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LV LUAN-TRAO BO: AN NINH VIEC LAM CUA NGlTdl LAO DONG TRONG KHU C N G NGHIEP: TONG QUAN NGHIEN CUtJ (S VIET NAM Nguyen Thi Thijc Triin Thi Thanh Tuyen Pham Hihi ThuSn Nguyen Thi Hirffng Giang Tdm tdt: Thong qua cdc nghien ciru ve lao dgng, viec Idm khu cong nghiep tgi Viet Nam thai gian qua, bdi viit sdp xep, he thong lgi cdc vdn di ve khdi niem, chinh sdch vd thuc hiin chinh sdch lien quan den an ninh viec 1dm cua ngudi lao dong noi chung vd nguai lao dong cdc cdc khu eong nghiep noi rieng Tie day co the nhdn thdy nhihig thdnh tuu vd hgn che cua cdc chinh sdch thuc tien lam ca sd cho nhimg di xudt dieu chinh cdc chinh sdch an ninh viec lam thdi gian tdi Tir khda: An ninh viic Idm; khu cong nghiep; lao dgng viec lam canh day manh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hoa va hdi nhap qudc te Mffdiu An ninh viec lam (ANVL) dugc xem nhu trang thai ngudi lao dpng cd viec lam lien tuc Dieu dd cd dupe nhd hpp ddng lao ddng, thda udc tap the hoac he thdng khung phap ly ve lao dpng, ciing nhu nang luc va ky nang cua ban than ngudi lao ddng Vi vay, ANVL cua lao ddng ndi chung va lao dpng tai cac khu cdng nghiep (KCN) ndi rieng la van de cd y nghTa quan trpng ddi vdi ddi sdng eua hang trieu ngudi Day ciing la chu de thu hiit dugc sir quan tam cua gidi nghien ciiu va hoach dinh chinh sach thdi gian gan day anh hudng to ldn ddi vdi mpi cap dp ciia sir phat trien kinh te - xa hdi ciia dat nudc boi Theo thdng ke cua Bd Ke hoach va Dau tu (KH&DT) din h i t nam 2016, cac KCN dugc lap cd tdng dien tich d i t tu nhien gan 95.000 ha, dd dien tieh dat cdng nghiep cd the cho thue 64.000 Ty le lip day khoang 51%, cao hon diem % so vdi cuoi nam 2015 Tinh binh quan, dat cdng nghiep da cho thue cd t h i thu hut tren 80 lao dpng true tiep, cao han rat nhieu so vdi so 10-12 lao ddng neu la dat san xuat nong nghiep (Bd KH&DT, 2017) Vdi quy md va chieu hudng phat trien nbu vay, cac KCNco the tao them hang trieu viec lam, dac biet hi ngudn lao ddng that nghiep tren khap ca nudc Tuy nhien ngudi lao ddng cac KCN, ' Day la san pham cua De tai Khoa hoc cap Nha nuoc vdi hon 60 % la nii, phai ddi dien vdi khdng it "An ninh viec Idm dot v&i ngudi iao dong tgi cdc khu cong nghiep boi cdnh cong nghiep hoa, hien van de ve ANVL va ve cac van d i cd lien quan dgi hoa ddt nu&c " (Ma s6 KX.01.39/16-20), Chuang khac nhu: (1) Che dp luong, thudng, phu cap; (2) Nha d cho cdng nhan; (3) Thdi gian lam trinh "Nghien cim nhung van de trgng ygu v6 khoa hpc xa hoi va nhan van phuc vu phat tri^n kinh xk-xa viec; (4) Chi dp bao hd lao dgng; (5) Chi hoi"(mas6KX.0l/I6-20), 38 PHAT TRIEN BEN V & N G VUNG Q U Y E N SO (6/2019) Nguyin Thj Thuc - Trka Thj Thanh TuyIn - Pham Hihi Thu|n ~ Nguyin Thi Hirong Giang bao hiem cho ngudi lao dpng; (6) Tap huan ky nang nghe nghiep; (7) nhiem mdi trudng sdng; (8) Noi vui choi giai tri; (9) Lao ddng nii va binh dang gidi; (10) Van de trat tu, an ninh, an toan; va (I I) Tiip can co sd tang va cac dich vu cdng cpng, Hang loat cac khia canh lien quan tren van la nhiing van de ndng bdng, hang ddi vdi ngudi lao ddng tai cac KCN va duac phan anh kha ro net thdng qua mdt he thdng da dang cac nghien cim tir nhiing nam 2000 den Bai viet nham muc dieh khai quat lai cac van de lien quan, tir dd nhan thay nhiing tuu va ban che cua cac chinh sach thuc tien, lam ca sd cho nhiing de xuat, dieu chinh eac chinh sach an ninh viec lam tuong lai Mot so khai niem Doan Mau Diep (2007, 2008) la mdt nhung tac gia diu tien tai Viet Nam nghien ciiu vi van de an ninh viec lam Theo tac gia, ANVL la chu di mdi ciia d Viet Nam, nhung kha phd bien tren the gidi, dac biet la cac nudc EU da coi day la chu de dinh hudng cua cai each thi trudng lao ddng, bao bam sau van de chinh: i) Hgp ddng lao dpng nham dam bao cho ngudi lao ddng cd mdt sd "bao hiem viec lam" nhat dinh; ii) Cd cac bien phap dam bao thu nhap mat viec nhu trp cap that nghiep; iii) Cd cac chinh sach thi trudng lao dpng chu dpng ho trg cac giai doan chuyen ddi trang thai viec lam tren thi tnrong lao ddng; iv) Cd cac chinh sach hpc tap sudt ddi, xa hdi hpc tap, ke ca chinh sach dao tao nghe; v) Cd he thdng bao hiim xa hdi cho phep bao ve ngudi lao ddng trudc nhirng nii ro ve lao dpng; va vi) Ddi thoai xa hdi giUa td chiic dai dien eho ngudi lao ddng, cho ngudi sir dung lao ddng va Chinh phu (ki ca cac ddi tac khac xa hdi dan su niu can thiet) dupe xem la phuong tien cho viec thucmg lugng thi trudng lao dpng, ANVL de dam bao viec lam dang hoang An ninh vi|c l^m Co quan Hgp tac Phat trien Qudc te Cdng hda Lien bang Dire (GIZ) va Vien Khoa hpc Lao ddng va Xa hdi (ILSSA) (2011, 2013) da khai quat, be thdng hda