THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
TRlfiTHOC, S6 10 (317), THANG 10 - 2017 NANG LlTC Tir DUY LY LU^LN VA MQT S6 YEU TO ANH HtTdNG DEN NANG LU'C TU" DUY LY LUAN Vo Minh Hieu' ' Th^c sT, Tru6ng Trung cdp Ky thu|t nghiap vu Cii Bi Email: hieuvmdt@gmai.com Nhin ngiy 15 thing nim 2017 Ch^p nh^ ding ngiy thing 10 nim 2017 Tom tdt: Trong bai viit, tae gia luan giai, ldm rd cac khdi nifm: Ndng lyc, ning lyc tu duy, nang lyc tu 1;^ ludn Tfl do, tac gia dd phan tieh vai ttd eua mft so ylu to anh hudng tdi nang lyc tir 1^ lugn, nhu yeu to sinh vgt, di truyin, cac yeu t l xa hfi, nhan t l hogt dpng thyc tiin Neu ylu to sinh vgt, di truyen la eo sd sinh hpc, Id dieu kifn cdn efla ndng lye tu 1^ lugn, thi eac yeu xS hpi va boat dfng thyc tien cd vai ttd quan trpng dli vdi sy phat ttiln ciia ndng lyc Tu khoa: Tu ly lugn, nang lye tu ly luan, ylu to dnh hudng din ndng lyc tu ly lugn Ndng lyc t u Iy lugn va cac ddc t n m g cu ban ciia no Trong bdt k^ ITnh vyc hoat dfng ndo efla eon ngudi, du gian don hay phflc tgp, ciing deu cd nhihig ydu cdu nhdt djnh Nlu cdc d|e tinh cd nhdn ddp flng dugc nhiing yeu cdu do, thi hg td Id ngudi ed ndng lyc de tidn hanh boat dgng vd boat dfng cd kit qua eao, ngugc lgi la ngudi khong cd ndng lye Theo Tit diln tilng Vift - Hodng Phd (chfl bidn): "Ndng lyc: L Khd ndng, diiu ki^n chu quan hode tu nhiin sdn cd di thuc hi$n m0t hogt dgng ndo do; Phdm chdt tdm ly vd sinh l^ tgo cho eon ngudi khd ndng hodn thdnh mdt logi hogt dgng ndo vdi ehdt lugng cao" [1, tt.260] Khdi qudt lgi, ed thi djnh ngMa: Ndng lue Id tdng hop nhiing thugc tinh sinh l^, tdm l^ vd x5 hgi ciia cd nhdn tgo cho hg khd ndng dt^ ung dugc yiu cdu cua mgt hogt dgng nhdt dfnh vd ddm bdo cho hogt dgng dgt kit qud cao 80 Sic ldng hgp d day khdng phdi la sl cgng don gidn cae thuge tinh ed nhdn, ma Id sy lien hf bifn chflng, tac dgng lan gifta eac thufc tinh dd ttong mdt be thdng hodn chinh Trong dd, thufc tinh bdm sinh, di truyen, cy thd la cdu tnic cua bf ndo, kiiu logi hogt dgng cfla hf than kinh cap eao, cd dnh hudng d muc dg ndo dd den sy khac bift v l ndng lyc gitta ngudi ndy va ngudi khdc, din t i c df vd xu hudng phdt triin ndng lyc ttong mft sd ITnh vyc chuydn bift Chdng ban, ngudi cd hf than kinh thufc kiiu "nghf s f sd de ddng phdt triin ndng lyc tu hinh tugng nghf thuat ban, ngudi cd he thdn kinh thufc kiiu "nhd tu tiidng" sS de dang phat triin ndng tyc tu I^ ludn ban Tuy nMen, nhthig yeu t l bdm sinh, di truyin khdng quyit djnh toan bg sy hinh vd phdt ttidn ndng lyc, khdng quyit djnh ngi dung cua ndng lyc, bdi nhihig thugc tinh x3 hfi cfla moi ca nhdn dugc hinh thdnh vd phdt VO MINH HIEU ttidn la sy tdc ddng trye tidp cua gido due vd boat ddng cua cd nhdn dd Nang lyc tu Id ndng lyc cfla sy nhdn thfle d trinh dg ly tuih, la nang luc hogt ddng tri tuf eiia chfl the nhgn thue va ehu the boat