TO CHirC TRlTNG CAU Y DAN VIET NAM HIEN NAY: N H O I G VAN DE LY LUAN VA THUC TIEN PHAM HONG D I E N " Tom tdt: Sau Luat TrUng cau y ddn ndm 2015 ddi, c6 rat nhieu cau hoi diigc ddt Id: Luc nao Viet Nam se tSchUc tritng cau y ddn? Be Luat Tritng cau y dan trd thdnh mgt cdng cu hihi hieu dexdy di/ng thdnh cdng Nhd nUdc phdp quyen xd hgi chu nghia? Bdi viei tap tr-ung lam ro xu th&' cua tn£ng cau y ddn d cdc quoc gia dan chu, cUng nhil sil cdn thiet phai to chiic tnin^ cau y dan d Viet Nam hien Tie khoti: Hoan thien phdp luat; tritng cau ddn y Abstract: After the passing of the Law on Referendum in 2015, many questions have been posed: When will Vietnam hold a referendum? How to make the Law of Referendum a useful too for the ruleby-law communist state? This article focused on clarifying referendum trends in democratic countries and the need to hold a referendum in Vietnam nowadays Keywords: Legal completion; referendum Ngdy nhan bdi: 05/01/2019; Ngdy sula bdi: 15/02/2019; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi: 29/3/2019 1, Trtfng cau y dan: nhufng van de ly luan Hien nay, xu the phat tridn chung cua eac nen chinh tri dan chu tren the gidi la thiic hidn va md rgng dan ehu trflc tiep Mae du da dUdc ghi nhan la ngi dung quan trgng eua hau hdt Hien phap cua cae quoc gia nhUng mflc phd bie'n ciia viec ap dung trUng c^u y dan d cac qud'c gia ciing reft khac Dieu phu thuge vao vi tri, vai trd eua trUng cau y dan ddi song chinh tri eda mdi qud'c gia va dUdc qui dinh hdi nhieu ye'u to' khac nhU dieu kien chinh tri, kinh te, van hda, xa hgi, trinh dd dSn tri, y thflc phap luat cung nhu thdi quen thiic hien dan chu eua ngUdi dan; cung nhU phu thudc vao sii tae dgng cua cae qud'c gia khac khu viic va the' gidi Tuy nhidn, c^n phai khang dinh xu the' phat tridn ta't yd'u cua nen chinh tri the gidi hien nay, trUng cau y dan cang cd cd hdi md rgng va phat huy vai trd cua minh vide thiie thi dan ehu Sdi 4-2019 O eac nUdc thudc he thd'ng thdng ludt (hd thd'ng ludt Anh - My), che dinh trUng eau y dan khdng dUde ap dung phd bie'n Vi vdi truydn thdng nen dan chu dai dien, Nghi Vien la cd quan ed thd thay mat nhan dan quye't dinh mgi vd'n de quan trgng cua da't nUdc Tuy nhien, thiic tien eua trUng c^u y dan cua Anh va My nhflng nam gan day eho tha'y xu hudng sd dung cac cdng cu cua dan ehd true tiep dd quyet dinh nhflng va'n de quan trgng eda qudc gia dang trd nen phd bie'n va can thiet Tai Anh, vao 23 thang nam 2016 da didn cugc trUng eau y dan de danh gia sU ung hd tiep tuc tU each vien eda qudc gia (gdmVfldng qud'c Lien hiep Anh va Bac Ireland va lanh thd Gibraltar) tai Lien minh chau Au (EU)*^' Nam 2004, *•' ThS., Tri(cfngCao dang Cong thildng Thanh Ho Chi Minh; Email: phamhongdienqd@ginali.coin *^' Ket qua kiem phigu cho thay da so ngadi dan chon rdi khoi EU vdi ty le kha sit - 51.9% phieu chon ttf bo so vdi 48.1% phigu chon lai NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HM