi dieu kifn nha a, kha nang hoa nhap voi cic hoat dfing van hfia, tinh than tai ncri sfing v i kha nang cho theo hpc o bac phfl thong ciia nhfim dfli tupng niy Noi mflt cich cu the hon, neu nha o khflng dupc dam bao, su hoa nhap vao cac hoat dpng nhim nang cao doi sfing tinh than cung nhu dieu kien cho theo hoc o bac phfi thfing khflng duoc dim bio thi tinh trang on dinh ve nhan su ciia cac KCN se giam va nguoc lai Trong ba yeu tfi tren thi su hoa nhap cua NLD voi cfing dong hp sinh sfing co inh hufing quan trpng nhat den su fin dinh ve mat nhan sy cua cac doanh nghigp tai cic KCN tren dja ban TP Hfi Chi Minh 4.3 Doi voi sir phat trien bSn vung ciia TP Hh Chi Minh Ddng gop cho lung tru&ng kinh li eiia TP Hd Chi Minh ndi chung vd ede KCN ndi riing: Dim bao DVXH cho NLD Iam viec tai cac KCN khfing chi dim bao tang truoTig loi nhuan ciia doanh nghiep dai han ma gop phan tang ngan sach ciia dia phucmg tir cac khoin dong gop ciia doanh nghiep Cdp phdn thdc day chuyin dich ea cdu lao dgng Gdp phdn ldm gia tdng tinh Irang mdl an ninh vd nhiim moi Iru&ng Ctonhoc • Vifc tim truong cho theo hoc ciia NLD Iim vifc tai cac KCN so vcri truofc day Trang 51 Science & Technology Development, Vol 18, No Q2 - 2015 DANH GIA VE PHAT TRIEN DVXH Ddi v&i dich vu vdn hda, the thao vui chai CHO NLD TAI CAC KCN TREN DIA BAN giai tri: Doi sflng vin hfia, tinh than cua NLD TP H O C H i MINH da duoc cai thifn S.L Nhu-ng t h i n h tuu chii ylu Doi v&i dich vij ddo Igo ndng cao Irinh dd NLD- phin dflng NLD deu c6 ky nang ngha tflt hon sau mfit thoi gian lam vifc tai cac KCN, ty le phfl biin lir 73% d6n 79% Ddi vdi dieh \ti nhd a vd cdc diini kien sinh hogi hdng ngdy: Nhu ciu nha fir ciia NLD lam vifc tai cac KCN tren dia ban TP Hfi Chi Minh hien phin ldn duoc giai quyet theo gia ca thj truong va khu vuc tu nhan hien dang giai quyit tfit van de Khoang 1/3 sfi dfii tupng dupc diiu tra cho ring mic dii nhieu khfi khan vi nha vi dieu kifn sfing nhung hien lEii ciia hp la tfit hon so voi thoi gian hp chua vio lam viec tai cac KCN ciia phfi, phin dfing cho ring tinh trang khfing thay dfli, chi cfl mft so it (tir 4% den 13%) than phien rang tinh trang cfi xu hufing xau di Ddt vdi dich vu y ti cham sdc sirc khoe: NLD khfing nhiJng cfi co hfii tiep can vfli cac boat dpng khim chira bfnh dinh ky thfifi gian lam vifc tai doanh nghifp, ma cfin duoc t^o dieu kien hfl tro mirc kinh phi dong gfip de so hOu the BHYT nhim dupc giam bot chi phi cham soc sirc khfie lai cic co sd y te chip nhin the BHYT Ben canh do, su quan tim ciia chinh quyen dia phuong da thuc diy su hinh ciia mfit so co so chim sflc y tfi tgi cac KCN Doi v&i dich vtt nhd Ire Iruang hgc cho NLD lai cae KCN: Gin day TP Hfi Chi Minh da phfii hpp voi So Giao due va Dao tgo vi cac Cfing ty phit trien tang KCN lya chpn dia diim xay dyng nha tre tai cic KCN nhu Tan Thugn, Linh Trung I va 2, VTnh Loc, Tin Tao Hiep Phuoc Trong do, da thyc hien ban giao I dia diim (ting tret nha luu trii cong nhan KCN Hiep