MOT SO naoNG TIEP CAN GIAO TIEP CUA CAN BO LANH DAO, QUAN LY NUOC TA HIEN NAY "Nghien cflu dupc tai trp bdi Quy Phat trien khoa hoc va Cong nghe Qudc gia (Nafosted) de tai ma sd VI1.2-2011.01" GS.TS Nguyin Quang Uan nCifng Dqi hoc Sif pham Hd Ndi PGS.TS Nguy§n Ba Duong Hoi vien Cliinh tri khu vifc I TOM TAT Giao licp (iui c dn bp Idnh dqo, qudn ly li ong hi' thdng chinli tri d nude la dien idi (la dqng, phicc tap vd cd nhicng dqc diem rieng bici Qua phdn tich cdc (dch hep can ve giao iiep cdch lie'p can ciui ty thuyet thdng tin, cdcli lie'p cdn mdi trudng \d hdi each licp c dn in lit lioc cdch tiep can idm tv lux < ho ihdy su can duel pluii tii'a chon (dl It iic'p cdn cd khd ndng phdn anh Into qiu'ii - (dch licp cdn he llidng < dch licp (dn cilice ndng Bdi vie) ndy phdn licit nii'il \d hudng lie'p can giao lie'p iiia tdn bd tdnh dqo qndii ty d nicdi la hien Tfl khoa: Cdch lic'p can giao ili-'p: Can tip Idnh dqo t/iidn ty (hti (hot: Hi ihdng chinh iri Ngdynluin hdi: 13/6/2014; Ngdy duyi'i ddng bdi: 25/6/2014 Dat van d e Trong nghien cflu khoa hpc, ngoai vice xac djnh ddi tugng nghien cihi dupc coi la cd't Idi, Ihi nhiem vu xac dinh lira chpn each licp can nghien cflu, Ciic phUcTiig phap nghien cuu cung khdng kem phan t|uan trpng D l cap dcii van dc nhii klioa hpc Xd viei vT dai l.P Pavlov (1849 - 1936) da kh;ing dinh: "Toan bp cdng viec nghien cflu Irirc licp nfim Irong phuong phap licp can Co phuong ph:ip lie'p can diing ihi ca nhflng ngudi chua hoan loan da gidi nhimg van cd i h l lam dugc nit nhilu, Ngugc lai neu each licp can s.ii, phutyng phap tdi till ca nhflng ngudi lai gidi cung cd t h i lam nhflng vice IKKII cong vd i'ch" (1) ("dn nha nghien cflu ITnh vuc lu nhien noi licng ngirdi Anh la T A P C H I ' T A M L V H O C , S d ( l ) - 2014 Charlers Darwin (1X09 - ISX2) cho ring: Nghe thuat tim toi cai mdi Ihe hien phuong phap tim toi nguyen nhan cua cac su vat hien tucmg va nam lay ban cha't vi chung Giao tiS'p ciia can b6 lanh dao, quan ly chu chot he thdng chi'nh tri a nude ta hien ra't da dang, phong phu va phiic tap ca vi mat ti'nh cha't va chiic nang Chinh vl vay, viec xac dinh each tie'p can nghien cuu chuan xac, ro rang, cd tinh chi dao vi nguyen tac nghien ciiu la nhiem vu tmdc tien can thiet phai giai quye't Mpt sd hudng tiep can nghien curu vi giao tiep Mac du khoa hpc giao tie'p ddi mudn so vdi nhieu khoa hpc khac, song cho den cung co nhieu each tiep can, nhieu khoa hpc nghien ciiu ve giao tiep Cd th^ khai quat mdt vai each tie'p can chi'nh sau day; 2.1 Cdch tiep can nghien ciiu giao tie'p theo ly thuyet thong tin Ly thuye't thdng tin hay ly thuye't toan hpc ve giao tie'p da dupc nha toan hpc N Viener va nha sinh ly hpc A Rezenblut de xua't tren co sd nghien ciiu cac qua trinh sinh ly hpc (2) Y titdng nha'n manh vao nhflng van de ky thuat viec chuyen thdng diep ttr mpt ngudi giii de'n mpt ngudi nhAn Ly thuye't thdng tin vi giao tie'p dua tren co sd md hinh giao