CAC YEU TO ANH HU^ONG T6I HOAT DONG GIAO DUC • • • PHAP LUAT CHO CAN BO, CONG CHlTC HANH CHINH 6 NU^6C TA HIEN NAY Hoat dpng giao due phap luat cho can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh la boat dpng c6 djnh h[.]
CAC YEU TO ANH HU^ONG T6I HOAT DONG GIAO DUC • • • PHAP LUAT CHO CAN BO, CONG CHlTC HANH CHINH NU^6C TA HIEN NAY Nguyen Qudc Suu H oat dpng giao due phap luat cho can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh la boat dpng c6 djnh hudng, co to chirc, thong qua cac phuang phap dac thii va bang nhieu hinh thirc khac nhau, hudng tdi eung cap, trang bi cho can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh nliirng tri thirc, hieu biet ve cac van de phap luat noi chung, ve cac van de phap luat eu the lien quan den boat dpng cong vu noi rieng nham lam binh d hp tri thire phap luat, tinh cam phap luat va hanh vi phii hop vdi nhifng yeu cau doi hoi cua be thong phap luat hien hanh Ciing nhu cac dang boat dpng xa hpi khac, hoat dpng giao diic phap luat cho can bp cong chirc hanh chinh luon ehju sir tac dpng, anh hudng cua nhieu yeu to khac Hoat dpng giao due phap luat cho can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh luon dien mot moi trudng xa hpi nhat djnh, phu thupc vao cac dieu kien ve kinh te, chinh tri \an boa phap luat ciia xa hpi d timg giai doan phat trien nhat djnh Trong pham vi bai viet nay, chung toi tap trung phan tich cac yeu to kinh te, yeu to chinh trj, yeu to van hoa - xa hpi va yeu to phap luat Day la nhirng yeu to c6 anh hudng manh me den chat lupng, hieu qua cua boat dpng giao due phap luat cho can bp, cong chire hanh chinh d nudc ta hien Anh hiroTig cua yeu to kinh te Yeu to kinh te, hieu theo nghla rpng bao gom tong the cac dieu kien ve kinh te, he thong cac chinh sach kinh te, ciing nhu qua trinh trien khai thirc hien, ap dung chiing thirc te xa hpi Nen kinh te phat trien nang dpng ben xirng se la dieu kien thuan lai de tien hanh cac boat dpng giao due phap Hoc \ien Chinh tri -Hanh chinh qudc gia Hd Chi Minh 70 luat cho can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh dat hieu qua cao Ngupe lai, nen kinh te cham phat trien, thieu ben vifng se co tac dpng tieu cue tdi chat lupng, bieu qua ciia hoat dpng giao due phap luat cho can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh Dieu cho thay, yeu to kinh te co anh hudng manh me tdi boat dpng giao due phap luat cho can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh Dieu kien kinh te eo anh hudng rat quan trpng tdi boat dpng giao due phap luat cho dpi ngu can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh thong qua viec tac dpng den thai dp, nhan thirc ciia dp ngii can bp ve vai tro, tam quan trpng cua giao due phap luat; tir do, tac dpng den chat lupng va hieu qua ciia boat dpng giao due phap luat cho hp Khi nen kinh te phat trien, ddi song vat chat, loi ich kinh te cua cac tang ldp nhan dan noi chung, ciia can bp, cong ehirc hanh chinh noi rieng dupc dam bao thi can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh va ngudi dan se phan khdi, tin tudng vao dudng loi phat trien kinh te, chinh sach phap luat, vao sir lanh dao eua Dang va boat dpng quan ly, dieu hanh ciia Nha nudc; nhd do, ciing co niem tin cua nhan dan vao hieu lire, hieu qua cua bp may hanh ehinh nha nudc, tao dieu kien de can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh yen tam cong tac, gan bo vdi chuyen mon, tich cue hpc boi, nang cao trinh dp kien thirc, hieu biet phap luat de cong hien dupc nhieu ban Khi kinh te phat trien, ddi song vat chat dupc cai thien va nang cao, dpi ngu can bp, cong ehirc hanh chinh co dieu kien de mua sam cac phuang tien nghe - nhin co dieu kien cap nhat thong tin de thoa man nhu cau thong tin phap luat cang da dang, phong phii Cae chuong trinh tuyen truyen, bien, giao due phap luat se de dang den Ac YEU TO ANH HUONG Tdi dupe vdi nhieu can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh; nhu cau nghien ciru, tim hidu, tu trang bj thong tin, kien thirc, hidu biet phap luat se tro nhu cau tu than, tu giac va thudng trirc dpi ngu can bp Day chinh la dieu kien tien quyet de can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh nang cao y thirc chap hanh phap luat va nhu vay, viec giao due phap luat ddi vdi hp mdi c6 y nghTa Bdi vi, chi thu nhap ciia hp du chu cap cho ban than va gia dinh thi hp mdi yen tam cong tac, chap hanh ky cuong, cong hien tai nang va tam huyet cho dat nudc Dieu giiip cho dpi ngii can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh hoan tot cac nhiem vu dupe giao Con kinh te cham phat trien, lai ich kinh te khong dupe dam bao, ddi song vat chat gap nhieu kho khan thi tu tudng can bp, cong chire hanh chinh se dien bien phirc tap; y thirc chii dpng, tich cue tham gia boat dpng giao due phap luat se bj suy giam; va do, trinh dp kien thirc, hieu biet phap luat ciia dpi ngii can bp ciing kho ma co the dupe nang cao Day chinh la manh dat ly tudng cho sir sinh te quan lieu, dpe doan, cira quyen, phat sinh cac loai hanh vi tieu cue nhu nhan hoi 16, sach