Phudfc) cho Huyen Nha Be lam co scr cua Truong mam non cflng lip Dflng Xanh Cac truong mam non d i dang va se tiep tuc hfi trp giai quyet cac van de tre nhfi dfii voi cong nhan dang lim vifc cac KCN niy, tao diiu kien fln dinh tinh than va tam ly iam viec ciia ho tai cac KCN tren dia bin thinh phfi 5.2 Nhirng h^n che chu yeu Mirc dg liip cgn cdc dfch vit cdn thdp Chi CO 1/2 so dfii tupng duoc phfing van da tham gia cac khoa dao tao truo'c vao lam viec tai cac KCN; sfi dfii tupng tim dupc viec lam duoi sy gidi thifu ciia cac trung tam hucmg nghiep chi chiem mpt ty If rat nhfl, vifc dao tao chua dap irng dupc nhu cau thyc te ciia doanh nghifp, NLD da dupc dao tao chuyen mon, ky thuat nhung lim viec thuc te tai doanh nghifp vin phai dio tao lai de phii hpp voi nhu ciu cflng viec Ty le NLD dupe cac doanh nghiep bo tri chfl rat hgn che tien dp xay dung cac NLD tai cac KCN tren dia ban phfl dupc sir dung nhi in tip thi tai doanh nghifp sau ca lim vifc vcri chit lucmg ve sinh, an toin thyc phim dupc quin ly tuong dfii sat'sao nen tinh trang ngfi dflc thuc an khflng nhifiu Ngoii ra, hiu hit NLD diu dupc trang bi cac thiet bj bio hf lao dpng cin thiit di han chi den mirc tfii da cac tac dflng tieu cyc tir mfii truong Iim vifc din tinh trang sue khfie cua hp Trang 52 dy in luu trii cho cflng nhan cham, mfit so dy an g^p kho khin vS vfln, Tai cic KCN, mic dii kha ning tifip can cac dich vu y t i cua NLD da duoc cai thifn, nhien nhiiu doanh nghiep "phot io" cic quy djnh khim chita bfnh v i BHYT cua Nhi nuoc Cfi toi tren duoi 70% sfl dfii tugng duac phong vin cho ring tinh trang sue khoe cua hp xau di TAP CHI PHAT TRI^N KH & CN, TAP 18, S6 Q2 - 2015 so voi tnrdc vio Iim viec tai cac KCN Mac dil doi sfing van hfia, tinh thin ciia ciia NLD di cu thinh phfl tai cac KCN hien 5.3 Nguyen nhan nhirng han che phat trign DVXH eho NLD tai cae KCN Mui inr&ng phdp ly vd ca che chlnh sdch da dupc cai thifn rit nhieu so voi nhirng nim chua dong bg truoc diy, nhien muc dp cai thien chua that Nhimg nim qua N h i nuoc v i Thanh phfi d i ban hinh nhiiu chinh sach cung ung djch vu nhi o cho NLD, nhien vin chua dii manh, khfi thyc hifn, chua dii sirc tic dfing den cac doanh nghifp de khien hp quan tam thoa dang den vifc dau tu xay dyng nhi o cho NLD KCN Chinh vi vay, dim bao nha o dfii vat NLD lam viec tai cic KCN gap nhieu khfi khan sy cao boi cic co so tang x i hfli, cac thiet che van hfia chua hinh ihanh c i c KCN Dieu dang quan tim la cfing nhan lao dong dinh gii su quan tam ve doi song tinh thin tir Ban quan Iy cac KCN cao hon so voi su quan tam lir cCia doanh nghiep va cic tfi chirc xa hpi kliic Do difiu kien cfing vifc chiem nhieu thoi gian v i hoan canh sfing khfi khin, them vao hiu bet c i c KCN deu chua co nha tre cho cfing nhin, rao can vin dfi hp khiu nen co toi 76,2% NLD Iam viec tai cic KCN phii gui cho gia dinh nguoi than chim sfic nuoi duong Doi voi Ire nho theo hpc bac thong thi NLD nhap cu lam viec tai cac KCN CO thai gian di chuyen