tie'p bao gdm ye'u td: Bd phat (ngudi giii), bd thu (ngudi nhan) ban thdng diep, phan hdi va dieu chinh Nhu vay, theo ly thuye't thdng tin, giao tie'p la qua tiinh trao ddi thdng tin va ngupc lai Ta cd th^ hinh dung qua trinh giao lie'p theo ly thuyet thdng tin nhu sau: Mdt thdng diep bat dau vdi mdt ngudn tin la y nghT ciia ngudi giri (ngudi viet hay ngudi ndi): ngudi giii ma hda thdng diep tfl va cau Thdng diep dd dupc truydn di nhu mdt tin hieu (dau hieu Iren gia'y hoac sdng am) qua mdt dudng dd nd cd the bi bie'n dang bdi tie'ng dn (nhieu) nhu (Idi danh may hoac nhflng va'n de am hpc) d giai doan cudi ciing, ngudi nhan (ngudi nghe hay ngudi dpc) giai ma thdng diep (3) Mac dii cac nha nghien ciiu cd the dua sd lupng cac td khac ve md hinh giao tiep, song theo quan diem ciia ly thuyet thong tin thi khdng the bd qua ndi dung co ban sau: Mdt la, Irong giao lie'p, thdng tin la dieu khdng the' thie'u hei thdng tin thi qua trinh giao tiep se ngimg Hai la, lien he ngupc, phan hdi (feedback) la cac thdng tin dap lai ciia ngudi nhan vdi ngudi giii (phiit am), phan hdi giup cho sir tu dieu khien, tu dieu chinh cQa hai phi'a dat muc di'ch giao tiep Ba la, sir dieu khie'n cua mdi ben nham khac phuc hoac chd'ng lai dd nhieu (tie'ng dn) cua mdi tnrdng, giiip cho viec giao tiep thuan ipi hon Irong viec dat muc tieu giao tiep TAPCHlTAMLyHpC,Sd7(IS4),7-2014 31 Ly thuyet thdng tin ve giao tiep dugc coi nhu la cd fch va cd anh hudng Idn vi nd da de xua't khai niem ngudi giri, ngudi nhan, khai niem tuong tac cd th^ cd gifla cac chii the giao tie'p; nd nhan manh 6€n tfnh chfnh xac cua giao tie'p Song han che' co ban cua ly thuye't la d chd cac ehu th^ giao tie'p khdng phai la cd may; dac biet nd chua chii trpng de'n hoan canh van hda, xa hdi ngudi giao tiep vdi 2.2 Ly thuyet moi tru&ng xd hpi vegiao tiep De khac phuc nhflng ban che' cua ly thuye't thdng tin v^ giao tie'p, mdt sd nha xa hdi hpc va nghien cflu flng xfl da de xua't ly thuye't mdi trudng xa hdi ve giao tie'p Ly thuye't nhan manh de'n hoan canh, mdi trudng van hda xa hpi ma ngudi giao tiep vdi nhau, nhttt la giao tie'p mdt td chflc Khi lam viec va giao tiep mdt co cau td chflc nha't dinh ngudi tham gia vao mdt hoan canh xa hdi nha't djnh De giao tie'p cdng ddi hdi mdi chu th^ giao tie'p phai diing vai, ngoai can phai hieu va nSm viing nhflng quy tac hay nen van hda cua mdi trudng giao tie'p ben va ben ngoai t6 chflc Qiinh nhflng quy tac chfnh thflc va nhung quy tac ba't van da chi phdi viec chung ta giao tie'p vdi ai, giao tie'p nhu the' nao, vao luc nao va bao lau thi thfch hgp va cd hieu qua Ly thuyet mdi trudng ve giao tie'p cd vai trd dac biet quan trgng bdi canh hdi nhap hien dang xua't hien nhieu td chflc da van hda va su phat trien nhanh ehdng cua cdng nghe thdng tin Tuy nhien ly thuye't chi nha'n manh d6n mdt mat ciia giao tiep, nd ehua phan anh dupc ban eha't ciJa giao tie'p cung nhu tfnh phong phii, da dang nhieu mat ciia giao