nhieu nhan dan dpi ngu can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh Dai hpi Dang toan quoc lan thir X da nhan djnh: "Tinh trang suy thoai ve tu tudng, chinh trj, dao dire, loi song, benh ca hpi, chii nghia ca nhan va te quan lieu, tham nhiing, lang phi mot bp phan can bp, cong chire dien nghiem trpng" Thuc te cho thay, mot nen kinh te chua phat trien, the che chinh sach khong thong thoang, de tao dieu kien cho can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh CO them thu nhap thi kho co the tranh khoi tinh trang hp choi bo eae nguyen tac, quy djnh cua phap luat ma "nham mat dua chan" Nhu vay, de boat dpng giao due phap luat cho can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh dat hieu qua thue sir, lau dai va eo chieu sau thi Dang Cdng san Viet Nam, Van kien Dai hdi dai bieu todn qudc Idn ilmX, Nxb Chinh trj qudc gia Ha Noi, 2006, U 65 van de co tinh chat nen tang trudc tien can phai giai quyet chinh la nang cao ddi song eua can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh Co che kinh te ciing c6 anh hudng tdi boat dpng giao due phap luat cho can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh Co ehe kinh te tap trung quan lieu, bao cap trudc day da tao cac chu the tien hanh boat dpng giao due phap luat ciing nhu can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh tam ly thu dpng, y lai, chd vao chinh sach, ke hoach ciia cac cap c6 tham quyen theo each thirc xin - cho Dieu lam mat di tinh chii dpng, linh boat va sang tao viec trien khai boat dpng giao due phap luat tir tat ca cac phia co lien quan tdi boat dpng Co che kinh te thj trudng djnh hudng xa hpi ehii nghla bien vdi nhifng mat tich cue ciia no se tao can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh va ngudi dan tu nang dpng, sang tao, coi trpng uy tin, chat lupng va hieu qua ciia boat dpng kinh te; tao thuan loi cho cac ITnh vuc san xuat, kinh doanh, lam nhieu ciia cai xa hpi Chung ta dang tren eon dudng xay dung nen kinh te thj trudng dinh hudng xa hpi chii nghia vdi nhieu hira hen d tuong lai phia trudc Mot nen kinh te dang tren da phat trien nhanh vdi nhieu co hpi rpng md, chac chan la mot dieu kien thuan Ipi de nang cao ddi song ngudi dan noi chung, cho dpi ngu can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh noi rieng Khi ddi song vat chat va tinh than dupc dam bao, chac chan y thirc phap luat ciia dpi ngu can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh se dupe nang cao, viec giao due phap luat nhd se them thuan Ipi va hieu qua ban Nhung mat trai cua co che kinh te thj trudng ciing tao tam ly siing bai dong tien, coi tien la tat ca, bat chap cac gia trj dao dire, chuan mijc phap luat; dong thdi, se tao nhiing quan niem, hanh vi sai lech, lay dong tien lam thudc de danh gia cac quan he giifa ngudi vdi ngudi Dieu se anh hudng tieu cue tdi boat dpng giao due phap luat cho can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh, sinh tinh trang chay theo bang cap de "thang chirc, tien quyen" 71 'HA NUdc VA PHAP LUAT S64l20h Kinh te phat trien, nguon thu ngan sach nha nudc doi dao cung la dpng lire rat quan trpng thuc day boat dpng giao due phap luat dien vdi chat lupng va hieu qua cao ban Vdi nguon lire kinh te du manh, Nha nude CO dieu kien de dau tu cho viec xay dung ea sd vat chat - ky thuat cho cac co sd dao tao phuc vu cong tac giao due phap luat cho can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh Chinh sach dai ngp doi \di can bp giao due phap luat va can bp quan ly cong tac giao due cho can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh (che dp luang, thii lao giang day, thu lao cho can bp tuyen truyen, noi chuyen phap luat ) nhd ciing gia tang Viec mua sam cac trang thiet bj dien tu, may moc truyen thong, bien soan be thong giao trinh, sach giao khoa, cae loai tai lieu phuc vu cong tac bien, tuyen truyen giao due phap luat se dupe chu trpng ban Noi each khac co nguon lire kinh te manh, Nha nudc CO dieu kien dau tu kinh phi nhieu hon cho hoat dpng giao due phap luat cho dpi ngu can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh Dieu co tac dpng tich circ tdi viec nang cao chat lupng, bieu qua ciia cong tac giao due phap luat cho can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh Ngupe lai, neu dieu kien kinh te khong cho phep, nguon chi ngan sach cho boat dpng giao due phap luat eo hep thi hoat dpng giao due phap luat cho can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh kh6 ma dat dupc ket qua nhu mong muon Anh hudng cua yeu to chinh tri Yeu to chinh trj la toan bp cac yeu to tao nen ddi song chinh trj ciia xa hpi d timg giai doan ljch sir nhat dinh, bao gom moi trudng chinh trj, he thong cac chuan muc ehinh tri, chii truang, dudng loi, chinh sach ciia Dang \ a qua trinh to chirc thuc hien chung; cac quan he chinh trj va y thire chinh trj; boat dpng ciia he thong ehinh tri; ciing vdi la nen dan chu xa hpi va bau khong chinh trj Yeu to chinh tri co anh hudng manh me tdi chat luang hieu qua cua hoat dpng giao due phap luat cho dpi ngii