Nghiên cứu xuyên quốc gia và đa địa điểm về văn hóa truyền thống của người việt ở hải ngoại trường hợp nghiên cứu tín ngưỡng thờ cúng hùng vương ở thành phố san jose, hoa kỳ

Khoa hgc Xa hgi v^ Nhan vSn Nghien culu xuyen quoc gia va da dja diem ve van Iioa truyen tiiong cua ngifdi Viet cl hai ngoai: triidng hop nghien culu tin ngifSng thd ciing Hung Vifdng d San Jose, HoaKy (> T^' J f ^ I 'D Z l ' Nguyen Thi Hien* Vi^n Van hda nghe thudt quoc gia Vi^t Nam Ngay nhan bai 10.7.2015, chuyen phan bi?n 15.7.2015, ngaynhan phan bi?n 4.8.2015, ngSychapnh|in dang 10.8.2015 Bai bao 1^ in$t phSn cdng trinh nghiln cmi cua tac gia ve van h6a truyen thong cua ngtrdi Vi^t d thung lung Silicon, California, Hoa Ky Nghien cihi v^ van hoa truyen thong cua mgt cpng d^ng di cir & hai ngo^i se Ithong dky du neu chi tap trung v^o mot dia diim, mit nln tim hilu cdc van de cua cong dong hai ngo^i ca d d4t nudc noi cir tru vk dkt nirdc q u i hirimg - noi hg di vh sau trd ve vdi cdc moi quan h^ xuyin qu6c gia [l] Biing phtrffng phap nghien clhi xuyen qu^c gia va da dia dilm boi canh toan c^u hoa, tac gia thay r^ng, qua trinh hinh thanh, tri va phat trien, c6 nhung yeu to van h6a truyin thong bi Idiilm khuylt, bi thay dhi qua trinh hoa nhdp d hai ngoai Trong boi canh toan cau h6a, ngirdi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai co y thuc hon ve ban sac van hoa cua ddn t^c va hp luon bd sung, likm giau de dam bao ban sac van hoa dv^c tri va phat trien Thong qua mpt trirdng hprp nghien cuu cu thl vl tin ngudng thd ciing Hung Vuong d ph6 San Jose, bai vilt d l cap din vile giu- ^ ban sdc vSn hoa ddn t$c cua cpng dong ngirdi Viet boi canh xuyen quoc gia, todn cau hoa va nhirng no Ivc tim kiem sur ho trpr "tu ben dudi" va "td bin t r l n " de dam bao viec trao truyen va phdt huy di san van hoa cho the hf tinmg lai Tir khda: bdn sdc vdn hda, nghien ciru xuyen qudc gia vd da dia diem, ngu&i Viet & hdi ngogi, tin ngu&ng th& cdng Hiing Vuang, van hda truyen thdng Chi sd phdn loai 5.11 Tong quan nghien cuii Ngudi Viet d hai ngoai vln luon giu dugc cac hinh thuc thuc hanh van hoa trayen thong ma ho mang theo den dat nudc noi ho dinh cu nhu thd cung to tien, thd cung Hung Vuang, thuc hanh tin ngudng thd MSu, cac nghi ll vong ddi Tren ca sd thong tin thu thap dugc tu cac chuy8n nghien cuu dien da ve tap tuc thd cung Hung Vuang d ph6 San Jose, CaHfomia, Hoa Ky va d tinh Phu Thp, quan sat tham du ll Gi616 Himg Vuang d ca hai dia diem, va cac cugc gap gd, phong van thong tin vien la ngudi Viet tai Hoa Ky va Viet Nam, nhihig ngudi than, ban be cua hg d Viet Nam, tac gia bai viet di sau tim hieu ve viec luu giu va phat huy gia tri van hoa ciia tin ngudng thd ciing Hiing Vuong d hai ngo^i va diic ket mot so nhan dinh vh viec gin giii ban sac van hoa cua ngudi Viet d hai ngoai b6i canh xuyen quoc gia va toan cku hoa Nghien curu cgng dong ngudi Viet d hai ngoai noi chung, d Hoa Ky noi rieng la moi quan tam cua nhidu hoc gia quoc t l va nudc Vao nhiing nam 80 cua the ky trudc, dong ngudi dinh cu at tdi Hoa Ky sau chien tranh co phSn ling xu6ng, co nhilu cong trinh nghien cdu tap trung vao cac van de ve ti nan, on dinh cu6c s6ng (William Liu va Elena Yu, 1978) [2] Sau do, cac nha nghien cuu quan tam den sir hoa nh^p cua ngudi di cu vao xa hgi Hoa Ky va xung dot giiia cac the he, tieu bieu nhu Min Zhou va Carl Bankston (1998) [3] Cong ttinh cua Aguilar-San Juan, Karin (2009) [4] di sau tim hieu ve ban sSc van hoa ciia ngudi Viet d Little Saigons, khu trung tam sam udt nhat ciia cgng dong ngudi Viet d Los Angeles, Hoa Ky Gdn day, CO mgt so hgc gia Viet Nam quan tam nghien cdu ve van hoa cua ngudi Viet d nudc ngoai, tieu bieu \k cong trinh vl van hoa, xa hgi, hon nhan ciia ngudi Viet tai Quang Tay, Trung Qu6c ciia tac gia Nguyin Thj "Email: hiennguyenb@gmail com SSweNGwVigl^am, 4(5)5.2016 51 ^1 ratariibi K h o a h g c X a hgi ^/s Tslhan Phuang Cham (2006, 2012) [5, 6] Nguyin Duy Thieu va cgng su nghien ciiu ve Hch su di cu va loi song cua A transnational and multi-locational research into ; ngudi Viet d Lao (2008) [7], Mgt so nha nghien cuu the traditional culture ofthe overseas Vietnamese: khac Cling da nhan khoang trong nghien cdu ' ngudi Viet d hai ngoai, tieu bilu la bai viet ciia Hoang the Hung Kings worship ritual in San Jose, Nguyen Vu ve xu hudng tai thiet cac to cua van the United States hoa Viet tai New Orleans, Hoa Ky (2010) [8] va Chi Tmong Huyen dl cap din nhung chilu canh tinh than Summary sau kin ttong ky uc va dung tudng ve que huang ciia The article is part of the author's research work nhimg ngudi song d hai ngoai (2010) [9] into the traditional culture of the Vietnamese people in Silicon Valley, California, the United Tu goc dp xuyen quoc gia va da dia diem, thuc States (US) Research on traditional culture of a hanh tin ngudng, hoat dgng ll hgi trayin thong ciia migrant community abroad would be incomplete ngudi Viet d hai ngoai dugc cac hgc gia quoc te va Viet if only focus on just one location; therefore, Nam quan tam han vao nhiing nam gm day, dac biet it is necessary to explore the issues about the tu nhimg nam dau ciia the ky XX Dang chii y la cong community in both the country of residence and tnnh cua Hien Nguyen Thi va Karen Fjelstad [10] tim the native country where they have left, and hieu qua trinh trao doi, giao luu giua cac ong dong, ba then return to the transnational relationships dong d California va d miin BSc Viet Nam; Ashley [1| By the transnational and multi-locational Carrathers (2001) [11] nghien cuu ngudi Viet d Uc, methods in the context of globalization, the Hoa Ky, Viet Nam de tim hieu qua trinh hoi huang va author found that, in the process of formation, nhiing xung dot ve chinh tti ttong cgng dong ngudi maintenance and development, there were elements of traditional culture that had been Viet Nam d nudc ngoai; Priscilla Koh (2012) [12] bao defected, altered during the integration process ve cong luan an tien sy tai Vrije University vl overseas In the context of globalization, the nhihig trai nghiem cua the he Viet kieu thd hai ttd ve \^etnamese abroad have become more aware of Viet Nam dau tu va sinh song tai TP Ho Chi Minh the cultural identity of the nation, and they are always complementing, enriching to ensure the Gitf gin ban s i c dan tpc bd'i canh xuyen cultural identity to be maintained and developed quo'c gia va toan cau hda Through a specific case study on the Hung Kings Doi vdi cac nha nghien ciiu khoa hpc xa hgi va worship ritual in San Jose city, the article refers nhan van, toan cau hoa la su chuyen dgng cua to the preservation of the national culture of ngudi, hang hoa va y tudng xuyen qua ranh gidi quoc the Vietnamese community in the context of gia Toan cau hoa la quan diem cho rang, the gidi transnation and globalization, and also refers to the efforts to seek the supports from all sources cang co nhieu moi quan he chong cheo thong qua to ensure the transmission and promotion of mang ludi truyen thong, phuong tien di chuyen hien cultural heritages for future generations dai, nhimg dong chay xuyen bien gidi ve di dan, van hoa, ton giao Neu chi xem xet toan cau hoa chu yeu Keywords: cultural identity, Hung Kings worship dudi goc dp kinh te va giam thieu sir phdc tap cua cupc ritual, tke overseas Vietnamese, traditional culture, song ngudi vao cac luc lugng thi trudng, hay vao transnational and multi-locational research cac moi quan he giira cac chinh phii, quoc gia, cac to chiic quoc te thi chua dii Viec nhan manh vao khia canh kinh te, hay chinh tri dl bo qua nhdng