toan bd he thdng an sinh xa hdi (ASXH) ciia Viet Nam ciing nhu dua cac khai niem lien quan ve ASXH, phuc lgi xa hdi, ANVL, Theo do: "An sinh xa hdi" la he thdng cac chinh sach can thiep cua Nha nudc (bao hiem xa hpi/trg giiip xa hdi) va tu nhan (cac che khdng theo luat dinh hoac ciia tu nhan) nham giam miic dp ngheo ddi va tdn thuang, nang cao nang luc tu bao ve ciia ngudi dan va xa hpi trudc nhirng nii ro hay nguy ea giam hoac mit thu nhap, bao dam dn diiih, phat trien va cdng bang xa hdi ASXH cd vai trd nham dam bao tbu nhap d mirc tdi thieu, nang cao nang luc quan ly nii ro, phan phdi thu nhap, thiic day viec lam ben virng va phat trien thi trudng lao ddng, nang cao hieu qua quan ly xa hdi, thuc diy gin kit xa hdi, phat trien xa hdi va hd trg ngudi dan vugt qua khung hoang Bdn cau phan truyen thdng cua chinh sach ASXH la: (1) tao viec lam, dam bao thu nhap tdi thieu va giam ngheo; (2) Bao hiem xa hdi; (3) Trg giiip xa hdi cho cac nhdm dac thii va (4) Cac dich vu xa hdi co ban Cac cau phan tuong trp cho de bao phii cac yeu cau ASXH da dang ciia xa hdi (ILSSA, 2013) - "ANVL" la sir dam bao cho ngudi lao ddng cd viec lam lien tuc Cac dieu khoan ciia hpp ddng lao ddng, thda udc tap the hoac cac van ban quy pham phap luat ve lao ddng la eac cdng cu CO ban di bao dam dieu kien lam viec va tra cdng lao ddng, ngan chan viec cham dirt hgp ddng lao dpng hoac cat giam nhan su tien" (ILSSA, 2011) Nhu vay, cac khai niem va he thdng cau tnic cho thay ro, ANVL la mdt phan ciia ASXH; mac dii ciing bao phu tat ca ba vin di CO ban cua ASXH, nhung ddi tugng tac dpng true tiep la ngudi lao ddng va viec lam cua P H A T T R I E N B E N VLTNG VUNG Q U Y E N 9, SO (6/2019) 39 LY LUAN-TRAO D | ngudi lao ddng; dd ASXH ndi chung bao tnim len tat ca cac khia canh ciia mpi ddi tugng xa hpi Trong mdt sd nghien ciiu khac, Nguyen Thudng Lang (2008) cung nhac tdi khai niem ve ANVL d dudi nhieu gdc dp khac nhau.Dudi gdc dp ca nhan hoac ngudi, ANVL la trang thai khdng bi de dpa mat viec lam ma khdng cd ly chinh dang hoac khdng dugc bdi hoan Tuong tu quan diem nay, Nguyen Hiiu Diing (2014), Dang Xuan Thanh (2016) cho rang, bdi canh toan cau hda va hdi nhap qudc te, ANVL ve ban chat thudc pham tni an ninh ngudi an ninh phi truyen thdng Trong dd an ninh ngudi la phai bao ve cac gia tri co ban quan trpng nhat cupc sdng ciia mpi ngudi theo hudng tang cudng kha nang tu lua chpn va hudng thu, nghTa la bao ve ngudi khdi nhung mdi de dpa va tinh hudng nguy hiem hien hiiu Tir do, an ninh ngudi cd ndi ham kha rdng Dd la cac van de ve viee lam, sire khoe, mdi trudng, thuc pham, an toan, cpng ddng, chinh tri, nhan quyen, giao due, tdn giao, dan tdc, sac tdc Do vay, den day, cd the thay, ANVL la mdt dang cua an ninh ngudi, ma ban chat ciia nd la su bao ve, chdng lai su sa thai tiiy tien va tri sir ben virng ciia viec lam nen kinh te thi trudng cd nhieu nii ro ANVL tdng the an ninh ngudi va an ninh phi truyen thdng cd nhiimg dac diem ca ban: i) Cd tinh phd bien Hen quan den ca nhan ngudi cd kha nang lao ddng ANVL dam bao cho tat ca mpi ngudi dii d dau, tai thdi diem nao deu dugc dam bao mdt viec lam de dam bao dieu kien tdn tai tdi thieu; ii) ANVL phai dugc coi la yeu td can ban su rang budc vdi tat ca cac yeu td khac pham tril cua an ninh ngudi gdm co ddi ngheo, sire khde, benh tat, thuc pham, mdi trudng, chinh tri, tdn giao, sac tdc, nhan quyen, ; iii) ANVL la su bao ve, chdng lai su 40 sa thai tien, bao dam su ben viing cua vi§c lam mdt nen kinh te nhieu bien dpng, lien quan chat che den an ninh nghe nghiep, an toan lao dpng, an ninh thi trudng lao ddng, an ninh thu nhap, an ninh tieng ndi ciia ngudi lao ddng, an ninh ve phat trien ky nang ban than, ; va iv) ANVL mang tinh chat ca nhan, phu thudc vao dieu kien ca nhan mdi ngudi co kha nang, nang luc, nhu cau rieng; nhung co CO hpi dugc lua chgn cdng viec mgt each hr do, linh hoat; khdng phai ddi mat vdi cac nguy CO ddi ngheo, thieu viec lam, that nghiep (Nguyin Hun Diing, 2014) Mdt sd cac khai niem lien quan khac ciing dugc nhic den cac nghien ciiu nhu: Khai niem ve "viec lam ddng hodng, tu te, thoa ddng", "viee lam xanh" hay "an ninh linh hogt" nhu nhung xu hudng phat trien, muc tieu hudng tdi ciia ANVL bdi canh hpi nhap va phat trien kinh te, theo do: "Viee lam ddng hodng, tu te, thoa ddng" la viec lam co nang suat, chat lugng cho ca nam gidi va nii gidi, dieu kien tu do, binh dang, an toan va nhan pham dupe tdn trpng Viec lam dang hoang, tir te thda dang gdm 06 yeu to ca ban: i) Ca hdi lam viec; ii) Lam viec dieu kien tu do; iii) Viec lam cd nang suat; iv) Cdng bang; (v) An toan lam viec; va vi) Bao ve nhan pham (Nguyen Hiru Diing, 2014) Khai niem ve "viec lam xanh" dugc