lie'p, nha't la giao tie'p quan ly 2.3 Ly thuyet tu tic ve giao tie'p Theo ly thuye't nay, giao tiep eiia ngudi khdng di theo mdt dudng thang ma di theo mot cung trdn; khdng phai ehi la viee gfli mdt thdng diep la xong ma dieu quan trpng la eon phai lam san sinh mpt dap flng Mat khae ly thuyet nha'n manh mot dac tfnh he't sflc co ban ciia giao tie'p la: Giao tie'p khdng phai tTnh ma la dpng - giao tie'p mpi thfl deu cd the thay d6i, dac biet la d cac chu the tham gia giao tiep Nhiing dac tfnh ciia giao tiep ma ly thuye't nh^n manh cd y nghTa ra't quan trpng ddi vdi cac nha lanh dao, quan ly giao tie'p td chflc Thdng thudng mdt sd ngudi chi chii trpng de'n viec viet hay ndi eai gi va vie't hay noi nhu the' nao? Chfl ft chu y den su san sinh mpt dap flng ma hp mong dgi d cfl tpa giao tiep vdi hp Md hinh giao tiep gom ye'u td: Ngudi giao tie'p, thdng diep, cfl tpa, dap flng va mdi trudng, nd khdng phai la mdt dudng thang ma la cd dang eung trdn Ti'nh tuan hoan cfla md hinh cho tha'y hieu qua 32 TAP CHITAM LyHOC, Sd7 (184), - 2014 giao tie'p ciia ngudi lanh dao, quan ly thudc vao kei qua ma ngtrdi dd tac ddng, truyen cam hiing 2.4 Ly thuyet tdm ly hoc ve giao tiep Nhirng nghien ciiu tam ly hpc ve giao tie'p d va ngoai nfldc, nhai la nhung nghien ctiu ciia cac nha tam ly hpc Xd viei, cd th^ tam chia hai xu hudng sau: - Cdch lie'p can giao lie'p nhu mpt hoat dpng Cung vdi pham tru "hoat ddng", ndi len md'i quan he tac ddng qua lai, chuyen hda cho gifla ngudi vdi ngudi vdi tu each la chii the ciia hoat ddng vdi khach the (gdm nhung su vat, hien tupng va mdi quan he gifla chiing thirc te' khach quan), la pham tru giao tie'p the hien quan he qua lai gifla chu the vdi chii the khac d cac ca'p dd ca nhan, nhdm, cdng ddng Trong quan he giao tie'p, dua de'n su bie'n ddi ciia ca hai chii the, nghia la tao san ph^m d ca hai chii the Tuy nhien, xung quanh mdi quan he hoat ddng va giao tie'p, each tie'p can cdn cd nhflng y kie'n khac Trong tam ly hpc Xd viei, tfl nhflng nam 30 cua the' ky XX trd di Cling vdi viec phan ti'ch ban chai va vai trd dac biet quan trpng cua "hoat ddng cd ddi tupng", quan he "chii the" (S) - khach the (O), A.N Leonchiev va cac cdng su deu coi giao tie'p (chii the - chu thd) nhu mdt dang ciia hoat dpng Vao nhflng nam 70 ciia the' ky XX, tie'p tuc phat trien each tie'p can giao tie'p nhu mdt dang hoat ddng, A.A Leonchiev cho rang, cung nhu cac dang hoat dpng khac, giao tie'p hudng vao muc dich xac dinh va nhflng ddng co nhai dinh thiic da'y, hoat dpng giao tie'p dien nhd cac phucmg tien dac thii nhfl phuong tien ngdn ngtt va "phi ngdn ngO" ("Tam ly hpc giao tiep" (1974) va "Giao tiep supham (1979)", ban lieng Nga) Trong thira nhan mdi quan he qua lai giua "hoat ddng" va "giao tie'p", B.Ph Ldmov cho ring giao tie'p la mdt pham tru ddc lap, mdi quan he vdi hoat ddng, khdng nen coi giao tiep la mdt dang dac thii cua hoat ddng Trong tac phfim "Nhung van de ly luan va phuang