thuc hanh van hoa, nghi le trayen thong cua cac cgng dong hai ngoai Tren thuc te, cac cgng dong d hai ngoai van luon giu ban sac van hoa ciia dan tgc minh, hoa nhap nhung khong hoa tan Ngudi Viet Nam d hai ngoai da xay dung, tri va phat ttien cac thuc hanh van hoa li^llSSiVietN^ 59 Khoa hgc Xa hgi va Nhan vSn trayen thong ciing nhu khang dinh ban sac dan tgc la mgt vdn dl can dupc quan tam, danh gia cac moi quan he xuyen quoc gia va toan cau hoa Do dac dilm cua ddi tupng nghien cdu d nudc ngoai va su ttd ve dat nudc que huang, nen nghien cuu xuyen quoc gia ve van hoa hai ngoai khong chi doi hoi su hien dien cua nha nghien cuu cac nudc khac ma can chinh cac doi tuang nghien cuu, cac thuc hanh van hoa (nhu nghi le, le hgi) cung mang tinh xuyen quoc gia Nghien ciiu xuyen quoc gia da pha vd phuang phap truyen thong cua dan tgc hpc la bao gom quan sat va phong van dien ttong thdi ky 1-2 nam, song cung, an cung vdi cpng d6ng de hieu biet ro ve hp (Amit, 2000:2) [13] Trong nhan hpc va nghien cuu van hoa, c6 nhiing khai niem thay doi v6 khong gian, van hoa va quoc gia (Appadurai, 1996) [14] da khien cac nha nghien cuu tap tnmg vao doi tupng d nhieu dia diem nghien cuu mang tinh xuyen quoc gia Hgc gia Marcus, 1995 [1] xac dinh mgt hinh thuc mdi nghien cuu dan tgc hgc la "chuyen tu dan dia diem va boi canh dia phuang cua cac ke hoach nghien cuu dan tpc hpc truyen thong tdi viec nghien ciiu su ludn chuyln cua cac y nghia van h6a, doi tupng, vd ban sac ttong khong gian, thai gian khuyech tan Hinh thuc xac dinh mpt doi tugng nghien cuu ma khong the chi tap trung tim hieu chuyen sau ve hp tai mpt dia diem ma d nhieu dia diem" Trong boi canh toan cau hoa, nhiing ngudi di cu, nhu ngudi Viet d hai ngoai da timg ly huang hoac the he thu hai, nhung ngudi sinh d dat nudc sd tai, nhung gid day hg thudng xuyen di lai giiia nai d mdi va dat nudc que huang, c6 nhirng ttao doi khong ngung ve van hoa xuyen qu6c gia Hg trd ve Viet Nam tham than, tham gia vao cac thuc hanh van hoa trayen thong d que huang nhu ll hpi, ciing gio ttong gia dinh, dong hg, di le d cac din thd, mua sam thd Cling, khan ao te, lugng thd, d6 trang tri tten ban thd Nhiing hien vat, y tudng, tti thiic ttong dong chay xuyen quoc gia tac dgng manh me tdi thuc hdnh van hoa ttuyen thong, lam dam da them ban sdc cua cac cgng dong d hdi ngoai Trong qua trinh hinh thanh, tri vd phat triln, co nhiing yeu to van hoa truyen thdng bi khilm khuylt, bi thay doi ttong qua trinh hoa nhap d hai ngo^i Gid day, boi canh toan cau hoa, ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai l^i cang y thiic hon vl ban sac van hoa cua dan tgc va hp da bo sung, Iam giau them dl dam bao KHOAHOC KHIGilGHi ViaN,lam 4(5)5.2016 cai hon c6t van hoa trayin thdng dugc tti vd phat huy ttong cupc sing hien tai va cho the he tuang lai Nhiing nghi ll thd cung trudc day da khong dugc thuc hien theo nghi thiic trayen thong, vi hp khong nhd chi tilt, khong mang theo nhiing tai lieu, hien vat can thiet di cu Gid ddy, hg trd vl que huang de tham than, tim hieu, hpc hoi nhimg gi md hp thay can thiet de hinh thanh, tri va phat trien cai hon, ban sac van hoa cua dan tpc Viet mpt cdch tdt nhat d noi cu tni Co ngudi da mdi ca thdy ciing sang Hoa Ky de nhd hp day cdc khoa Cling td phii, ll thinh thanh, thinh phdt Dd thd Cling, tmdc day khdng mua dugc d Hoa Ky, hp da diing nhung gl co d do, nhu mua cdc biic tupng ldm bang thach cao, bang sii thd Thanh Mdu Thien Hau cda ngudi Hoa dat tten ban thd Mau cua ngudi Viet Trong qud trinh ttao ddi, ttd ve Viet Nam, hg da nhd ngudi than, ban be mua giiip nhihig hien vat can co ttong dien thd, tu ban thd, ngai thd, den nhiing dd ttang tri, an thd, long ngai ban thd td, lu huang, bdt huang su men, lu dong, cdu ddi, mam bdng gd, dai rugu, hoanh phi, kieu bat