dgng thyc tien day, kM ndi ddn ehfl the tu duy, khdng ed ngMa cM Id cdc cd nhan, ma cd the la mdt tdng Idp, mdt giai cdp, mdt dan tfc, thgm cM Id cd mft thdi dgi Nhung moi ca nhdn ngudi cu thi la Mfn thye trye tidp eiia ngudi ndi ehung, ciing nhu cfla mdl cfng ddng md hg la thdnh vien dai didn Do dd, ndng lyc tu eiia moi cgng ddng deu dugc xem xet thdng qua cd nhan, Men difn vdi tu edch Id ea nhan Ndng luc tu Id tong hgp nhGng thugc tinh cd nhdn, tgo eho cd nhdn cd khd ndng ddp Ong dugc yeu cau cua nhgn thuc cita vi$e phdt triin tri thac vd van dung tri thac vdo thirc tiin dgt kit qud cao Ndng lye tu duy, phan theo trinh df phat tridn, cd nang lyc tu kinh nghifm va ndng tyc tu ly ludn Ndng luc tu kinh nghiim td ndng lyc tu tiip thu tri thfle kinh nghifm, nang tyc bdt chudc, bidt tri va bao vf tri thiic kinh nghifm ttd thdnh nhiing ky ndng, ky xdo Chdng hgn, mft ngudi thg mfc truyen cho cdc thg hge vifc nhftng tti thfle kinh ngMfm nghl nghifp efla minh, ttong cd thg hgc vifc tiip thu, ghi nhd, tri va bdo vf dugc nhihig tri thuc kinh nghifm, bdt chude dugc nhihig thao tdc, nhung each xfl 1^ tinh hudng, nhung ky ndng, kf xdo nghl nghifp efla thay, ttd thdnh ngudi kl nghidp; cd ngudi khdng tidp thu duge, khdng Iam dugc theo kinh nghifm cua thdy phdi dli nghl Tri thuc kinh nghifm efla thdy tich luy ttong 40 ndm, cd thi ed ngudi tiip thu vd ren luyfn ttong hogt dfng nghl 30 ndm, cd ngudi tiep thu vd rdn luyfn ttong 20 nam, bode rut ngdn hon nfta, dl ed dugc kinh ngMem va tay nghe nhu efla thdy Vifc tiip thu tri thfle kinh ngMfm cfla thdy keo ddi hay rflt ngdn thdi gian Id nang lyc tu kinh nghifm va sy say me, chiu khd ren rfla nghl nghidp efla timg ngudi hgc Ndng lyc tu kinh nghiem khdng phai Id ndng lyc sang tao ttong ndi dung vd ddi mdi phuang phdp tu duy, md chfl yeu Id dflng Igi d nang lyc n&n bat van de nh^ih hay ehdm, bat chudc dua vdo tri thfle kinh ngMem nhu thd ndo Ndng lue tu /jJ lugn la nang lyc tu cd sy khdc bift ve chat so vdi nang lyc tu kmh ngMfm, ia ndng lyc tu cd su sdng tgo, linh hogt, mem deo D I thdy dugc sy khac bift ve chat giua ndng lyc tu Iy Iudn vd nang lyc tu kinh ngMfm, chflng ta phai bat ddu tfl khai mem Tren eo sd khai mfm ve tu ly Iu|n, nang lye, nang lye tu va phan bift vdi nang lyc tu kinh ngMfm nhu da trinh bdy ttdn ddy, chiing tdi dua each Mdu vd khdi mfm ndng lyc tu ly lu|n: Ndng lire tu ly lugn Id tdng hap nhirng thugc linh cd nhdn, tgo cho cd nhdn khd ndng dap ung dugc yiu cdu cua nhdn thac ly ludn, eda vi^ephdt trien tri thuc ly lu4n vd vgn dy.ng tri thac ly ludn vdo thire tiin dgt kit qud cao Nhihig thugc tinh cd nhdn duge dd c|p ttdn day la nhiing thude tinh mang tinh chat bdm sinh - di truydn, nhu ddc diem cfla hf thdn kinh vd eac co quan cdm giac, kiiu kM chat tao thdnh tu chat, tMdn hudng, ndng tchilu bode tai ndng ; nhiing thufc thih tdm 1^, nhu tinh cam, if