can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh 72 Moi trudng chinh trj cua dat nudc on djnh, phat trien ben vifng la dieu kien thuan loi cho viec tien hanh cac boat dpng bien, tuyen truyen, giao due phap luat cho can bp, cong chuc hanh chinh, vi nd tao co sd cung CO lap trudng chinh trj cho can bp, cong chirc noi chung va can bp, cong chirc hanh ehinh noi rieng Day cung la tien de de hp tiep nhan kien thirc, bieu biet phap luat qua trinh dupe giao due phap luat Ngupe lai, moi trudng chinh trj bat on, cac thiet che chinh trj khong phat huy dupc vai tro dieu tiet, dieu chinh cac quan he chinh tri thudng la nguyen nhan gay tam ly bat an cac tang ldp xa hpi, lam suy giam niem tin chinh trj dpi ngii can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh - nhiing ngudi, suy cho ciing, da va dang gop phan dua cac chu truang, dudng loi chinh trj eiia Dang Cong san Viet Nam vao thuc tien cupc song Khi do, hoat dpng giao due phap luat cho can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh kho ma dat dupc chat luong, bieu qua nhu mong muon Thuc te chimg minh rang, thap ky cuoi ciing eiia the ky XX, ma cac nudc xa hpi chu nghia d Lien X6 va Dong Au tan ra, mot bp phan khong nho dang vien, can bp, cong chirc nha nudc co sir hoang mang, dao dpng ve tu tudng, tam ly; nhung nhd moi trudng chinh trj cua dat nudc van luon on djnh dudi sir lanh dao cua Dang nen chimg ta da vupt qua thir thach mot each cong, niem tin chinh trj eiia dpi ngii can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh dupe ciing co, giiip hp tiep tuc hoan tot nhiem vu cua minh Cuang ITnh, dudng loi ehinh trj cua chinh dang cam quyen cung anh hudng quan trpng tdi boat dpng giao due phap luat cho can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh Sir van hanh cua nen hanh chinh Viet Nam luon dupe dat dudi sir lanh dao cua Dang Cong san Viet Nam Dang ta nhan thirc mot each sau sac ring, muon xay dimg nen hanh chinh thuc sir sach, vifng manh thi phai cham lo xay dung va phat trien dpi ngu can bp, cong cbtJC hanh chinh cd "nang lire to chirc va van ''Ac YEU TO ANH HUONG Tdi dpng nhan dan thuc hien dudng ldi ciia Dang, phap luat eiia Nha nudc, cong tam, thao viec, tan vdi dan, bidt phat huy sire dan"^ co viec nang cao trinh dp kien thirc, hieu biet phap luat, y thirc phap luat cho hp thong qua boat dpng giao due phap luat Ben canh do, "sir dung, khai thae va van diing linh boat cac hinh thirc, phuang phap phd bien, giao due phap luat dam bao tinh phii hpp giifa bien, giao due phap luat vdi tu van phap luat, tro giup phap ly, boa giai co sd, giai quyet tranh chap "\ Nhu vay, co the thay rang, Dang ta luon chu trpng va doi hoi nang cao chat lupng, hieu qua ciia boat dpng giao due phap luat Dieu c6 anh hudng tich cue tdi boat dpng giao due phap luat cho can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh d nudc ta hien Y thire chinh trj cua eae chu the va khach the tham gia boat dpng giao due phap luat cho can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh cung CO anh hudng nhat djnh tdi hieu qua ciia boat dpng Thuc te cho thay, vdi tu each chii the to chirc, trien khai va quan ly qua trinh giao due phap luat, lanh dao Dang iiy Ban Giam hieu cac co sd dao tao, giao due phap luat CO y thirc chinh tri cao, tham nhuan nhiem vu chinh trj cua ca sd dao tao, quan tam va ehi dao sau sat cong tac giao due phap luat cho can bp, cong chirc hanh ehinh bang nhifng npi dung, phuang phap va hinh thire giao due phii hop va hien dai thi chat lupng boat dpng giao due phap luat cho dpi ngu can bp se dupe nang cao Ngupe lai, su nhan thire, y thire chinh trj thap, boat dpng lanh dao, chi dao cam ehirng, thieu sau " Dang Cdng san Viet Nam, Cdc Nghi quyet Hdi nghi Idn thd ndm Ban chdp hdnh trung irong khoa IX, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia Ha Ndi, 2002, tr 84 - 85 ' Nghi quyit s6 6l/2007'/NQ-CP ngdy 7/12/2007^ cua Chinh phu ve viec tiep tuc thirc hien Chi thi sd 32CT/TW ngdy 9/12/2003 cua Ban Bi thu trung uong Ddng (khda IX) ve tdng c ng su lanh dgo ciia Ddng cdng tdc phd hien, gido due phdp ludt, ndng cao y time chdp hdnh phdp ludt ciia edn bd, nhdn ddn, thdng tin cd tai http://cpv org.viet nam sat, buong long quan ly tir phia cae co sd dao tao - giao due phap luat se co tac dpng tieu cue tdi boat dpng giao due phap luat cho can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh Ve phia khach the tiep nhan giao due phap luat - dpi ngii can bp, cong chuc hanh chinh - neu y thire dupe day dii rang, tham gia vao qua trinh giao due phap luat khong chi nham nang cao kien thirc, hieu biet phap luat va y thirc phap luat phuc vu chuyen mon, ma eon la nhiem vii chinh trj eua ngudi can bp, dang vien, nghTa la bp CO y thirc chinh tri tich cue, thi chac chan la boat dpng giao due phap luat cho can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh se dat chat lupng va hieu qua cao Tham gia vao boat dpng giao due phap luat cho dpi ngii can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh khong chi la nhiem vu ciia cac co quan chuyen mon, ma eon la trach nhiem chung ' ciia ca he thong chinh trj dudi sir lanh dao eua Dang He thong chinh trj d nude ta hien la lien minh cac thiet che chinh trj, chinh trj - xa hpi dupe lap, boat dpng moi lien he chat che ma vai tro lanh dao thupc ve dang ciia giai cap cong nhan va nhan dan lao dpng nham thue hien triet de quyen lire nhan dan, xay dung cong chii nghia xa hpi Ve sir tham gia ciia he thong chinh trj vao cong tac giao due phap luat Dang ta da ehi ro: "Trien khai manh me cong tac tuyen truyen va giao due phap luat, huy dpng cac luc lupng doan the, chinh trj, xa hpi, nghe nghiep, cac phuang tien thong tin dai chiing tham gia cac dot van dpng thiet lap trat tu, ky cuong va cac boat dpng thudng xuyen, xay dung nep song va lam viec theo phap luat cac co quan nha nudc va xa hpi" •* Ro rang la, xet tren phuang dien ehinh trj, sir tham gia cua ca he thong chinh trj vao boat dpng giao due phap luat noi chung, giao due phap luat cho dpi ngti can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh noi rieng •* Dang Cdng san Viet Nam, Vdn kien Dai hoi dai bi^u todn qudc Idn ihi'r VIII, Nxb Chinh trj qudc gia Ha Ndi, 1996, tr 241 73 HA NUdc VA PHAP LUAT SO 4/20H CO anh hudng tich cue va manh me tdi chat lupng va hieu qua cua hoat dpng Tinh chat, mire dp ciia nen dan chit xa hpi ciing c6 tac dpng quan trpng tdi hoat dpng giao due phap luat cho dpi ngii can bp, cong ehirc hanh ehinh Trong dieu kien xa hpi CO nen dan chii rpng rai, thong tin da dang, phong phti, da chieu, quy che dan chu d CO sd dupc phat huy chinh la dieu kien thuan Ipi de cac tang ldp xa hpi ndi chung, can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh noi rieng eo the thang than, cong khai bay to tam tu, nguyen vpng, nhu cau cua minh, dua nhifng doi hoi ve npi dung, phuong phap, hinh thirc giao due phap luat phii hop vdi yeu cau chuyen mon, tich cue tham gia vao boat dpng giao due phap luat vdi y thire, trach nhiem thuc su eua hp Con dieu kien xa hpi thieu dan chu, thong tin ngheo nan, mot chieu, tham chi thong tin bj bung bit thi bau khong xa hpi se ngpt ngat, tam ly chinh tri go bo, mpi ngudi khong dam noi that suy nghT cua long minh vi e ngai "pham buy" hoac bj danh gia ve lap trudng chinh trj Khi do, boat dpng giao due phap luat cho can bp, cong chire hanh chinh kb6 ma dien mot each thuan Ipi Anh hirdng ciia yeu to van hoa - xa hoi Cac yeu to van hoa thudng thupc ve mot moi trudng van boa - xa hpi nhat djnh va gan lien vdi mot pham vi khong gian - xa hpi nhat djnh, noi cae ca nhan va cong dong xa hpi to chirc cac boat dpng song, lao dpng, sinh boat, cimg tao dung, thira nhan va chia se cac gia trj van hoa, loi song, phong tuc, t^p quan, ton giao va tin ngudng Cac yeu to van hoa - xa hpi c6 anh hudng tdi boat dpng giao dtic phap luat cho dpi ngii can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh d nudc ta hien bao gom: Cac gia tri van boa truydn thong, van boa phap luat, ldi sdng, cae phong tuc, tap quan xa hpi, du luan xa hpi va thong tin dai chung Cac ydu td neu tren, d chimg muc khac nhau, tac dpng ddn qua trinh giao due phap luat cho can bp 74 cong chuc hanh chinh, bao gom nhifng tac dpng tich cue va ca nhifng tac dpng tieu cue Cdc gid tri vdn hda Viet Nam truyen thdng la tong the nhung gia tri vat chat va gia tri tinh than cong dong eae dan tpc Viet Nam sang tao qua trinh dimg nudc va giii nudc Bang lao dpng sang tao va y chi dau tranh ben bi, kien cudng, nhan dan ta da xay dap nen mot nen van boa ket tinh sire manh va in dam dau an ban sac ciia dan tpc, chimg minh sire song manh liet va sir trudng ton ciia dan tpc Viet Nam Nhd nen tang va sire manh van boa ay ma dii co nhieu thdi ky bi hp, dan tpc ta van giir vifng va phat huy ban sac van boa eua minh, chang nhung khong bi dong hoa, ma quat cudng dung day gianh lai dpe lap cho dan tpc Dd ehinh la chu nghTa yeu nudc, long tu hao dan tpc, tinh than doan ket, tinh cong dong Nhifng yeu to van boa nay, neu biet each khai gpi, khich le hop ly se c6 tac dung tich cue doi vdi boat dpng giao due phap luat cho dpi ngti can bp, cong chiic hanh chinh Dang ta xac djnh: "Phat huy chti nghia yeu nude va truyen thong dai doan ket dan tpc, y thirc doc lap tu chii, tu cudng xay dung va bao ve Td quoc Viet Nam xa hpi chit nghTa, xay dung va phat trien nen van boa Viet Nam tien tien, dam da ban sac dan tpc, tiep thu tinh hoa van boa nhan loai, lam cho van boa tham sau vao toan bp ddi song va boat dpng xa hpi, vao timg ngudi, timg gia dinh, timg tap the va cdng dong, timg dia ban dan cu, vao mpi ITnh vuc sinh boat va quan he ngudi, tao tren dat nudc ta ddi song tinh than cao dep, trinh dp dan tri cao, khoa hpc phat trien, phuc vu dac lire su nghiep cong nghiep boa, hien dai boa vi muc tieu dan giau, nudc manh, xa hpi cong bang, van minh, tien bude vung chac len chu nghla xa hpi" Vdn hod phdp ludt, vdi tu each la mot bp phan hpp eua nen van hoa ndi chung CO tac dpng manh me tdi boat dpng giao due phap luat cho can bp, cdng chirc hanh chinh Van boa phap luat la tong the eae boat dpng Ac YEU Td ANH HUONG Tdi ham chira cae gia trj phap luat dupe hinh