dua chuang trinh thue hien chien luge toan cau ve phat trien ben viing d "Chuong trinh nghi su 21" Theo dd, viec lam xanh la viec lam nen kinh te xanh, dugc tao mpi ITnh vuc ddi sdng xa hdi vdi muc tieu giu gin va khdi phuc mdi trudng thdng qua cac chien lupc hieu qua, giam thieu carbon Khai niem "an ninh linh hogt" la chien luge ket hop giiia "an ninh" va "linh hoat", dong thdi lam ndi bat vai trd, chiic nang cua nd tren thi trudng lao ddng Trong dd, "linh hoat" - la tao diiu kien cho ngudi lao ddng khai thac dugc PHAT TRIEN BEN V Q N G V O N G Q U Y E N 9, s o (6/2019) Nguyin Thi Thuc - Tr^n Thj Thanh Tuyin - Pham H&u ThuSn - Nguyin Thj Hirimg Giang tiem nang cua ban than va nang cao trinh chuyen mdn; ddng thdi la su thuan Igi viec td chiic san xuat, kinh doanh, cai tien san pham va ap dung cdng nghe mdi cua doanh nghiep "An ninh" dugc hieu khdng chi la su bao dam, tri mgt cdng viec; ma cdn la viec giiip trang bi cho ngudi lao dpng ky nang, trinh dp chuyen mdn de phat trien su nghiep; ddng thdi cung giup hp mpt khoan trg cap thda dang tao dieu kien thuan lgi viec chuyin ddi viee lam (Nguyen Thi Lan Huang, 2009; Doan Mau Diep, 2007) An ninh viec lam cac khu cdng nghiep qua cac nghien ciru tai Vi^t Nam 2.1 Khdi qudt ve sir phdt trien khu cong nghiep Trong lich sir hon 25 nam hinh va phat trien sau Ddi mdi, ke tir thdi diem ddi KCN dau tien thang 11/1991, su phat trien ciia md hirih KCN tai Viet Nam da dat dugc nhung hju dang ke, gdp phan quan trpng cho sir phat trien chung ciia nen kinh te Viet Nam He thdng KCN duoc lap vdi muc tieu eung cap tang ddng bd cho cac doanh nghiep nudc; ddng thdi thu hut cac doanh nghiep FDI Da cd 220/325 KCN da di vao hoat dpng vdi tdng dien tich dat tu nhien gan 61 nghin va 105 KCN dang giai doan den bii giai phdng mat bang va xay dung ca ban vdi tdng dien tich dat tu nhien 34 nghin Tdng dien tich dat cdng nghiep da cho thue ciia cac KCN dat 31,8 nghin (Bd Ke hoach va Diu tu, 2017) Hiu hit cac KCN diu n i m cac viing Kinh te trpng diem ciia ca nudc, tap trung phan ldn d Ddng Nam Bd (111 khu), Ddng bang sdng Hdng (85), Ddng bing sdng Cim Long (52 khu) Cac khu vuc khac d mien Trung (39), Tnmg du miin niii Bac Bd (30) va Tay Nguyen (8) (Bd KH&DT, 2016a) Vdi su phat trien nhanh chdng thdi gian qua, cac KCN ciing da gdp phan quan An ninh vifc lam trpng giai quyet viec lam cho ngudi lao dpng Cac doanh nghiep KCN tao doanh thu ldn, chiem khoang 30% vao kim ngach xuat khau cua ca nudc va tao viec lam cho khoang gin trieu lao dpng, cd ddng gdp dang ke vao ngan sach nha nudc (Bp KH&DT, 2017) KCN da gdp phin thuc d i y tdc dp dd thi hda khu vuc lan can; ddng thdi giiip tao mdt dpi ngii cdng lihan cd tac phong cdng nghiep, cd y thiic ki luat, cd trinh dp lam viec va ky nang quan ly Tuy vay, mat trai cua su phat trien KCN da sinh mdt sd van de dang quan tam ve mat an ninh viec lam ciia ngudi cdng nhan nhu: van de ve lucmg, thudng, bgp ddng lao ddng, che dp bao hiem, mdi trudng lam viec, hoat dpng cdng doan hay cac van de ve nha d va tang an sinh cho ngudi lao ddng va gia dinh ciia hp (Tran Viet Tiin, 2009, 2012; Ta Thi Doan, 2011; Dd Ta Khanh, 2015; Nguyen Diic Ldc va cdng su, 2015; Nguyin Hoang Hiin, 2016) 2.2 Thu-c trgng an ninh viec Idm cda cong nhdn cdc khu cong nghiep (1) Ve tuoi cua eong nhdn; Hau het cdng nhan, ngudi lao ddng cac KCN deu cdn tre, dp tudi tir 20-30 Ve gidi tinh, cd su chenh lech ty le nam/nii cdng nhan phu thudc vao cac nganh nghe khac mdi KCN Lao ddng nii cd xu hudng nhieu hon nam gidi vdi ty le khoang 60/40 Neu nhu cac nganh cdng nghiep nhe nhu det may, da giay, ty le cdng nhan nu chiem da sd; thi cac nganh cdng nghiep lap rap, vat lieu xay dung, hda chat, luyen kim, ty le cdng nhan nam la chii yeu (Tran Xuan Cau, 2007; Ta Thi Doan, 2011; Do Ta Khanh, 2015) (2) Ve trinh hoc vdn vd chuyen mon: 70 - 80% la lao ddng gian dan, xuat than tir ndng thdn, tap trung chii yeu d cac nganh cdng nghiep nhe, tham dung lao ddng nhu may mac, lap rap dien tir, che bien, giay da, Hiu hit sd cdng nhan khdng dugc dao tao nghi trudc PHAT T R I E N BEN V O N G V U N G Q U Y E N 9, SO (6/2019) 41 LY LUAN - TRAO D | vao doanh nghiep vadugc doanh nghiep tuyin dung true tiep tap huan thdi gian vai tdi vai thang (Phan Thi Kim Phugng, 2004; Trin Xuan Ciu, 2007; Nguyin Thj Thu Lan, 2007; Ta Thi Doan, 2011; Do Ta Khanh, 2015) Thuc trang cung phan anh kha chinh xac trinh dp chung cua lao dpng Viet Nam toan bd nen kinh te lao ddng phd thdng chiim din 77,78%, lao dgng cd trinh dp dai hpc trd len chiem 9,76%, cao dang la 3,68%, trung cip la 5,35%, va so cap nghe la 3,43% (Bp Lao dpng - Thuang binh va Xa hdi va Tdng cue Thdng ke, 2018) (3) Ve thu nhgp; Theo thdng ke nam 