TIN NGl/CJNG THd CUNG CUA NGLfdl NUNG PHAN SLINH VUNG CAO BIEN Gidl (Nghi6n ctfu d huy#n Cao L0c, Tinh Lang Sdn) LfilUINHANH* D|it vKn d l Theo stf UOu T i n g dilu tra d&n stf nfim 2009, dfin stf tinh Lfng Sdn lfi 732.516 ngudi dd, dfin ttfc Nung cd stf dfin ddng nhtft - 314.295 ngudi, chiim 42,9%; tha hai lfi dfin ttfc Tfiy - 259.632 ngudi, chitfm 36,43% dfin stf; thd ba lfi d&n ttfc Kinh - 124.433 ngudi, chiem 16,98% phfin btf chu yeu d cfic thi trtfn, thi xfi t ^ h ; sau db lfi d&n ttfc Dao, Sfin Chay, Hoa, Hmdng , (Tong cue Thtfng kd (anh Lang Sdn, 2010) Cung theo dilu tra nfim 2009, d huyOn Cao LOc, ngudi Nung cd 44.016 ngudi, chitfm 58,86%; ngudi Tfiy 23.539 ngudi, chiem 30,56%; ngudi Kinh 5.327 ngudi, chitfm 7,6%, cbn lai 14 cfic d&n tOc khfic Theo stf liOu dilu tra ciia Ban d&n ttfc tinh Lang Sdn, hiOn tofin tinh cb ba nhbm Nung (Nung (3hfio, Nung Inh, Nung Phfin Slinh), cU tru xen ke d i n cap xfi vfi phfin btf h i u k h i p cfic huypn thi tinh Riing nhbm Nung Phfin Slinh cU tru tai cac xfi: Thipn Thufit, Thufin Hofi, Thipn Long, Hofi Binh, YOn Ll, Quang Trung, Minh Khai (huyOn Binh Gia); Van Thuy • U Minh Anh, ViOn Dfin tOc hoc (huyOn Bfic Sdn); B&ng Khfinh, Ding Buc, Khutft Xfi, Hitfu Khfinh, YOn Khofii, Nhu KhuO, Minh Phfit, Quan Bfin (huyOn LOc Binh); Nfim Nha, D6 Sdn, Bing Tfim (huyOn Hflu Lung); Van An, Chitfn Thfing, Bic ThuJ, LiOn Sdn, T&n Sdn (huyOn Chi Lfing); Thuy Himg, Gia Cfit, Thanh Lba, Thach Dan, Ltfc YOn, Cao Lau, Tan Thfinh, Hfii Ytfn, Thi trtfn Cao Lpc, Xuat Ll, (huyOn Cao LOc); Tudng Lfing, Vinh Lai, YOn Phuc, Hofi Binh (huyOn Vfin Quan) Ngudi Nung Phfin Slinh cd mOt n i n vfin hda phong phu bieu hiOn qua nhilu khia canh cua cudc stfng thudng ngay, dfic biOt la tin ngudng gia dinh Thdi gian qua da cb nhilu cong trinh de cap den nhflng hinh thdc sinh hoat tin ngudng khfic cua dfin tOc Nung, song den van chua dUdc nhfin diOn mOt cfich day du vfi ho thong MOt s l cOng trinh dUdc trinh bfiy tbm lUdc vfi thudng ddng hda ngudi Nung vdi ngudi Tay cfich trinh bay nhu: La Vfin Lo va cOng su (1984), Be Viet Ding vfi cpng su (1992), Hfi Dinh Thfinh (2002), Nguyin Thi Yen (2009) Cac cOng trinh chuyen Ichao ve tpc ngudi hay tin 50 Nghiin vihi Ddng Nam A 6/2012 cdc.bd phdn ctia co thd sd trd ndn mdt cfin b&ng, sinh dau dm Via sl m^t di cdng vdi thl xdc kM ngudi chdt di, cfin hdn sS trd thdnh Unh hdn tdn t^i bdt td cd ngUdi ta chdt di llnh tr^ng sdc khde cua ngudi phy thudc vdo tinh tr^ng cOa hdn Hdn cd thl rdi khdi xdc d ^ choi vu try cung vdi cdc Unh hdn khdc NgUdi Ndng Phdn Silnh cho r&ng nhOhg gitfc mo kM ngii chinh Id khfing gian dd cdc Unh hdn kit Quan nidm vi hdn via, s^ sj^ng v& ndi vfii VI v$y, kM ngudi chhn c&i ch£ft cAa ngvtiti Nikng Phdn Slinh vdo gidc ngd, ndu ngudi sdc khfie ylii hdn rdt dl rdi khdi thl xdc di chu du khip noi 2.1 Quan ni^m vi hdn via md khfing quay trd l^i, vl thl^ md gfiy cdi Tin ngudng dfin gian cua nhfim tdc chdt cua ngudi ngudi Nung Phdn SUnh dUOc xdy dyng co Hp cho r&ng: Ddn fing cfi hdn via, bdn trin nin tdng vd quan mdm linh hdn vd van vfit hdu linh NgUdi sdng tJil cfi hdn ddn bd cfi hdn via Ba hdn gdm cfi: tfim "khodn", kM chdt di tM thdnh ma "pM" vd hdn, thin hdn vd