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DIEN OAN TRAO 001 Tl/ DUY LY LUAN CUA OANG V^ PHAT TRIEN DICH VU XA HOI TRONG CONG CUOC DOl MOI PGS, TS DOAN MINH HUAN Phdt triin dich vu xd hpi Id vdn de mdi me doi vai nudc ta qud trinh chuyin tir thi chi kinh ti ki hogch hoa tap trung bao cdp sang the chi kinh ti thi trudng dinh hudng XHCN Nhitng thdnh tuu dat duac vi phdt triin gido due - ddo tao, khoa hoc - cong nghi, y ti, vdn hoa - nghi thuat, thi due - the thao, diu gdn lien vdi cdc budc phdt trien tu ly ludn ciia Ddng; nhitng hgn chi, yiu kem cua cdc linh vuc ndy ciing co nguyen nhdn sdu xa tic nhiing lung tung nghien cuu ly ludn vi dich vu xd hpi Bdi viet ndy budc ddu tim hiiu su chuyin biin tu ly ludn cua Ddng vi phdt triin dich vu xd hpi qua 25 ndm doi mdi, dong thdi neu len nhitng vdn de cdn phdi dip tuc nghien cicu, bo sung, phdt trien Trong cong cudc ddi mdi toan dien chdm soc vd bdo vi sice khoe ciia nhdn dat nude, dich vu xa hpi timg budc dugc ddn; Ve mpt so nhiem vu vdn hoa, van nghe doi mdi va co each tiep can khac vdi thdi nhitng ndm trudc mat; Nghi quyet HNTl/ ky tri mo hinh kinh te "cdng huru, ke khda VIII (12-1996) Vi phdt triin gido due hoach hoa, phi thi trudng" Nghi quyet cac vd ddo tgo, Nghi quyet HNTl/ khoa Vlll Dai hpi VI (12-1986), VII (6-1991), VIII (7-1998) Vi xdy dung nin vdn hoa Viet (6-1996), IX (4-2001), X (4-2006) da tao Nam tien tien, ddm da bdn sdc ddn tdc; Ket khung kho the che lanh dao cho ddi mdi luan cua HNTU* khda IX Ve tiip tuc thuc quan ly va phat trien dich vu xa hpi, sau dd hiin Nghi quyit Trung uang hai khoa VIII dugc cu the hoa bang cac nghi quyet vi phdt triin gido due vd ddo tao; Nghi chuyen de Dd la cae van kien: Nghi quyet quyet so 46/NQ-TW ciia Bp Chinh tri vi HNTU" khoa VII (1-1993) Vi tiip tuc ddi cong tdc bdo ve, chdm soc sice khoe nhdn mdi su nghiep gido due vd ddo tgo; Vi ddn tinh hinh mdi (2005); Ket luan nhicng vdn di cdp bach cua su nghiep cua HNTLT 10 khda IX vl tilp tuc thuc hien Nghi quylt HNTl/ Khda VIII (2005) Ve xdy dung vd phdt triin nin vdn * Pho Giam doc Hoc vien CT-HC Khu vue I 52 TAP CHi LICH SIJ D A N G - SO 2/2011 DIEN OAN TRAO 001 hoa Viet Nam tien tiin, ddm da bdn sdc ddn tpc Cae van kien neu tren da tao khung khd the ehe eho md rdng quy md, nang cao chat lugng, chuyln ddi md hinh to chiic cung ling va hdi nhap qudc t l cua dich vu xa hpi nudc ta Nhiing npi dung dd thi hien d cac budc chuyln sau day: Mpt Id: Chuyin tie cho xem gido due ddo tgo, khoa hoc - cdng nghe, y ti, vdn hda - nghi thuat, thi due - thi thao la nhiing phdn hi thupc linh vuc van hoa - xd hpi cd vi tri dpc lap vdi kinh ti sang dgt chung van hdnh quan hi thi trudng, chiu diiu tiet ciia thi trudng, co quan hi tuang tdc vdi cdc ITnh vuc khdc cua kinh ti dich vu vd tong thi dai song ddt nudc Den ti-ude Dai hdi X (4-2006), cac nghi quyet ciia Dang van chua su dung khai niem dich vu xem xet quan he giiia ehii the cung irng va doi tugng tieu dung san pham cua giao due, y te, van hda - nghe thuat, the due - the thao, du tren thue te da thira nhan quan he khdng day dii cua chiing vdi thi ti-udng Nghi quylt H N T l / khda VIII (81999) lan dau tien neu khai niem dich vu cong, nhung chi gidi ban d dich vu hanh , chinh cong "Chien luge phat trien kinh te xa hpi giai doan 2001 - 2010" Dai hpi IX (4-2001) thdng qua neu dmh hudng phat trien cdc ngdnh dich vu thi van chi gidi ban cac nganh dich vu kinh