thdnh tren co sd tri ihicc phdp lual, long tin, tinh cam ddi vdi phdp ludt vd hdnh vi phdp ludt thuc lien No bao gdm ba nhan td: Y thirc phap luat, be thdng phap luat va trinh dp, ky nang, nghe thuat sir dung phap luat cua CO quan, vien chirc nha nudc, ciia lanh dao cac to ehirc quan chung, xa hpi, ciia cac cong dan cac cupc dau tranh de khong ngimg hoan thien tinh nhan van ciia timg ea nhan, cong dong, dan tpc va quoc gia Van hoa phap luat ehi co the hinh tren nen tang y thirc phap luat, nhan thirc ve cac gia trj ciia phap luat Van hoa phap luat dupe the hien ddi song phap luat, thong qua qua trinh thue hien phap luat bang hanh vi phap luat eua cac chii the phap luat, co cac can bp, cong chire hanh chinh Van boa phap luat va boat dpng giao due phap luat cho can bp, cong chiic hanh chinh, c6 tac dpng tuang ho Mdt mat, boat dpng giao due phap luat gop phan nang cao kien thirc, bieu biet phap luat, y thirc phap luat, nghTa la nang cao trinh dp van boa phap luat cho can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh Mat khdc, van hoa phap luat lai tac dpng tich cue den boat dpng giao due phap luat cho can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh, vi chinh van boa phap luat se dat nhifng yeu cau, doi hoi phai nang cao hon niia chat lupng va bieu qua eiia hoat dpng Loi sdng - mpi thdnh to ciia vdn hda ciing cd anh hirdng quan trpng tdi hoat dpng gido due phdp ludt cho can bd, cdng chicc hdnh chinh Loi song la tong the cae net co ban dac trung cho phuang thirc boat dpng song, lao dpng va sinh boat ciia cac giai cap, dan tpc, eae cong dong xa hpi nhifng dieu kien xa hpi nhat djnh ve mat ljch sir Can cir vao each thirc to chire cu trii, lao dpng, sinh boat cua cu dan, loi song dupc phan chia loi song thj va loi song nong thon vdi nhiing net dac trung rieng Dac trung noi bat cua loi song thj la tinh tich cue chinh trj d thj tuong doi cao Can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh va ngudi dan thi CO nhieu dieu kien tiep xuc vdi cac thong tin chinh trj va tich cue tham gia vao cac boat dpng xa hpi Idn ma phan nhieu dupc to ehirc tai cac thi Cae phong trao c6 sue huy dpng quan chung d cac thj thudng dien nhanh hon so vdi d nong thon Day ciing la dieu de hieu, vi thi thudng la noi tap trung nhieu phan xa hpi eo trinh dp hpc van tuong doi cao, nhu tang ldp tri thire, can bp, cong chirc nha nudc Tai cac pho, pham vi giao tiep xa hpi, ve ca ban, tuong doi rpng, cudng dp giao tiep cao va mang tinh an danh giao tiep Day la dieu kien thuan Ipi doi vdi viec trien khai boat dpng giao due phap luat cho can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh, nang cao kien thirc, hieu biet phap luat, y thirc phap luat cho dpi ngii can bp Dieu ciing giiip giai thich tai trinh dp dan tri ve phap luat noi chung, trinh dp kien thire phap luat eua dpi ngii can bp, cong chire hanh chinh d khu vuc thj thudng cao ban so vdi khu vuc nong thon Dae trung co ban ciia loi song nong thon la tinh cong dong va chii nghTa tap the Tinh cong dong chinh la mot dieu kien thuan loi doi vdi cong tac chuyen mon cua can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh, dac biet la cong chirc cap xa Y thuc cong dong giiip cho can bp, cong ehirc hanh chinh de dang ban viec bien, tuyen truyen va thuc hien cac chu truang, dudng loi cua Dang, chinh sach, phap luat cua Nha nude; dua cac chu truang, chinh sach den vdi dong dao ngudi dan nong thon Sire manh ciia tinh than doan ket giiip cho can bp, cong ehirc hoan tot nhiem vu dupe giao, vi "de tram lan khong dan cung ehju, kho van lan dan lieu eung xong" Khi truyen thong dan chu lang xa dupe phat huy, moi can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh bupe phai luon tu y thirc ve trach nhiem trudc nhan dan, phai tu nang cao trinh dp kien thirc, hieu biet ve phap luat de lam viec tot ban, nghia la hp se tu giac, tich cue tham gia vao cong tac giao due phap luat vira vdi tu each chii the (tuyen truyen, bien phap luat cho nhan dan), vira vdi tu 75 mA NUdc vA PHAP LUAT sd 4/20U each khach the (tu minh di hpc de nang cao bieu biet phap luat) Mat khac, su de cao thdi qud tinh cong ddng vd chit nghia lap the ciing de dan can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh den viec danh mat y thirc ve eon ngudi ea nhan, "cai toi" bi triet tieu Khi "cai toi" bi nhat nhoa cac quan he lang xa thi y thirc ea nhan va hanh vi ea nhan eiia moi can bp, cong chuc hanh chinh ciing bi dat vao loi xir the "boa ca lang" "Con ngudi Viet Nam, ca chua sinh ra, trudc bet va chii yeu, la eon ngudi ciia cong dong, nho nhu gia dinh, ddng hp, phe, phudng, hdi, gidp, Idn nhu Idng nudc, tham ehi ca thien hg nira Chi vdi tu each la vien ciia cong dong, chir khong phai vdi tu each ca nhan, ngudi mdi CO ehiit it gia tri Trong khuon kho cong dong, ngudi khong co quyen lira chpn loi song rieng cho minh Ciing lam, chi dupe lira chpn nhiing sac thai khac eiia ciing mot s6ng"\ Tinh trang khien cho can bp, cong chire hanh chinh, phai doi mat vdi nhirng viec lam sai trai, khuyet diem, tham chi vi pham phap luat thi hp thudng