tir nhi den trucmg cao hon lin so vori nhom tre em la cua c i c gia dinh bin dja sinh sfing tren dia ban Chdt hrang cdc DVXH chua eao Hau bet c i c tieu chi danh gia chit Iupng cac DVXH diu chua cao, cu the: Trong ITnh vyc y te nhieu han che nhu viec khfing tuan thii hoac man thii khfing hoin toan chinh sach ve cac khoan bao hiem bit bufic Trong cac chinh sach giao due va dao tao dfii voi NLD han che Ion nhat la sy long teo cac quy djnh khung hoc phi va cac khoan thu khac da lam cho chi phi giio due, kc ca giao due mam non tro thinh ginh ning doi vai nhieu NLD Ben canh dfi, dfii vai NLD hien van dang cfin chju nhieu khfi khan, i p luc tir chinh sach hfi khiu, giy thiet thoi cho ban thin NLD va ciia hp Nguoi Iao dpng Iam vifc tai cac KCN cam nhan chdt lupng DVXH ma hp nhan dupcve su lin cgy v i sir ddp ung chi dat trung binh tir 1,8 den 2,7 diem Danh gia c i c tieu cbi phan anh ndng lire Sir Iham ^lu cua doanh nghiip sir dung lao dgng lgi cue KC.\ rdo cung irng cdc DVXH chtra nhiiu hifu qua kinh te dau tu vio ITnh vuc niy khong cao va chua cfi che tai du manh doi voi cac ben lien quan phuc Vll .su ddng cdm va cde tiiu chl the hien phinmg lien hiru hinh ciia ben cung ung djch vu \a hpi CO kit qua cao hem: trung binh tir 2,1 diem den 3,6 diem {Ngudn diiu tra ciia Idc gid Cho diim lir I din 5: I Id rdt ihdp cdn Id cao nhdi) Td chirc quan ly, phdi hgp cdc ehtrang irinli kiim tra gidm ••dl cua Nhd nir&e vd su tham gia cua cdc Id chuc cdng dodn ehua chdl che: cfing lac tfl chirc quan Iy cung img DVXH chua dong deu, thieu ca che, chinh sach rang bufic Hoat dpng kiem tra giam sat cung iing DVXH Iflng leo, chua chit che, bifn phap che lai chua du manh Hoat dpng ciia cac tfl chirc cong doin chua deu hieu qua dat dupc chua cao Trang 53 Science & Technology Development, Vol 18, No Q2 - 2015 Nhdn Ihirc xd hgi chira cao, ke ca til' phia cac co quan quan Iy nha nuo^c, tir phia cac doanh nghifp vi tir phia NLD KET LU^N VA KIEN NGH! 6.L Kit luin DVXH la mfit ITnh vuc giir vai tro rit quan trpng Uong qua trinh phat trien xa hpi va quan Iy phat triin x i hpi No gin liin bing mfli quan hf htiu ca tuang tic vfi-i phat trien xa hfii, chiing khflng tach ro^i v i phii thupc lin Tuy CO mfli quan he tuong tic vfli quan ly phat triin xa hfii, nhung DVXH la ciu nfii va khau cufli ciing chuyin tai nhirng kit qua quin ly phit triin xa hfli din timg nguai, thyc hiSn muc tieu cufli cimg ciia quin ly phat tnen xa liuy, cai gi la sai can loai trir, dang pliai tiep tuc thli nghifm qua thyc tieii' Nhiing gi c6 thi coi li ly thuyet ve DVXH co thfl neu mm la nhin thiic d i dat toi dupc cii nguflng ciia hfim Cimg vai sy phil trien ciia thirc tien, nfl sg dupc dieu chinh, bfi sung, phat trien 6.2 Kiin nghi Thit nhd! dfli mo'i tu ve phat Iriin DVXH dua DVXH tai cac KCN dat Uinh hifn dai Thirc hien tiin bd va cdng bdng xa hoi" timg buac v i timg chinh sach phat Uien Viec linh dao v i quan Iy DVXH theo Inrdng ddn chu hda cd chii Irirang phdl hien va khai thdc moi