Q TO CHirc TRUNG CAU Y DAN VIET NAM HIEN NAY tai 34 bang cua nUdc My da to chUc 316 cugc trUng cau y dan d pham vi dia phUdng, Califonia la bang d i n dau vdi 16 eudc trUng c^u y dan O eac nude thudc he thd'ng phap luat chau Au luc dia, cac qud'c gia thudng td chflc trUng cau y dan ve nhflng va'n de quan trgng cua da't nUdc nhU Hien phap'^', va'n de lUa chgn hinh thflc chinh the*^\ Tai Ai len vide sda ddi Hie'n phap Cdng hda Ai len bat budc phai thdng qua bang trflng cau y dan va tfl 1937 den da ed tren 20 lan thiic hien Hien phap Y qui dinh trUng cau y dan la mang tinh cha't bat huge va thflc tien da td chflc 64 cugc trUng cau y dan ca'p qud'c gia va 21 cugc trUng eau cap dia phUdng, lan mdi nha't vao trUng cau dan y tfl tri cua Venezia diin vao 22 thang 10 nam 2017 tai Veneto Day la cugc trUng cau y dan khdng rang huge, nhUng nd cd the ed hau qua ve cac cugc dam phan gifla chinh phd Y va Veneto lien quan den viec gia tang th^m quyen cho vung neu chie'n thang Thuy Si, trUng cau y dan dUde thuc hien d ca ca'p do: lien bang, bang (caton) va phd' (municipality) Thd'ng ke cho tha'y tfl nam 1948 den cud'i nam 2005, Thuy Si cd den 521 cugc trUng c4u y dan dUdc td chflc, chie'm gan 50% so lUdng eac cugc trUng cau y ddn tren toan the' gidi Canada cd lan trUng cau y dan, lan gan nhat vao 26 thang 12 nam 1992 ve Hien phap Lien bang Nude Nga da tflng to ehflc cugc trUng c^u y ddn, lan gan day nha't vao 12 thang 12 nam 1993 ve Hie'n phap mdi Cdng hda Phap da 34 lan td chflc trUng cau y dan (lan gan nha't td chflc vao 29 thang nam 2005 ve Hie'n phap chau Au) Thuy Dien da td chflc 10 eudc trUng eau Q] y dan va lan gan day nhat vao thang nam 2003 ve ddng tien chung chau Au Dan Mach da td chflc 19 lan, lan mdi nha't vao 28 thang nam 2000 ve viec gia nhap Lien minh ehau Au Phan Lan da cd l^n (lan mdi nhd't dUde td chflc vao 16 thang 10 nam 1994 ve viec gia nhap Lien minh chau Au) Hung ga ry da cd eudc trUng eau y dan, lan gan ddy nha't la thang 12 nam 2004 ve va'n de hai qud'c tich cua cdng ddn O cae qud'c gia ehau A, Philippin la qud'c gia cd nhieu nam kinh nghiem vide tie'n hanh trUng c^u y dan nha't, dUde bat dau bang cugc trUng eau y dan thang nam 1935 de phe chuan hoac bae bd mgt hien phap dUdc de xua't Dac biet, sau Hien phap 1987 dUdc thdng qua vdi qui dinh nhan dan cd quyen sang kien lap phap va trUng cau y dan thi hang loat cac cugc trUng cau y dan dUdc tie'n hanh nham quye't dinh nhieu van de quan trgng cua qud'c gia, dac biet la va'n de quyen tii quyet cua eac vung lanh thd nhu eudc trflng c^u y dan dUdc td chflc pham vi eua Khu tu tri Hdi giao Mindanao (ARMM) vao thang 11 nam 1989 vdi ket qua la khu tU tri dUdc lap Mgt loat eac cugc tritng cau y dan cung da dUdc td chflc vdi muc dich thdng qua luat de thiet lap khu tU tri S t^^^u^ T - ' ^ f ^ J^"" P'^^P- ° ^ thao Mu tien hi n^ 'IZ'K' ''TV'''' ^^-"nr ^^Bt duoc phe cbuin trunE cSu d i i • • ^""^ ' ' ° ' ' tM„g9naml958 "i!''^o