tim each ne tranh trach nhiem ca nhan va muon la "trach nhiem tap the" Ben canh do, chu nghia tap the thudng la cai cd de can bp, cong ehirc hanh ehinh diing de bien minh cho thoi quen y lai vao tap the va tam ly "an phan thii thudng" Chinh dieu lam ban che nang lire sang tao, sir chu dpng, quyet doan cua can bp, cong chire hanh chinh dieu hanh, giai quyet cae cong viec hanh chinh - sir vu Khi "cai toi" khong dupc khang djnh thi viec hpc tap, boi dudng nang cao trinh dp kien thirc, hieu biet phap luat khong la nhu cau tu than, tu giac, tich cue moi can bp, cong ebiic hanh chinh nifa; co chang, ehi la sir mien cudng, ddi Day la mot kho khan doi vdi boat dpng giao due phap luat cho can bd, cdng chiic hanh chinh d khu vuc ndng thdn; cimg la mot nhiing nguyen nhan dan den nhifng ban che, bat cap trinh dp kien thire, hieu biet phap luat ciia dpi ngii can bp La mot hien tupng thupc ddi song tinh than cua xa hpi, du ludn xd hpi co anh hudng manh me den boat dpng giao due phap luat cho can bp, cong chire hanh chinh, the hien tren cae khia canh sau: Mot Id, du luan xa hpi luon doi hoi can bp, cong chiic hanh chinh phai co mot trinh dp kien thiic, hieu biet nhat djnh ve phap luat de giai quyet dung dan cae van de lien quan den loi ich ciia Nha nudc va nhan dan Viec can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh tich cue tham gia vao boat dpng giao due phap luat se dap img co ban doi hoi Hai Id, du luan xa hpi doi boi can bp, cdng chirc hanh ehinh phai thudng xuyen cap nhat thong tin ve cac chinh sach, van ban phap luat mdi de dap img kjp thdi nhu cau giai quyet cong tac chuyen mon Thong tin loai thudng dupe de cap nhieu npi dung boat dpng giao diac phap luat Ba Id, du luan xa hpi doi hoi can bp, cong chirc hanh ehinh phai thuc sir nghiem tuc, cau thi, bpc hoi nham nang cao hieu biet phap luat Muon vay, can tich cue tham gia cac dot tap huan, boi dudng, giao due phap luat Bdn Id, du luan xa hpi doi hoi can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh phai thudng xuyen tiep thu, tich liiy nhiing bai hpc kinh nghiem tir thuc tien ddi song phap luat de van dung vao qua trinh cong tac Nhifng bai hpc kinh nghiem se eo the co dupe thong qua boat dpng giao due phap luat Nhu vay, bang viec dua cae yeu cau, doi hoi doi vdi can bp, cong chire hanh ehinh,' du luan xa hpi e6 tac dpng tich cue tdi boat dpng giao due phap luat cho can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh Dd Laj Thuy, Su phdt trien cua y thifc cd nhdn qua cdc mdn ngiecri vdn hda, sach "Cac gia trj truyen thdng va ngudi Viet Nam hien nay", tap 2, Ha Npi, 1996, tr 110 Cdc phuong tien thdng tin dai chiing (bao ehi, phat thanh, truyen hinh, mang internet ) co anh hudng khong nho tdi boat dpng giao due phap luat cho can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh Mot mat, kha nang dua 76 i ^^^^^^^'N'N^^^a CAC YEU TO ANH HUdNG Tdi thong tin den vdi mpi ngudi, mpi nha mot each nhanh eh6ng, cap nhat, kjp thdi nen cac phuang tien thong tin dai chiing dupe sir dung nhu mot kenh thong tin quan trpng, chuyen tai cac thong tin, tri thirc phap luat, giai thich phap luat phuc vu cong tac giao due phap luat cho can bp, cdng chire hanh chinh Mat khdc, cac phuang tien thong tin dai chiing la dien dan ngon luan cong khai, la noi can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh eo the neu len cac thae mac, dua cac tinh huong phap luat thue te, de xuat cac yeu cau ve muc tieu, npi dung, phuang phap va hinh thirc giao due phap luat Tir do, giup cho cac chii the giao dtic phap luat c6 the dua nhifng dieu chinh, thay doi hop ly nham nang cao chat lupng, bieu qua cua cong tac giao due phap luat cho can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh Anh hudng ciia yeu to phap ly Yeu to phap ly, hieu theo nghTa rpng, la tong the cae yeu to tao nen ddi song phap luat eiia xa hpi d timg giai doan phat trien nhat djnh, bao gom he thong phap luat, qua trinh to chirc thuc hien va ap dung phap luat, cac quan he phap luat, y thirc phap luat, phap che va hieu qua cua phap luat O nhiing mire dp khac nhau, cae yeu to co anh hudng quan trpng tdi boat dpng giao due phap luat cho dpi ngii can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh Moi trudng phap ly phii hpp se tao didu kien thuan Ipi cho boat dpng giao due phap luat dat chit lupng, bieu qua cao Thidu mot co chd phap ly ro rang, cu the cho viec dinh hudng va trien khai boat dpng giao due phap luat cho can bp, cong chire hanh chinh se kim ham, lam cham tre va suy giam hieu qua cua boat dpng Mot nhifng yeu to quan trpng, anh hudng true tidp ddn cong tac giao due phap luat cho can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh la he thdng phdp ludt "He thdng phap luat la tong thd cac quy pham phap luat, cae nguyen tic, dinh hudng va muc dich eua phap luat e6 mdi lien he npi tai thong nhat vdi dupe phan djnh cac nganh luat, cac che dinh phap luat va dupe the hien cac van ban phap luat Nha nude ban hanh theo trinh tu va hinh thirc thong nhat"^ Theo do, be thong phap luat bao gom he thong cau triic eua phap