cdng, ao, mii te Di ddu ttong viec mua nhirng tl tu ndy la dng Nguyin Thanh Liem' - mdt vien tich cue cua Ban Chap hanh Hdi D§n Hung hai ngoai Bdng cac mdi quan he vdi ngudi than, ban be, ong da ggi dien hoac true tiep trd ve Viet Nam de nhd dat mua nhiing ttang phuc, dd thd ciing Anh Bdn, mdt ttong nhiing ngudi hg hang cua dng Liem song d Ha Ndi ke rang, ban dau cung khdng biet nhieu ve cac thd tu, nhung td dugc nhd mua giiip, anh da tim hieu ve ttang phuc cung tl, dd t l khi, vd tim chd dat hang chat lugng cao tai cdc phd d Ha Ndi^ Vdi su giup dd ciia nhiing ngudi d Viet Nam vi?c mua, chuyen dd thd ciing sang Hoa Ky, va hgc hoi them vl nhiing tri thde ve te ll Ban Chdp hanh Hpi din Hung da td chuc cac tl ll cac bac tien hien, gid To Hung Vuong long trgng, the hien long tri an ddi vdi dat Td va cac vi tiln nhan Mdt sd ngudi Viet Nam dan thudn ttd vl que huang tham than, tham gia cdc boat ddng, sinh hoat d que huong, lam an, dau tu, tai hoa hpp vdi gia dinh ttong mpt khoang thdi gian Mdt sd khac lai quay ttd lai Viet 'Dirge sy cho phep ciia ong Nguyen Thanh Liem, bai viSt nSy toi dung ten that ciia ong, tat ca nhung thong tin vign Ith^c dugc thay doi ho, ten de diim b^o s^friengfir ^ p i dung phong vSn anh Nguyen Ngpc Ban, mpt nguoi hp h^ng ciia ong Nguyin Thanh LiSm Ha Npi, thang 7.2015 K h o a hgc X a hoi v^ M h S n vSn ^li^ J^'i n sinh sdng vd van coi Viet Nam la "nha" cua minh Nhung da sd nhirng ngudi di cu di vl tham que huong va roi Iai mang theo mmh nhihig ky uc, nhiing thu ma hg co dil mang theo dugc Do la tti thuc van hda, ttuyen thdng, thuc hanh nghi ll, nhung ylu td giiip hg khang dinh ngudn gdc ban sac cdng ddng cua minh Hg sinh hoat hang ngdy vdi nhirng bua an Viet, thap nen nhang tten ban thd hp, bdn thd gia tien cho nhirng ngudi da khudt, td chuc gid td, gid dng bd, tham gia cac thuc hdnh tin ngudng bdn dia nhu len ddng, thd Cling Hung Vuang, di chiia ll Phat Ddi vdi nhom ngudi ndy, hp rat quan tdm den viec xay dung, bd sung, lam gidu them van hoa Viet Nam bang nhieu hinh thuc khde Hp "ttd ve vdi cdi ngudn" de "xin chan nhang" bdt huang thd thanh, thd gia tien, mua hien vat thd Cling, tim hieu hinh thuc thd ciing, tiln hanh nghi 16, lam gia pha ddng hp Tin nguvng tha ciing Hung Vutmg cua ngvoi Viet dt San Jose Thanh phd San Jose ndm ttong trang tam Thung liing Silicon, ndi tieng ve ky thuat, cdng nghe cao, la nai tap tmng nhieu nhat cac tap doan ndi tieng ve cdng nghe thdng tin, dien tu San Jose ciing la mdt nhirng phd cd nhilu ngudi Viet Nam sinh sdng, da xdy d\mg dugc khu thuang mai tuong ddi sam uat mang ten Saigon Business District, sau dugc ddi lai vdi ten gpi la Little Saigon, gidng nhu d Los Angeles Day la mgt khdng gian thuang mai, van hda vdi cua hang, khu mua sdm, am thuc mang ban sac Viet Nam Sd ngudi Viet Nam ddu tien den sinh sdng d phd San Jose tu nhiing nam 1960 va da so la ngudi ti nan tu sau nam 1975 Theo thdng ke, co khoang 125.000 ngudi Viet dang sinh sdng tai day Ngodi khu thuang mai mang tam hdn Viet, ngudi Viet d San Jose dang phat triln manh me nhiing khdng gian thuc hanh van hoa trayin thdng nhu Din thd Hung Vuang^ han 10 dien thd Mau, gdn 30 chiia, trang tam day tilng Viet Van Lang "Con dau, cha me do" la quan niem trd ddng 'Ten clvnh thuc b Den tho Quoc to Hiing Vucmg, dia chi o 780 South First Street, San ose, California, Hoa Ky Vi tin nguong tha ciing _ ^ nguoi Hung "' """"^ Viet, "" nen """ tac """ gia " " bai "' viit '""' diing '^' ten '"" DSn ^~'' tho "'" Hur Jixang de tranh su ap dai cho tit ca cac dan toe khac cr Viet Nr \is^Zi%\ilam' luc dl cdng ddng mdt nhom ngudi Viet d phd San Jose luu lac sang miln Bde Califoraia xay d^mg mpt ngdi din thd Himg Vuang Khdi su bdng viec lap Hdi din Hiing hdi ngoai (Association of Kmgs Hung Temple) va dang ky vdi chinh