te Tuy vay, van kien ciing da budc dau ggi md cac yeu td cho su dinh hinh each tiep can dich vu xa hdi: "Phat triln manh eae dich vu ky thuat, dich vu tu vin san xuit, kinh TAP CHi UCH SU'OANG - SO 2/2011 doanh va ddi song xa hpi"' Dai hpi X (42006) CO quan dilm ro rang chuyen mo hinh phat triln giao due - dao tao, y tl, van hoa - nghe thuat, thi due - the thao tir each tilp can phuc lgi cong cpng sang dich vu xd hpi Nghi quyet Dai hpi X nhan manh: "Phat trien cae dich vu phap luat, kiem toan, bao hiem, khoa hpe va cdng nghe, giao due va dao tao, y te, van hda, thong tin, the thao; tang va nang cao chat lugng dich vu viec Iam, an sinh xa hdi"^ Dieu dac biet la Dai hpi X eiia Dang da xem giao due va dao tao, y te, khoa hpc va cdng nghe, van hda, the due, the thao la dich vu cong cpng Sir xac lap khai niem dich vu d day nam qua trinh cau tnic lai chirc nang ciia Nha nudc tir nhd nudc qudn tri sang ket hgp giiia nhd nudc qudn tri va nhd nudc dich vu Hai Id: Chuyin tit viec xem phdt triin dich vu xd hpi nhdm md rpng phiic loi phi thu nhdp sang quan niim ddu tu cho phdt triin von ngudi - ca sa trudc hit cho viec dua gido due - ddo tgo, y ti, vdn hoa nghe thuat, thi due - thi thao, khoa hoc cong nghi van hdnh theo ca chi "dich vu" Cac quan diem thudng duge nhan manh van kien Dang la: Giao due va dao tao cung vdi khoa hpc va cong nghe la quoc sach hang dau, phat trien van boa la nen tang tinh than cho xa hpi, siic khoe la von quy eiia nhan dan Nghi quyet HNTl/ khda VII (1993) bat dau neu quan diem bang nhan manh "coi dau tu cho giao due la mpt nhirng hudng chinh ciia dau tu 53 DIEN DAN TRAO DOI phat trien"" Dau tu eho giao due - dao tao chinh la mpt yeu to "dau vao" cua chu trinh san xuat, dam bao eho ngudn nhan lire chuyen hoa vdn nhan lire, nang cao siic canh tranh eiia nen kinh te tii tang ti-udng theo chieu rdng sang dan tang trudng theo chieu sau dua tren chat lugng vdn nhan lire va trinh dp khoa hpc - cong nghe Hoac phat trien y te ciing dugc nhan thiie khdng chi nham nang cao siic khoe de song ed ich, keo dai moi thp, ma cdn dam bao sice khoe thi chdt vd sue khoe thdn kinh eita lao dpng tiong cac qua trinh san xuat Phat trien the due - the thao eiing ddng gdp vao nang eao siic khoe eiia eon ngudi, dam bao ngudn nhan lire trudng Phat trien van hda nghe thuat cung hudng tdi muc tieu khong chi nang eao miic dp thu hudng gia tri tinh than, ma phat trien xa hdi lanh manh, ngudi song eo nhan each, van boa, gia tri tham my - mpt yeu td cau chat lugng cua nguon nhan lue va gop phan vao tang cudng nang lire canh tranh qude gia So vdi cac ITnh vue khac, khoa hpc - cong nghe CO vai tro true tiep doi vdi viec tang nang suat, chat lupng san xuat, nang eao siic canh tranh ciia nen kinh te, nen mice dp thi trudng hda dugc dat cao hon cae loai hinh dich vu xa hpi khac Tuy nhien, chuyen din quan niem phat trien dich vu xa hdi tii' chilu canh phitc lai xa hpi sang chieu canh ddu tu phdt triin thi Dang van xem phat trien djch vu xa hpi vi eon ngudi, giai quylt hai hoa mii quan he giira muc tieu va phucmg tiin 54 phat trien ngudi Dugc cham sdc siic khoe, dugc hpc hanh, dugc sing ed van hoa, dao ly la nhiing quyln eon ngudi co ban the gidi van minh Diu tu eho ITnh vuc dich vu xa hpi khdng chi nhim tao mpt ylu td "dau vao" vdi tu each la phuang tien ciia qua trinh tang trudng kinh te, ma ban than no eon nham nang cao mice song, chdt luang song ciia eon