linh hdn duoc cu ngu CO thl bidn thdnh nMlu loai ma khdc trin phin cua cO thd: Hdn chinh b dinh nhau, CO lpi vd cfi hai cho ngUdi dang sdng diu (chfi khody tfic), quylt dpih sy sinh td Td nhdng quan mdm dfi, ngudi Nung Phdn cua ngudi Hai hfin phu d hai bin vai, Slinh Mnh thdnh nMlu Mnh thdc tin ndu chung di khfii co thd sfi ldm cho ngudi ta dm ndng "thdp tijr nhdt sinh" ngudng ddn gian khdc nhU nhung vfin cfi thl ciu cdng gpi hdn ldm cho pham vi gia ^nh, dfing hp cfi thd cdng td khdi bdnh ndu nhU ngUdi dd chiSa tdi ngdy tiln, thd bdn my, ngodi ldng cfi thd thd tfin sd Cbn via n&m d cdc hdc cua co thl cfing Hiu hdt, cdc ldng ciia ngUdi nhu mdt, mui, tai vd midng Ddn bd Nung Phdn Slinh diu cfi thdy cung Id sd dl cfi thlm via vi cfi hai biu vu Via ngudi thyc hdnh cdc ngM ll tin ngudng chu rdt quan vdi sdc khfie ngUdi, ydu vd cfi vai trfi to ldn ddi sdng tfim nhung kM via di khfing ldm cho Unh cua ngudi ddn tai cdng ddng thfin bdn ngudi ta chdt md cM gfiy nin Mdn tupng Ngudi Nung Phdn Slinh quan mdm: kM dm dau bdnh t$t md thfii KM cfin sdng, sdng, ngudi cfi phin xdc vd phdn hdn hdn tdn tai ngUdi vd trang phuc (gpi chung Id khokn) Phan xdc Mfin hdu, hdng ngdy KM chdt, hdn thdnh Unh hdn nMn thdy vd cdm n ^ dUOc; cfin phin hdn lia khfii xdc lo ldng trin vu try vd cfi sU thi khfing the nhin thay Theo quan mfim phfin cMa thdnh phin: Lmh hdn chi tM hdn khdc h ^ so vdi via, via cM Id duoc lln trdi kM qua ldi thiy cdi^ ldm ma nhdng phan hon nhe vd yeu KM via bfi di din dudng vuot qua cdc cda di; Tfim hdn se ngudng cda tdc ngUdi Ndng nhU: Hodng Nam (1992); Nguyin Anh Tudn (2011); Hodng Thi TMdu (2002); Nguyfin Thj Ngfin (2010, 201U nhung vfin chUH bdn luftn sfiu vl cdc Mnh thdc sinh ho^t tin ngudng ciia nhdm tdc ngUdi Nung Phdn Slinh Bdi vidt ndy sl trinh bdy mdt cdch khdi qudt vl tin ngudng thd cdng cda ngUdi Nung Phdn Slinh ft mdt huydn biln gidi vdng Ddng Bdc cua td qudc Li Minh Anh - Tin ngudng thd cdng cda ngUdi NUng Phdn Slinh d lai bfii tha ma vdi thl xdc; Thin hdn al nhdp vdo ban thd d l^i cung chdu, kM ndo mfin tang hdn mdi di tim phin linh hon di trudc 51 nhd Id td tiln tryc tidp cda gia dlnh chdu, phdi thudng xuyIn cdng bdi vdo nhOtig dip ll tdt vd nhdng ay kidn gia dinh nhd: cudi xin, tang ma, sinh nd, ldm nhd Td tiln thddng phd hfi cho chdu, vfiy ndu cfi dilu gl khfing hdi lfing, ma nhd cfi thl gdy ho^n n ^ nhU ldm cho gia sue chdt, ngudi dau dm.,, Ldc dfi chdu phdi cdy nhd ddn bd then bfii xem ma gi vd khdng hdi lfing vda ^ cdi ^ dl nhd thiy mo sim ll vfit ldm ll ta mfi hodc gidi h^n ciu xin td tiln tha thd Vi nhdng quan mfim vl hdn, via nhU vdy nin ngudi Ndng Phdn Slinh b Cao Ldc lufin chu y bfio vd cdc huydt cu tni cua cdc hon vd via trdn co thd ngddi dd hdn, via hfia quydn, thdng nhfii, cfin b&ng, gid cho ngudi lufin khfie manh Nhu le sinh nhfit, ngUdi gid dUOc ciu ding cdc hdn khfing cM b&ng ll vfit md cd tinh thin vd sy hfi tro cua cdc chdu, cho cha, Tfn ngUSng thcf ciing troi^ gia dinh me,fing,bd thu thdi, thdn, gid cfin ciia nfSvCiA Nung Phkn Slinh b&ng, cdc hfin vd via cfi nhu vfiy mdi sdng ldu Dfic bipt ll tang cua ngUdi Nung 3.1 Hd thd'ng thd ti^ ciia gia dinh Phdn Slinh chii ylu quan tfim lfim dl * Thd cdng tS