DOil SONG CUANGUOil L A O D O N G TRONG CAC KHU CONG NGHIEP VUNG DONG BANG SONG HONG HIEN NAY TSMAITHEHdN* Vung dong bang song Hong bao gom 11 tinh, phd Trong nhiing nam gan day, vung dong bang song Hong da va dang dat dugc nhieu tau dang ke viec quy hoach, xay dung va phat trien cac khu cong nghiep (KCN) Viec xay dung vii phat trien cac KCN tap trung vimg co the xem nhu la mot nhung huong diphii hgp qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa (CNH, HDH) nong nghiep, nong thon Tuy nhien, KCNcUng lam sinh mot so van de xa hgi can quan tam, dac biet la ddi song cua nguai lao dgng cac KCN Thanh cong qua trinh phat trien cac KCN yeu la lao dong du thira nong thon Dong thdi, Tinh den nay, vung dong bang song Hong gdp phan tao them hang nghin cho lam moi (DBSH) CO 142 KCN tap trung voi tong dien tich cac doanh nghiep ve tinh chuyen cung ling dat quy hoach 75.875 va da phe duyet quy nguyen vat lieu va dich vu cho KCN hoach chi tiet 417 cum cong nghiep v6i tong Mot so dia phuang da ket hop kha tot phat dien tich dat tren 17.600 So vai ca nuac, cac trien KCN vdi van de dan sinh KCN Chang KCN vung dong bang song Hong chiem tren ban trudc nhu cau nha d cua ngudi lao dgng, 26% ve so luong va 23% v6 dien tich ak tir mot so doanh nghiep Hai Duang da manh chu nhien Cac dia phuong co nhiju KCN tap trung dgng dau tu de xay dung cac day nha d cho can la Ha Noi, Hai Phong, Vinh Phiic, BSc Ninh, bg va ngudi lag dong song xa que Viec xay dung va hinh cac KCN co quy Hung Yen va Hai Duong TO nam 2000 dgn nay, cac KCN d vung d6ng md va dugc bo tri tap trung dugc danh gia la bang song Hong da thu hut duoc 105 du an dau budc phat trien vugt bac Trong nhung nam qua, tu cua cac doanh nghiep va ngoai nu6c cac KCN tap trung vung la dgng luc quan Trong do, 83 du an dSu tu nudc ngoai vffl tong trgng gdp phan khong nho cho su phat trien kinh von ban tyUSD va 22 du an dau tu nudc te - xa hgi, gop phhn thuc day chuyen dich tu V(Si tong von gSn 500 ty d6ng Cac KCN da vung thuan nong viing kinh te trpng diem giai quyet viec lam cho han 16.000 lao dpng, chu cd toe tang trudng cao Viec hinh va phat trien cac KCN da tao dieu kien de thu hiit mot khoi luong Idn von dĐu tu cho phat trien ã Hoc men Chinh tri quoc gia Ho Chi Minh 56l2(11-2014)|TAPCH(KINHrtvAQuANLy| 39 THI/CTIIN-KINH NGHIEM edng nghiep va phat trien kinh t l - xa hdi ndi dd mde luong chinh chiem 85% thu nhap chung Co clu kinh t l chuyen dich theo hudng hang thang, cdn lai la thu nhap tam them gid, tang ty trgng cong nghiep va dich vu, giam ty phu cip, trg d p , lien thudng Ve sd tuyei trgng nong nghiep GDP vdi tdc kha ddi, thu nhap cua ngudi lao ddng KCN hon nhanh Nhilu nha may, xi nghiep, doanh nghiep thu nhap cua ngudi nong dan Nhung 70% dau tu nudc ngoai cd quy trinh san xult cdng sd cdng nhan dang lam viec tai cac KCN, khu che nghiep hien dai, cdng nghe cao dugc xay dung xult la ngudi lao ddng nhap cu, sdng xa gia dinh va phat trien, thu hiit hang nghin ty ddng va Vdi tinh hinh gia ca sinh boat nhu hien nay, ihu hang ty USD ciia eac nha dau ta va ngoai nhap cua ngudi lao ddng ve co ban ehi dil nuoi nudc Nhieu tinh, phd viing da san sdng ban than hg d mde toi ttiieu xult dugc nhieu hang hoa tieu dimg ngi dia va - Nha d eho ngudi lao dgng: su gia tang ve so san pham xult khau cd tinh eanh tranh cao lugng lao dgng nhap eu lam viec tai eac KCN vung da Iam sinh nhieu van de biic Doij song cua ngUori lao tfong cac KCN xuc cho cac dia phuang cd cac KCN, dac biet la Cac KCN vung dugc hinh va phat vin d l nha d cho ngudi lao dgng co miic thu trien da dem lai nhilu