tri, y cM, ti'nh cdeh, ndng tye, nhan cdeh; nhftng tiiufc tinh xd hgi, nhu tiinh df hgc van, mdi trudng gido dye, mdi tnrdng cMnh t4 , vd lgi Ieh ca nhan Tdng hgp nhflng thufc tinh tam, sinh ty, xd hfi dem lai cho cd nhdn kha ndng 81 NANG LVC TU DUY LY LUAN truu tugng hda, khdi quat hda, phdn anh mft edch tuong ddi toan difn, cd hf thing vd cMnh xdc, ngMa td ndm bdt dugc cdc thugc tmh bdn ehdt vd nhftng quan hf mang tinh quy lu|t cfla cdc sy v|t, Mfn tugng, xdy dyng ndn ede khdi mfm phfl hgp vdi khdeh thi dugc phdn dnh dd Di lidn vdi qud trinh dd la ndng lyc ghi nhd cdc khai mfm, phdn dodn; gM nhd cdc thao tdc Idgie, cdc quy tdc, quy lugt kit hgp khdi mfm, phan dodn, suy ly d l nhan thfle, gidi tMch vd cM khuynh hudng v^ dfng, phdt triin ciia Mfn thyc bdng dudng 1;^ lugn Dong thdi, dd cdn ta nang lye v | n dyng khdi mfm, phdn doan d l phdt triin tri tiiflc (ndng lye duyly), chflng minh chan ly va ndng lyc v | n dyng tri thfle ly lugn vao thye tiin, ndng lyc ting kit tri thfle kinh ngMfm sinh ttong hogt dfng thyc tiin, rflt nhftng nguyen tdc, nguydn if mang tinh chdt 1^ ludn Thdm vdo Id ndng lyc phdn bifn khoa hgc vd ndm bdt, phd phdn mft cdeh dfli^ ddn, sdu sde nhiing tu tudng ngyy bifn, pM Idgic vd khdng phu hgp vdi Mfn thyc Mft tindng hgp d§e bift cfla nang luc tu d trinh dg cao, Id sy linh cam, trye giac khoa hge Trye giac Id ndng lyc ndm bdt trye tiip ehdn 1^ khdng edn l|p ludn ldgic trude do, mang tinh chdt bong nhidn, bdt ngd, trye tiip khdng y thfle dugc Trye gide dya tten nhihig tri thfle kinh nghifm vd tri thuc ly Iudn dd dugc ti'eh lu5^ tfl trude; nd td kit qud boat dfng trude cfla y thfle Id sy gidn tirgc nMeu khau cfla qua trinh Igp tu|n; dd eiing td sy ddn nen tri tuf va tri thfle ddn din sy bflng no bdng nMlu thao tdc tu duy; ddng thdi, dd cdn Id sdn phdm cua tai ndng va sy say md tao dfng cfla mft sl ngudi - co sd khdng thi tMlu cho nhihig sdng tgo k^ difu, mang tinh dft phd ttong qud trinh nh|n thi^ 82 Ndng lyc tu ly ludn cdn Id ndng lyc v|n dyng mft cdeh ty gide, linh boat, sang tgo cdc phuong phap Idgic, nhu phdn tieh vd tdng hgp, phuang phdp di tfl trflu tugng din cy thi, quy nap va diln djch, Idgic va tjch su , biln chflng nhflng edng cu sde bdn va ed Mfu qud ttong vifc nh|n thfle vd edi tgo thd gidi Ly tudn dugc tdm tdt ttong phuong phap (Hegen), hay ndi each khdc, phuong phdp la kdt qua efla vifc ngudi nhdn thfle Men thye khdch quan vd tfl dd, rflt nhftng nguydn tde mang tinh djnh hudng d l tiip tyc nh|n thfle vd edi tgo thd gidi Vi v|y, ndng tye v|n dyn^ phuang phdp ldgic Id ndng lye lya chgn cae phuang phap phfl hgp vdi ddi tugng, su dyng timg phuang phap mgt each hgp ly, dflng vdi chfle ndng, nMfm vy, vj tri cfla m§i phuong phdp tiong timg giai dogn cfla qua trinh nhdn thfle; ddng thdi, qua do, tinh hf thing cfla cdc phuong phdp duge tya chgn, su dung vd tudn theo nhung