tiin: dua phin linh hdn cua ngUdi da mfit vUOt Ngudi Nung Phdn Slinh d huydn Cao qua cdc cufa ngyc dl vl the gidi vinh h&ng, Ldc, tinh Lang Son cfi tyc thd ciing td tiln sung sUdng hon Hp quan m$m: chdt cM Id sy tieu tan cua Chung tfii cho r&ng: td quan mpm vl the xdc, linh hdn vin cfin vd lufin trd ve hdn vd via cua ngddi Ndng Phan Slinh nhd vdi gia dinh Linh hdn ciia nhdng ngudi da dupc dl cdp b tren da dan ddn vipc ddng khuat lufin ngy tri trin bdn thd de gin gui bdo td chdc ll sinh nhfit cho ngudi gid, ldm chdu, theo doi ho cfing vific hdng le tang ma cho ngUdi qud cd rat chu ddo ngdy vd phu hfi cho cdc thdnh viln nh&m an ui tudi gid, bdo Mdu vdi ngudi qud gia dinh, dfing hp Do quan mdm nhu vgy cd vd Id nhdng ngM 1§ ldn quan trpng nhfi't nin vipc Ifip ban thd dl thd cdng td tiln Id ddi mdt ngUdi dilu khdng thl tMdu ddi sdng cua 2.2 Quan ni$m si^ song vd c&i chet ngudi Ndng Phdn Slinh noi dfiy Gia iJinh ndo cung cfi mfit cdi bdn thd b chinh gida Ngudi Ndng Phdn Slinh quan m$m nhd, khfing phfin bi|t gia dinh dfi Id i^ng, ngudi ta sdng the ndo tM chdt trUofng hay thd vdn Hid, hp van tidp tyc quan tfim ddn Khdo sdt cua chung tfii cho thdy, he chdu nhu kM cfin sdng, cfi thd phu hfi, tao phuc, giai trii hoan nan cho cdc thdnh viln thdng thd ty gia dinh ngUdi Nung gia finh Ngudi chdt di hdn cMa ldm Phdn Slinh gdm co: thd td tien (xofing ba, mpt phin lln trdi, mfit phdn bfii tha cdng); thdfingtdo (xofing chdo) b pMa tren ma of cdng xUOng cdt, mfit phin ve b vdi gia bdp ndu, Id mfit tam van, pMa trin de dng dinh gpi chung Id ma nha (pM rudn) Ma tre cdm hUOng, ddng bdo quan nifim la vi 52 thin trdng coi vide bdp ndc, h^nh phdc gia dlnh; thd bd my (dn va) Id nd thd nhOng ngudi phy nd dd sinh gia dhnh; thd ma sdn, vj thin chuyin trfing coi gia sdc Khi ngudi Ndng Phdn Sllnh xfiy nhd, chii nhd nhd thiy cdng xem hufing nhd, hudng nhd chinh Id tpa vd hUdng cda ban thd Todn bfi bdn thd tift cd cdc ngfii nhd cua ngudi Ndng Phdn Slinh diu tpa cdng hudng vdi cda chinh cua ngfii nhd Vide xem gid, ngdy, thdng, nfim hodng d^to dupc Idy theo tufii cua chii nhd vd phdi trdnh dupc cdc gid, ngdy, thdng, nfim sdt vdi tudi chu nhd Vide dung bdn thd khfing nhdt tMdt phdi cfi thiy ciing ddn cung md chu nhd cfi thl ty ldm, ndu chu nhd cfin trd tM bd hofic anh trai ldm gidp NgM ll ndy khd don gidn: kM cfi y dinh xfiy nhd, chu nhd nhd thay cung xem gid, ngdy, tiidng, ndm dfing thd ldm nhd, vdo nhd mdi vd 14p bdn thd Gd ldm bdn thd cM duoc dung mdt lo^ gd, khfing ldm td hai loai gd khdc KM chpn gd ldm bdn thd thudng trdnh dung gd Idy td cay da, cdy gao, cdy cyt ngpn, cfiy chdt khfi, thfin cdy cfi day leo bdm Phd bidn nhfit id bfi bdn thd dugc cMa ldm hai ting, ting trin cfi bdt hUOng vd cfi hodc cdi chin dl thd Ndng Tiln (Ml Ndng), tdc ph$t bd Quan dm Bd Tdt, khfing dfing ciing nhdng thd cfi md, cM thd hoa qua, bdnh keo vd bdnh chUng khfing nhan Nlu thdp huong cM thdp nin Tang thd Id bdn thd td tien, Id noi thd fing bd bin nfii, ben ngoai vfing ddi Moi tang thd gdm co mdt bdt huong vdi hodc chin thd theo tdng ddng Nghiin cdu Ddng Nam A 6/2012 hp, nhu hp Hodng dl chdn, cdng hp Hodng lpi chia hp Hodng thd chin, hp Hodng thd chin; hp Vi thd chin, h? Luong