quyln tilu bang California va Lien bang Hoa Ky nhu la mgt td chuc phi chinh phu (NGO) co tu each phdp nhan, ho^t ddng hgp phap tten toan lanh thd Hoa Ky Thuc hanh nghi le gio Td Himg Vucmg dupc bat ddu tu nam 1981 Ban ddu, nai thd cung chi la mdt hdi trudng thue tam de Hpi den Hiing td chuc te le (sdng bay ll, dd thd Cling, chieu le xong, te dugc thu dgn va cdt giii tai tu gia) Trong nhiing nam ddu, hdng ndm Hgi chii ttpng vao viec td chuc nhung budi le chinh nam, gdm dip ll chinh la Tet Nguyen dan, Le gid Hai Ba, Le gid Td Hung Vucmg vd gid Due Thanh Tran Ndm 1992, hg xay dupc mdt ngdi mieu nhd d cdng vien Sau do, Hdi da thue mdt nha kho va sinh hoat nai dugc 10 nam (1994-2004) Nhan thay viec thue nai thd tu tdn kem Ban Chap hanh Hdi da quyet dinh mua mpt ngoi nha tnmg tam thuang mai San Jose vdi dien tich han 450 m^ de thd cac Vua Hiing ciing cac vj tien hien Viet Nam Den Hung md cua hang cho khach thap phucmg den te le va hang nam td chuc nghi le chinh la Tet Nguyen dan, Le gid Hai Ba, gid Td Hiing Vuong va gid Due Thanh Tran Ca sd thd tu phan nao da dap ling nguyen vgng co mpt chdn trang nghiem cua cdng ddng ngudi Viet d hai ngoai de thd ciing tien nhdn vdi triet ly udng nudc nhd ngudn va ttao trayen thdng cho cac the he tuang lai Mpt ttong nhiing muc dich chinh cua viec lap ngdi den la tao su Hen ket giira que cha ddt td va nhiing the he chau sau Hoan canh dua ddy, nhiing ngudi ly huong da "dung mpt ngdi den de chau tim ve dong gidng" Khi vieng tham nai nay, mpi ngudi thap nen hucmg, tudng nhd ve dat Td va cac vi tiln nhdn da day cdng gay dung va bao ve ddt nudc Khu thd Cling td tien la noi chau tim den de bilt them ve Iich su, ngudi Viet Nam cung nhu phong tuc tap quan ciia cha dng luu trayen lai Quan trpng hon ca, cac vien cua Hgi mudn vinh danh td tien cua minh, bao tdn di san va giao due chdu Ong Liem cho biet, mac dii sdng xa que hucmg, nhung "chiing tdi vdn mudn gin giu trayen thdng va phong tuc ciia minh, khdng chi cho the he chiing tdi ma cho K h o a hgc X S hpi v^ N h a n vSn nhiing the he tuong lai (xem them Fjelstad vd Nguy6n Thanh Liem, 2011) [15] Ve each bai tti dipn thd, hinh thuc td chuc, quy md, nghi thde te le, dd ciing le Himg Vucmg, neu dem so sanh vdi cdc khia canh tucmg img ttong cac den thd tai Khu di tich lich su din Hiing, chung ta thdy nhiing net tuang ddng Hinh thde bai tti cac ban thd va ttang tri diu mang ddu dn van hoa ttiiyln thdng ciia ngudi Viet va cac hinh thuc te ll, smh hoat van hda mang y nghTa tudng nhd ve cpi ngudn Hlnh thde be ngoai nhu chi tilt quy ttinh t l ll co thl thay ddi tiiy theo ban te va dng chu te, nhung d ben vdn la sy tdn thd Hung Vuang - dng td cua dan tdc Gid day, den thd Hiing Vuang d phd San Jose da ttd nai tham quan ciia cac nha lanh dao, ngoai giao Viet Nam, ciing nhu cua cac nhd nghien ciiu, sinh vien, ngudi ddn sdng xa xu, ngudi Viet Nam di du ljch din California Niem mong mudn thd ciing Hiing Vuang d hai ngoai nhdm vinh danh di sdn van hda Viet Nam va tao dieu kien de nhiing nhdm sac tdc khac c6 the tim hieu ve van hda va phong tuc thd cimg td tien ciia ngudi ViSt Do la mdt hmh thuc de khdng dinh ngudi Viet la mdt cdng ddng CO nhiing bieu dat van hda rieng va quan ttpng han cd Id gido due the he tre sinh va ldn len d hai ngoai hudng ve que huang, dat nudc Viet Nam, ve nai chdn vd cdi ngudn Tim kiem su- ho trv "tu* ben tren'"* Ddng chdy xuyen qudc gia ve cac hien tugng ton gido tin ngudng ddi dupc xem xet nhu la khdng gian tdn giao chuy8n dgng bang cac hinh thde da chieu md su chuyen dpng nam ttong nhung iing xu xa hdi va gidi h ^ bdi cac mdi quan he quyen luc Khai niem xuyen qudc gia "tu ben tten" va "tu ben dudi" giup cho viec the hien mdi quan he quyen lyc ldng ghep vdi su lan tda tdn giao Trong xuyen qudc gia "tu ben tten" dupc