phap luan tam ly hpc" B.Ph Ldmov coi giao tie'p la hinh thflc dpc lap va dac thii cia ti'nh tfch cue ciia chii thd, la hinh thai dac Irung cim sir tac ddng qua lai ciia chii the len mpt chii thd khac" (4) Nhu vay, dii each tie'p can nha'n manh vai trd quyei dinh chi thudc ve "hoat ddng cd ddi tupng" va coi giao tie'p chi la dang dac thil ciia ho^l ddng hoac each tiep can coi giao tiep la pham trii ddc lap, cd tfnh ddng dang vdi "hoat ddng cd ddi tupng" thi deu cd nhung hat nhan rai hpp ly, nhung cQng cd nhflng di^u dii gay nen tranh cai - Cdch tiep can giao lie'p nlnr nipl quan he linmg ldc \d hpi TAP CHi TAM LV HOC, Sd (IS4), - 2014 Xuat phat tfl quan diem xa hdi - lich sfl ve ban chat lam ly ngudi, cac nha tam ly hpc Xd viet, nhu L.X Vugd'txki coi giao tie'p la md'i quan he gifla ngudi vdi ngudi, qua dd ngudi tac ddng qua lai vdi ve quan di^m va cam xiic la.L Kdldminxki cho rang: "Giao tie'p la sfl lac ddng qua lai v^ mat thdng tin gifla ngudi va ngudi, dd quan he lien nhan each dupc hinh va bdc Id" (5) B.D Parugin coi: Giao tie'p la qua trinh tac ddng qua lai gifla ngudi vdi nhau, trao ddi thdng tin, anh hucmg lan nhau, hi^u biS^t va nhan thflc v6 G.M Ancheeva tac pham "Van de giao tie'p" (6), cho rang giao tiep cd ba mat quan he hiiu co vdi nhau: Mat thdng tin, mat tri giac ngudi, mat tae ddng qua lai O Viet Nam, cac tac gia nhu Nguyen Quang iMn, Bui Van Hue, Tran Trpng Thuy, Hoang Anh, Nguyin Van Le, Vu Dung cung cd nhiing nghien cflu va dua nhiing quan diem ve giao tie'p Ke' thfla va van dung cac quan diem cua cac nha tam ly hpc Xd viet, tac gia Nguyen Quang U^n cho rang: Giao tiep la quan he gifla ngudi vdi eon ngudi, thdng qua dd, ngudi trao ddi vdi ve thdng tin, ve cam xuc, tri giac lan nhau, anh hudng, tae ddng lan nhau" (7) Theo tac gia, giao tie'p th^ hien md'i quan he gifla cac chu th^ vdi nhau, giao tiep xac lap va van hanh cac md'i quan he ngudi - ngudi, hien thuc hda eac quan he xa hpi gifla chii the vdi chu the' khac Qua viec khai quat cac each tiep can tren ve giao tie'p cho thay d mdi each tie'p can da it nhieu de cap de'n nhflng dac tfnh cO ban ve giao tie'p dua tren quan di^m cua tflng each tie'p can Tuy nhien tflng each tie'p can ve giao tie'p, ke ea each tiep can tam ly hpc dupc coi la each tie'p can tuong ddi diy du nha't cung chua phan anh dupc he't nhiing dac diem co ban cua giao tiep, nha't la giao tie'p quan ly Giao tiep ciia ngudi lanh dao, quan ly chii chdt he thd'ng chfnh tri nude ta, theo quan die'm ciia chiing tdi ngoai ehfla dung nhiing dac diem chung cdn cd nhflng dac diem rieng biet Chfnh vi vay de lam rd nhiing dac di^m cung nhu eo sd de xac dinh va tim kie'm nhihig bien phap de nang eao ky nang giao tie'p cho ngudi lanh dao, quan ly he thdng chfnh tri can lua chpn each tie'p can he thdng, chflc nang Cach tiep can he thdng, chuc nang ve giao tiep cua can bo lanh dao, quan ly d nude ta Tfl Hdi nghi Trung uong khoa VL khai niem "He thdng chfnh