thd chin Sy khdc bidt vl sd chin thd dugc cho Id sy phdn bidt vide thd cdng cua tCing dfing hp t9i cfing ddng, nhung cdch lu^n gidi ndy chua ihxfc sy tihuylt phyc, cfin ngudi ddn cM bidt ldm theo !di cua fing, bd truyin I^ phdi thd mfiy chin dl ldm theo Chdng tfii cho r&ng dfiy cfin Id mdt vfih dl cfin dang bfi ngfi vide ngMIn cdu vl Mnh thdti thd ti; cua ngufii Ndng Phdn SUnh Ting thd hai ndy tM ll v$t dugc dfit tdy vdo hodn cdnh kinh td ciia gia chu * Thd cdng Bd mif: Bdn thd my (dn ua) dugc ddt bin phdi hofic bin trdi cua ngfii nhd, canh phfing ngu ctia ngUdi me Bd mu dugc ngufii ddn quan mdm Id mpt ngudi phu nd cfi trdch nMdm, nghia vu chfim sfic vide sinh dl, phin hdn cho trd em, ddc bidt Id cdc tri so sinh KM ngudi phu nd suih dda diu lfing dugc khodng ba ngdy, gia c&nh mdi thdy cting ldm ll l$p bdn thd my cdng vdi vide ddt ten cho dda tri Bdn thd mu dugc ldm b&ng mfit tfim vdn (ddi khodng 50 60cm) hofic dan b&ng tre dugc dfing len cao ngang vdi tim vdi cua ngudi phu nd vd ddt len dfi mdt bdt huong, ddn mdt td gidy dd bin canh Vdo ngdy nhfit ky, nguydt ^ hdng thdng, gia chu thip mfit nin nhang dl ciu mong sy binh an Dfic bipt vdo cdc ngdy 26 - 27 Tet, bdn thd mu dUOc gia chu dem xufi'ng "tim" b&ng nudc Id thom dun sfii de ngupi, sau dfi dl khfi va dfi't rom gao ndp cho vdo bdt huong rdi de lai cho cu Bdn My cung dugc gia chu cung com, keo, thit, hoa qud, rugu tring dl to lfing bilt On Li Minh Anh - Tin ngudng thd eiJng eda ngudi NUng Phdn Sllnh dd chd che, bdo vfi vd ban cho ngudi mgi ngudi sdc khfie, may m i n Ddng thdi, ciu mong sang nfim mdi, bdn thd my tidp tyc che chd cho cdc thdnh viln gia finh cfi sdc khde, m\Ja thufin gifi hfia, mua mdng bdi thu Mdi bdn thd mu ting vdi mfit ngudi phu nd gia finh, gia dlnh ndo cfi bao nhilu ddu tM cfi bfiy nMlu bdn thd my * Thd cung chung sinh: B i t cd gia finh ngUdi Ndng Phdn SUnh ndo cung cd mfit bdn thd c^nh cda trUdc nhd (pM shuong), tai dfiy ngudi ta dfit vdi loai bdnh vd t h i p huong sudt ngdy Tet hay vdo nhdng dip gia dlnh cfi chuydn budn, chuyin vui Theo quan mdm cua hp, xung quanh ngUdi cfi vfi sfi' ma quy, vdo nhdng ngdy ndy c i n bdy cdc l l vfit tai dfi, ma ndo di qua, cin tM nhfin Ifiy, khfii vdo nhd qu&y rfii Khfing cM dip tdt ddng bdo mdi ddt dd l l md vdo nhdng dip gia dinh cfi vipc nhU ddm ma, ddm cudi, bdn Ign tM cung ddt dd l l len dfi * Thd Tdo qudn: Bdn thd Tdo qufin dugc quan mfim Id ngudi nom cdc thdnh viln gia dinh, gia sue, gia cam cua hfi gia finh Bdn thd fing tao dugc ddt b i n canh bdp hay cda vao nhd bdp Le v^t dfing ciing tdo quan vdo dip 23 thdng chap vd ngdy mdng mdt tet la chay, kilng dd mdn vd nhdng thdc an CO md NgUdi Nung Phdn Slinh quan niem, vipc thd fing tdo tai bdp Id dl vi t h i n ndy cai quan mpi vfit gia dinh kM ho vdng nhd vd gia chu lufin gdp may man, sdc khoe, ehan nufii thu$n Igi * Thd ma sdn: Bdn thd "ma or ngoai sdn" (pM hang sldn) thudng dugc ddt trUdc nhd Ngudi 53 Nung Phdn Sllnh diftig mdt cdi sdn ddng d l p h d thfic vd cdc sdn vfit khdc, t r i n sdn cim mfit cdi cfit cfi treo dng nda d l cim huong ddng cdng Theo t h i n tich, vi t h i n ndy cQng Id t h i n thd dia nhung ddi v d mdt sd dfing hg ngUd Ndng Phdn SUnh, pM