luat va he thong van ban phap luat He thong van ban phap luat bao gom cac van ban CO chira dung cac quy pham phap luat, nguyen tac, dinh hudng va muc dich cua phap luat dupc ban hanh theo trinh tu va thii tuc luat djnh Do tinh chat va dac diem ciia phap luat, cac van ban dii phong phu nhieu loai va dupc ban hanh vao cac thdi diem khac nhung deu hop mot he thong Xet theo chieu ngang, he thong van ban phai phii hpp va phai phan anh npi dung ciia be thong cau triic phap luat Dieu co nghTa la, dii ban hanh vao thdi diem nao va loai van ban nao thi chiing (mot bp phan bay toan the) deu phai can cir vao doi tupng dieu chinh de the hien va npi dung cua chiing hpp cae ehe djnh hay nganh luat cu the Xet theo chieu dpe, he thong van ban quy pham phap luat eo tinh thir bac, co gia tri phap ly khac nhung deu phai thong nhat vdi Mice dp hodn thien ciia he thdng phdp ludt chinh la yeu to dnh hudng mgnh me nhdl ldi hoat diing gido due phdp ludt Co nhieu tieu chuan de danh gia mire dp hoan thien ciia he thong phap luat, co bon tieu chuan co ban la: Tinh toan dien, tinh dong bp, tinh phii hop va trinh dp ky thuat phap ly dupc sir dung de xay dung he thdng phap luat Moi tieu chuan neu tren deu c6 tac dpng tdi cong tac giao due phap luat cho can bp, cong chire hanh ehinh Tinh toan dien cua he thong phap luat phan anh muc dp day du cua he thong quy pham, nguyen tac, djnh hudng va muc dich cua phap luat Tinh toan dien the hien d hai cap dp: chung va eu the C) cap dp chung, tinh toan dien doi boi he thong phap luat * Trudng Dai hpc Luat Ha Npi, Gido trinh Ly ludn Nhd nudc vd phdp luat, Nxb Cdng an nhan dan, HA Npi, 2004, tr 389 77 HANUdc vA PHAP LUAT sd 4/2on phai CO day dii cac nganh luat dupe cau tnic mot each logic, khach quan, khoa hpc va dupe bieu bien he thong van ban phap luat tuang thich cap dp cu the, tinh toan dien doi hoi moi nganh luat phai eo day dii cac che dinh phap luat va quy pham phap luat Tinh todn dien ciia he ihong phdp ludt Id dieu kien ihudn lai de trien khai hogl dpng gido due phdp ludt cho edn bp, cdng chicc hdnh chinh, Id ca sd de cung cdp todn dien, ddy du, cd he thdng cdc kien thicc phdp ludi ve nhirng ngdnh ludi cu the lien quan den cong tdc chuyen mon ciia dpi ngii edn bd, cong chicc hdilh chinh Cdn neu he thdng phdp ludt thieu linh todn dien thi hogl ddng gido due phdp ludt cho cdn bp, cong chirc hdnh chinh se khong chii dpng duac ve ndi dung, mang tinh chdp vd, thong lin phdp ludt trang bl cho ngudi hpc bi rdi rgc, thieu tinh he thong;khien cho hogl dpng gido due phdp ludt kem hieu qud Tinh dong bp cua he thong phap luat the hien d sir thong nhat, khong triing lap, chong cheo hay mau thuan ciia he thong phap luat va ciing dupe bieu hien d hai cap dp khac cap dp chung, la sir thong nhat, khong chong cheo, khong mau thuan giifa cac nganh luat ma bieu hien cu the la co sir phan djnh ro ranh gidi giiia cae nganh luat va su ton tai ciia mot he thong quy pham, nguyen tac, djnh hudng co ban ciia mdi nganh luat cap dp cu the, la sir dong bp moi nganh luat, mdi che djnh phap luat va giifa cae quy pham phap luat vdi Khi mot he ihdng phdp ludt dam bdo duac tinh dong bp thi cdc ca sd gido due - ddo tgo phdp ludt co ca sd de xdy dung he thdng gido trinh, sdch gido khoa, ldi lieu tham khdo ddng bp, ihong nhdl, rd rdng phii hpp vdi tieng nhdm ddi lutyng cdn bp, cong chicc hdnh chinh dang cong tdc d cdc linh vice, cdng viec hdnh chinh khdc Nhd do, cong Ic'ic gido due phdp ludt cho cdn bd, cdng chirc hdnh chinh duac trien khai mpi cdch hieu qud, thiit thuc 78 Tinh phii hpp cua he thong phap luat the hien d mire dp tuang thich giiia trinh dp ciia he thong phap luat vdi trinh dp va nhifng dieu kien eu the cua xa hpi d thdi diem phap luat bien hanh Tinh phii hpp ciia he thong phap luat bieu bien tren nhieu phuong dien, vi vay, xem xet can phai chu y phan tich, so sanh tren ca sd giai quyet cae moi quan he CO ban cua phap luat vdi chinh tri, kinh te, van hoa, xa hpi Nhu cau xa hpi va cae quan he xa hpi eo tinh on djnh tuong doi nen phap luat cQng c6 tinh dn djnh tuong doi Vi vay, sir bien doi, phat trien ciia he thong phap luat thudng dien vdi timg bp phan, it co nhiing bien doi toan phan Xet den mire dp phii hop eiia he thong phap luat thudng la xem xet mot each cu the doi vdi nhiing bp phan he thong phap luat noi chung Tuy nhien, ciing c6 nhiing thdi diem, thdi ky phai xem xet mot each tong the, nhat la nhiing thdi diem c6 tinh chat bude ngoat, nhung thdi ky c6 sir chuyen doi manh me ve ca che, chinh sach eo tinh chien lupe He thong phap luat dupe xay dung, ban hanh phii hop vdi nhiing yeu cau, doi hdi cua cac dieu kien kinh te, van hoa, xa hpi, bam sat thuc tien cupc song se giiip boat dpng giao due phap luat cho can bp, cong chire hanh chinh tranh dupe benh binh thirc, ehii nghTa giao dieu; hudng tdi trang bi cho can bp, cong chire hanh ehinh nhifng kien thire phap luat ma hp thue sir dang can, phii hop vdi yeu cau eua cong tac chuyen mdn, vdi nhifng tinh huong phap luat eu the ma cupc song dang dat Khi do, cdn bp, cong chicc hdnh chinh se