ngudi nhd vdn hieu bilt duge nang eao, siic khde the chit va siic khde than kinh duge dam bao, mdi ti-udng van hoa duge cai thien Su phat trien ciia eon ngudi se gdp phan tri xa hpi tiong trat tu ky cuong, lanh manh, han chl cac van nan xa hpi hoac siic y doi vdi nin kinh te va xa hpi that hpc, tat benh, dao dtic suy ddi, van hda thap kem Ba Id: Chuyin tic chu nghia binh qudn phdn phoi cdc sdn phdm dich vu xd hpi sang kit hap giita thuc hiin cong bdng thu huang dich vu xd hpi vdi tdn trgng nhu cdu cua bp phdn nhdn ddn co thu nhdp cao; giita dap icng cdc nhu cdu dich vu xd hpi ca bdn, thiit yiu mang tinh cdng cpng vdi nhu cdu dich vu xd hpi cd nhdn tiiy theo khd ndng chi trd, tudn theo quan hi thi trudng Dieu dd dugc dam bao bang cac nguyen tac cdng bang giao due, Nha nudc dap ung cac dich vu giao due eo ban, thiet yeu, dau tu vimg sau, vung xa, vimg ngheo, cac doi tugng ehinh sach, giiip nhiing ddi tugng cd co hdi tiep can dich vu giao due; Nha nudc dong vai tro ehu dao cung iing dich vu y tl, thuc hien bao hiem y te nham chia se trach TAP CHi L|CH SLF OANG - SO 2/2011 DIEN OAN TRAO DOI nhiem xa hdi giiia ngudi khde manh va ngudi tat benh; cung cip miln phi dich vu phat thanh, truyin hinh, nghien eiiu co ban, Dong thdi, cho phep hinh cae dich vu xa hdi ehi tra theo kha nang nham dap ling nhu ciu xa hdi cang phan hoa Dieu phan anh sir van dung hgp Iy quy luat thj trudng vao qua trinh phat trien dich vu xa hdi, dong thdi khang dinh dac thii eiia dich vu xa hpi thiet yeu, co ban gan vdi trach nhiem Nha nude Bon Id: Chuyin tir cho xem Nhd nuac Id chil thi nhdt hogch dinh chinh sdch, to chicc cung icng dich vu vd chi trd phi sang da dang hda cdc chit thi tham gia Day la mpt npi dung trpng yeu eiia xa hpi hoa ma cac nghi quyet ciia Dang thudng nhan manh Vi hogch dinh chinh sdch, tir chd Nha nudc ap dat each lam eho cac don vi cung ling dich vu sang thu hiit sir tham gia ciia ngudi tieu dung dich vu xay dimg chinh sach, giao quyen tu chii cho cac don vj cung ling dich vu xay dung chien lupc, phuong hudng hoat dpng, td chiic nhan sir Vi to chicc cung icng, tu chd Nha nudc ddc quyen cung iing dich vu xa hdi sang thu hiit sir tham gia cua tu nhan, cua cac to chiic xa hdi, gia dinh, tao su canh tranh khu vuc cdng va giira khu vue cong vdi khu vuc tu phat trien dich vu xa hpi Tao co sd cho ddi mdi nay, Dai hdi IX yeu cau: "Tach co quan hanh chinh cong quyen vdi to ehiic su nghiep Khuyen khich va hd trg cac td chiic boat dpng khong vi Igi nhuan ma vi nhu eau va lgi ich TAP CHi LjCH SU' O A N G - SO 2/20111 ciia nhan dan; tao dieu kien thuan lgi eho cac t l chiic thue hien mpt so dich vu cong vdi su giam sat ciia cdng ddng""* Vi chi trd phi, tir chd Nha nude ehi tra toan bp phi theo nguyen tie binh quan, cao bang, sang linh boat hon ea che ehi tra phi tiiy theo tinh thudn cdng (Nha nude tra toan phin), d cong (Nha nude tra mdt phan) hay cd nhdn (tu nhan tu ehi tra theo quan he thi trudng) eiia dich vu xa hdi Ndm Id: Cdc chiin luac phdt triin kinh ti - xd hpi cua Ddng luon nhdn mgnh den khia canh dgo ly, nhdn vdn cua dich vii xd hpi nen khong thudn chay theo thi trudng, khong dong nhdt giita xd hpi hda vdi thuang mgi hda dich vu xd hpi Van dung quy luat thi trudng vao phat trien dich vu xa hdi thuc chat la van dung khdng hoan hao, phai chap nhan su diiu tiit bdi hi gid tri xd hpi, dgo ly truyin thdng Do ciing la ly cat nghTa cac chii truang phat