2015, luang binh quan ngudi lao ddng cac KCN khoang trieu ddng/thang, tang 10% so vdi nam 2014 (Trinh Trudng San, 2016) Trong dd thap nhat la khu vue ngoai qudc doanh; cao nhat la FDI Tuy nhien, mirc dp chenh lech khdng nhieu giiia cac md hinh doanh nghiep cung nhu trinh dp tay nghe cdng nhan Bang luong chia lam nhieu bae (cd the len den 30-35 bac), mdi bac tang them rat thap (khoang 10.000-20.000 ddng) Nhiiu doanh nghiep van tra luang theo dinh miic san pham, nhung vdi dan gia tien lucmg thap, dinh mirc lao ddng lai cao, khdng tinh den tham nien cdng tac, Do gia ca hang hda thiet yeu tang nhanh, nen luong cdng nhan chi dap iing 6070% nhu cau thiet yeu Day la mdt nhiing ly quan trpng nhat dan den dinh cdng, lan cdng tai cac KCN (Phan Thi Kim Phugng, 2004; Trin Viet Tiin, 2009, 2012; Le Tuyen Cu, 2011) Tuy nhien, cac nghien ciiu khac, Ta Thi Doan (2011), Dd Tuin Son va Pham Thanh Hai (2014), Dd Ta Khanh (2015) cd nhirng nhan xet tich cue han Thu nhap, mice luong cdng nhan cd su cai thien dang ke, cao hon han thu nhap cua chinh hp d ndng thdn Nhung neu so vdi thdi gian, cudng dp lam viec va su gia tang gia ca thi thu nhap ciia hg la chua hrong ximg, chi du tieu 42 dung CO ban va khdng thi tich liiy Cd su phan chia thu nhap ro ret ciia nhdm cdng nhan cac doanh nghiep Cdng nhan cac DN FDI cd thu nhap cao hon so vdi cac DN nudc; cdng nhan cd trinh dp chuyen mdn, cdng nhan d nhdm tudi cao cd thu nhap cao han so vdi cac cdng nhan lao ddng gian don va nhdm lao ddng tre hon Nhiing su bien ddi tren dupe danh gia la tich cue nham thuc day thi trudng lao ddng lanh nghe va miic dp gan bd vdi doanh nghiep cita ngudi lao ddng (4) Th&i gian lam viec vd nghi ngai: Khong dn dinh, thay ddi theo ca kip, tang giam theo sd lugng dan hang ciia doanh nghiep; vay se phai tang ca, them gid hoae bi gian doan, budc nghi chd viec Thdi gian lao ddng duoc danh gia la phan phdi chua hgp ly doi vdi ngudi lao ddng Thdi gian, ap lire cdng viec keo dai nen theo thdng ke chi cd khoang 35% cdng nhan thuc su cd sire khde de dap iing cdng viec (Phan Thi Kim Phugng, 2004; Ta Thi Doan, 2011) (5) Ty le lao dong duac ky ket hop dong lao dong; Chiem khoang 80% Ty le dao ddng phu thudc vao tinh chat, loai binh, quy md doanh nghiep Cac DN ldn, DN FDI, DN cdng nghe cao ludn cd xu hudng cd ty le lao ddng dupe ky ket hop ddng cao han cac doanh nghiep nhd, doanh nghiep vdn nudc, doanh nghiep cdng nghiep lihe, tham dung lao ddng Mpt sd khdng ky hgp ddng vdi cdng nhan hoat dgng san xuat khdng dn dinh, khdng dii viec lam hoac cd tinh mudn thay doi lao ddng thudng xuyen de tra mirc luang toi thieu, lam dung keo dai thdi gian thir viec (Phan Thi Kim Phuang, 2004; Le Tuyin Cic, 2011; Ta Thi Doan, 2011; Dd Ta Khanh, 2015) (6) Ty le dong bdo hiem xa hoi eho nguai lao dong: Ket qua khao sat ciia Nguyin Thj Lan Huong (2009) cho thiy 85% lao ddng lam viec d DNNN, 83%) lao ddng lam viec d DN PHAT TRIEN BEN V Q N G VCJNG Q U Y E N 9, s o (6/2019) Nguyin Thi Thuc - TrAn Thj Thanh Tuyin - Pham Hfru Thuan - Nguyin Thi Hirffng Giang cd phan hoa va 74% lao ddng lam viec d DN FDI dugc tham gia BHXH Tuy nhien, cdn khoang 10% doanh nghiep thudng xuyen ng bao hiem xa hdi, cd trudng hgp ne tranh, khai thap sd lao ddng, quy luang de trdn tranh trach nhiem ddng bao hiem xa hdi (Nguyin Dire Ldc va Nguyen Van Hiep, 2015; Dd Ta Khanh, 2015) Ty le ciing phu thudc chat ehe vao quy md, tinh chat, loai hinh cua doanb nghiep Cac cdng ty ITnh vuc cdng nghiep nhe, chu yeu sir dung lao ddng phd thdng, thudng cd ty le ddng bao hiem thap nhat Hieu biet ciia cdng nhan ve cac chinh sach bao bd, bao hiem cdn han che, tham chi mdt sd khdng coi cdng nhan la mdt nghe de gan bd lau dai, nen khdng coi trpng cac quyen lpi ve bao hiem nhu bao hiem that nghiep hay bao hiem xa hdi (7) Bieu kien, moi tru&ng lao dong: Nghien ciiu tai TP Hd Chi Minh nam 2016 cho thay, ehi cd khoang 15%o sd DN cd can bd y ti, cd khoang 22 - 25% sd ngudi lao dpng tai cac DN dugc kham siic khoe dinh ky va dudi 10% ngudi Iao dpng tiep xiic vdi cac yeu td gay d nhiem nguy co cao dupe kham benh nghe nghiep (Nguyen Thi Khoa, 2016).Viec phai lam them gid, lam tang ca, mdi trudng lao ddng chua dam baodieu kien ve nhietdd, tiengdn, bui, miii, da lam tang su met mdi, cang thang cho cdng nhan, nhat la luc lugng lao ddng nii la nhung thuc trang kha phd bien tai cac KCN (Phan Thi Kim Phupng, 2004; Bd Ki hoach va Diu tu va UNDP, 2006; Le Tuyin Cii, 2011; Ta Thi Doan, 2011; Dd Ta Khanh, 2015; Pham Cdng Tuan va cdng su, 2016, Nguyin Dinh Khoa, 2019) (8) Gido diic vd ddo tgo: Cdng tac dao tao nghe, cung iing Iao ddng cho cac KCN chua hgp ly, khdng dam bao ve sd lugng va chat lugng, dac biet ve chat lugng dao tao hau het