hang sldn l^i Id vi t h i n An Phu D ^ Vuong Vi t h i n ndy r i t linh thiing, chuyin trfing coi gia sdc gia dinh, mfii kM md Ign phdi cung t^i sdn p h d trudc kM dem bdn hofic dem nfiu nudng Trong mfit ndm gia dlnh ngUd Ndng Phdn SUnh thudng td chdc ll cung l l n h$ thdng thd ty vdo cdc ngdy nh^t ky, nguydt ky, ngdy 2/2 thd t h i n trfing coi, nudi gia sdc, gia c i m nhd; ngdy tdo md - 3/3; ngdy tet gidt sdu bg - 5/5; ngdy r&m thdng bdy; ngdy r&m thdng tdm; ngdy fing tdo 23/12; dim 30 vd ngdy mdng tdt Ngodi cdc ngM ll ke tren, ndu nhd to chdc l l mdng thp (van seng), ddt ten {ddng eng pdn minh) hodc cfi ngUdi mat , cdc l l vat dugc dUa len bdn thd tiiy theo filu kidn tdng gia dinh md cfi sy khdc bilt nhfit dinh Tuy nMIn, net chung nhat Id le v$t dua len bdn thd phai d l gd, vit nguyen con, khfing dugc chdt, riing bdn thd my cM cin dui gd Tren bdn thd tuypt ddi khfing cung thit thu rdng, thit trfiu, bo, chfi TrUdc dfiy, kM ldm thit cdc thu ndy phai md vd dn d ngodi nhd, t i m rda saeh se m d dugc vao nhd Cfi mpt thyc td Mfin la, nMlu ngud Nung Phdn SUnh khfing cfin nhd dugc day du cdc bdi cung, k l ca t i n g Idp trung men vd men Nguyin nhan cua van de ndy id hg khfing cfin tha tMdt vdi vipc hpc vd sd dyng chd Nfim Nung, mdc du Mpn hfi thfi'ng vdn bdn ndy v i n cfin 54 Nghiin ci'iu Ddng Nam A 6/2012 dua Iinh hfin cua ngudi dfi chdt vl nd an dugc luu gid nhilu hd gia finh * Thd thd cdng U^ cpng ddng thdn bdn:ngM cu(A cCing dugc sufin sl Bin Cfuih vide thd edng t^i gia dlnh, Dl bio Mdu cho ngudi dfi chdt, chdu ddng bdo Ndng Phdn SUnh cfin thd thd phdi ldm diy du ngM 11 khfing dugc dl sfit cfing "thfi t^, thdnh hodng ldng Id nhdng bit cd budc ndo KM nhd cfi ngud chdt vi thin cfing cdng cda cd thfin bin Thd chdu chua duge khfic, chi kM ndo thiy cung cfing Id vi thin bdo vd mda mdng, sdc ddn khfim mdm mdi dugc khfic Con chdu khfie, bdo vl cdc gia dlnh bdn Vdo phdi dun nudc b&ng cdc lo^i Id thom dl ngdy mdng mdt Tdt Nguyin ddn vd nhCfng tim rCra, thay quin cho ngudi chdt Nlu dip 11 theo quy dinh, cdc gia finh ngudi chdt Id gii tM m$c do, nlu Id nam bdn mang ll vfit ddn cdng thin thd cfing thl m$c Vide mfic theo via cua gidi KM bdn cfi ngUdi chit hay tri tinh cdng tCfng khu vyc cU tni vd dfing md dugc sinh ra, gia dlnh ddu ldm ll bdo hg Nhu t^i xfi Thyy Hung tM ldm nhd cho thd cfing bidt Bdn thd thd cfing khd vdy, nhung t ^ xfi Thanh L6a, Gia Cdt thl don gidn, chu ydu Id mdt ngfii midu nhd mfii ngud cM mfic mdt bd- Ngud trai don so cfi ddt bdn thd vd bdt hUOng, trudng Iiy ddng tiln xu dfit vdo ludi hofic cfi kM cM cin ddt mdt dng huong dud gdc vdo tay cua ngUd dd ch^t coi dfi Id tiln cua mdt cfiy to Theo quan mfim cua ngUd hdnh sai kM qua ciu Sau kM hodn tit cdc Nung Phdn Slinh, mdi vung dit, qud ddi thu tuc thiy Cling md tidn hdnh khfim diu cfi mdt vi thin cai quin chinh vi thd mfim bit cd bdn ndo diu cfi milu thd thd cfing Cfi nd chdu khfim nidm ngud qud Nd thd thd cfing ddge ldm rit ddn gidn vd cd b&ng tim vdi tring, cfi nd khdm nidm thudng ddt b diu hodc cudi bdn b&ng vdi mdu vdng Sau kM khfim nidm Cd ngdy mdng mfit thdng tu hdng nfim, xong, ngud chdt sfi dugc dfit gian gida cdc hfi gia finh bdn diu chuin bi mdt nhd, diu