trien dich vu giao due ludn nhan manh den dao diic ngudi thay va nhan each hpe tro; phat trien dich vu y te ludn nhan manh den y diic ngudi thay thude; td chirc le hpi truyen thdng luon phe phan cae khuynh hudng thi trudng hda lam mat di cdi thieng eau ban sac van hda Sdu Id: Chuyin tie hi thdng dich'-vu xd hpi khep kin sang hi thong dich vu xd hpi md, hpi nhdp vdi thi giai, chdp nhdn canh tranh Trudc gia nhap To chiie Thuang mai The gidi (WTO), cac hgp tac quoc te ve giao due-dao tao, y te, the due - the thao 55 DIEN DAN TRAO 001 khoa hpc - cdng nghe, van hda - nghe thuat da diln nhung ehua gan vdi quan he thi trudng Viec ky ket Hiep dinh Thuang mai Viet-My (2001), dac biet la tir gia nhap WTO, da md kha nang mdi cho xuat khiu dich vu xa hpi cua nudc ta va nhap khiu dich vu xa hdi tir cac nudc vao phuc vu nhu eau nhan dan ta, dd nhap khau dich vu giao due va dich vu y te luon la ehii dl "ndng" nhat Ben canh nhiing chuyen bien ve tu Iy luan eiia Dang, van edn nhieu van de cin phai dugc tiep tue nghien ciiu thdi gian tdi Mpt Id: Trong nhieu nghi quyet cua Dang, phat trien dich vu xa hdi dugc de cap d nhieu phuang dien khac Khi ban ve phat trien giao due - dao tao, khoa hgc cong nghe, the due - the thao, cham sdc siic khoe, vdi phuang dien phiic lgi xa hpi thudng dugc ket cau phan he - ITnh vuc van hoa - xa hpi Khi ban ve cai each, doi mdi CO che quan ly thudng dugc de cap gan vdi cai each td chiic bd may nha nudc, chu yeu la tach qoan ly don vi su nghiep cdng khoi quan ly hanh chinh nha nude Khi ban dudi gdc dp ddi mdi the che kinh te, CO mpt sd dich vu xa hdi dugc gan vdi phat trien ddng bp cac loai thi trudng, ea ban la dich -vu khoa hpc - cdng nghe Khi ban din chinh sach xa hpi, mpt sd van de lai dugc ket eau d npi dung nay, nhu dich vu trg giiip xa hdi, bao hiem xa hdi, Dieu dan tdi nhirng khd khan cho nhan thiic mang tinh he thdng ve dich vu xa hdi ciing nhu tao nen cac each hiiu khac ve phat trien dich vu xa hdi va ddi mdi quan ly dich vu xa hdi Hai Id: Trong qua trinh thuc hien xa hpi hda cac dich vu xa hdi chua phan biet that ro ranh gidi giiia dich vu xa hdi thuan cong va dich vu xa hdi khdng thuan cdng (a cong) Vi vay, cd noi, cd liic thuc hien xa hpi hoa chua diing nhu mong dpi ciia Dang va nhan dan Hon niia, thieu nhiing van ban hudng dan eu the hda nhiing ndi dung, yeu ciu thuc hien xa hpi hda cac dich vu xa hdi, cho nen, nhieu nai, nhieu liic hieu va tien hanh xa hpi hda chii yeu d huy dpng ngudn luc tdi chinh ma khdng kem theo xa hdi hoa cac hogt dpng phi tdi chinh ciia qua trinh quan ly phat trien dich vu xa hdi Ba Id: Chua cd sir phan biet rd rang cac cap dp dich vu qudc gia, dich vu viing, dich vu dia phucmg vd dich vu cpng ddng Vi vay, gay khd khan va chdng cheo quan ly dich vu, nhat la xac dinh trach nhiem chinh quyen trung uang va chinh quyen dja phuang, chinh quyen tirng dia phuang va hiep quan giiia cac dia phuang viing, trach nhiem cua cpng dong va kha nang phat huy vai trd cpng dong cung ling dich vu xa hdi Dieu dd dan tdi liing tiing qua trinh phan cip quan ly phat trien dich vu, dia phuong dim day trach nhiem len Trung uong va Trung uong khdng bao quat het cac van de quan ly phat triln dich vu xa hdi cip dia phuang, su han che he thdng dich vu xa hdi cip vung cac dia phuang canh TAP CHi LICH SU D A N G - SO 2/2011 DIEN OAN TRAO DOl ti-anh khong lanh manh Bdn Id: Chua phan biet that rd rang ranh gidi nhiing