khdng dat yeu cau Ve phia doanh nghiep, van di dao tao hoan toan khdng mang tinh bat An ninh vi|c lam budc Tuy vay, nhu cau ngudn nhan luc, nen hiu hit cac doanh nghiep van tham gia vao qua trinh nay; song thdng thudng chi la dao tao ngan han cac ky nang ca ban cho cdng nhan phd thdng dap iing cdng viec gian don tai cac day truyin/may mdc cdng nghiep Viec dao tao nang cao, cir ngudi di hpc chiem ty le nhd, chit yeu d cac doanh nghiep ldn, nha nudc hoac FDI Hau het viec dao tao chuyen mdn, ky nang, ngoai ngii la ngudi lao ddng tu dau tu nham dap img vi tri cdng viec (Nguyin Thi Thu Lan, 2007; Le Tuyin Cir, 2011, Nguyen Dinh Khoa, 2019) (9) Quan he lao dong; Mdi quan he giiia doanh nghiep va cdng nhan dugc danh gia kha Idng leo, thieu ben viing Ve phia ngudi lao ddng, hp san sang bd viec de tim kiem viec lam tai doanh nghiep khac thay cd lgi ich tdt hon hoac cd mau thuan/bat ddng Su bien ddng lao ddng dupe danh gia la kha ldn, chu yeu la viec chuyen viec lam giiia cac cdng ty khu vuc Ian can Mdt sd lupng dang ke quay ve que huong thuc trang phat trien kha manh ciia cac KCN tai cac dia phuang Ve phia ngudi sii dung lao ddng, cac yeu td nhu thudng xuyen tang cudng dp lao ddng, keo dai thdi gian lam viec, tang ca tien, nhung khdng tra luong, thudng day du hoac cd nhung thap, khdng ddng bao hiem xa hdi, bao hiem y te day dii la nhiing nguyen nhan chinh din din dinh cdng, lan cdng va nghi viec cua ngudi lao ddng (Phan Thi Kim Phuong, 2004; Trin Viet Tiin, 2009; Ta Thi Doan, 2011) (10) Dai song vgt chdt, tinh thdn: Nha d ludn la van de biic xiic nhat ddi vdi cdng nhan, dac biet la lao ddng di cu Mac dii da cd quy dinh quy hoach xay dung KCN can danh dien tich dat nhat dinh de xay nha d cho cdng nhan va ngudi lao ddng, nhung tren thuc ti, hau het cac cdng ty tang KCN deu chua chii trpng den van de lpi nhuan thap hoac thuc te dia phuang khdng cdn quy dit (Bd PHAT TRIEN BEN V Q N G V U N G Q U Y E N 9, S6 (6/2019) 43 LY LUAN - TRAO B6\ KH&DT, 2016b) Trin Viet Tiin (2009) cho rang, cac KCN mdi chi dam bao dupe nha d cho 2-7% sd cdng nhan Theo Le Tuyen Cu (2011) sd la 10%; khoang 40% cd nha rieng (ke ca d vdi gia dinh) va d nhd nha ba con, ngudi than; va 50% cdn lai d tai cac nha trg cac hd gia dinh cung cap, vdi chat lupng rat thap Cac chinh sach khuyen khich hien hanh ddi vdi dau tu xay dung nha d cho cdng nhan (uu dai cho cac chii dau tu xay dung nha d cdng nhan KCN ve mien, giam tien thue dat, ve thue thu nhap doanh nghiep, ) duoc danh gia la chua du manh, khd thuc hien, khien doanh nghiep chua quan tam Ve mat tinh than, Nguyen Diic Ldc va Nguyen Van Hiep (2015) nghien ciru tai Binh Duang cho thay, den 94% sd lao dpng tai cae KCN dang sdng tai cac phdng trp cita ngudi dan dia phuang, ngoai dieu kien vat chat thieu thdn, ddi sdng van hda tinh than cua hp ciing rat don dieu, hudng ndi thdi gian danh cho cdng viec qua nhieu va muc thu nhap da sd chua dit sdng Cac giai phap chinh sach lien quan den an ninh viec lam cua cdng nhan khu cdng nghiep Nhiing chinh sach chung va rieng ve cac van de lien quan den ANVL ciia ngudi lao ddng da cd nhung ddng gdp nhat dinh viec dieu chinh, giai quyet cac van de phat sinh Tuy the, van cdn nhieu bat cap va tinh trang ANVL chua dugc dam bao, chinh vi vay cac nghien cuu chinh sach ve cac van de ndng xung quanh lao ddng d KCN kha da dang ca ve sd lugng va chii de nghien ciiu Cac cdng trinh tren da Iy giai nguyen nhan cua thuc trang thieu ANVL nbu hien tai va ggi y cac giai phap ve quan ly lao ddng, viec lam cac KCN hudng tdi su phat trien bin vimg va ANVL (1) Ve mat khach quan: (i) Ciing vdi su phat trien ciia KCN la su gia tang nhanh chdng cua lire lugng lao ddng nhap cu, tao ap luc Idn 44 ddi vdi hoat ddng quan ly, quy hoach, xay dung va phat trien ciia dia phuong; va (ii) Do Id hdng cua quan ly, quy hoach ma chi chii trpng vao lgi ich trudc mat, doanh nghiep da bd qua quyen lgi cua ngudi lao ddng, bd qua trach nhiem xa hdi ciia minh (2) Ve nguyen nhan chit quan: (i) Cac van de ve CO che chinh sach chua ddng bp, thieu hgp ly nhu sy rang budc trach nhiem ciia cac ben viec xay dung co sd tang van hda, ASXH va cham sdc ddi sdng vat chat tinh than cho ngudi lao ddng; chinh sach ve luong thudng, ASXH cho ngudi lao dgng KCN khdng thda dang va cham thay ddi; va (ii) He thdng van hanh gdm ca ca che phdi hpp giiia cac ben lien quan tir chi dao, thuc hien, den giam sat, tra, phan bien khdng ddng bp ddi vdi tat ca cac qua trinh tti quy hoach, xet duyet, cap phep, xay dung, van hanh ca ITnh vuc xay dung ca sd vat chat, tang den cac thiet che van hda, quy dinh hanh chinh De giai quyet cac van de, eac nghien ciiu cd nhirng gdc nhin va giai phap rieng: Ve mat giao due va dao tao