lgi ich to tdn, song ddi nhap thip Vi du tai KCN Bae Thang Long, nam sdng val chat va tinh than cua ngudi lao dgng 2012 mot phdng tro eho 2-3 ngudi co gia vin chua duoc quan tam thich dang, loi ich vat khoang 400 000 ddng/thang thi da tang ten chat va tinh than cua ngudi tao dpng van khdng trieu ddng/thang Ngoai eac chi phi khae ma dugc bao ve dung mde, tham chi cdn bi xem nhe, ngudi tao ddng phai trang trai nhu dien, nudc va bi vi pham Day la van dl dang bao ddng va la luang thuc, thuc pham cung tang ten, Vi ly nhiing nguyen nhan dan den hien tugng bai do, mot sd lugng tdn tao dgng nhap eu phai thue nha trp re han d khu vuc xung quanh KCN cdng, dinh cdng va khieu kien keo dai, Tir nam 2008 din anh hudng td nhung Nhung nha tro thudng ed chat lugng thap, bien dgng cua kinh te tren the gidi, lam phat d khdng bao dam dieu kien ve sinh va cac dieu nudc chinh sach thit chat tang irudng tin kien sdng tdi thieu khae nhu an ninh, rafli dung, v.v nen san xult cdng nghiep cua mot sd trudng, v,v Dieu anh hudng Idn den siic dia phuang vung gap khd khan Phan tdn khde ngudi tao dgng nhap eu, han ehl vi§c nghi cac KCN vung ddng bang sdng Hdng cd quy md ngai, giai tri, the thao, hoc tap, giao luu tinh vua va nho, miic dau tu thap, thieu von va kha cam v.v cua ngudi lao ddng ciing nhu anh hudng nang tiep can vdn han ehe, cdng nghe tac hau tdn den ve sinh mdi trudng cua khu virc xung nang suat ihip, kha nang canh tranh kem, chua quanh KCN, - Ddi sdng tmh t h i n cua ngudi lao ddng' han xay dung dugc thuong hieu, San xuat gap khd khan nen ddi sdng ngudi lao ddng eac KCN che ve nha d va ddi sdng vat ehll, nen ddi song cung bien ddng, dac biet la dieu kien kinh van hoa tinh than eua ngudi lao dgng c^c KCN Cling dang d i n giam siit iheo Mot ty le Idn t l suy thoai - Thu nhap cua ngudi lao dgng thu nhap la ngudi lao ddng d cac nha trg thieu cac phuong yeu td cdt loi de thu hut lao ddng vao tam viec tien nghe nhin han c h i lilp can thdng tin va tai cac KCN Mac du su phat trien cua cac KCN giao luu van hda Hien nay, hau h i t cae KCN da tao mdt khdi luong viec lam va thu nhap khdng ed nai vui chai giai tri cdng cdng: cong dang ke cho ngudi lao ddng, nhung nhin chung vien san the thao, nha hat, rap chieu phim su bat hgp ly ve tien luang eho ngudi tao dgng Nhung han chi phin nao cung tac dgng den vin cdn tdn tai cac KCN Thu nhap binh nhu clu hudng thu van hda tinh than cua ngudi quan eiia ngudi lao dgng tam viec cac lao dgng, nhung nhu clu tdi thieu nhai ma le doanh nghiep KCN td trieu din 2,5 trieu/thang, hg phai duge dap dng 40 |TAPCHfKINHTfvAQUANLy[s6l2{ll-2014) Giai quyet van Se viec lam, thu nhap va dtfi song ctia ngircri lao dong cac KCN Mot la, quan triet quan diem kit hgp chal ehe giira phat tnen kinh te vdi van boa xa hgi cac chinh sach xay dung va phat trien cac KCN Trudc het, eac d p uy Dang, ehinh quyen, eac Ban Quan ly KCN viing, cac Hgi ddng quan tri, Tong Giam ddc, Giam ddc va chu cac doanh nghiep phai nhan thuc lai mot each dung dan vl quan diem kit hgp phat trien kinh te vdi phat tnen van hda-xa hgi la ddng luc la yiu td ngi sinh de thiic day su phat trien Do vay phai kien quyet chi dao va giai quylt nhung van de bdc xue eua ngudi lao ddng cac KCN nhu: Bao dam viec lam, che tien luang tuang xdng vdi cong sdc eua ngudi lao ddng Cd chinh sach ve trudng hoe, nha tre, mau giao, xay dung cac thiet che van hda d cae KCN de ngudi lao dgng cd nai vui chai, giai tri Thgc hien ciiinh sach uu dai ddi vdi viec xay dung nha d xa hgi cho ngudi lao dgng cac KCN Khan truong xay dung va ban hanh luat tien luang tdi