... and cell survival. They bindand activate a specific tyrosine kinase receptor that iscoupled to multiple intracellular signaling pathways[17,18]. Activation of tyrosine kinase receptors isinvolved ... transcription, were increased in response toEGF. Pretreatment of the cells with PD98059, an inhibitor of MAP kinase kinase, inhibited the EGF-induced c-Fos and c-Jun expression, AP1 DNAbinding, Bcl-XLexpression, ... proteins, is inducedthrough MAP kinase activation, allowing transactiva-tion of genes containing AP1-binding elements. How-ever, it is not known whether EGF is capable of protecting cells...