tay nghe cho ngudi cdng nhan, rapt sd giai phap phd bien dupe de xuat gdm: (i) Phat trien giao due thdng tao nen mdng cho phat trien ngudi, phat trien ngudn nhan luc cho KCN; (ii) Phat trien manh giao due nghe nghiep theo yeu cau cua cac KCN; (iii) Da dang hda cac loai hinh dao tao, lien ket dao tao nghe; (iv) Tang hieu qua cac ngudn dau tu cho giao due nghe nghiep; (v) Quy hoach dao tao theo nhu can sir dung ciia cac KCN; va (vi) Ddi mdi co che quan ly hoat ddng dao tao ngudn nhan luc (Nguyin Tbi Thu Lan, 2007) Ve van de nha d va thu nhap ciia ngudi lao ddng, can: (i) Nang cao trinh dp tay nghe, chuyen mdn ky thuat vdi su tham gia ciia cac ben lien quan; (ii) Hoan thien cac chinh sach lien quan den tien luang va thu nhap cua ngudi PHAT TRIEN B E N V U N G V U N G Q U Y E N 9, s o (6/2019) Nguyin Thj Thyc - Tran Thi Thanh Tuyen - Pham Hfru Thu^n - Nguyin Thj Hinmg Giang An ninh viSc lam Iao ddng mit viec KCN; cd Id trinh tang miic luong tdi thiiu; phat triin thi trudng lao dpng, viec lam, tu van gidi thieu viec lam; (iii) De giai quyet van de nha d, can bd sung cac quy hoach nhd d cbo cac KCN chua cd quy hoach; cac khu cap mdi phai cd quy hoach cho nha d; tin dung phan dien tich dit d nhan rdi dan cu dia phuang; cd cac chinh sach uu dai de khuyen khich ngudi dan xay nha d cdng nhan; (iv) Cai thien ddi sdng tinh thin thdng qua phat trien cac phong trao van hda, van nghe; giao luu giiia cac doanh nghiep; thuc hien cac chuong trinh an sinh va phuc lpi qudc gia KCN (Trin Viet Tiin, 2009, 2012) di khuyin khich thuc hien; (3) Sua ddi, hoan thien vi chinh sach luong, thudng, y te dam bao diSu kien tdt hon cho ngudi lao dgng; (4) Lap quy phiic lgi xa hdi danh cho cdng nhan; (5) Dau tu xay dung, hoan thien hon cac ca sd vat chat tang xa hdi dd can cd su phdi hpp giira cac ben nham dua nhiing phuang an phii hgp vdi hoan canh, dieu kien, thdi gian cua ngudi lao dgng; (6) Nang cao lihan thirc cbo cdng nhan nhap cu; va (7) Thanh lap cac lien minh hop tac xa nha trp; xay dung nhiing nhdm cdng nhan tu lire bang hinh thirc tiet kiem - tin dung (Nguyen Diic Lgc va Nguyen Van Hiep, 2015) Ve quan he lao dpng, d quy md hep, mdt sd giai phap dua gdm: nang cao giam sat viec thuc hien nghTa vu cua chii doanh nghiep, xir ly nghiem cac vi pham ve quyen lgi cua ngudi lao ddng; nang cao hieu biet phap luat ciia ngudi lao ddng; phdng ngira va han che tranh chap lao ddng; cai thien vai trd ciia cdng doan CO sd; thuc hien thda udc lao ddng (Thanh Huang, 2010) Ciing ve van de nay, Vuang VTnh Hiep (2014) dua giai phap d pham vi rdng hon gdm: (I) Nha nudc can nang cao cdng cu phan tich du bao va kip thdi cd nhiing sira ddi, bd sung cbo cac chinh sach nham img phd vdi cac bien ddng tren thi trudng; (2) Uy quyen quan ly cho Ban Quan ly KCN, giam cac dot kiem tra doanh nghiep; tang cudng phdi hpp, giam sat viec thuc hien nghTa vu cua DN vdi ngudi lao ddng; (3) Vdi ngudi lao ddng, can nang cao hieu biet phap luat va manh dan bay td nguyen vpng ca nhan; (4) Cai thiSn vai trd cua td chiic cdng doan; (5) Trien khai boat ddng ciia cac hdi ddng ngudi su dung lao ddng tai cac tinh thanh, Ddi vdi chinh sach tbi trudng dich vu viec lam va day nghe, nham hudng tdi ANVL can: (1) Thuc hien tdt viec ky ket hop ddng lao ddng; (2) Nang cao nang luc cho td chiic cdng doan CO sd; (3) Ddi mdi va nang cao chat lupng dao tao cua he thdng dao tao nghe; (4) Thuc hien tdt chinh sach bao hiem xa hdi; nang dp bao phu, tinh linh hoat ciia bao hiem xa hdi bat budc va bao hiem xa hdi tu nguyen; (5) Td chirc tdt he thdng thdng tinthi trudng Iao ddng; (6) Td chiic hoan thien va thuc hien tdt chinh sach bao hiem that nghiep; (7) Tang cudng mdi quan be hpp tac giiia cac trung tam dich vu viec lam cdng he thdng; (8) Hoan thien ban Luat Lao ddng ve trg cap mat viec lam, trg cap cham diit hgp ddng lao ddng vi chinh sach bao hiem that nghiep da quy dinh trg cap that nghiep; (9) Tang cudng mdi quan he giQa co sd dao tao, co quan dich vu viec lam va doanh nghiep; va (10) Tang cudng ddi thoai xa hdi, giiia ca quan hoach dinh va thuc hien chinh sach vdi cdng doan va cac td chiic dai dien cho ngudi sir dung lao ddng (Doan Mau Diep, 2007, 2008) v i cac phiic lpi xa hdi: (1) Can xac dinh ro md hinh phuc lgi xa hdi va quy dinh ro vai trd cua cac ben lien quan; (2) Dua yeu cau ve phiic lpi xa hdi ddi vdi doanh nghiep tir khau duyet du an dau tu va cd ea che phii hgp De hudng tdi "an ninh linh hoat" can giai quyet ba van de ldn: Thir nhdt, ve khung khd luat phap va quan he lao ddng: (i) Can xay dung chinh sach phap luat va che tai vdi pham P H A T T R I E N BEN VCTNG V U N G Q U Y E N 9, s o (6/2019) 45 LY LUAN - TRAO B | vi bao phu rdng hon tdi dupe khu vuc