tri" dupc thay cho khai niem "He thd'ng chuyen chfnh vd san" He thd'ng chfnh tri Viet Nam (gdm Dang, Nha nude Mat tran Td qudc va cac td chflc chfnh tn - xa hdi) khdng ehi the hien tfnh chinh the ve td chflc, tfnh dai dien xa hdi, ma cdn khu biet id gifla he thdng td chflc bo may vdi cae ye'u td khae ciia n^n chfnh tri Hien phap sfla ddi 2013 ciia nude Cong hda xii hdi chii nghTa Viet Nam da quy dinh id vai trd, phuong thflc boat ddng cua cac td chflc vien 34 TAP CHf TAM LV HOC, Sd (184), - 2014 he thd'ng chfnh tri, xac dinh mdi quan he, su van hanh cua co che: Dang lanh dao, Nha nude quan ly, nhan dan lam chu (8) Can bd lanh dao, quan ly chii chdt he thd'ng chfnh tri dugc hi^u la nhflng can bd, cdng chflc gifl vi trf lanh dao, quan ly (cap trudng va cap phd) ciia cac td chflc he thdng chi'nh tri cac ca'p Giao tie'p ciia ngudi can bd lanh dao, quan ly he thd'ng chfnh tri la qua trinh phfle tap, chie'm ph^n Idn thdi gian cua ngudi lanh dao Di lam rd dupc dae di^m cung nhu cd co sd nghien cflu ve tfnh hieu qua va cac ky nang giao tie'p ciia can bd lanh dao, quan ly chung tdi cho rang c^n phai dua tren quan diem each tiep can he thd'ng, each tie'p can chflc nang Triet hpc vat bien chflng da khang dinh sir cin thie't, xem xet ba dang dac diem eo ban cua the gidi khaeh quan theo ba phuong dien: ca'u triic, he thd'ng, chflc nang Trong lich sfl khoa hoc, Charles Darwin da kham pha each tie'p can he thd'ng sinh vat hpc, Mendeleev da kham pha he thd'ng tu^n hoan cac nguyen td hda hpc, K Marx da kham pha each tie'p can he thd'ng nghien cuu xa hdi Trong tam ly hpc, cac nha nghien cflu cung da xac dinh mot sd yen cau cd tfnh nguyen tac viec tie'p can theo quan di^m he thd'ng nghien cflu tam ly ngudi: Tam Iy ngudi la su phan anh the gidi khach quan vao nao va mang tfnh chu the, tam ly la chflc nang ciia nao, tam ly ngudi chfnh la nen van hda - xa hdi ciia loai ngudi bie'n cai rieng ciia mdi ngu{Ti, nd cd chflc nang nhan thflc, td thai dp, dieu khien, dieu chinh hanh vi ngudi, lam cho hanh vi ciia ngudi trd hanh vi cd y thflc Tfl quan di^m tren cho tha'y tie'p can ca'u true va tie'p can chflc nang gan bd mat thie't vdi nhau; nhien nd chua du de' giai thich tfnh da dang, phong phii ciia tam ly ngudi Vi the can dflng tren quan diem he thdng de xem xet su Ihd'ng nha't gifla ca'u triic va mat chflc nang Nha nghien cflu ngudi Nga la B.Ph Ldmov da khang dinh: Ban cha't tara ly chi cd th^ dugc hi^u mdt each sau sac va loan dien tren co sd quan diem he thd'ng Nghien eflu tam iy ngudi nhieu md'i quan he, d dd tam ly tdn tai nhu mdt chinh th^ toan ven Chi cd tren CO sd quan di^m he thd'ng mdi cd the lien ke't, phd'i hgp gifla eac nha nghien cflu dcae ITnh vuc khac Dua tren nhiing quan diem tren chung tdi eho rang, de lam ro dugc dac die'm giao tie'p cua can bd lanh dao, quan Iy khdng chi dflng d viec xem xet cac td va cac mdi quan he ciia eac td (nhu ngudi giao tie'p, thdng diep, cfl tpa, su dap flng