dich vu xa hdi boat dpng theo nguyen tae phi lgi nhuan vdi nhirng dich vu xa hdi boat dpng theo nguyen tic Igi nhuan, hi dieu ehinh bdi nhiing dao luat khac (Luat Doanh nghiep hoac Luat td chiic phi lgi nhuan) Dieu din tdi khdng it don vi su nghiep ngoai cdng lap thuc hien kinh doanh nhu mdt doanh nghiep nhung lai an nap dudi hinh thiic don vi sir nghiep phi Igi nhuan, gay tdn that eho Nha nude va can trd ngudi cd thu nhap thap tiep can cac dich vu xa hdi khu vuc ngoai cdng lap cung cap Do la ehua ke den, nhieu don vi sir nghiep cong lap dii boat ddng theo nguyen tae phi lgi nhuan, thuc hien ehiic nang cung iing dich vu mien phi, nhung van tim each thu phi dugc "ehe day" dudi nhieu hinh thiic khac nhau, gay nhuc nhdi xa hpi Ndm la: Chua xac dinh rd rang trdch nhiem va gidi hgn cua timg chii the tham gia phat tiien dich vu xa hdi (nha nudc, doanh nghiep, xa hdi) d tung khau: hoach dinh chinh sach, to chiic cung iing dich vu va chi tra phi dich vu, vi the nhieu noi ddng nhat iiy quyin cho tu nhan vdi tu nhan hda, vira lam giam trach nhiem cua Nha nudc, vua khdng phat huy dugc diing nghTa chiic nang ciia khu vuc ngoai nha nude tham gia phat trien dich vu xa hpi Dieu dd chua phan anh diing ban chat ciia qua trinh xa hpi hda dich vu xa hpi vu xa hdi nhim khic phuc cac khuyet tat ciia thi ti-udng gidi han ciia Nha nudc Thieu nhiing khung khd phap ly can thiet cho cac td ehiic xa hpi tham gia phat trien dich vu xa hpi, nhit la cac dich vu xa hpi boat dpng theo nguyen tae phi lgi nhuan, de cao yeu td dao Iy, nhan van, nhan dao Mdt sd phuong thiic cung ling dich vu xa hdi truyen thdng cd nguy CO bi thuang mai hda, thieu mpt ehinh sach rd rang ddi vdi khu vuc dich vu xa hpi tmyen thdng trudc cac thach thiic eiia thj trudng ciing nhu nguy co mai mdt Sdu Id: Cdc td chuc xd hpi vd khu vuc dich vu xd hpi truyin thong chua dugc nhin nhan va phat huy diy du cung iing dich bieu todn qudc ldn thicX, CTQG, H, 2006, tr 202 TAP CHi UCH SU' D A N G - SO 2/2011 Su chuyen bieri tu Iy luan neu tren ve dich vu xa hdi cho thay Dang ta da ed nhieu budc tien doi mdi quan ly phat trien dich vu xa hpi gan vdi qua trinh xac lap the ehe kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng XHCN va ehii ddng, tich cue hdi nhap quoc te Tuy nhien, nhirng van de cdn bd ngd ddi hdi phai tiep tuc nghien ciiu, lam sang td them, nham tao khung kho the che lanh dao cho phat trien dich vu xa hdi thdi gian tdi, dam bao dich vu xa hpi vira tham gia tich cue vao cau tnic lai mo hinh tang trudng kinh te, vira gia tang phiic lgi phi thu nhap ddi vdi nhan dan, gdp phan dinh hinh cac gia tri cua CNXH timg budc di va timg ehinh sach ddi mdi Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Vdn kien Dgi hdi Ddng thai ky ddi mai (Dgi hdi VI, VII, VIII, IX), CTGQ, H, 2005, tr 713, 745 Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Vdn kien Dgi hdi dgi Dang Cpng san Viet Nam: Vdn kien Ddng Todn tap, CTQG, H, 2007, T.52, tr 507 57 ... Iy luan eiia Dang, van edn nhieu van de cin phai dugc tiep tue nghien ciiu thdi gian tdi Mpt Id: Trong nhieu nghi quyet cua Dang, phat trien dich vu xa hdi dugc de cap d nhieu phuang dien khac... tao nen cac each hiiu khac ve phat trien dich vu xa hdi va ddi mdi quan ly dich vu xa hdi Hai Id: Trong qua trinh thuc hien xa hpi hda cac dich vu xa hdi chua phan biet that ro ranh gidi giiia dich
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