kinh te phi chinh thurc, khu vuc doanh nghiep vira va nhd; va sua ddi Luat Lao dpng cho phii hgp hon ve dp bao phu, ciing nhu quyen lgi ciia cac ben lien quan; (ii) Can tang cudng viec xay dung chinh sach nham tao co che, mdi trudng, cdng cu va tu van hudng dan de cac ben tang cudng ddi thoai, thuang lugng, thoa thuan; (iii) Xem xet them vai trd cita cdng doan; va (iv) Tang cudng phd bien va nang cao hieu biet phap luat de ngudi lao ddng Thu hai, ve chinh sach thj trudng lao dpng chu ddng; Can hoan thien, nang cao tinh thuc tien cua cac the che chinh sach ve kinh te, ve thi trudng lao ddng, viec lam, ve dao tao, day nghe; ve mang ludi dich vu viec lam theo hudng linh hoat, chii dpng ban, giiip ngudi lao dpng va doanh nghiep tiep can va ap dung hieu qua hon cac chinh sach nham tang tinh an ninh linh hoat ddi vdi ngudi lao ddng Thir ba, hoan thien cac chinh sach ve lao ddng thu ddng, gdm ca chinh sach bao hiem va trg giup xa hgi, dd luu y den pham vi bao phii ciia chinh sach, co che quan ly, thuc hien dam bao tinh hieu qua thyc tien (Nguyen Thi Lan Huong, 2009) Ket luan Cac nghien ciiu cac nam qua da cho thay rang, quan niem ve ANVL da cd sy thay ddi can ban theo thdi gian, tu nhin nhan d gdc dp ca nhan, vi md sang da cip dp va tich hgp cac gia tri tien bd va hieu biet mdi ANVL ciing dugc ket hgp vdi cac muc tiSu khac, nhu tinh linh hoat cua thi trudng lao ddng, d i t^o hinh mau mdi, da chieu va can bang han Cac nghien ciiu ve lao dpng viec lam noi chung va ve lao ddng cac KCN ndi rieng d Viet Nam rat phong phu Mac dii vay, cac cdng trinh chu yeu nghien cuu mdt hoac vai khia canh nhu ASXH, quan he lao ddng, thu nhap, ddi sdng vat chat va tinh than cua ngudi lao dgng cac KCN Hudng tiip can ANVL, an ninh linh hoat mdi chi dugc quan tam gan day va ciing khdng cd nhieu Dac biet, ehua cd cac danh gia he thdng, toan dien v i mdi quan he giiia tinh linh hoat cita thi trudng va ANVL; ciing nhu cac xu hudng tu hoa thi trudng vdi viec dam bao ANVL Trong dd, he thdng phap luat, chinh sach ciia Viet Nam lien quan tdi ANVL rat rdng va nhiiu tang nac, bao phit hau het mpi van de Tuy nhien, cac quy dinh neu tren vira thira, vua thieu, vira can trd tinh linh hoat cita thi trudng, vira khdng bao ve dupe quyen lgi ciia ngudi lao ddng Cac KCN la mdi trudng dugc coi la cd tieu chuan cao hang dau xir ly cac quan he lao ddng; song tinh trang tren van mang tinh phd bien Chinh vi vay, viec nghien ciru, he thdng lai va tim nhiing giai phap phii hgp nham cai thien va l i p d i y nhiing khoang trdng ve chinh sach ANVL cho cdng nhan cac KCN ndi rieng thdi gian tdi la rat can thiit Tai lieu tham khao Bp Ke hoach va Diu hr (2016a) Bdo cdo thdng ke so lieu cdc KCN cd nu&c Bp Ke hoach va DSu Ur (2016b) Nghien CUTI cdi thiin moi tru&ng song cho cdng nhdn cdc KCN tai nuac CHXHCN Viet Nam Bp Ke hoach va Dau Ur (2017) Bdo cdo Tdng ket hogt dgng cdc mo hinh khu cong nghiep, khu kinh li Bp Ke hoach va Diu tu va UNDP (2006) Anh hudng cua chinh sdch phdt triin cdc khu cong nghiep tai phdt trien ben vimg a Viet Nam Du an "H6 tra xay dung va thuc hien Chuotig frinh nghi su 21 Qudc gia ciia Viet Nam.VIE/01/021 46 PHAT TRIEN BEN V Q N G V U N G Q U Y E N 9, s o (6/2019) Nguyin Thj Thuic - Tran Thj Thanh Tuyin - Pham Hfru Thu^n - Nguyin Thj Hirffng Giang An ninh vigc l^m Bp Lao dong, Thuang binh va xa hpi va T6ng cue Th6ng ke (2018) Bdn tin cap nhdt thi tru&ng lao dong Viet Nam, quy 4, 2018 http://wviTV.molisa.gov.vn/Images/FileAnPham/fiIeanpham2019 441433956.pdf Dang Xuan Thanh (2016J Bdo cdo kit qud nghien ciru cua Bi tdi cdp Nhd nuac "Bam bdo an ninh ngudi Viet Nam boi cdnh todn cdu hoa vd hgi nhgp quoc ti Vien Nghien cuu Dong Bic A Dao Thi Minh Huong (2015) Phat trien ngudi hien nhin tu goc Iao dpng, viec lam va nang suat lao dpng Tgp chi Nghien ciru nguai, so 3(78), tr.3-20 Do Ta Khanh (2015) Tdng cu&ng quyen cua cong nhdn vd dgi dien cua cong dodn Bao cao tong quan nghien cuu Vien Nghien ciiu Chau Au D6 Tuin Son va Pham Thanh Hai (2014) Thu hiit lao dpng dap ting nhu ciu phat triin cua cac KCN d Bic Ninh Tgp chi Kinh tevdDubdo, s6 21, thang 11, tr.62-64 10 Doan Mau Diep (2007, 2008) Thi trudng lao dpng linh boat va an ninh viec lam Tap chi Lao dgng vd Xd hgi, s6 325, y.21-23 va s6 326, n-.13-15 11 GIZ va ILSSA (2011) Thudt ngd an sinh xd hoi Viet Nam Vien Khoa hpc Lao dpng va Xa hpi 12 GIZ va ILSSA (2013) Phdt triin hi thong an sinh xd hgi din 2020 Vien Khoa hpc Lao dpng va Xa hpi 13 GIZ va ILSSA (2016) Xu hudng lao dong vdxd hgi VietNam Vien Khoa hpc Lao dpng vaXa hoi http://www.mpi.gov.vn/Pages/tinbai.aspx?idTin=35899&idcm=207 Dang 15/2/2017 14 Le Tuyen Cu (2011) Dieu kien lao dgng vd d&i song cua cong nhdn khu cong