nguyen tde nhdt djntL Ndng lyc lya chgn va su dyng eac phuong phap nh|n thuFC la mft ydu td quan trgng cua ndng lyc tu 1^ ludn, bdi kM dd xdc djnh dugc myc tieu tiii vifc thyc Mfn myc tieu mft edch thdnh cdng hay thdt bgi deu phuong phap quyet dinh Tdm Igi, ndng lyc tu t;^ ludn dugc tiie Mfn tten cdc m^t sau ddy: Mgt Id, ndng lyc nhdn thuc Iy lugn; hai la, ndng lyc phat trien tri tiiflc 1^ ludn; ba la, ndng lyc v|n dyng ly Iu|n vao thyc tiin; bin Id, ndng lyc phan bifn vd phd phdn; ndm Id, ndng lyc dy bdo phuong hudng p h ^ trien; sdu la, ndng lyc v|n dyng mft each linh hogt, sang tgo cdc phuong phap ttong hogt ddng nhgn thfle vd cai tgo thi gidi Do dd, kM xem x6t, cung nhu phdt triin, hay nSng cao ndng lyc tu ty tu|n, chflng ta phdi xem xdt va phdt tiiin tten tdt cd cdc m$t da dugc ndu trdn v o MINH HIEU Mft s l yeu to anh hudng tdi nang lyc tir Iy Iu$n Mgi ndng lyc cfla ngudi, cd nang lyc tu vd ndng lye tu ly ludn, ddu cd ngudn gdc ty nMen va nguin goc xa hdi Ngudn goc ty nMdn cfla ede ndng lyc Id ngudn gdc sinh v|t va cd moi lidn hf trye tidp vdi eac yeu t l bam sinh, di truyen, tu ehat va ttdn nin tang v|t ehat do, ydu t l tam l;y^, f thfle duge hinh thdnh; edn ngudn gdc xd hdi cfla cac nang lyc Id d eho, chflng dugc Mnh thdnh vd phat trien qua trinh hogt dfng xa hgi vd cM cd ngudi mdi cd, ta dieu kifn thyc tien ljch sfl - xa hdi, hodn ednh gido dye, moi trudng vd dja vj ctiinh trj, nhu cdu va lgi ich, cfla hg Sau ddy, chung tdi xem xet sy dnh budng cua mgt sd yeu td Mdl Id, yiu td sinh vdt, di truyin Dd Id nhflng ydu t l , nhu edu trfle gen, ddc dilm efla hf thdn kinh trung uong, cdc co quan cam giac Cae ylu to ndy dnh hudng tdi khd ndng tidp nhfn thdng tin, tri nhd, hf thdn kinh, tinh Hnh boat, sy nhgy cam, tri tudng tugng, khd ndng sang tgo, ndng lye phd phdn, ndng tyc phdt tridn ngdn ngft, duge quy djnh ttdn vung chflc ndng cfla vd bdn cdu dgi nao cua eon ngudi Mdc dfl yeu td sinh hgc cM la nhftng tiin dd, nhung chflng lai cyc k j quan ttgng, bdi nlu khdng ed chung tiu ngudi khdng thi phat triin dugc ndng tyc tu ly lu|n va ciing cM'nh vi thi ma tten thyc te, khdng phdi cung cd ndng Iuc tu l;y Iudn Do vdy, ndng tyc tu ty tudn phdt triin d ngudi ndy, nhung Igi khdng phat triin d ngudi khdc Tiin dh smh hgc cfla vifc phdt tiiin ndng tyc tu t^ Iudn cM ed till dugc thi Mfn vd phdt triin ttong nhflng didu kifn xd hfi nhdt dinh, ndn dilu kifn xd hfi mdi Id nhftng ylu t l mang tmh chdt quyet djnh Nhung ndng lye duge quy dinh bdi ylu td ty nMen Id nhiing ndng lyc ty nMdn Nang lye tu nhien Id ndng lye dudi dgng tidm ndng, nd cM ttd Men thyc, kM duge khoi d|y bdi nhu cdu, duge ren luypn vd phdt triin ttong tiiyc tien boat dfng cua ngudi, nhdt la ttong mdi trudng hogt dfng 1;^ Iudn Bdi le, nlu khong ed mdi tnrdng 1^ Iu|n va khdng cd nhu cdu phat tridn tu if lugn, cimg nhu khdng dugc ren luyfn ttong mdi