liem ndng de phat tri^n dich vu, dong vien dupc tiem nang cita tang lop dan cu vao qua trinh cung iing cung nhu qua trinh thu huang cung ung dich vu Lanh dao v i quan ly DVXH Ii mflt pham trii hoat dpng rat rfing tfln, phong phli, da dang, lien quan den cac hoat dpng kinh ti, chinh trj, vin hoa khoa hpc cfing nghe, dfli ngoai, lien quan den ty nhien, xa hfii, nguoi (du mpi gio'i tinh, tuoi tac, nghe nghiep, sfl thich, tfin giao, dan tfie, dja vj xa hfii, thu nhap kinh te, trang thai tinh than, tam ly.,.), Nhirng nhu cau Iai ihay dfii theo tho'i gian va khong gian, thay dfii theo mfii tnrong, hoan canh Do vay khfl cfi the hinh dung dupc cfi bao nhieu loai dich vu cung img cho bao nhieu loai nhu cau Sy phan bift giita chii the vi khach the, nguoi cung Crng v i nguai thu huong chi la tuang dfii, vi mpt nguo'i giB vai tro kep, vira la nguai dupc cung iing dich vu, lai vira ia nguai di cung ung dich vu cho nguai khic Vi viy, each tiip can nghien ciru DVXH phai la khai quit hoa o miic dp tuong dfii nuac ta noi chung, TP HCM noi rieng dang 0^ thai ky chuyin dfli sang nin kinh ti thj truong dinh huong x i hpi chu nghia Thuc ti dit cho DVXH mpt bii toin kho, dfi cung la bai toin cua mpt mfl hinh DVXH chua dinh hinh Trong cic hoat dpng DVXH vo cimg phong phli, da dang dfi, cai gi la diing cin phat Trang 54 DVXH phai theo quan diem phdl Irien ben viing va theo chieu sau de cho cic DVXH cb thi phat Uiin nhanh chfing, rfing khap va bao dam chit lupng ngiy cing cao, thoa man nhu cau cung iing cing tang moi vien xa hpi Thti- hai, hoan thifn chiic nang quan ly nha nuoc dfii vol phat trien djch vu xa hfii tai cac KCN Dfii vo^i DVXH, phii thuc hifn tfit hai chiic nang, dfi la chii-c ndng qudn ly nlid nicdc va chirc ndng cung irng dieh vu Thir ba phdt hm' vai tro cdc to chiec xa hgi vd vdc loai hlnh to chirc phi Igi nhudn Irong phdl Iriin DVXH lai cdc KCN Cac tfl chirc xa hfli se phai dong vai tro tich cue hon viec phat huy tiim nang tai chfi theo phuang cham Idy sire ddn de gidi quyit nhu cdu d&i sdng cUa ddn m i khfing can cfi su dau tu ciia Nha nuac Cac tfl chiic xa hpi phii la ngu&i bdo ve quyen lgt ehinh ddng vd hgp phdp cho cic vien cua minh quyfin lai bi xam pham Thii- lu phat triin ngufln nhin lyc dap img yeu ciu nang cao chit lupng DVXH tai cac KCN Nhan lyc cfl chit Iupng cao, sfl Iupng dii, TAP CHi PHAT TRI^N KH & CN, TAP 18, S6 Q2 - 2015 co cau hprp ly Ii yeu ciu can bin cho phit trien dong dan cu o c i c KCN Vifc d i u tu cho dich DVXH Nguon nhin Iuc cho phit triin DVXH vu y te, cho cac tuyen cin co trpng tim trpng bao gom: ngufln nhan lyc lanh dao, quan ly; diem, khong dan trai, tang dau tu thich dang ngufln nhan lyc chuyen mfin nghiep vy; ngufin cho nhirng trpng difim, phin Iai nen cfi nhin lyc san xuit tryc tiip phan hoa hoic chuyin ngoii cflng lap Thir ndm, ddi m&i qudn ly vd phdl iriin cde Dfii mai co che chinh sach dich vu y te va co bien phap hu'u hieu bupc cac doanh nghiep phai DIXH ca han Ihiii yiu lgi ede KCN tham