thieu nham gop phin dn dmh cugc sdng cho ngudi lao dgng eac KCN Hai la, giai quyet tdt van de tien luang, tien thudng eho ngudi lao ddng cae KCN Nha nudc can dua mde quy dinh luong san de doanh nghiep khdng dua mde thap ban, ma phai can cd vao quyet dinh mde luang san tra cho ngudi lao dgng, Thdng thadng, viec tra luong theo nang luc, dilu kien cua mdi doanh nghiep khae Song d nhieu doanh nghiep hoat ddng linh vuc gia cdng, vdi nang suit thip, nen mde luang ho tra cho ngudi lao ddng kho cd the cao, ma chi xung quanh luong tdi thieu Do vay, Nha nudc phai tang cudng nghien cuu mire luong san, bao dam ddi sdng ngudi lao dong, nhung mat khae phai dam bao su tdn tai va phat tnen eua doanh nghiep Ba la, tang cudng vai tro cua cac td chdc doan the n h i t la cdng doan de bao ve quyen lgi cua ngudi lao dgng, , ^ Nang cao ddi sdng vat chat va tinh than eho ngudi lao dgng cac KCN phu thuoc rat Idn v^o boat dgng cua cac td chdc chinh tri - xa hgi - nghe nghiep dai dien cho hg, Thue te cho thay, d noi nao td chdc manh thi d sdc manh eua ddi ngu cdng nhan va ngudi tao dgng cung manh ten, Vl vay can ed bien phap nang cao hieu qua boat dong cua cac to chdc cdng doan, tnen khai thuc hien nhieu hoat dgng cd lien quan den quyen va tgi ich cua cong nhan nhu giam sat viec mua bao hiem che tien luang thudng, nghi te nghi tit,, Td chue cac hoat dgng vui chai giai tri cho edng nhan, tao dieu kien cho cdng nhan hoc tap nang cao tay nghe Bon la, can quy hoach eac KCN mot each hgp ty Chinh quyen nai co KCN hoat dong phai tao dieu kien nang cao ddi sdng cho ngudi lao dpng thong qua viec quy hoach cae KCN hap Iy, tranh tinh trang tap trung qua nhieu KCN tren mdt dia ban, dan den tinh trang tap trung qua nhieu ngudi lao dgng ca va ngoai tinh, gay kho tdian cho viec tuyen dung lao dgng va gay ap tUe tdn ddi vdi tang xa hoi, Nang cap va xay dgng mdi tang ky thuat ngoai hang rao (benh vien trudng hge khu thuang mai, khu giai tri ) Khi xay dung KCN gan vdi viec quy hoach khu dan cu, khu nha d cho cdng nhan, timg budc thue hien de dap irng nhu cau thgc te cho ngudi lao dpng Quy hoach eac KCN phai gan vdi viec xay dung cac dd thi cdng nghiep Nam la, nang eao ve kien thdc phap luat can thiet cho ngudi tao dong Viec nang cao hieu bilt phap luat cho ngudi tao dong, giup ngudi lao dgng cd nhan thuc day du ve chli truong, dudng ldi eua Dang, chinh sach phap luat eua nha nudc, Tao dieu kien cho ho tiep can vdi nhCrng thdng tin lanh manh, cd ban linh vung vang trudc nhung tac ddng da chieu md rdng giao luu qude tl Tang eudng cung cap bao chi cho ngudi lao dgng de hg CO thdi quen quan tam tim hieu ve dudng ldi ehu truong eua Dang, phap luat eiia nha nudc va tinh hinh thdi su chinh tri, xa hgi, thong qua cac chuang trinh truyen hinh sach bao; Qua giup hg nam bat dugc tinh hinh dat nudc Dilu dd, cung gdp phan lam cho viec tranh chip tao dong va tinh trang dinh eong dugc han chi, an ninh chinh tri tirng budc duoc bao dam S612(11-2014)|TAPCHIKINHT^VAQUANLY| 41 ... eho ngudi lao dgng: su gia tang ve so san pham xult khau cd tinh eanh tranh cao lugng lao dgng nhap eu lam viec tai eac KCN vung da Iam sinh nhieu van de biic Doij song cua ngUori lao tfong cac... kinh van hoa tinh than eua ngudi lao dgng c^c KCN Cling dang d i n giam siit iheo Mot ty le Idn t l suy thoai - Thu nhap cua ngudi lao dgng thu nhap la ngudi lao ddng d cac nha trg thieu cac... tdian cho viec tuyen dung lao dgng va gay ap tUe tdn ddi vdi tang xa hoi, Nang cap va xay dgng mdi tang ky thuat ngoai hang rao (benh vien trudng hge khu thuang mai, khu giai tri ) Khi xay dung