trudng ly lugn tiu nang lyc dudi dgng khd ndng tidm nang khdng cd dieu kifn dd bgc If vd cd till cdn bj mai mdt Ve dieu ndy, dflng nhu Ph.Angghen dd khdng djnh: "Tu ly Iudn cM Id mdt dac tinh bdm sinh dudi dang ndng lyc cua ngudi ta md ed thdi Ndng Iuc ay can phai dugc phat trien hoan tMfn, va mudn hoan tMfn nd tM eho tdi nay, khdng ed mdt edeh ndo khdc hon Id ngMdn eflu todn bf tridt hgc thdi trude" [ 2, tt.487] NgMdn cttu tridt hgc ma Ph.Angghen ndi d ddy, ed thi hilu rdng Id boat dgng Iy lu|n Nhd boat ddng ly Iuan, ndng lyc tu cfla ngudi phat triin va din lugt minh, trinh dg phdt tridn cfla ndng lyc tu iy lu|n Igi quydt dinh qua trinh Mfn thuc hda nang lyc tu mang tinh chdt bdm sinh cfla moi cd nhdn Hai la, cae yiu td xd hdi dnh hudng tdi ndng lue tu ly lugn Cdc ylu td xa hfi dnh hudng tdi ndng lyc tu ty Iu|n ciia cdc ehu till dugc dl cap d day Id mdi trudng kuih td - xd hgi, mdi tiudng cMnh trj - xd hgi, gido dye, khoa hge - cdng nghf, tiinh dg hgc van vd phdng vdn hda cfla ehu the vi moi trudng kinh ti - xa h0i, la sy v | n dgng efla ddi sing sdn xudt vgt chat, co sd ddng vai ttd quydt djnh sy Mnh thanh, bidn dli vd phdt trien cua ddi sing xd hfi 83 NANG LUC TU DUY L t LUAN Do v|y, mgi Mfn tugng cfla ddi song xd hgi, nhu quan didm cMnh tri, phdp quyen, nghd thudt, tham cM ca nhung quan mfm tdn gido cM cd till dgt tdi mgt sy gidi tMch cd can cu, nlu xudt phdt tu nen san xuat xd hfi Mii tdn tgi xa hfi, nhdt Id phuong thfle sdn xuat biln ddi, tiii nhflng tu tudng vd 1^ Man xd hdi sdm hay mufn ciing cd sy biln doi theo CMdc khdng djnh: "Co sd kinh tl thay doi tiu todn bd edi kiln trfle thugng tdng sg (quan dilm chinh trj, phdp quydn, tridt hgc, dgo dflc, tdn gido, nghf thuat vd nhung tMdt ehl xa hgi tuang ung, nhu nhd nude, ddng phai, gido hdi, eac dodn thd x3 hgi TG.) ciii^ bi ddo Idn it nMdu nhanh chdng" [I, tt.l5] Vi vdy, nlu cd nhihig Iy lu|n, nhihig quan diem, tu tudng xa hdi khdc nhau, d vdo eac thdi ky ljch sfl khdc nhau, tM dd Id nhftng dilu kifn khdc cfla ddi song vat chat quy djnh V l dieu ndy, Ph.Angghen da cM ro: "Tu Iy lugn cfla mii mft thai dai, ciing cd ngMa Id ed thdi dgi chflng ta Id mft sdn phdm Ijeh sfl mang nhftng Mnh thfle rdt khdc ttong nhung thdi dai khdc vd dd ed mft nfi dung rdt khac nhau" [2, tt.487] Ndng lyc tu ly ludn Id ndng lyc nhan thuc sau sde vd nhflng dilu kidn sinh boat vdt ehdt vd di sdu vao bdn chdt cdc mdi quan hf xd hfi Ndng tyc cung Id sdn phdm efla xd hdi, nhflng dilu kifn t i n tgi xa hgi quyet djnh Ndng lyc nhfn tiiflc ly Man Id ndng lyc ma eon ngudi can phdi gidi quyit nhdm ddp flng duge nhihig ydu cdu cfla xd hfi ttong tflng thdi ky ljch sfl vd ngudi cung chi ed thi gidi quyet duge nhftng ydu cau dd ljch sfl dd tao ddy dfl nhung dilu kifn cho vifc gidi quyit ndy Theo dd, cd thd ndi, ndng lye tu ly ludn cua moi chfl thi ludn phy thufc 84 vdo mdi trudng