gia BHYT diy du Dich vu gido due - ddo Igo: xa hpi hoa v i nang cao chit Iupng la hai giii phip co the lam dupc de thiic diy dich vu giao dye dao tao thoi gian din nam 2025 Dich Vll y le, chdm sdc sue khde ngir&i: truac het can phii tang cuimg phat trien mang luoi y te ca sfl, giiip nguai ngheo, phu nir, ire Dich vu vdn hod - gidi Iri: xay dyng dich vu van h o i dieu kien kinh te thj trutmg Ii van de kho khin ca ve ly luin va thuc tiln Vin hoi dupc coi la mot dflng luc phat trien Mpi cfing dan deu co quyen huflng thu dich vy van hoa nhung rat kho ket hpp hai hoa Igi ich xa hfli, tap the, ca nhan em dupc chiin soc sue khoe tfil tai cfing TAI LIEU THAM K H A O [I] Bin Tien Quy (chu bien), Phdl triin vd qudn ly nhd nuac ve kinh li dich vti.'Hxh Khoa hpc v a K y thugt, H i Npi (2000) [2] David W.Pearce: Tir dtin ktnh lihgc hiin dai, Nxb CTQG, H, tr.933-9j4 (1999) [3] [9] Mai Ngpc Anh, Djch vu huong nghifp va gioi thieu vifc lam cho cac dfii tupng tham gia vao thj truong lao dflng o^ Vift Nam: Thuc trang va khuyen nghi Tap chi Kinh tivd phdi triin, Sfi 149, trang - (2009) Mai Ngpc Cuong, Chinh sdch xa hdi ddi vai di ddn ndng thdn thdnh thi a Viit Nam hiin Nxb Chinh trj qufic gia - Su thit (2013) Mai Ngpc Cucmg, Mgt sd vdn de ve an sinh xd hdi & Viet Nam giai dogn 2012-2020, Nxb Chinh tri quflc gia - Sy thit (2013) Nguyin Thj Lan Huong va cpng sy, Xu htr&ng lao ddng vd Xd hdi Viet Nam 2009/2010, Tfl chirc Lao dfing Qufic t i (2010) Nguyen Thj Lan Huong, Ddnh gid thuc trgng DVXH ddi v&i NLD vd nhdm yeu the khung chinh sdch ve an sinh xa hoi, Chuong trtnh hpp tie giira Bfi Lao dfing - Thuong binh v i Xa hpi Ca quan hop tic va phit Uiin Tiy Ban Nha (AECI) (2010) Pham Quy Thp, Anh hu&ng eiia di ddn Itr ndng Ihdn Ihdnh lhi vd viic ldm ctia ddn cu giai dogn CNH HDH, d i tai Cip bfi (2000) Phgm Van Dinh, Nghien ciru chinh sdch phdl triin ngudn nhdn lire ndng thdn den ndm 2020, De [10] Stigliz J.E., Kinh lihgc cdng [11] Trin Hgu, DVXH & nirdc la din ndm 2020-Dinh [4] [5] [6] [7], [8], tai cua Bp Nfing nghifp v i Phat trien Nfing thfin (2011) cgng{\995) htr&ng vd gidi phdp phdt triin, De tai iiioa hoc cip Nha nuflc (2010) [12] Tran Vin Chu (chii bien), Kinh li hge phdt triin Nxb CTQG, Ha Nfli (1998) [13] Trin Vift Tiin, Gidi quyit nhung vdn di xo hdi ndy sinh ddi v&i NLD ldm viec tai cdc KCN ede tinh phia Bdc Viet Nam d i tii cip Bfl (2008) Trang 55 ... toan cd dinh 2,3 Npi dung dich vu xa hoi cho ngudi Iao dpng tai cac khu cfing nghiep Dich vu ddo lao gi&i ihieii viic lain Npi dung dao tao nghe cho lao dong duac tuyen vao Iam viec tai cac KCN... dieu trj bfinh cho NLD qui trinh Iam vifc tai day; Cac phuong thuc de dam bao sue khde cho NLD, 66.7%) Lao dfing lam viec tai cac doanh nghiep nudc la 76,9 ngan ngudi (ty lfi 28,5%), lao dpng lain... - 2015 co cau hprp ly Ii yeu ciu can bin cho phit trien dong dan cu o c i c KCN Vifc d i u tu cho dich DVXH Nguon nhin Iuc cho phit triin DVXH vu y te, cho cac tuyen cin co trpng tim trpng bao