va yeu td mdi trudng) ciia md hinh giao tiep, ma dieu quan trpng ban la phai chuyen tfl viec phan tfch md hinh giao tiep sang phan tfch chie'n luge giao lie'p ciia ngudi can bp lanh dao, quan ly Chie'n luge giao tie'p bao gdm cae budc: Phan tfch td chfle, phan tfch nhflng bien ddi mdi trudng va phan tfch nhflng ddng giao tiep td chflc Chfnh tfl day gpi md cho ehung tdi ngoai viec lua chpn each tiep can he thd'ng cdn can phai sfl dung TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd' (184) - 2014 35 each tie'p can chflc nang nghien ciiu giao tie'p cua can bd lanh dao, quan ly chii chdt he thdng chfnh tri a nude ta ma trpng tam la cap huyen va cap xa Theo each tiep can he thdng ddi hdi nghien cflti phai coi toan bd cac boat ddng giao tie'p eua ngudi lanh dao, quan ly la mdt chinh th^ thd'ng nha't vdi eac dang boat ddng lanh dao, quan ly, nd cd kha nang tie'p nhan, xfl ly va chuyen hda cac yeu c^u, ddi hdi, thach thflc cac quye't dinh va hanh ddng ih^ hien d chie'n lupc giao lie'p Viec chuyen tfl phan tfch mo hinh giao tie'p (5 td) sang phan tfch chien luge giao tiep cua ngudi lanh dao, quan ly se giiip chung ta thay ro dugc md'i quan he gifla mat ca'u true va mat chfle nang he thd'ng, eu the la: - Ca'u true id tao nen md hinh giao tie'p thd hien nhflng md'i lien he ndi tai tuong ddi dn djnh; gifla cac to cua he thd'ng thudng dugc th^ che'hda (giao tie'p chinh thflc, giao tie'p theo vai, theo vi the', cac quy tac giao tie'p) Cac hanh vi giao tiep hay flng xfl cua ngudi lanh dao, quan Iy chiu su chi phdi cua cac quy dinh tren va thudng lap di lap lai tuong dd'i dn dinh trd nhiem vu phai thuc hien qua tiinh hien thuc hda eac chflc nang quan Iy - Viec phan tfch td chflc chie'n luge giao tie'p thdng qua co ca'u chi'nh thflc va khdng chfnh thflc se giiip chung ta nhan dien dugc loai hinh co cau td chflc eua eac td chflc he thdng chinh tri, tha'y ro dugc vi trf cua ngudi lanh dao, quan ly td chflc, cac md'i quan he Ngoai eon giiip chung ta hieu ro dugc co cau quyen lire, cac quy tac giao tiep van va bat van Cung tfl day giup chung ta tha'y dugc sir khac biet gifla giao tie'p CLia ngudi lanh dao, quan ly d cac td chflc khac he thd'ng chfnh tri - Phan tfch nhung bien ddi va thach thflc tfl mdi trudng giup chung ta tha'y dugc cac hanh vi giao tie'p, flng xfl ciia ngudi lanh dao, quan ly he thd'ng chfnh tri Chi'nh vi vay can phai xem xet giao tiep cua can bd lanh dao, quan ly theo quan didm chflc nang - chflc nang quan ly Trong gan 20 nam trd lai day, thuc te cho ihay nhflng thay ddi ve mdi trudng (nhat la su phat trien eua cdng nghe thdng tin va nhflng thach thflc mdi ve ehinh tri, kinh te', van hda xa hdi) da anh hudng den hicu qua giao tie'p ciia ngudi lanh dao, quan ly Nhflng yeu td mdi xuat hien nhU truyen thdng dien tfl, giao tiep qudc te', giao tie'p khdng phan biet da bupc ngUdi lanh dao, quan ly khdng chi chu trgng den van de lap trung thdng tin, thay ddi each ndi, each viet