thuc su hao himg, phdn khdi tham gia cdc khda ddo tgo, gido due phdp ludt vi nd thiet thuc, bd ich doi vdi hp Ngicoc Igi, neu he thdng phdp ludt khdng phii hpp, khong bdm sdl thuc lien ihi ddu phuang phdp, hinh thicc gido due phdp ludt cd cdi tien the ndo di chdng nica ciing khd md hdp ddn duoc cdn bp, cdng chicc hdnh chinh, bdi nd khdng giup gidi quyei dicp'c nhung vudng mdc md hp dang gap hdng ngdy ;AC YEU TO ANH HUdNG ^ Tieu chuan ky thuat phap ly thd hien d cho, mot be thong phap luat hoan thien cao phai la he thong dupe xay dung vdi trinh dp ky thu^t phap ly cao Ky thuat phap ly la tdng the cac phuang phap, phuang tien dupc sir dung qua trinh xay dung be thong hoa phap luat phii hpp vdi cac nguyen tac, tieu chi khoa hpc va thuc tien Ve thuc chat, day Id lieu chuan cd tinh chdi long hop cd ba lieu chuan tren, vi he thong phdp ludt dupc xdy dung vdi trinh dp ky thuat phdp ly cao Id he thdng phdp ludi phdi ddm bdo tinh todn dien, tinh dong bp vd linh phit hpp Muon dat dupe muc dich ciia cong tac giao due phap luat cho can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh thi chiing ta phai khong ngirng cai each be tbong phap luat tren co sd ciia bon tieu chi neu tren Ben canh be thong phap luat, y thicc phcip ludt ciia can bp, cong chiic hanh chinh Cling la yeu to c6 anh hudng rat quan trpng toi boat dpng giao due phap luat cho dpi ngu can bp Tren phuong dien chung, y thirc phap luat la tong the nhirng bpc thuyet, tu tudng, quan diem, quan niem thjnh hanh xa hpi, the hien moi quan be ciia ngudi doi vdi phap luat hien hanh, phap luat da qua va phap luat can phai c6, the hien sir danh gia ve tinh hop phap hay khong hpp phap hanh vi xir su ciia ngudi, ciing nhu to chirc va boat dpng ciia cae CO quan nha nudc va cac to chirc xa hpi Xet theo chu thd cua y thuc phap luat, y thirc phap luat gdm c6 y thirc phap luat ca nhan, y thirc phap luat nhom va y thirc phap luat xa hoi Khac vdi y thire phap luat noi chung, theo quan diem ciia chiing toi, y thicc phdp htgl cita dpi ngti cdn bp, cong chite hdnh chinh Id y thirc phcip lud( cita nhom xd hpi, phan dnh thuc lien ddi sdng phdp ludt thupc cdc king ndc hdnh chinh nhd nudc, the hien ndng luc nhdn ihicc cdc quyjjhgm phdp ludt, trinh dii ki^n thirc, hieu biet phdp ludt, linh cam, thdi dp doi vdi phdp ludi ciia hp; duprc bieu hien hdnh vi phdp ludt, loi sfjng theo phdp ludt, qud trinh giai qiiyit cdc cdng viec hdnh chinh thupc chicc Tdli ndng, nhiem vu dupc giao Theo y nghTa tren, y thirc phap luat eua can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh CO anh hudng rat quan trpng tdi boat dpng giao due phap luat cho chinh hp Khi can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh co y thirc phap luat d mot trinh dp nhat djnh, thi bp biet ro nang lire nhan thirc cac quy pham phap luat, trinh dp kien thirc, hieu biet phap luat cua ban than, biet ro minh dang can cai gi, thieu cai gi so vdi yeu cau cua cong tac chuyen mon de dua cac de xuat ve muc dich, muc tieu, npi dung, phuang phap giao due phap luat Mat khac, y thirc phap luat trd dpng lire npi tai thuc day bp bang hai tham gia vao cac ldp dao tao, boi dudng kien thirc phap luat Day chinh la moi trudng ly tudng cho viec xuc tien boat dpng giao due phap luat cho can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh dat chat lupng va hieu qua cao Con neu y thirc phap luat ciia can bp, cong chirc hanh chinh d trinh dp thap, eon nhieu ban che thi boat dpng giao due phap luat phai dupc to chirc cho eo trpng tam, trpng diem thong qua cac npi dung, phuong phap va binh thirc phii hop vdi tirng loai doi tupng de gop phan nang cao trinh dp kien thirc, hieu biet phap luat cho bp Chinh sdch phdp ludt vd ca che phdp ly quy dinh ve cong tdc gido due phdp lual cho cdn bp, cong chirc hdnh chinh cung c6 anh hudng khong nho tdi chat lupng va hieu qua ciia boat dpng Nhan thirc dupe tam quan trpng eua cong tac giao due phap luat, nhifng nam qua Dang va Nha nudc ta da quan tam, tao nhifng dieu kien can thiet va thuan loi cho cong tac Chang ban, Chinh phii da ban hanh Nghi quyet so 61/2007/NQ-CP 7/12/2007 vd viec diy manh cong tac bien, giao due phap luat Tuy nhien, v/ec chinh sdch, nghi quyet ve gido diic phdp ludt chua duac the che hoa mot cdch kip thdi vd day dii ihcinh nhimg dgo ludt vd vdn bdn dudi ludt cdn thiet, viec thieu vdng nhimg quy dinh cu the ve gido ditc phdp ludt cho dpi ngii cdn bp, cong chicc hdnh chinh dd gdy khong it khd khdn cho cong tdc ndy 79 ... mdi c6 y nghTa Bdi vi, chi thu nhap ciia hp du chu cap cho ban than va gia dinh thi hp mdi yen tam cong tac, chap hanh ky cuong, cong hien tai nang va tam huyet cho dat nudc Dieu giiip cho dpi ngii... va Nha nudc ta da quan tam, tao nhifng dieu kien can thiet va thuan loi cho cong tac Chang ban, Chinh phii da ban hanh Nghi quyet so 61/2007/NQ-CP 7/12/2007 vd viec diy manh cong tac bien, giao... va muon la "trach nhiem tap the" Ben canh do, chu nghia tap the thudng la cai cd de can bp, cong ehirc hanh ehinh diing de bien minh cho thoi quen y lai vao tap the va tam ly "an phan thii thudng"