cac qudc gia ddn tpc vd kinh tl toan cau hd ttg, tao dieu kien, cdn xuyen qudc gia "tu ben dudi" lai dugc bdt ddu bdi nhiing chuyen dpng tu cdng ddng, tu cac mdi quan he ca nhdn giiia ngudi vdi ngudi Xuyen qudc gia ve tdn giao "td ben tren" diln ^Phin xem them bai viet ciia Nguyin Thi Hiln (2012) "Thay doi nhimg khong fan bien, bo sung va lam giau: Nghien ciru xuyen quoc gia va da dja dilm ve Ihyc hanh tin nguong va ll hoi ciia cong dong nguoi Kinh o hai ngoai" Tap chi Nghien ciru vdn hoa, s6 4, tr.65-94 KHOAHOC C&N6NGH£ Mal m 4(5) 5.2016 cac qudc gia khuyln khich sy phat trien md rdng cua cac tdn gido, cdc hgi dodn, cac ca sd ton gido nham thu hut cdc tin dd, phdt triln du ljch, kit hgp khuyln khich nhiing ngudi di cu gui tiln ve que huong trg giiip lmh vyc thd ty (Guamizo va Smith, 1998) [16] Khdng gian thd ciing cua din Hung hien tai d trung tam phd San Jose, theo kl hoach cua Hgi khdng phdi chdn ldu ddi vi chua ddp iing dugc nhiing yeu cdu tdi thilu nhu bai xe, khdng gian tap trang ddng ngudi, thu hiit gidi tre Thay vao dd, hg mong mudn cd mpt ngdi din co kiln tnic Viet, bao quanh la khudn vien cdy cdi va hd nudc yen ttnh, cd khdng gian cho ddng dao ngudi dan tdi te le vd td chdc cdc budi sinh hoat cOng ddng Hien nay, Hpi din Himg dang phdi ddi mat vdi nhieu khd khdn dl tri ngdi den va tap tyc thd cung Sd lugng vien tham gia giam manh, vi the su ddng gdp, lam cdng qua khdng nhieu Nhieu thdnh vien cd tudi ciia Hpi din Hung da mdt, ldp tte sdng tan man, qud ban rdn vdi cdng viec, khdng cd nhieu thdi gian tham gia cac hoat ddng van hda, te ll va mdt phan, hp ciing hda nhdp ban vdo van hda, ldi sdng duang dai tai Hoa Ky han nhiing thl he dau tien Hpi den Hiing ciing gap phai khd khan ttong viec thu hiit sy hd ttg cdn thiet tu phia cdng ddng ngudi Viet d San Jose ttong bdi cdnh thinh ciia Phat giao Cac chua mdi liSn tuc dugc xdy dyng, sd lugng tang nhanh, tu mdt vai ngdi chiia vao nhiing nam 80, den d day cd gan 30 ngdi chua Nhieu ngdi chua khang trang, rgng rai nhu chua Ddc Vien cd bai xe, co khdng gian td chuc ldp hpc tieng Viet cho khoang 500 tre em Ben canh do, nhiing hinh thuc thuc hanh khac lai cd chieu hudng phat trien ttong cdng ddng ngudi Vipt d thdnh phd San Jose, Id tin ngudng thd Mau tam phu, tu phii, xdy dyng cac dien thd Mdu, nhd thd hg Trong bdi canh do, Hgi den Hiing dang nd lyc tim mpi each de thu hut cac vien cua cdng ddng tham gia vao cac budi te le tai Den Hp mong mudn the he tre se tiep tuc phat huy trayen thdng vd keu gpi sy ho trg, tham gia tu cac tang ldp trang nien, nien, mdi nhung ngudi theo dao Phat, dao Mau den din thd, tham gia vao ban te cua Den HOi din Himg cung dang tim kilm sy hd ttp tti Chinh phli Viet Nam Tu Vien Van hda Nghe thuat qudc gia Viet Nam xay dyng hd sa qudc gia ve Tin ngudng 62 Khoa hgc XS hgi v^ Nhan vfin ^"^r^^ii thd cung Himg Vuang d Phii Thg ttinh UNESCO (2011) va dugc vinh danh ttong Danh sach di sdn van hda phi vdt thl dai diSn ciia nhan loai (2012), mdi quan he chinh thuc giira Ban Chdp hanh Hdi den Hiing d phd San Jose vdi Chinh phu Viet Nam mdi bdt ddu Ong Liem cung cdp nhilu tu lieu cho Vien ttong qua dinh hoan thipn hd sa dl cu trinh UNESCO vl viec tin nguong thd cung Hiing Vuang dd lan tda sang cdng ddng ngudi Viet d hdi ngoai Tmdc ddy, cac mdi quan he ciia Ban Chdp hdnh Hpi den Hiing chu yeu thdng qua ngudi than, ban be, nhirng ngudi lien quan d Viet Nam, thi hp dang tim kiem cdc mdi quan he "tu ben tten" de phat huy vd phat ttiln cac tap tuc thd Cling Hung Vuong d hdi ngo^i Van de xuyen qudc gia "tu ben tten" dupc tao bdi cdc nha nudc, dan tgc vd nln kinh tl toan cau, ttong dd, nhirng phong ttio ciia ngudi dan va cac moi lien he giiia ngudi vdi ngudi tao cac mdi quan he xuyen qudc gia "tu ben dudi" Ban ddu, thd Cling Hung Vuang d San Jose