quay vl pMa bdn thd, mdn mdm ll cung tai thd cdng Ll cung ndy cM mic gfic Ddng bdo Nung Phdn SUnh fing thiy cung cua ban dim nMdm vd quan mdm mic mdn h6n gfic Id cua ngi£ii nfi mang y ngMa ciu cho mdt vu mda dugc sdng nin mic ba gfic de phfin bidt mdn d6 mua thufin gifi hfia VI theo nfing lich cua cM ddnh cho ngUd chdt cua ngudi Ndng Phdn SUnh tM sau ngM ll Gid nh§p quan dugc ngud Ndng Phdn ndy mgi cfing vific gieo trdng md bit diu SUnh rit coi trpng Gid nh^p quan khfing 3^ Tin ngUdng tang ma cM Uln quan ddn ngudi chdt md cfin Uln Ngudi Nung Phdn SUnh quan nidm kM quan den cd ngUd sdng Vi thd ngUd ndo ngudi thfin trut hoi thd cudi cung Id luc khfing may chdt phdi gid xiu, cfi kM phdi cMa tay vdi trin gian de vl cfii dm Con dl vdi ngdy md chgn dugc gid nh$p quan chdu gia dinh se fi bdo vdi bd hp KM dua tM hdi vdo quan tdi, thiy cung dpc hdng Gia finh ngud qud cd cd ngudi fi mdt td giiy ggi Id td "phan", td giiy dfi ghi md thiy cung vl dd ldm cdc thu tuc tiln ro thdn thd cua ngUdi dd mfit, trUdc kM U Minh Anh - Tin ngudng thd cling cHa ngudi NUng Phdn Slink nip quan tdi dfing l^i td gi£^ dfi dugc bfi vdo trong, coi nhU biln bfin bdn giao cda ngud sdng vd ngUd chdt Trong ngM ll nhfip quan, chdu tl tuu dfing du quanh tM hdi, hp hdng bin ngoai bit budc phdi efi mfit tM n ^ II ndy md dugc tidn hdnh Ndu nhu khfing cfi bin hp ngo^, dd dd chpn dugc gid tdt vfin khfing dugc tiln hdnh Theo truyin thdng trudc dfiy, sau 11 phdt tang, chdu vd hp hdng nfii tdc phdi tufin thu ngMlm ngfit nhdng kilng ky nhu: khdng dugc fin thit, md, phdi fin bdc, khfing dugc dung dda Ti^ nMIn, nhdng kilng 1^ ndy dfi khfing cfin dugc thuc Mdn tai dia bdn chdng tfii khdo sdt NgM 11 dfing din hoa cho ngUd chit dugc ggi Id ll "tdi^ khay lfi" Theo quan nipm cua ngud Nung Phdn SUnh, ldm ngM ll ndy tM ngUd chet md nMn rfi dudng vl thd gidi bin Trudc kM mdc tang, chdu phai cim tai^ ddn ben linh cdu cua ngUdi chet dd lay Trudc ddy, kM bd me qua dd, vfing 40 ngdy diu, cdi phdi kilng khfing dugc i ^ trin giudng, khfing cit tfic, khfing dn thit md dd to lfing bdo Mdu vdi ngUd da chdt Tuy nMIn, vdo thd film chung tfii tidn hdnh fien da tM nhdng kilng ky ndy hiu nhu khfing cfin dUflc tri Le dang com dugc thuc M$n ngdy lin: budi sdng vd budi cMlu Ngud Nung Phdn SUnh quan m|m sfing thd nao tM chet nhU vdy, ngdy ddng com cho ngUd chet vdo bda Id the M$n lfing thdnh kinh Trong sinh boat thudng ngdy cua dong bdo cfi hai bda chinh: bu6i sdng va tdi Moi sdng sdm, ngud phu nd Nung Phan Slinh da chuan bi mpt ndi chdo to dd mgi thdnh vien hfi 55 cfi thl mdc dn bit cd ldc ndo ngdy Trong truyin thdng vd cd Mdn nay, vide til phong tuc td ngUa cda gia finh bin ngo^i cho tang chd Id thl Mdn tinh cdm tide thuong vd Id mdt ngM II khfing thd tMdu vdi bit cd mdt ddm tang ndo cua ngudi Nung Phdn SUnh Bin qmh dfi, ngM ll cua bin gia finh thfing gia vd tang chd cdng rit quan trpng, ll vdt thudng cfi: mfit mdm gao, bdnh ddy, xfii vd tiln Dfing bdo Nung Phdn SUnh lufin quan mfim r&ng tinh thfing gia hai nhd nhU mdt vd Id dao ngMa cua ngUd Ll cfiy tiln, cdy bac Id mdt ll vfit md nhdng ngud rl ldm b&ng giiy xanh, dfi, vdng, tring cao thap tdm de kinh tfing bd me mang vl thd gid bin KM dua ma