... Concern for the hearer 19 1.5. Offer of repair 19 1.6. Promise of for bearance 20 1.7. Admit the impingement 20 1.8. Indicate reluctance 20 1.9. Beg forgiveness 20 2. Some tips to have an effective ... communicative force of an utterance. We might utter [1] to make a statement, an offer, an explanation, or for some other communicative purpose. This is also generally known as the illocutionary force of ... participants: an apologizer and a recipient of the apology. When a person has performed an act (action or utterance), or failed to do so, which has offended another person, and for which he/she can...