la mdt vi du diln hinh vl quan he xuyen qudc gia "tu ben dudi", nhung gid day la ca "td ben tten" CJ ddy, nhiing ngudi di cu, khong cd su hd ttg chinh thuc nao da mang trayen thdng thd cung vua Hiing den Hoa Ky Tren thuc te, Hpi den Hung dugc thdnh lap bdi mdt nhdm nhihig ngudi chii yeu gdc d mien Bac, di cu vao Nam, rdi sau chien tranh bang nhieu hinh thuc khac djnh cu d Hoa Ky tu nhiing nam 1970-1980 Da sd vdn giu mdi lien he chat che vdi ddt nudc que hucmg Phai ndi rang hp la nhirng ngudi cd mdi quan tdm den bao tdn va phat huy di san van hda thd ciing Hiing Vuong va coi minh la nhiing ngudi bdo ve van hoa ddn tpc [jfliiiii Chmh phu Viet Nam vl mat tdi chinh dl raua mdt khu dat rdng rai han Hp mong muon xdy dyng mpt ngdi din khang ttang vdi kiln tnic Viet Nam va thudn ti?n cho nhung ngudi din tl Ie, tham quan va sinh hoat cdng ddng^ Ket Iuan Sy hien hiiu ciia din thd Hiing Vuang d phd San Jose the hien tam quan ttpng ciia tap tyc thd ciing td tien cua ngudi Viet, mdt net ban sac van hda cua cpng ddng vd Id di sdn van hda ket ndi cpng ddng ngudi Viet d hdi ngoai vdi Viet Nam Den thd ndy Id nai luu giu nhiing tap tyc truyen thong tdt dep, noi sinh hoat van hda tin nguong cua ngudi Viet d hai ngoai Ngay nay, Hdi den Hiing mong mudn viec thd cung Hiing Vuong d hai ngoai dugc chinh thuc hda, dugc Chinh phu Viet Nam ghi nhan cdng lao giu gin trayen thdng vdn hda Quan ttpng hon ca, Id mdt hinh thuc bdo tdn va luu tmyen di san van hoa dan tpc nham giao due the he tre ve que huong, ve dat nudc Viet Nam vd ve cdi ngudn Ngay nay, van hda Viet Nam da dugc kieu bao luu giu va phat huy Ban sac van hda ciing la mdt nhiing dieu kien co ban de dugc cdng nhan la mpt dan tpc chinh thuc d ddt nudc nai cu tni nhu tmdng hgp dan tdc Viet d Cdng hda Sec, dan tdc Kinh d Tmng Qudc^ Hy vgng, vdi sy hd ttg "tu ben tren" cua Chinh phii Viet Nam cho khdng gian thd ciing, thuc hanh tmyen thdng noi chung va tin nguong thd ciing Hung Vucmg ndi rieng cua kieu bao d hai ngoai se gdp phdn khang dinh va tdn vinh ban sac van hda ciia dan tdc ddi vdi ban be qudc te, ddng thdi thiic ddy su hpi nhdp qudc te mdt each toan dien cua Viet Nam Trong sd dd, cd nhiing ngudi xuat than tu gia dinh cd dng, cha ldm thay cung, hay ban te le ciia -Tac gia bai viet da tmc tiep tham gia mot so cupc hop lien quan den hdi lang ttiiyln thdng tii nhimg nam 1950, nhu dng viec Ban Chip hanh Hoi den Hiing lim kiem sy lio tn? ciia Chinh phii Viet Nam Cu the vao thang 4.2015, tac gia tham dy buoi iam viec Bdng, hay dng Ddng - vien ttong ban tl cua den giija Ban Chip hanh hoi va Tong lanh sir Viet Nam £ai San Ngay nay, hg tim mgi each hd trg vdi hy vgng dam bao Fancisco Thang 5.2015, tac gia Eham dir cupc hop giira cac bp, ban nganh lien quan ve hinh thiic hd trg Hpi den Hiing theo y kien chi dao ttiiyin thdng thd ciing Hiing Vuang dugc trayen ni thl ciia Thil tuong Chinh phu vl chu tnrong dong y ho trp theo hinh ihijc he sang thl he khac Chiln luge cua hg id tim kilm xahoihoa Mat (ranToqu^c Viet Nam Bp Ngoai giao vaBp Vanhoa cac n.' • quan he xuyen qudc gia "tu ben tren" bang la don vi se dung lam dau moi cho qua trinh 'Dupc cong nhan chinh thi'rc la mpt dan tpc d mot dat nifdc ngudi each dl • =^hi sy hd trg tu phia Chinh phu Viet Nam, Viet duoc ho trp kinh phi tii ngan sach de phat trien ve van hoa, truy€n cac r W hgc xa hdi, nhiing nhd nghien cim di sdn thong, ngon ngti ciia dan toe minh Tai cac dia phucmg co nhilu ngirdi hoa, va a UNESCO Trong nam qua Ban Chdp Viet sinh sflng, tre em duoc hoc kiln ihijc bang tilng Viet Ngirdi Vi?t CO quyen su dung tilng Viet tai cong sd ciing nhu Ida an Ngoai ra, •3 j-jf ia chinh thuc lam viec vdi Lanh su quan cpng dong ngudi Viet Nam co the lap chuang trinh phat - Nam tai phd San Francisco ve su hd ttg cua va tmyln hmh