nhiing cfiy tiln, cdy bac ndy se mang theo de hfia tai mfi KM dia quan tdi khoi cda, thiy cung ldm phep dd hdn khfing cfin luin quan nhd quiy phd ngud sdng Ll huypt dugc ngud Niing Phdn SUnh chpn dat rit ky, chpn nd dit phdt vd gid tdt mdi huypt Sau kM chfin cat dugc hdm, chdu se md Ihiy ciing ddn nd chfin cit dd tien hdnh ngM ll md cda mp dl bdo cho son than bidt vd dfin nhfin linh hdn ngud chdt vl cfii dm Ngudi Nung Phdn SUnh thudng de tang bd ndm, tang me ndm, thd gian ndy khfing dugc td chdc cUd hfii, ldm nhd Qua khao sdt bUdc diu cho thiy, mdi quan hd gida cdc thdnh vien gia finh, dfing hg ben nfii, bin ngoai va gia finh thfing gia co thl dugc nhdn bidt qua tang phuc vd nhdng ll vfit dang ciing 56 ddm ma Cdc eon trai di tang btf mp thudng m$c quin tring Idn trdi dugc khftu rit so sdi, diu quin khdn tang tring cfi hai dufii ddi vd phfa sau lUng, chyp md pMa trdn dugc ldm td rom hay dfiy chudi bdn ch^t Mnh trfin ddi trin diu, g$y chdng b&ng tre, qufo giiy tring Con gii, dfiu mfic vdi tring ldn trdi, tfic bufing xfia pMa sau lung Cfin rd mfic quin io tring, khdn tring qul^ trfin trin diu Cdc chdu mdc tring hai tay Idn trdi, khdn tring quSax trfin trin diu Nhdng ngUd bin hp ndi ciia ngUdi qud cd ddi khdn tang nhu chdu cua ngUdi qud cd Cfin nhdng ngudi bin hg ngoai mfic tang tring, diu quSn khdn tang tring 3.3 Ngi^M hdnh nghi tin ngiTdng truyin thd'ng Trong xfi hdi Ndng Phdn Slinh, nhdng ngud thiy cung khfing thl tMdu vd rit dugc kinh trgng Hp diu phdi tfin thd td sU cua minh vd thudng n&m mfit gia dinh Cling nhit dinh Nhdng gia dlnh truyin td ddi ndy qua ddi khdc thudng cfi nhdng ndt khdc bidt nhfit dinh, nhdng quy dinh dng xd riing bifit so vdi cdc gia finh, dfing hg khdc Mfic quan trgng ddnh diu thd film diu tiln ngudi dd td tham gia vdo gia dinh ciing Id ll thy gidi Dfiy Id mdt nguyin tic cua nhdng ngud ldm thiy cung NMn chung, sy Mnh thdnh vd phdt triln cua cdc gia finh ciing tUdng ty nhu sy Mnh thdnh vd phdt triln theo phd hfi cua cdc gia finh dfing hp, cfi cdc ddi xa ddi gin vdi cdc mdi quan hfi fing, bd, cha me, chau, chut cMt, Cfi nhiing dfing cdng thinh va cfi nhOfng dfing cung bi fi$t vong dan theo thdi gian Nghiin Cliu Ddng Nam A 6/2012 Ngudi ldm nghi thiy Oing, mfit m$t thd t6 tiln vd tu cdch Id t6 su nhd minh, ddng thdi thd thiy cha, thiy mp dfing cdng cda minh Theo kl dc dugc truydn l^i qua nMlu ddi cua mdt stf dfing tM sy hinh thdnh dfing cdng ciia hp dugc Iiy mdc td vi td sU diu tiln ldm nghi vd truyin nghi, sau dfi cdc cM nhdnh phdt triin qua nMlu ddi md Mnh thdnh nin dfing nghi Trii qua thdi gian, cfi thl ngudi ta khfing cfin nhd dugc tin vi td sd diu tiln md chi nhd dugc tin dia danh qui huong cua cdc v) td su dugc cdc thd h$ luu truyin l^i qua nMlu ddi Vl CO bdn, cdc gia dlnh ciing dugc hinh thdnh nhu mfi Mnh gia dlnh vd dfing hp, nhung tdy theo quan nidm md sy Mnh thdnh vd phdt triin dia mfii dbng cung lai mang nhCtng ndt dfic thu rieng Mgt thUC t i md chiing tfii thu nh$n dugc Id, rit it kM nhiing ngud dd vd dang Id thiy ciing Mdm kM truydn nghi oua minh cho n^ld ngodi gia dinh - dfing hp Hg thudng truyin n ^ cho trai gia dinh, ndu nhu gia dinh khfing cfi trai tM sfi tim mpt ngud chdu hg ciia minh dl