xd hfi va dilu kifn kinh te - xd hfi quy dinh Mdi trudng chinh tri - xd hgi Id mdi trudng phdn dnh quan hf chinh trj, phdp lu|t ciia ehfl thi tu Vj tri giai cap cfla ehfl thi phan dnh nhu cdu, hiing thfl, 1;^ tudng khae eac vai ttd xd hfi cd sy khdc nhau; nd ed thd kich thich tinh ti'eh cyc, ho^c lam giam di tinh tich cue cfla tu Bdi Id, kM cdc ehfl thi nh|n thue nhung Men tugng xd hfi ttdn binh difn ly lu|n, hg khdng thd khdng tinh tdi sy quan tam cfla cac t | p doan xa hdi vide xem x€t, danh gia vd each gidi quyet vdn dl theo hudng ndy hay hudng khae KM dd, cac chu thi tu buf e phdi dflng tten l|p tiardng, quan dilm cfla mft giai cdp nhdt djnh dl nhdn thfle vd ddnh gia vdn de xuat phat tfl I|p trudng cfla giai cap do, ngMa Id, cdc ehfl the tu khdng the ttanh khdi vifc huge phdi dua nhftng phdn dodn khdng dinh hay phfl dinh doi vdi ly tu|n dugc trien khai vl vdn dd xd hgi ndy hay vdn dl xd hfi khdc Nhihig phdn doan ed gid trj nhdn thfle, nlu cae ehfl thi nh|n thiic ddnh gia hifn tugng xd hgi theo quan diem efla giai cap tidn bd, giai cap cd lap trudng trflng vdi nhu cdu tiep tye phdt ttiln xd hdi Khdng cM thi, ndng lyc tu ly ludn cdn phy thufc vdo vj tri va lgi ieh cfla chfl the tu Thdm nOa, mdi trudng cMnb tii, phdp ly lanh mmih, tich cue, tien bg, cd khd ndng gidi phdng sue sdng tao sd Iam eho ndng lye tu ly lugn cfla ehfl thi dugc thi hifn va phdt huy Gido diJic, khoa hgc - edng nghi, trinh d0 hgc vdn vd phdng vdn hda ta nhihig nhdn td ehfl dgo ttong vifc phdt triin ndng lyc tu ly lu|n cfla chfl thd v o MINH HlfiU Nang lyc tu duy, cihig nhu nang tyc tu Iy lu|n la ylu t l thufc nlidn each, md giao dye gift vai ttd chfl dgo sy phat trien nhdn cdeh Gido dye Id qua ttinh tac ddng ed f thijc, cd myc dich va cd kd hoaeh ed nhftng tri thfle vl till gidi Ian dgo dflc, loi sdng va hdnh vi nhdm Mnh thdnh, phdt trien nhdn edch ngudi theo nhflng yeu cau nhat dinh Trong gido dye vd ddo tao dgi hgc, giao dye vd ddo tgo can t>g qudn ty, vifc nang cao nang tyc tu ly tuan ta mft ydu cau ndi dung giao dye Thanh cdng cdng tae giao dye chinh td Idm cho mgi ngudi bilt ty dl eho minh nhthig myc tidu phan ddu ttong eudc sdng, bilt ty bdi dudng, ty ren luyfn, ngdy cdng hodn tMdn vd phdt tridn nhihig ndng lye cfla bdn than, dap flng ydu cdu cfla thyc tien cugc song Thdng qua qua tiinh giao dye va ty gido dye, qua trinh ddo tao vd ty ddo tao, ty ren tuyf n, ndng lyc tu t^ tudn cua cac chfl thi ddn dugc Mnh tiianh va i^ay cdng dugc nang cao cung vdi vifc nang cao tri tiiflc ly lu|n va trau doi, rdn luyfn phuong ptiap tu khoa hge Khong cd nin gido dye thirdng xuydn quan tam, coi trgng trinh df tu 1^ luan vd phdt triin ndng lyc tu ty tu|n, tM ngudi Ichdng thi ndng cao dugc ndng lyc tu ly lu|n Ndng Iuc tu ty lu|n mft tdii bj hgn che sd dan din vifc ban che kha ndng ntidn thfle cfla chu thi va kit qud hogt dfng thyc tiin