ma cdn phai chu trpng de'n va'n de khac biet ve mat van hda Viec phan tfch he thdng chi huy va cac ddng giao tie'p td chflc se giiip chiing ta thffy dugc thuc chat ciia vice nghien cflu giao tie'p theo quan diem tie'p can chflc nang Tuy nhien giao tiep ciia ngudi lanh dao, quan ly cd nhieu dac diem khae vdi giao tiep thong thudng Chfnh vi vay tie'p can nghien cflu giao tiep ciia ngudi lanh dao, quan ly theo quan diem chflc nang khdng chi dflng d cac 36 TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd (! 84) - chflc nang giao tie'p thdng Ihudng ma cae nha nghien ciiu da neu ma phai gan Hen vdi cac chflc nang quan ly Cho de'n nhieu nha nghien cflu da cd su thd'ng nha't ve cac chflc nang quan Iy: lap ke' hoach, xay dung td chflc, xac dinh bien che', chi dao, kiem tra (9) Thdng qua viec phan tfch cac ddng giao lie'p tfl cap tren xud'ng cap dudi, tfl dudi len tren, giao tie'p theo chieu ngang va giao tiep vdi ben ngoai khdng chi giiip ehung la thay dugc su cin thie't phai chu trpng su ihd'ng nha't gifla chflc nang giao tie'p vdi chflc nang quan ly ma cdn tha'y dugc nhflng ban che khd khan cua cac chu the giao tie'p, tha'y duge su cSn thie't ciia cae ky nang giao tie'p d ngudi lanh dao, quan ly Nhflng nghien cflu ve giao tiep quan ly eiia M Manter va nhieu ngudi khac da chi rd mdi quan he true tiep gifla phong each giao lie'p, cae ky nang giao tie'p vdi hieu qua giao tie'p va hieu qua lanh dao, quan ly (10) K e t l u a n Giao tie'p cua can bd lanh dao, quan Iy chii chdt he thd'ng chfnh tri d nude ta ra't da dang va co tfnh dac ihii De nghien cflu ve dac diem giao lie'p, ky nang va hieu qua giao lie'p cua dpi ngu can bp can Ihict phai su dung each lie'p can he thdng, each tie'p can chflc nang Cach tie'p can he thdng ddi hdi phai xcm xet giao tie'p ciia can bd lanh dao, quan Iy khdng chf d mdi quan he tuong tac gifla cac Ihanh to npi tai ma cdn phai chu trpng su luong tac gifla cac to ndi lai vdi yeu id moi trudng lao nen ehinh the thdng nha't - md hinh giao tiep Viec chuyen tfl xcm xcl, phan lich md hinh giao Iiep sang xem xet, phiin tfch chie'n luge giao licp gom budc: phan tfch Id chflc, phan tfch mdi trudng, phan tfch he ihd'ng ehi huy va cac ddng giao lie'p cac id chflc eua he thdng chinh tri cac ca'p, khdng chi giiip cho nha nghien cflu tha'y rd mdi quan he Ihdng nha't gifla mat ca'u Iriic va mat chfle nang; xac dinh dupc nhflng diic diem rieng biet cua giao tiep quan ly ma cdn tha'y dupc mdi quan he Iruc licp gifla ky nang, phong each giao lie'p vdi hicu qua giao lie'p ciia ngu'di lanh dao quan Iy qua trinh hicn lliuc lida cac chuc nang quan ly Chii thich l.P Piivlov, Todn tdp Tap 5, Matxcova, 1952, "^28 ban licng Nga Xem N Viener, Dtcii khien Iwc ha\ si( dicu khien vd hen hi' d ttong vdi \ a mdy NXB M., ban lieng Nga, !%H Mary Manlcr, Chien Iwo'c vd kv nCiiig ircng gi(U> licp kinh daanli Ban dich, NXB DPngNai, 1995 TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, S