nghiep, khu kinh ti http://khucongnghiep.com.vn/nghiencuu/tabid/69/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/396/iu-kin-Iao-ngv-i-sng-ca-cng-nhn-KCN-KKT.aspx 15 Nguyen Dinh Khoa (2019) Chinh sdch xd hoi doi v&i cong nhdn tgi KCN Phu Tdi, tinh Binh Dinh Luan an tiin si Hpc vien KHXH 16 Nguyen Diic Loc va Nguyen Van Hiep (2015) Phuc lgi xd hoi - Hien trgng vd mirc tiep can cua edng nhdn nhdp cu tgi cdc khu cong nghiep tinh Binh Duang Nxb Chinh tri Quoc gia - Su that Ha Npi 17 Nguyin Hoang Hiin (2016J, Khu cong nghiep Viet Nam: Thuc trang va giai phap Tgp chi Chdu My ngdy nay, so 1, tr.36-42 18 Nguyen Hiiu Diing (2014) An ninh viec Idm boi cdnh todn cdu hoa vd hgi nhgp quoc te: Kinh nghiem the gi&i vd bdi hgc rut cho Viet Nam Tham luan tai Hpi thao khoa hpc "Nhiing van de ly luan, phucmg phap luan va phuang phap nghien ciiu dam bao an ninh ngudi bii canh toan cau h6a va hpi nhap quoc te" Ha Npi 10/12/2014.http://wvi*Tv.vass.gov.vn/noidung /tintuc/Lists/TinTucHoiNghiHoiThao/View_Detail.aspx?ItemId=865 19 Nguyen Thi Khoa (2016) Phdt trien dich vu xd hgi cho nguai lao dong tgi cdc KCN trin dia bdn TP HCM Luan an tiin si Dai hoc Qu6c gia Ho Chi Minh 20 Nguyen Thi Lan Hucmg (2009/ Bdnh gid thuc trgng an ninh linh hoat cdp doanh nghiep & Viet Nam Vien Khoa hpc lao dpng va xa hpi 21 Nguyen Thi Thu Lan {2001) Gido due vd ddo tgo ddp img phdt trien nguon nhdn luc cdc khu cong nghiep Bong Nai th&i ki cong nghiep hoa, hien dgi hoa Luan an Tien sy Giao due Vien Chien lupc va Chuang trinh dao tao 22 Nguyen Thudng Lang (2008) An ninh thu hut dau tu nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam dieu kien hpi nhap kinh te quoc te Tgp chi Nghien cuu Chdu Phi vd Trung dong, so 8(36), tr.47-56 23 Pham Cong Tuan, Phan Thi Thiiy Chinh, Nguyen Thiiy Quynh va Tran Thi Thu Thiiy (2016).Dieu kien lao dpng cua cong nhan nu nganh san xuat da giay tai mot so KCN d Viet Nam Tgp chi Y ti cong cgng, s6 41, thang 3/2016 24 Phan Thi Kim Phuang (2004/ Lao dpng nhap cu cac KCN d Binh Duong, Thuc trang va giai phap Tgp chi Lao dgng vd Xd hgi, so 252, tr.30-32, 25 Ta Thi Doan (2011) Lao dong viec lam cua cong nhdn khu cong nghiep vung kinh te trgng diim Bdc Bo; Thuc trgng vd hdm y chinh sdch Nxb Lao dpng Ha Npi P H A T T R I E N B E N VITNG V O N G Q U Y E N 9, SO (6/2019) LY LUAN - TRAO Ddi 26 Thanh Huong (2010) Tinh hinh thuc hien phap luat lao dong cac khu cong nghiep d Ha Npi Tgp chi Lao dgng vd Xd hgi, so 392, tr7-8 27 Tong cue Thong ke (2017) Thong cdo bdo chi tinh hinh kinh te - xd hgi thdng ddu ndm 2077.http://www.gso.gov.vn/Default.aspx?tabid=382&IteraID=18470 28 Tran Viet Tien (2009) Ddi song cong nhan cac khu cong nghiep d Viet Nam Tgp chi Kinh ti vd phdt triin sd 144, n-.26-29 29 Tran Viet Tien (2012) Chinh sach viec lam a Viet Nam: Thyc trang va dinh hudng hoan thien Tgp chi Kinh te vdphdt trien, so 181, tr.40-47 30 Tran Xuan Cau (2007) Siic ep lao dpng nhap cu cac khu cong nghiep va chinh sach doi vai hg Tgp chi Kinh le vdphdt triin, so 119, tr.8-10 31 Trinh Trudng Son (2016) Dinh huang vd chinh sdch phdt trien nhd a cho cong nhdn khu cong «g/(iep.htpp://khucongnghiep.com.vn/dinhhuong/tabid/65/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/1710/nhhng-chnh-sch-pht-trin-nh—cho-cng-nhn-KCN.aspx 32 Vuong VTnh Hiep (2014) Cdc nhdn to dnh hu&ng den tranh chdp lao dgng vd dinh cong - Nghien cuu dien hinh tgi cde khu eong nghiep tinh Khdnh Hoa Luan an Tien sy Trudng Dai hpc Kinh te Quoc dan Ha Npi Thong tin tac gia: Nguyin Thi Thuc,Th.S - Don vi cong tac: Vien Nghien ciiu Phat triin bin viing Viing, Vien Han lam Khoa hpc xahpi Viet Nam - Dia chi email: thucnguyenbb@gmail.com Tran Thi Thanh Tuyin, Th S - Dan VI cong tac: Tmng tam Nghien ciiu va Tu vin v i Phat trien Pham Hu'u Thuan - Dan vi cdng tac: Hoc vien Bao chi va Tuyen tmyen Nguyen Thj Huong Giang - Dan Vl cong tac: Tmng tam Nghien ciru va Tu vin ve Phat trien 48 Ngay nhan bai: 26/2/2019 Ngay nhan ban siia: 17/3/2019 Ngay duyet dang: 15/4/2019 PHAT TRIEN BEN V U N G V O N G Q U Y E N 9, sO (6/2019) ... toan lao dpng, an ninh thi trudng lao ddng, an ninh thu nhap, an ninh tieng ndi ciia ngudi lao ddng, an ninh ve phat trien ky nang ban than, ; va iv) ANVL mang tinh chat ca nhan, phu thudc vao... (2016) cho rang, bdi canh toan cau hda va hdi nhap qudc te, ANVL ve ban chat thudc pham tni an ninh ngudi an ninh phi truyen thdng Trong dd an ninh ngudi la phai bao ve cac gia tri co ban quan trpng... va binh dang gidi; (10) Van de trat tu, an ninh, an toan; va (I I) Tiip can co sd tang va cac dich vu cdng cpng, Hang loat cac khia canh lien quan tren van la nhiing van de ndng bdng, hang ddi
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