sS khdng cao Nhu v|y, ed thd ndi, gido dye khdng cM gdp phdn nang cao ndng lyc tu ty ludn, ma cdn ta dfng luc tiiflc day sy phdt triin xa hgi thdng qua hogt dfng thye tiin cfla chu thi tu Gido dye, m^t mdt, cung cap eho ngudi nhung tii tiiflc, ky ndng, ky xdo; mat khdc, hinh thdnh ttong nhdn edch nhihig ndng lyc (ttong dd cd ndng lye tu \f tu|n) edn tiiilt theo ydu edu phdt triin xa hgi Ding thdi vdi sy phat triin gido dye, trinh df khoa hgc, ky thugt, cdng nghf ngdy edng duge ndng cao cflng Id ylu t l giflp cho tri tuf ngudi eang phat triin, giflp cho vifc nhgn thfle till gidi Mfn thye khdch quan mgt edeh khdi quat, sdu sdc vd cMnh xdc hon, ngdy cdng di sdu va chi dugc nhftng moi lien hf cfla cdc sy v|t, Mfn tugng d cdc cdp df bdn chat ngdy cdng cao ban Didu dd dong ngMa vdi vifc, ndng tyc nli|n thttc if lugn cua ngudi vl till gidi cling ngdy cdng dugc ndng eao va qua dd, eon ngudi ndng eao nang tyc tu ly lu|n cfla minh Ben cgnh dd, vifc ndng cao vd md rgng vin tri thflrc cdn giflp cho chfl thi cd mft phdng vdn ho^ rfng, tgo co sd vihig ehdc eho hg ndng eao ndi^ lyc tu ty ludn cfla minh Bdi Id, chfl till cM cd the gidi quyit dugc nMfm vy nhdn thfle, kM cd nhu cdu vd cd ddy dfl tri thuc lidn quan de thod mdn nhu cdu nhdn thuc dd KM ndi ddn sy tdc dgng cua ydu to khoa hgc, ky thugt, cdng nghf, cung phdi thira nhgn rdng, trinh df phdt triin cfla khoa hge, ky thu|t vd cdng nghf tudn mang tinh ehdt thdi dgi, nghTa Id sy phdt triin efla nd d mSi nude, mii thdi ky ljch sfl m5i khac vd ngdy cdng cao Do dd, ndng lyc tu ty lu|n cOa ngudi cung mang tinh clidt thdi dgi vd ngdy mgt ndng cao cd ve nfi dung, Mnh thfle lan phuang phdp Ba Id, nhdn td hogt dgng thtfC tiin Con ngudi quan hf vdi till gidi, bdt ddu khdng ptidi bdng ly luan, ma bdng thyc tien Tfl ttong qud trinh boat dfng thyc tiin cai tao thi gidi md nh|n thfle d ngudi hlnh thdnh vd phdt triin; cung nhd dd, ngudi phdt triin ndng lyc bdn chat, ndng lyc Xd tuf NANG LI/C TU" DUY LY LUAN cfla minh Bdt ky qud trinh boat dfng thye tien ndo cung bao gom nhiing yeu to, nhu nhu cdu, lgi Ieh, myc dich, phuang tifn vd kit qua; cac yeu to ndy tidn hf vdi nhau, quy dinh lan ma tMdu chflng, hogt dfng thye tiin khdng till dien Moi chfl thi tham gia boat ddng thyc tien vfla Id vidn cfla xa hfi, vfla Id ddi tugng ciia cdc moi quan hd xd hfi Hoat dfng thye tiin giflp cho ngudi nhdn thfle dugc Men thye, kich tiuch sy bflng thfl, mim say me sdng tgo vd lam ndy sinh nhftng nhu edu mdi, nhd do, nhihig ndng lye, pham chdt efla moi ngudi dugc Mnh thdnh vd cdng phat trien Thdng qua qua trinh doi tugng hda va chfl thd hda md ndng lyc ciia moi ca nhan ngudi dugc bgc If Su hlnh thdnh va phdt trien ndng lye tu ly Man d moi ngudi ciing vgy; nd ludn phy thugc vao hogt dfng thyc tien vd lay vifc phye vy nhu cdu nh|n thfle hifn thyc khdch quan ldm ydu td ehfl dgo Hogt dfng thyc