truydn nghi cho ngud dfi Quan hd gida thiy cung of ngud Nung Phdn SUnh dugc xfiy dung trin co sd quan hd gia finh vd cdc cip dp cha,fing,cu, ky, CMnh vi v§y, md mpt quy dinh nhit thdnh bit bidn Id ngUd mfit gia dinh khfing thl tu cip sic cho duoc md nhit tMdt phdi Id ngud ngodi - ngodi dfing tfic Trong mdt gia dinh thiy ciing lufin tdn tai mfi'i quan h$ gida cdc thd hp M, cy, oi^, cha, con, chdu, chut, cMt, anh, em nhU mfit gia dinh the tyc Li Minh Anh - Tin ngudng thd ciing eiia ngudi NUng Phdn Slinh K^t lu$n Tin ngudng thd cdng gia finh Id mfit ho^t ddng vdn hfia tinh thin cfi f ngMa quan trgng dd sdng ngud Nung Phdn SPmh d huydn Cao Ldc Nhiing ngM ll thd cui^ gia dinh dugc ngudi Niing Phdn Slinh chd trpng, thudng cMdm mpt ty Id ldn nhiing thyc hdnh ngM ll ciia ddng bdo nd dfiy vd Id dip bilu Id, thit chfit hon mdi quan hd gia finh, dbng hp; ddng thd thl Mfin dfim ndt ydu td vfin hfia tdc ngud Tang ma Id mdt Mdn tugng vdn hfia tdm linh, dfing vai trb quan trgng ddi sdng vfin hfia ctia tfic ngUd NCmg Phdn Slinh Nfi in chda nMlu gid tri vdn hfia gia dinh, dfing tpc npi ngoai vd cdng ddng, bilu Mln mIm tin vl tfin gido tin ngudng cua mgt cpng ddng tdc ngud N ^ le tang ma thl Mln mdt quy tic dr^ xd gida cd nhan gia dinh, dfing tpc vd cpng ddng thfin ban Thd dng xd dfi tao nin mdi giao udc vd nhdng quy tic khfing cM Uln quan den ngudi chet, md r&ng bufic ngud sdng vd nhau, bufic ngud phdi cfi ngMa vy, trdch nMpm vdi cfing dfing NgM le tror^ ddm md Id mfit sinh boat thit chdt hon mfi'i quan hp tpc ngud vdi nhau, ddc bidt Id sU phan bidt dong hg nfii, hp ngoai qua ll vfit dang cdng Nhiing sinh hoat tin ngUdng thd cung ciia ngudi Nung Phdn Sinh dang Mdn hCfu Id sgi day xuyen sudt sU cd kit cdc thdnh viln gia dinh gia dinh, dfing hp Cfin pham vi ldn hon Id cpng ddng tM nhdng shih hoat tin ngUSng nhu v$y dang tao nen sU cd ket cpng ddng tpc ngufii manh me vd filu ddc bilt kM no 57 chiu sy tdc ddng cda hfii nhip Mnh t l tM nhong smh ho^it tin ngudng truyin thdng 1^ thinh trd 1^ vd ldm sdng dfiy sy khing dfnh nhdng nfit khdc bifit sinh ho^t vdn hfia dl tdi khSng dinh ngudn gdc vd bdn sic vdn hfia tfic ngudi./ T A I UfeU THAM K H A O Cue Thing kd tinh Lang Son (2010), Nigm gidm thing k@ tinh Lang Son 2009, Lgng Son Hodng Nam (1992), Ddn tfic Ndng Vi^t Nam, Nxb Vfin hfia Dfin tfic, Hd Nfii NguySn TM Ngfin (2010), "Quan ni$m vl hdn, linh hdn cua ngUdi Ndng Phdn Slinh b Thdi Nguygn", Tap chi NgMgn cdu Dfing Nam A, sd 6, Tr 55 - 58 Nguyin Thi Ngfin (2011), 'T6 chdc hdng phudng tang ma ciia ngUdi Ndng Phdn Slinh", Tap chi NgM&n cdu Dfing Nam A sd 1, Tr 69 - 72 Hodng TM TMpu (2002), "Thd ciing gia dinh ddng bdo NCing", Tap cM Ddn tfic vd Thd dai, sd 40, Tr.l3 Nguyin Anh Tufih (2011), "Tang ma cua ngud Ndng Phdn Slinh", Tap chi Ddn tpc hpc, sd 6, tr 36 - 46 La \ ^ Lfi - Hd Vdn Thu (1984), Vdn hfia Tdy - Nfing, Nxb Y&a hfia, Hd Nfii Hd Dinh Thdnh (2002), 'Tiu td tin ngudng tfin gido mpt sd tiuy^n ke ddn gian cua ngud Tdy, Ndng", Tap cM Ddn tpc hpc, sd3,Tr 36-41 Hodng Thi TM|u (2002), 'Thd cung gia dinh dong bdo Nting", Tap chi Ddn tfic vdThddai, sd40,Tr.l3 10 Nguyin Thi Yen (2009), Tin ngUdng ddn gian Tdy, Ndng, Nxb Khoa hoc Xa hoi, Hd Nfii