bing tilng Viet lai nirdc so tai Vi liSSIIdSiVietNani^'''" 63 Khoa hgc Xa hOi v^ Nhan v3n L&i cdm an Tdc gid xin trdn trpng cdm an Quy Phdt trien khoa hpc vd cong nghe quoc gia (NAFOSTED) da ho trpr nghien cuu ndy Tdc gid cung biet an cdc thong tin vien Id kieu bdo sinh song tgi thdnh San Jose vd nhirng ngu&i thdn, bgn be, gia dinh cda hp & Viet Nam dd cung cdp nhirng thong tin quy bdu de hodn thdnh bdi viit Tai lieu tham khao [1] Marcus George (1995), "Ethnography in/of the World System' The Emergence of Multi-Sited Ethnography", Annual Review of Anthropology, pp.95-117 [2] Liu William, Elena Yu (1978), Refugee Status and Alienation Theory: The Case of Vietnamese in US Chicago: Illinois [3] Zhou Min and Carl Bankston (1998), Growing up American • How Vietnamese Children Adapt lo Life in the United States, New York: Russell Sage Foundation [4] Aguilar-San Juan, Karin (2009), Lillle Saigons- staying Vielnamese in America, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis [5] Nguyen Thi Phuang Cham (2006), Nghi li hon nhdn cua nguai Kinh d lang Vgn Vi Giang Binh, Dong Hung Qudng Tdy, Trung Quoc, Nxb Van hda thdng tin [6] Nguyin Thi Phirong Cham (2012), Ldm ddu nai ddt khdch: trdi nghiem vdn hoa cua nhiing nguai phu nii Viel Nam lay chdng Trung Qudc a Van VT Nxb Lao dpng [7] Nguyen Ehiy Thieu (chii bien) (2008), Di cu vd chuyen doi loi eSiNGNCHEVietlNam, 4(5)5.2016 sdng - iruang hgp cpng dong ngirdi Vi4l a Ldo Nxb The gioi [8] Hoang Nguyen Vu (2010), Diasparic Motions- The Shi^^ng of Vielnamese in the United States - The Case of Vietnamese A mencans in New Orleans Working Group on Exile, Expulsion, and Religious Refugees, Jackman Humanities Institute [9] Chl Truong Huyen (2010), "Imagining Oneself Otherwise: Hanoi Time-Space in Vietnamese Overseas Narratives", Annual Meeting ofthe Association for Asian Studies, PhilAdelphiSi [10] Fjelstad Karen, Hien Nguyen Thi (2006), Possessed by the Spirits: Mediumship in Contemporary Vietnamese Cultures, Ithaca: Southeast Asia Program Publications, Comell University [11] Caruthers Ashley (2001), Exile and Return • Deterritoriallzing National Imaginaries in Vietnam and the Diaspora, Unpublished Ph D dissertation University of Sydney, Sydney [12] Koh Priscilla (2012), Vietnam's Familiar Strangers Narratives of Home, Homeland and Belonging Among Second Generation Viet Kiiu in Sdi Gon Vrije Unlverstiy Amsterdam [13] Amit V (2000), "Introduction: Construction the Field", Constructing the Field: Ethnographic Fieldwork in the Contemporary World, London and New York' Routledge, pp 1-18 [14] Appadurai, Arjun (1996), Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization, University of Minnesota Press [15] Fjelstad Karen, Nguyen Thanh Liem (2011), Sdo ton disdn gido due chdu- Tha cung Himg Vucmg a Thung liing Silicon California, My, Ky yeu Hgi thao quoc te Tin ngudng thd cung to tiSn xa hpi duong dai: Tnrdng hpp tin ngu&ng thd cung Hiing Vuong d Viet Nam, Vien Van hoa Nghe thuat Viet Nam, Nxh Van hoa thong tin [16] Guamizo Luis, Michael Smith (1998), "The Locations of Transnational ism", Transnalionalism From Below, New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, pp.3-34 64 ... dan thudn ttd vl que huang tham than, tham gia cdc boat ddng, sinh hoat d que huong, lam an, dau tu, tai hoa hpp vdi gia dinh ttong mpt khoang thdi gian Mdt sd khac lai quay ttd lai Viet 'Dirge... luon giu ban sac van hoa ciia dan tgc minh, hoa nhap nhung khong hoa tan Ngudi Viet Nam d hai ngoai da xay dung, tri va phat ttien cac thuc hanh van hoa li^llSSiVietN^ 59 Khoa hgc Xa hgi va Nhan... tam, danh gia cac moi quan he xuyen quoc gia va toan cau hoa Do dac dilm cua ddi tupng nghien cdu d nudc ngoai va su ttd ve dat nudc que huang, nen nghien cuu xuyen quoc gia ve van hoa hai ngoai