tien cfla ngudi la hogt ddng ed mye dich, dugc hinh thdnh vd phdt triin ciing vdi sy Mnh thdnh vd phat tridn cua y thfle, td nguon goc va nfi dung efla f thfle Nlu khdng tham gia vao qud trinh hogt dfng thyctiennhdm ddp img nhu cau nh|n thuc ly tudn vd tham gia vao Iinh vyc hogt dgng ly ludn, tM ndng lye tu ly luan eiing tdidng cd dilu kifn dl hinh thdnh vd phdt triin dieu kien cho vifc Mnh thanh, phdt triin, rdn luyfn vd ttau doi ndng tyc tu ly lu|n d cdc chfl the nhdn thfle eung cd sy khac bift Didu dd cflng vdi nhihig ylu to khac, tdt dan den sy khac bift vl ndng lyc tu ty lu|n gitta cac chfl the, ngMa Id sy khac bift gitta cac cd nhdn, gifta cdc tdng Idp x3 hfi, giai cap, dan tdc va thdi dgi Hoat ddng ciia ngudi Id hogt dfng ed y thfle va y thuc Id su phdn dnh till gidi Mfn thye khdch quan vdo ddu de eon ngudi V thfle cfla ngudi vl thi gidi khdch quan la kdt qud efla qud trhih nhgn thfle Chinh nhu cdu ciia boat dgng thyc tiin edi tgo thi gidi khdch quan nhdm bdo ddm sy tin tgi vd phdt triin efla minh ma ngudi nh|n thfle; ddng thdi, nhan thfle cung la nhdm thod man nhu cdu Mlu bilt edng cao cfla ngudi Nh|n thfle cfla ngudi, thong qua hogt dfng thyc tiin, Iam thay ddi the gidi, Iam eho bf ndo cfla ngudi eang phat tridn, ndng lye tu ty lu|n ciia ngudi cdng cao vd nhd dd, ldm cho xd hgi chuyin tfl thdi ky mdng mugi, dd man sang van minh, chuydn tfl ndn vdn minh sang nin vdn minh khae eao hon "Mft ddn tfc mudn dflng vihig tien dinh cao cfla khoa hgc tM khdng thi khdng cd tu ly luan" [2, tt.489] Dd cM'nh la khdng djnh cfla Ph.Angghen vd vai trd cfla tu ly Iuan Hogt dfng thyc tiin khdng chi d|t nhu T&i lifu tham khao cdu cho vifc Mnh thdnh va phat trien ndng [I] CMic vi Ph.Angghen (1993), Todn l^p, t.l3, lyc tu ty lu|n, ma cdn td co sd dl ren Nxb Chfnh trj Qu6c gia Hi NOi luyfn va ngdy cdng hoan thifn, ngdy cdng [2] CMic vi Ph.Angghen (1994), Todn Idp, t.20, ndng cao ndng tyc tu ly lu|n cho m3i Nxb Chlnh trj Quoc gia Hi N^i ehfl the Trdn thyc tl, hogt dfng tiiyc tien [3] Hoing Phe (Chi bifin) (2000), TU diin tiing vd tham gia boat dgng thyc tien eiia ede ehfl Viit, Nxb Di Ning vi Tnmg Tam tir diln hpc, thi nh|n thfle ludn cd su khdc nhau, vdy, Hi NOi-Di Nang 86 ... ddng tri tuf eiia chfl the nhgn thue va ehu the boat dgng thyc tien day, kM ndi ddn ehfl the tu duy, khdng ed ngMa cM Id cdc cd nhan, ma cd the la mdt tdng Idp, mdt giai cdp, mdt dan tfc, thgm... thuc cita vi$e phdt triin tri thac vd van dung tri thac vdo thirc tiin dgt kit qud cao Ndng lye tu duy, phan theo trinh df phat tridn, cd nang lyc tu kinh nghifm va ndng tyc tu ly ludn Ndng luc tu... Ndng lyc tu kinh nghiem khdng phai Id ndng lyc sang tao ttong ndi dung vd ddi mdi phuang phdp tu duy, md chfl yeu Id dflng Igi d nang lyc n&n bat van de nh^ih hay ehdm, bat chudc dua vdo tri thfle
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